How to calculate the length of the stairs to the second floor. Calculation of stairs to the second floor using the online calculator program
Any home that has multiple floors requires stairs. For its installation, you need to know how to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor in a private house. The calculations carried out must be absolutely accurate, otherwise the design will be inconvenient or not at all in the place allotted for it. Therefore, such work should be carried out by specialists or you can use special calculator programs online. In the process of determining the data, materials, dimensions of elements, the slope of the structure, as well as some other data are taken into account.
The right staircase is a guarantee of safety for all households Source hi.decorexpro.com
Calculations by programs
For calculations, a special online calculator can be used, which will help you find out the amount of materials, steps, design slope, bowstring, width. Some programs may provide recommendations on certain parameters of the future design, will report on the possible comfort of using the stairs.
The above parameters affect the convenience and safety of the stairs. At the same time, the minimum height / depth of the steps should be 15/28 cm. It is recommended to make their number odd, then the movement begins and ends with one foot. The height fence is located above the center of gravity of a person’s height, at least 90 cm. The angle of inclination is from 30 to 40 °, for straight stairs, with / without turning steps, the turn can be 90 or 180 °, with several spans and platforms.
In addition to the calculations, the online program will make a drawing of the future design. The required amount of materials depends on the angle of inclination. Therefore, during the design of the house, it is necessary to determine all the parameters.
A monolithic staircase covered with marble is also made according to certain calculations. Source archdaily.com
Online ladder calculator
To find out the approximate cost of a staircase with a straight flight, use the following calculator:
Stair layout
The purpose of the stairs is to move freely between floors. It can carry an aesthetic and design function. When designing it, it is necessary to take into account the materials used, ergonomics, safety, location, area, dimensions and installation. For compliance with all these norms and requirements, a calculator is used. But it is necessary to take into account other technical requirements, which are well known to specialists in the construction industry.
The main structural elements are:
Basic structure;
steps (different shapes);
different number of marches;
fences.
The elements used can be made from various materials, and a combination is also often used. The staircase calculator to the second floor in a private house makes it possible to carry out calculations for different types of installed structures.
The ladder itself can be of the following type:
On kosoura. The safest, large selection of decorations, concise, with or without risers. Fixing depends on the number of beams.
Turning staircase on a stringer made of metal Source m.yukle.mobi
On the Bolts. Mostly metal, a combination of materials can be used. Fixation with metal elements. Stairs are strong, durable, can be dismantled and reconstructed.
On bowstrings. They have an exquisite design, look good in interiors. Fixing steps from the inside.
screw. Occupies a minimum of space, the design includes handrails, racks and steps. They are made round, octagonal or square. The frame is mostly metal.
marching. They have a simple design, but require a large area of free space. Can be rotary, with platforms.
Wooden staircase with carved railings Source olestnicah.ru
Carrying out correct calculations is possible only if certain parameters of the structure itself are taken into account. It is necessary to determine the appropriate slope, the width of the structure, the height of the railing and some other indicators. It is important to carry out the correct calculation of the dimensions of the span, which will help to correctly determine the amount of materials. In this case, span and projection dimensions are taken into account. The second important indicator is the length of the openings for the march. It is determined based on the height of the passage, the angle of the march and the thickness of the floor.
Material counting
For the production of stairs, different types of materials and their combination are used, but in most cases wood is used. Inexpensive wood is economical, environmentally friendly, affordable and attractive. The tree is easy to process, lasts a very long time, can be painted. Metal structures are fireproof, but can rust due to increased moisture.
The calculation begins with measurements of the height from the floor to the second floor and the area that the stairs will occupy Source pl.pinterest.com
The calculation of a straight staircase is carried out with definition of the following quantities:
ledges steps, their sizes;
overall dimensions opening constructions;
parameters stairs, handrails;
width steps, misdemeanors, kosoura.
After the calculations are carried out, they are displayed on the corresponding drawing.
When working with metal models, additional parameters must be taken into account. Some parts are fastened by welding, the material must withstand all loads and be easy to succumb to this procedure. Experts recommend using channels, corners or pipes for stringers. Particular attention is paid to the distribution of the load: the number, area and mass of steps are calculated. Places with increased load must be strengthened with bolts. Can use a combination of materials.
