In recent years, a healthy lifestyle has become a real trend. And a product such as sprouted wheat is considered one of the most important components in the diet of a person who is keen on healthy eating.

What you need to get started

Before growing wheat at home, you need to prepare everything necessary for such a process. So here's what you'll need:

• Wheat grains. They must be of high quality and not treated with any chemicals. Winter crop grains are best suited for germination.
• Sprouting tray. It should be plastic or glass, but not metal. If you choose a plastic tray, make sure that it is made from food grade materials. Is it possible to grow wheat in anything other than a tray? It’s possible; simple glass jars are also suitable for this purpose. When sprouting, it is best to cover the jars with gauze.
• An air humidifier - you will need it if you decide to seriously start germinating wheat at home and plan to do it constantly. For household purposes, some inexpensive model is suitable.
• Fresh, clean water at room temperature.

Selecting grains for germinating wheat

Before growing wheat sprouts, you need to choose the raw materials themselves. Here we would like to give you some tips:

• In stores or health food departments you can find wheat that is specifically designed for sprouting. It is marked accordingly, and you can be sure that if you follow all the rules, you will get a high-quality result. However, if you want to save money, you can also buy wheat from farmers when possible.
• It is highly desirable that the raw materials are not treated with any chemicals. Unfortunately, it is simply impossible to verify this with the naked eye. If you buy special environmentally friendly grains, you can rest assured that they probably meet all the stated requirements.
• It is not so easy to check wheat purchased on the market. But you can at least appreciate her appearance. So, pay attention to the size and integrity of the grains. If possible, they should be identical, not chipped, not wrinkled, dry, smooth, without mold. If the appearance alarms you, immediately ask yourself: is it possible to grow such wheat, and will there be any benefit from it? Choose only a product that does not raise your suspicions and looks healthy and of high quality.
• It happens that even beautiful-looking grains do not germinate and begin to rot even when they swell in water. If you notice mold, do not sprout such wheat, but simply throw it away.
  Different varieties of crops swell and germinate in different ways. They may also require different temperatures or humidity. But there is one rule that should be followed when germinating wheat at home: it is better to underexpose the grains in water than to overexpose them.

How to grow wheat

Having selected and purchased wheat grains, the first thing you need to do is soak them in water. Moreover, it is important to first measure the required amount of raw materials. For a large tray or tray measuring 40 x 40 cm, you will need approximately a couple of glasses. There should be enough grains to cover the bottom with a thin layer.
After measuring the seeds, pour them into a colander or sieve and rinse with clean, cool water. Then put them in a bowl and soak. Wheat should be soaked in clean, if possible, filtered water at room temperature. Its volume should be 3 times the volume of seeds.
After pouring the grains, cover them with film or a lid and leave them on the table for 10 hours. After this time, drain the water and add fresh water, a little cooler than the previous one, and also filtered. Its quantity should also be 3 times the number of seeds. Leave the wheat again for 10 hours. Then do the same procedure a third time.

The result of this soaking should be the appearance of small roots on the seeds.
Wash the wheat and prepare a tray for it. If there are holes in the bottom of the tray, place paper towels on the bottom to prevent roots from growing through the container. Then take organic compost or soil and spread it in a 5 cm layer. Please note that you need to grow wheat at home without fertilizers, otherwise instead of benefit it can only do harm. By the way, the paper towels that you put in the tray should also be clean, without dye or fragrances.

You can grow wheat without land. To do this, you need to take a tray without holes and a piece of gauze. Gauze, folded in several layers, should be laid on the bottom, seeds should be distributed on top and covered with several more layers of gauze. Pour the grains onto the prepared compost and spread in an even layer.

Then press it lightly to the ground, but do not dig in entirely. Water the wheat with clean water, trying to wet all areas. If you grow grains on gauze, it must also be thoroughly moistened, but not completely filled, so that mold does not appear. Then cover the seed tray with wet newspaper or cloth.

Check the wheat every day and make sure it doesn’t dry out. Water the compost regularly for several days. Again, do not overfill the tray with water. We also spray the newspapers lying on top with a spray bottle. After 4 days, remove the newspapers and water the sprouts once a day. The question of where to grow wheat is also important. It is better to do this in a place where direct rays of the sun do not fall, but not too dark. It should be warm there and there should be diffused light.

To know how to properly grow wheat at home, you should listen to some tips:

• Where you place the tray with wheat, the air temperature should be 22-24 °C. In such a place you need to maintain high humidity, and if the air in the room is too dry, it is better to use a humidifier.
• Do not pour too much water into the container. In such conditions, the seeds will not germinate, but will only burst and become moldy.
• If you do not maintain constant humidity, the wheat, on the contrary, will dry out and will not germinate. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly moisten both the soil and the newspapers or gauze that lie on top.
• There is also no need to spread the grains too thickly, because the lower seeds will simply suffocate and there will be no benefit from them.
• As a rule, if the technology is followed, high-quality raw materials germinate within a day. Moreover, almost all seeds should germinate. Wheat should be eaten immediately, and its sprouts should not become longer than 3 mm - in this case they will be very harmful to the body. It is advisable to discard those grains that have not sprouted, as they may be affected by some kind of disease.
• If the wheat has not sprouted within 2 days, you just need to throw it away, because either the raw materials turned out to be of poor quality, or you made some mistakes during germination.

What are the benefits of sprouted wheat?

Wheat itself, even in its unsprouted form, is a rich source of useful components. In dry grains, such components are in an inactive phase, but at the time when a sprout hatches from a seed, the grain tries to give it everything it needs for active development. Thus, the wheat seed mobilizes all the beneficial substances that are hidden in it.

Sprouted wheat is useful not only for its contents, but also because the contents are balanced and are absorbed by the body almost completely. That is why the sprouts of the culture are considered a valuable biologically active food supplement, which, moreover, is of absolutely natural origin.

If we talk about the composition of sprouted wheat, it contains the following components:

• fatty acid;
• maltose;
• alimentary fiber;
• 20 different amino acids;
• minerals;
• vitamins: C, E, PP, B vitamins.

The highest concentration of these substances is present in the product when its sprouts reach 1-2 mm in length. It is believed that sprouted wheat contains components that are involved in the construction of nucleic acids, which, in turn, form the basis of our genes. This leads to the fact that after consuming the product, reserves appear in the human body for restoration and treatment of many, including serious diseases.

If we talk about the effect of sprouted wheat on the body, then we need to highlight the following:

• The product improves the functioning of many organs and systems of the body. Tones the body, improves immunity and allows a person to easily cope with infections. Wheat normalizes metabolism, gives vigor and energy.
• It is especially useful to use after illness, when the body is exhausted and does not have enough strength to recover. For people with reduced immunity, this product is also important in the diet. You can also use sprouts as a preventive measure, for example, during the ARVI season and during influenza epidemics.
• Such food also has a positive effect on the functioning of the nervous system, relieving depression and stress.
• Sprouted wheat is also beneficial for men. It is believed that its continued use helps cope with sexual dysfunction.
• Magnesium, which is contained in the sprouts of the culture, perfectly reduces blood pressure and also removes cholesterol from the blood.
• Insoluble fiber fibers are beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract. Sprouted wheat helps fight constipation, removes waste, toxins and radionuclides. Soluble fiber also has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, absorbing bile acids and improving the intestinal microflora.
• Normalization of metabolism, which is facilitated by the consumption of sprouted wheat, helps with obesity. The product itself is very low in calories, but satisfies well and relieves hunger quickly and for a long time. For those who suffer from excess weight and decide to eat sprouted wheat, it is advisable to exclude bread from the diet.
• Wheat sprouts are considered an excellent cancer prevention agent. In some cases, such a product helped cope with existing neoplasms: cysts, fibroids, fibroids, polyps.
• Sprouted grains are recommended for use in case of deterioration of vision, the presence of various inflammations in the body, and diabetes mellitus. Wheat sprouts help restore even very poor vision if eaten regularly and for a long time. As for diabetes mellitus, such food significantly alleviates the course of the disease and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the thyroid gland.
  Sprouted wheat has a rejuvenating effect on the body, improves complexion, skin condition, hair, nails and teeth. It charges the body with energy, gives strength and activity.

Contraindications to the use of wheat germ

Despite all the naturalness and benefits of wheat, it also has a number of contraindications:

• It should not be eaten by those who have kidney problems or serious disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Those who are prone to frequent intestinal disorders should also be especially careful when introducing such a product into their diet.
• Sprouted wheat, like any other, contains gluten. For most people, it does not represent anything bad, but there are those who cannot tolerate such a component.
• A reaction to eating sprouted wheat may be indigestion, but, as a rule, after some time the body gets used to it and this symptom disappears on its own.

How to eat sprouted wheat

Wheat germ juice

To prepare the juice, wheat is sprouted long enough until the sprouts reach a length of 10-12 cm. Then they can be cut off and the juice squeezed out.

To do this proceed as follows:

• First, the sprouts are washed with cool water.
• Then they put it in a special juicer designed specifically for such purposes. A simple juicer will not work in this case, because blades of grass can clog it and it will fail. Special devices for preparing juice from wheat sprouts are made in such a way that you can get the maximum amount of liquid.
• If you don’t have such a juicer, then grind the stems with a blender, and then strain through a very fine sieve or cheesecloth.

Used materials

Business in Russia. Guides to starting a business in the regions.
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* The calculations use average data for Russia

500,000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

28%

Profitability

14 months

Payback

200 thousand

Land rent per year (1000 ha)

Wheat is the most important agricultural crop in many countries, including Russia. Not only is the most popular of breads baked from it, but also pasta and confectionery are made. However, today agriculture in the country cannot be called a highly developed industry. To the capricious natural conditions we can add the policy of the state, which is not very eager to develop the agricultural sector of the economy. All these external threats stop many entrepreneurs who might and would like to engage in agriculture.