Geometry definition
To obtain accurate calculations, geometric measurements are taken into account, among which the overall dimensions of the entire future structure are important. The minimum width is 1.1 m, including for screw. Options with a width of 1.4 m are considered comfortable.
The angle determines the comfort of using the stairs. Very cool designs save space, but are not convenient. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the ease of use of the structure, its width and height are determined. Steps at least 15 cm wide. The width of the tread to allow the foot to be completely placed on the square and should be 25-32 cm. The distance between the edges of the steps is determined by their height and width. A special online program will help calculate the parameters of the steps.
Basically, all structures are made with a 45 ° slope, and the width of the steps is mostly equal to the 45th leg size, the minimum is 30 cm. There is a corresponding relationship between the place of attachment of the structure and its steepness, which takes into account the angle, height and length of the projection horizontally. Size dependency analysis can be performed in two ways. In the first case, there is a specific angle, and the calculation shows the place of installation of the structure. In the second, the dimensions of the structure are determined and the angle of inclination is calculated. In some cases, there may not be enough space for a single-flight staircase, then the required amount is added, and the calculations are carried out for everyone separately.
Calculations for various designs
The designer of stairs to the second floor in a private house can be used for various types of future solutions. All options have their own characteristics, they must be taken into account. There are common values that do not change:
With turn and winder steps. In this case, there are some peculiarities, since the staircase has a trapezoidal shape, the rotation can be 90/180 °.
A simple wooden staircase leading to the second floor with turning steps Source versar.ru
The dimensions of the steps do not change, the calculations for the angle of rotation are carried out in the same way. When determining the parameters, the width of the narrow part and the overhang of the turning step must be at least 10 and 5 cm.
Straight designs. When carrying out the parameters, the dimensions of the opening, steps, the width of the stringer and the location of the first step are indicated.
Two-march, with a turn on the stringers. The rotation can be 180 °, the designs are made as a zigzag or straight. When calculating, the platforms, the height of the floors, the dimensions of the steps and the bowstring, the length of the opening, the slope are indicated.
To find out the approximate cost of a staircase with a 180° turn, use the following calculator:
Video description
An example of the calculation of the stairs can be seen in the video:
Three-march with a turn on the stringers. Made with 180° rotation. An important indicator is durability, the load on the structure may vary. Initially, the main indicators of the structure are determined, the height of the march is specified, and then the clearance of the top of the structure. After that, the number of risers and treads is calculated.
screw. The steps are arranged in a circle, inside the support, the radius of the circle is equal to the length of the steps. Absolutely all steps can be swivel, the ratio of the narrow / wide sides is 10/25 cm. The height of the steps is determined similarly to marching structures. During calculations, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the span, steps, supports, the shape of the steps (narrow / wide parts 20/40 cm). Maximum attention is paid to the turns of the structure, which should be twice the size of the diameter.
Straight on bowstrings. The calculation is based on the length of the step, which will clarify the depth of the steps and the slope. The lack of depth is compensated by the protrusions.
A high-tech metal staircase only complements the interior of a modern living room Source mobirolo.com
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey internal redevelopment of houses, including all related calculations. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Conclusion
Today, there are various programs for determining the parameters of the future staircase. Specialized resources allow you to visualize structures, create appropriate drawings and obtain all the necessary information on the dimensions and required materials. But in any case, the final calculation should be performed by a specialist - only then can it be guaranteed that the staircase structure will exactly match all the specified parameters.
Specialized online calculators work according to the formulas embedded in them, which are not visible, which means that you can check the correctness of the results issued only by recalculating everything manually. Therefore, they can only be considered as a convenient tool for preliminary calculations.
To make the staircase comfortable for use, it is necessary to fulfill many requirements for its design and shape. It is also important to calculate the stairs for safety reasons, because it must withstand all the loads placed on it. Dimensions may vary depending on their location and room parameters. In this article, we will provide you with information on calculating the dimensions of stairs with all acceptable standards.