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But where there are difficulties, the level of competition is always lower. And agriculture, considered as food production, must satisfy the needs of a huge number of people, so there can be a lot of players in such a market. At the same time, farmers rarely compete, preferring even coordinated work. You can make money growing wheat, especially if you have work experience and/or knowledge about agriculture, but an urban person will have to study a lot of literature in order to know only in theory how best to sow, germinate and harvest wheat. If an entrepreneur has not encountered agriculture before, then without the help of an experienced agronomist, he will most likely not receive a harvest that will cover his expenses.

Wheat is a very finicky crop (like all others cultivated by humans), and even the slightest mistake can be very expensive. As many farmers note, cultivating wheat is very difficult and sometimes unprofitable, so you need to make sure several times that the wheat will grow and then be sold, otherwise such an undertaking can only be a waste of time, effort and money. But even when everything is calculated and the forecast is favorable, risks associated with natural conditions remain. But one of the positive aspects worth noting is that in light of recent events, the state is sluggishly beginning to change something in the agricultural sector, and even, it seems, in the right direction.

How to open a grain growing business from scratch

To start your own business, you need to register as a business entity. Of course, it is possible to register an individual entrepreneur or a form of legal entity, but for farming it is better to register a peasant farm - a peasant farm. It will not be possible to get by with private subsidiary plots (personal subsidiary plots), since the volume of cultivation and harvesting of grain crops far exceeds the volume that can be found on a personal plot. Registration will cost about 20 thousand rubles, taking into account the collection of all papers and obtaining permits from all authorities. But even before the registration stage, it is better to find the land on which work is planned. There will be no problems with it in the south of Russia, but in the middle zone you can also find fields suitable for growing wheat.

Vast areas are sown with wheat, otherwise there will be no benefit, and for this you need at least 100 hectares of land. Some farmers rent thousands of hectares, because the more land is cultivated, the greater the profitability of the entire undertaking, not to mention the absolute profit indicators. To get a sufficient amount of flour, you need to grow a lot of wheat, which is why they buy grain in tens of tons. And in this case, a farmer who offers very little of his products is not interesting to large buyers, and will only be able to sell his goods at the collective farm market, and the revenue there cannot be very large.

It’s probably not worth buying the land; it’s better to rent it for several years, at first only for a year. The cost of renting a hectare of land is up to three and a half thousand rubles per year, but this is precisely the case with chernozem; other types of soil are rented for much less money. If we take into account the black earth regions, then 350 thousand rubles will have to be allocated for a year, and it can be considered good luck if you can agree with the landlord on a monthly payment; often money is required for a year in advance.

It may make sense to rent a smaller area for sowing, but this is calculated separately by each entrepreneur in his region, but since wheat is always needed, it is hypothetically possible to sell it even in the case of the largest quantities. Therefore, not in the predominantly agricultural regions of the country, a large amount of wheat for sale can be provided by even larger volumes of purchases, but it is also a little more difficult to grow it not on black soil. Thus, approximately 200 thousand will be needed for the annual lease of 100 hectares of land in central Russia to 350 thousand in the south.

Characteristics of wheat varieties for sowing

When the land is found, you need to decide what kind of wheat will have to be grown. There are many varieties of this cereal, and you need to select the most popular and productive one, which grows on the right soil and is resistant to specific climatic conditions. Wheat has the largest number of varieties (specifically from the agricultural point of view) compared to all other cereal crops, but here you need to decide first of all what kind of wheat will be grown - feed or food. Some sow fields with different types of this cereal in order to reach a larger number of consumers in the end. According to statistics, much more feed wheat is consumed. But first of all, you need to consider which form of sowing is preferable.

Wheat can be called a good crop precisely because it can be both spring and winter. Therefore, depending on the region, its climate and agricultural characteristics, varieties are selected that are sown either in spring, or in late summer or autumn. Sometimes the practice of sowing winter wheat is used, which is harvested in the spring, after which spring wheat is sown in the same field. This allows you to save space and get a harvest twice a year. But then you may not have time to sow the field again with a winter crop, and even in this case the risk of plant diseases increases.

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Competent farming does not generally involve planting the same land with the same crop several times in a row; usually, after harvesting, they begin to grow another crop on the land, so that next year they can again replace it with the original one or even a third one. This is all called crop rotation, and takes into account the allelopathy of plants, that is, their mutual influence on each other. At the same time, you should not count on sowing the land with triticale or rye after wheat; closely related plants, and cereals in general, should not replace each other per year.

Thus, a novice entrepreneur must choose several crops that he will deal with, taking into account their mutual influence on the soil and the germination of the follower, and either divide his plot into several parts in order to receive one crop annually (but from different territories), or occupy different years with different plants. To understand all the intricacies, you need to study a lot of literature, and even better, find a person who is well versed in this.

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In order to grow wheat, you need a considerable amount of seeds to sow. So, the minimum can be called 100 kilograms of seeds per hectare, and sometimes this figure is several times higher. It all depends on how rich the soil is, what plants grew on it before and on general climatic conditions. If we take the average sowing rate of 150 kilograms per hectare, then 100 hectares will require 15 tons of seeds. The price of one ton of wheat seeds averages 6 thousand rubles, but can be higher or lower depending on the variety.

Thus, the seed fund will cost 90 thousand rubles, but this is a very average figure for the reasons mentioned above. At first, seeds are purchased from a company specializing in this; in the future, these expenses will not be incurred, since material grown independently will be used. The sowing norms and conditions also differ greatly depending on many conditions, and you need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to learn from your own mistakes, choosing the most optimal cultivation methods.

What equipment is needed to grow wheat?

In terms of capacity, the farmer will need specialized equipment and a barn for storing wheat. The barn can be installed on a site near the house or directly on the field itself, but it is better to store the equipment in a visible place. The machines are divided into those that help care for the grain and those that are designed for harvesting. But most farmers hire a combine harvester for the harvest period, since the machine is expensive, and buying it only for use, at best, several times a year is quite unprofitable. Therefore, all that remains is to purchase the following equipment:

• Harrow and plow.

• Peeler.

  Cultivator.

All this equipment can either be purchased new, or purchased previously used, or taken out a loan for it or leased. Some farmers also rent these machines, not just harvesting equipment. It all depends on the amount of available funds, and sometimes you have to make do with renting used equipment. It’s better, of course, to buy a new one and make depreciation deductions, and you can save especially well if you get borrowed funds for equipment.

If larger areas of wheat cultivation are planned, then it is worth thinking about purchasing some equipment in several copies, since otherwise there will be a possibility that it will not be possible to harvest the crop on time. Modern equipment has reduced the need for manual physical labor to a minimum, but if the need for it ever arises, you can find workers in the nearest locality, where there are always workers available to perform periodic work.

All other tasks can be handled by the entrepreneur himself with the help of his family, but what is definitely needed if the businessman is inexperienced in farming is constant consultations with an experienced agronomist. Only such a person can say exactly how, what and when it is better to sow and collect. It is not necessary to hire him as a permanent worker, but finding him in the nearest collective farm or even as a farmer who grows crops on his own is still very good. Consultation with a specialist, which occurs constantly and at all stages of farming, can help grow a really good harvest.

Feedings and fertilizers for growing wheat

We must not forget about feeding and fertilizing wheat, as well as pest control. Wheat is especially vulnerable to weeds, as it has a weak root system. The number of harmful plants and animals can be significantly reduced by constant orders to combat them, but if the predecessor was chosen correctly, pathogens and weeds will appear in small quantities.

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It is also better to choose organic or even biological fertilizers. It is quite difficult to give an approximate cost of such work, because too many factors must be taken into account. But for 100 hectares of land you need to have at least 50 thousand rubles, and even for this money it is unlikely that you will be able to apply a large amount of fertilizers and carry out several orders for pesticide treatment. This amount will be enough under all possible favorable conditions.

Wheat is an annual plant, meaning it grows in less than one year. Winter wheat (namely, it is planted almost everywhere except black soil) is planted in mid-August in the northern regions or in early October in the south. It ripens in the spring, shortly before sowing spring crops, thus experiencing a significant drop in temperature. The fastidiousness of this cereal can cause crop failure in the event of severe frosts in the absence of a cap of snow, under which it is optimal for these plants to overwinter. The unpredictable weather in Russia in recent decades has significantly complicated the process of farming. Against this background, a spring crop may seem less susceptible to climatic conditions, but in this case the possibility of drought cannot be ruled out (which, however, is a little easier to deal with). Cereals love a mild climate, and sudden changes in temperature, severe winters and hot summers only have a detrimental effect on the harvest. If successful, you can count on a good harvest of wheat.

Profitability of wheat growing business

As world practice shows, the relative yield in this country is on average two times lower than the European average. Thus, in European countries they collect 5.5 tons per hectare, but in Russia the record has become harvest 2.4 tons per hectare. But these are the average figures for the country, in some regions it is better, in others it is worse, and even if we accept this favorable outcome, we get 240 tons per hundred hectares of land.

The price of wheat is higher in the winter months, especially in January (this gives an advantage in growing spring cereals), and is lowest at the end of summer. The price will be completely different if you sell grain in kilograms on the market or sell the harvested material to the appropriate companies specializing in grain grinding or resale. On the farm, wheat is bought for about 7 thousand per ton; in agricultural regions this price is slightly lower, but in the middle zone and northern regions it can reach 8 thousand rubles per ton.

Thus, 240 tons can be sold for 1 million 680 thousand rubles, which in the first year can only return funds for the purchase of equipment, and the rest will be spent on renting space and other fixed costs. In subsequent years, you will no longer have to purchase equipment, and you will be able to make a profit; if the equipment was purchased second-hand, then after the first year of operation there may be a profit from the sale. Accordingly, we can talk about increasing profitability with each new hectare of land leased, but this also means additional expenses per year for each hectare. That is, profitability can be calculated accurately only in each specific case; its positive dynamics coincide with the area of ​​the sown territory. That’s why large farms sometimes grow wheat over square kilometers, because what’s most valuable to humans in it is, first of all, the grains, which make up a small percentage of the plant’s mass.

To summarize, we can say that the payback of such an agricultural business only in the most favorable scenario will be a season - from sowing to sale after harvesting. There is no point in dealing with wheat alone; you need to know the allelopathy of several plants and alternate them from year to year or change their location on the territory. The most the minimum costs in case of renting 100 hectares will be about half a million rubles, but only in regions with cheap land and under conditions of purchasing very inexpensive equipment. But with such initial data, the harvest will not be too large. It is better to organize the cultivation of wheat in such a way that a significant part of the crop remains for the winter, when it is most profitable to sell it. And, of course, such an important and necessary work of a farmer, although very hard, is precisely what feeds people both in cities and in rural areas.

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Thanks to the growing demand for food among people, the agricultural business is becoming stronger every year. Wheat is considered the most popular cereal. The profitability of cultivation begins with a crop area of ​​100 hectares.

Before you start cultivating wheat, you need to thoroughly understand how to grow wheat, otherwise you risk going broke. The farmer must be able to calculate and determine his possible profit and how much money he needs to spend in the growing process.

1 Demands of wheat to various factors

The yield of cereals and their successful cultivation are influenced by the length of daylight hours in the planting region. The density of the sowing determines how well the light will penetrate to each plant. To ensure that the plants are green and healthy and bush well, the sowing cannot be too thick.

Lack of light is detrimental to winter wheat varieties - the lower internode develops, and overwintering will not go well. Therefore, it is necessary to comply with seeding norms per hectare.

Heat requirements. Different varieties of cereals have different growing temperature requirements. For example, it can be grown at lower temperatures. For winter crops, cold snap during the active growing season will be disastrous. Growing temperature – +13-19 C. Wheat has good heat tolerance (up to 36 C). If the temperature rises higher, watering is necessary because... The heat affects the quality and quantity of the harvest.

Watering. High-yielding wheat is not too demanding on watering. Therefore, the cost of cultivation is low. The most moisture is required during the heading period. It's worth remembering that hard varieties consume 6-8% more moisture than soft ones.

The soil. It is better if the growing region is dominated by podzolic soil or sod-gley soil. The soil for cultivation must be structured and highly fertile. A pH of 6-7.5 is desirable.

1.1 After what crops and when can wheat be sown?

For the successful cultivation of this cereal, the best predecessors will be:

• Legumes.
• Pulses.
• Row crops.
• Potato.
• Beet.

After harvesting the previous crops, it is necessary to disc-hoe the soil. After leguminous crops, ploughshare peeling is also carried out.

2 How to sow correctly?

After harvesting previously grown crops, soil preparation begins. Peeling and harrowing are most often carried out. The field is processed at an angle to the previous one. Lumps of earth should not be more than 5 cm in diameter. How to sow wheat is up to you.

There are three sowing methods:

The most optimal is considered to be sowing and growing using narrow-row and cross-row methods. They allow plants to develop as much as possible and prevent overgrowing by weeds. To get truly high-yielding wheat, the beds are located from north to south. The depth of planting seeds depends on the climate and latitude of the area. For spring varieties it is about 4-5 cm, and for winter varieties it is 3-8 cm.

Important: early crops suffer from pests and diseases much less.

Wheat seeding rates (winter and conventional varieties):

• Durum varieties 5-6 million seeds/hectare.
• Soft varieties 4-5 million seeds/hectare.

2.1 Method of continuous sowing of wheat (video)

Remember: the longer snow stays on winter crops, the better. This directly affects. This way there is a greater chance of reaping the maximum harvest. Crops in forest-steppe and steppe regions favor snow retention.

To prevent high-yielding wheat from dying, the retardant TsetTseTse 460 is added to the tube at the beginning of emergence. When the flag leaf appears, fertilizer can be re-applied.

It is important not to let weeds “clog” the crop! For this, a series is used: Iloxan 30%, Dialen 40%, amine salt.

Pest control is carried out depending on the region where wheat grows and the distribution of pests.

2.3 How and when to fertilize wheat?

The average yield increases with the timely application of certain nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers. It is added based on calculations: for 100 kg of grain and 100 kg of straw add 1 kg of phosphorus, 2 - 2.5 potassium and 3-4 kg of nitrogen fertilizers. Standards vary depending on soil characteristics. For spring wheat, superphosphate in granules is introduced into the rows.

2.4 Harvest

In the southern regions, a wheat harvest of up to 8 tons per hectare can be harvested, while in the northern regions, 3.5 tons per hectare is considered good.

Typically, direct and split combining are used for fall harvesting.

Huge hectares are sown with wheat. And every year its consumption is only growing, and farming is turning into a profitable business.

In Russia, they are actively engaged in growing wheat. This product is used to prepare pasta, cereals, bakery products, and alcohol. The cultivation technology of this species is complex and includes many features. Only with proper observance of all the subtleties in the process of growing wheat can a rich and high-quality harvest be achieved.

Main cultivation regions in Russia

Despite the whimsical nature of cultivation, wheat is not very demanding on weather conditions and climate. Due to this characteristic, the cultivation of this agricultural crop occurs in most regions of the state, however, some locations are more suitable for growing grain than others. The leaders in this area are the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions. Collectively, these regions account for approximately 22% of the state's total wheat share.

The list of leaders also includes the following regions: Kursk, Saratov, Omsk, Voronezh, Volgograd. These also include the Altai Territory. Within the borders of the Urals and Siberia they also cultivate wheat, but to a lesser extent. These regions produce approximately 2-3% of the total grain.

Features of crop care

The ideal climate for wheat cultivation is continental, with moderate warm weather. As for the terrain, the steppe is more suitable for agricultural crops, given the fact that large areas are allocated for plant cultivation. Experts from the agricultural sector have compiled a list of certain conditions for obtaining a stable and full harvest.

• In order for the seeds to germinate, the required temperature should be 1-2 degrees Celsius.
• For the formation of the first shoots, the temperature should be slightly higher - from 3 to 4 degrees.
• The plant can withstand a maximum temperature of -10 degrees, however, only for a short period.
• For seeds to germinate, they need a moisture content of 50 to 60% water based on the total mass of dry seeds.
• The soil moisture indicator is from 70 to 75% of the lowest moisture capacity.

These conditions are considered optimal and most favorable for growing plants. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with them before planting seeds. The crop does not tolerate high temperatures well, which is why it will not be possible to obtain a rich harvest in regions with a hot climate.

At a temperature of about 40 degrees Celsius, in many types of bald spots, the process of stomatal death begins.

Varieties

There are many varieties of wheat cultivated in Russia and other countries. All species are divided into two groups - spring and winter. In order to properly plant and grow a plant, you need to know the difference between these classifications. It depends on the timing of sowing. Spring types of wheat must be sown from early spring to early summer. Winter wheat is sown from the middle of the last summer month until the end of October.

The following differences are also distinguished:

• the growing season of winter wheat is approximately 280 days, spring wheat grows more actively, 100 days are enough for them;
• the baking qualities of spring species are higher;
• winter varieties are more demanding on the composition of the soil, spring varieties - on cultivation conditions;
• spring wheat is resistant to drought, while winter varieties are better able to withstand cold spells and sudden weather changes.

Light mode

A significant factor when growing crops is daylight hours. The key to a rich harvest is a long sunny day, with enough natural light. With its deficiency, many internodes may begin to form. In this case, the plant’s tillering leaf forms too close to the soil surface. These factors negatively affect the crop’s resistance to insects, pests and weather conditions. The plant's endurance also decreases.

Soil composition

Experienced agronomists take the choice of a site for planting seriously. The composition of the soil is also important for obtaining a rich harvest of the highest quality. Experts note that wheat feels great on sandy loam and loamy (soddy-podzolic) soils. If it is not possible to choose one of the above options, make a choice in favor of peat-bog lowland soils.

Soil indicators for crop cultivation:

• minimum pH value – 5.8;
• humus composition – from 1.8;
• K2O and P2O5 – at least 150 milligrams per kilogram of land.

Predecessors

For a bountiful harvest, it is recommended to regularly change the planting location. Repeated sowings in one area lead to a significant decline in yield. This happens due to depletion of the soil composition and diseases. The technology for growing this crop includes mandatory compliance with the rules of crop rotation. Areas where potatoes or legumes used to grow are ideal for planting wheat. Experts say land that previously grew grass or cruciferous vegetables will also work.

Top dressing

The required amount of additional nutrients, as well as their volume, is calculated depending on the composition of the soil and the region of growth. It is also necessary to take into account the type of crop. Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are used to fertilize winter wheat. Before sowing, a significant portion of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is added to the soil. Small amounts of fertilizer are added in the fall or early March using the root method. Fertilizer in spring stimulates wheat growth. And at this time, the plant has a special need for phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Spring wheat varieties are fertilized during tillering. At the beginning of growth, in the early stages, this species is practically insensitive to mineral fertilizers. Excellent results can be achieved using nitrogen fertilizers. Experts also use phosphorus mixtures. During the heading period, potassium compounds are added.

How to grow at home?

Given the popularity of the healthy lifestyle trend, many are starting to grow wheat at home. Sprouted grains have many positive qualities and are considered an important part of a healthy person's diet. Knowing the growing method, it is not difficult to achieve the desired result.

To grow the plant at home you will need the following.

• High-quality grains that have not been treated with chemical compounds. It is recommended to choose winter wheat.
• It is necessary to prepare a tray made of glass or plastic; a metal one will not work. Plastic containers must be made from food grade raw materials. Pallets are also used. If you don't have a tray, use regular glass jars.
• An air humidifier will help to achieve the expected result; it is actively used by those who take the process of growing plants at home seriously and do it constantly. The most ordinary model will be quite sufficient.
• You also cannot do without clean and fresh water heated to room temperature.
• If cultivation occurs by sowing into the ground, it is necessary to prepare soil or compost.

How to choose grains?

In specialized stores you can find wheat that is ideal for sprouting at home. A certified product has the appropriate marking, which confirms its quality. If you want to save money, you can purchase grains from farmers. In this case, it is very difficult to assess the quality of the product. It is impossible to visually check whether the seeds have been treated with chemicals or not. Before purchasing, be sure to visually assess the condition of the product. Pay attention to the size of the seeds, as well as their integrity. The ideal option is smooth and dry grains without mold or other defects. They should also be the same size.

Procuring seeds yourself

Those who adhere to a healthy lifestyle and grow wheat at home instead of buying grains, harvest them themselves. Newbies to this business wonder how many grains grow from one grain of wheat. From one seed you can grow a full-fledged spikelet. One ear contains several dozen grains. When you prepare seed yourself, you can be completely confident in its quality and safety.

If growing conditions are violated, even the highest quality seeds can begin to rot, swelling in water. If you notice mold on your beans, throw them away immediately. Such material cannot be germinated. The cultivation process depends on the variety, however, experts highlight one rule for all types of wheat - it is better to slightly under-expose the grains in water to avoid the formation of mold, than to over-expose.

Growing

After purchasing, the first thing you need to do is soak the grains in water. Before starting, it is important to measure the required amount of seed. If you are using a large tray, the dimensions of which are approximately 40x40 centimeters, two glasses of wheat will be enough. The seeds should cover the bottom of the tray or tray in an even and uniform layer.

Next, the grains are thoroughly washed with cool and clean water. After this comes the process of soaking in a bowl using filtered water at room temperature. It is not difficult to calculate the volume of liquid; it should be three times the volume of the seed. The wheat is covered with a lid and left in water for about 10 hours. After the first time of soaking, the procedure must be repeated, adhering to the above description with one difference - for the second and third time, use cooler water. After 10 hours, perform the procedure one last time.

If everything is done correctly, you will notice miniature roots on the seeds. The material is washed. If there are holes in the bottom of the container you will be using for growing, line the bottom with paper towels. They must be white, without patterns or various flavors. Otherwise, roots may grow through them.

The technology for growing winter wheat consists of following all stages of sowing, fertilization, selection of varietal seeds and acceptable predecessors, processing and proper collection. All of these factors affect profitability. And of course, weather conditions play a major role in the formation of the harvest.

Predecessors of winter wheat

Winter wheat is quite picky about its predecessors, so you need to pay due attention to the crops that were planted on the soil before you started working with it. Under different weather and climate conditions, the best predecessors will be those that do not deplete the soil, clear fields early and leave behind weed-free fields.

• In the Steppe and Forest-Steppe regions, ideal predecessors are those that dry out the root layer of soil to a lesser extent. The best predecessor in this zone is black steam. It affects the reduction of weeds, the accumulation of moisture and nutrients. Such a crop will not only provide an increase in yield, but also improve the quality of the grain crop! In this zone it is also favorable to grow winter wheat after peas, corn, wheat (sown after black fallow). It is a bad idea to grow winter wheat after sorghum, sudangrass and sunflowers. These crops clear the field late and also dry out the soil to a critical depth.
• In the Polesie regions, an excellent option would be to sow winter wheat after predecessors that minimize weed contamination in the field, provide optimal sowing time and a suitable nutritional regime (peas, perennial grasses and early potatoes).

Re-growing winter wheat on the same field is allowed only after two years, because the soil must be cleared of various pests and diseases.

Tillage for winter wheat

Treatment before sowing winter wheat should: ensure acceptable density, structure and aeration of the soil; ensure moisture retention; remove weeds as much as possible, properly cover plant residues and fertilizers; create an even seed bed for further placement of seeds at the required depth.

Before starting processing, you need to take into account the availability of the necessary machine and tractor equipment, climatic conditions, and soil conditions. Much also depends on the predecessor. After non-fallow predecessors, combined units are used by non-moldboard tillage with a depth of 8-10 cm or 10-12 cm.

The subsowing layer should be sufficiently compacted, and the soil particles in it should be predominantly 1-3 mm. Breasts larger than 8 cm are already too much. Compliance with this condition will ensure good contact of seeds with the soil and simultaneous germination. Therefore, during pre-sowing soil preparation, cultivators must be equipped with harrows or rollers.

Since the soil surface must be level before sowing winter wheat, it must be leveled. The height of the ridges left behind by the cultivator should not vary by more than 2 cm. A flat soil surface will ensure seeding at a uniform depth.

Winter wheat fertilizer

Winter wheat responds favorably to fertilization. Basically, organic and mineral fertilizers are used for wheat. However, the application of organic fertilizers for winter wheat is permissible on those soils where the humus portion is less than 2%.

Fertilizer for winter wheat:

• contribute to more economical use of soil moisture;
• improve grain quality, increase yield;
• have a positive effect on soil fertility;
• increase winter hardiness.

Fertilizer rates are calculated based on the need for nutrients to ensure better yields. For winter wheat, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers play a special role.

Almost the entire norm of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is applied before sowing winter wheat. The form of the fertilizer is granulated superphosphate. The remaining small part, approximately 10 kg/ha, is applied randomly during autumn feeding or by the root method in early spring.

Nitrogen fertilizers must be applied in several stages:

1. Approximately 30 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizing in ammonia form is introduced during pre-sowing cultivation.
2. Fertilizing with nitrogen in the tillering phase will help increase the density of the stem, the height and fruitfulness of plants. Fertilizers do not affect the quality of grain crops. The application rate is 30-40 kg/ha, which is about 30% of the full calculated rate.
3. At the beginning of tubing, you need to add 50% of the total calculated nitrogen rate, which is approximately 60-75 kg/ha. This fertilizing will help increase yield, grain quality and will improve the grain size of the ear.
4. 20% of the norm nitrogen fertilizer is applied during heading and flowering. This bait is most effective in an area with sufficient moisture.

If before sowing winter wheat there were stubble precursors on the field or the soil is not particularly rich in useful microelements, then it is recommended to apply nitrogen in ammonium form. Thus, the fertilizer will be less washed out. In the Steppe zone, in order to improve the quality of grain during its formation and filling, foliar feeding is used using an aqueous solution of urea. A fairly effective solution for crops is spraying with liquid complex fertilizers!

Selection of winter wheat seeds

Choosing high-quality varietal seeds of winter wheat is the key to a good harvest! It is varietal seeds of winter wheat that make full use of soil fertility, which, under equal conditions, will provide the best yield of high-quality grain: up to 30% when compared with non-varietal seeds! Such seeds must have high sowing qualities: germination, germination energy, thousand seed weight, humidity, absence of contamination and weeds. Varietal seed material is freed from impurities that reduce its quality.

It is known that the climate of the area in which the crop is grown mainly affects the yield. That is why you need to take a closer look at domestic wheat varieties, since they are more adapted to soil standards and climatic features of the area. Imported analogues will not withstand winter weather so well, because they have reduced frost resistance.

It is necessary to take into account the risks, because it is not necessary to do it all at once, and if you sow one specific variety of winter wheat, the result will be worse than sowing several varieties, which must be selected with different economic and biological properties.

Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds

As a rule, chemical treatment of seeds before sowing is divided into 3 stages:

1. Conventional etching;
2. Seed encrusting;

Going through each stage of processing before sowing, winter wheat increases in weight up to 20 times!

During etching, the main thing is to choose the right and effective disinfectant and etching unit. For winter wheat, the following preparations will be effective:

• Raxil (Tebuconazole - 60 g/l) rate of use - 0.4-0.5 l/t;
• Premis (Triticonazole - 200 g/l) use rate - 0.15-0.2 l/t;
• Vincit (Tiabendazole, flutriafol - 25+25 g/l) rate of use - 1.5-2 l/t;
• Dividend Star (Difenoconazole, cyproconazole - 30+3.6 g/l) rate of use - 1-1.5 l/t);
• Maxim (fludioxonil 25, g/l + tebuconazole, 15 g/l + azoxystrobin, 10 g/l) use rate - 1.5-1.75 l/t;
• Colfugo Super Color (Carbendazim - 200 g/l) use rate - 1.5-2 l/t.

Key features of disinfectants:

• uniform coating for grain;
• not difficult to use;
• safe transportation;
• long shelf life;
• Possibility of use in conjunction with other disinfectants;
• cheapness.

Almost the main problem associated with etching is poor adhesion of the active substance. This is especially noticeable during etching with powders. It is important that the treatment is not phytotoxic and does not interfere with normal seed germination.

How to sow winter wheat?

Sowing winter wheat can be done in different ways:

• regular lowercase (15 cm - row spacing);
• narrow row (7.5 cm - row spacing);
• cross (15 cm).

Usually the regular line method is used. In order to obtain uniform seedlings, it is necessary to set the correct seeding depth: 3-4 cm - treated and moist soils; 1-2 cm - heavy soils; 6-8 cm - light soils. It must be taken into account that the depth in late sowing periods should be less than in early sowing periods.

The seed sowing rate may also vary depending on the timing of seed sowing. If the sowing is early, then the best option would be 400-500 seeds per square meter. At the harvesting stage, this amount of seeds should yield 600-700 productive stems. If sowing occurred at later stages, then it is necessary to increase the seeding rate by 10-15% per square meter. This is done in order to create the optimal number of productive stems per unit area.

Harvesting winter wheat

Winter wheat harvesting is carried out during the period of full grain maturity (phase of waxy grain ripeness), when it reaches a moisture content of 14-17%. The direct combining method is predominantly used. During harvesting, grain losses must be minimized.

If the crops are clogged, they resort to a separate method of harvesting winter wheat, in which shedding occurs, and therefore losses increase. In this case, the grain moisture content should be within 30%. Also, the separate harvesting method is used in cases where the wheat is thick and tall.

Subsequently, after harvesting, the grain is cleaned. If necessary, it is passed through dryers and brought to a moisture content of 14%.

Source http://agroflora.ru