Why is it necessary to calculate the stairs
During the design phase of a house, a lot of calculations are performed, but we are only interested in those that relate to stairs. The calculation of the stairs to the second floor in an apartment or house must be performed primarily for safety reasons and to save effort and money.
Performing calculations helps determine:
- how much material is needed for construction;
- what loads must correspond to materials to give the necessary strength to the structure.
Regardless of whether it is a staircase to the 2nd floor, to the attic, to the basement or to a viewing hole in the garage, carrying out calculations will help not only do the job correctly, but also protect against injury, eliminating the possibility of structural failure.
How to calculate the stairs to the second floor
The width of the march to the 2nd floor will depend on the functionality of the stairs:
- For safe use, the span must be at least 90-100 cm.
- To transfer furniture between floors and for a calm divergence of two people in the opposite direction, a width of 125-150 cm is required.
The length of the kosour or bowstring
In order to determine how long the bowstring (kosour) should be, you must use the formula
a 2 + b 2 \u003d c 2,where a is the length of the march; b - the height of the stairs; c - the length of the bowstring (kosour).
The calculation of the stairs in a private house can be started by determining the number of steps, it will be convenient to use the table below. It shows the dependence of the number of steps on the height of the stairs and risers. Dividing the height of the stairs by the height of the riser, we get a number, rounding which, we get the desired number of steps.
To determine the step width, it is more convenient to use the formula shown in the figure, the dependence of the step width (600-640 mm) and the height of the riser. There are a number of restrictions that must be adhered to when calculating:
- the edge of the tread should not hang down more than 50 mm;
- the width of the tread should not be less than 100 mm.
The width of the steps based on the formula is: 600 - 2 * 160 \u003d 280 mm.
On what the parameters of the steps can depend
The main parameter on which any straight staircase, turn or spiral depends, is the size of the room in which it is located.
With a not very large area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which it is necessary to fit a straight single-flight staircase, you will have to change the angle of inclination of the structure to a steeper one in order to reduce the length of the bowstring. Changing the angle of inclination directly affects all the parameters of the steps, except for their length, the dependence is shown in the figure.
Features of the calculation of spiral staircases
Principle d is in many ways similar to the calculations of simple marching and turning stairs, but, of course, there are points that should be paid attention to due to design features.
When making a spiral staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you should be aware that there are certain limits in the size of spiral staircases, beyond which it is not advisable to go for reasons of safety and ease of use:
- the depth of the step in the middle line is at least 200 mm;
- at a distance of 150 mm from the support post at least 100 mm;
- in the wide part at the edge no more than 400 mm;
- ladder diameter from 1300 to 3300 mm;
- march width from 530 to 1430 mm;
- opening diameter from 1300 to 3300 mm.
Consider, for example, the calculation of a spiral staircase for a room with a height of 2700 mm and a march width of 1000 mm.
- It is necessary to calculate the diameter of the future staircase and, accordingly, the diameter of the ceiling opening. The main thing when calculating to double the width of the march is not to forget to add the diameter of the central support column, with such a width of the march it should be at least 200 mm. As a result, we get: D \u003d 1000 + 1000 + 200 \u003d 2200 mm. This size falls within the parameters described earlier.
- Let's determine the radius of the rise, which is equal to the sum of half the width of the march and the radius of the support. Rn=500+100=600 mm. We take half the width of the march due to the fact that in the middle of the span the most optimal tread width is 200 mm.
- Knowing the radius of rise Rn=600 mm and the width of the tread 200 mm, we determine the number of steps per one turn of the stairs using the formula: L=2πr/200=2*3.14*600/200=18.84. Rounding the resulting number, we learn that one turn consists of 19 steps.
- To calculate the height of a step, it is necessary to determine the distance between the turns of the stairs. Consider an example of the use of stairs by people whose height is not more than 180 cm. In this case, the distance between the turns should be at least 200 cm. Thus, we determine that the height of the steps is 2000/19=105 mm.
- The number of steps for our room with a height of 2700 mm is 2700/105=26 pcs.
steps, and, accordingly, on the entire staircase:
2700/160=17pcsThis option will be more economical, due to the fact that the entire staircase will require 9 steps less.
Which of the options to use is up to you. The difference is that the ascent of a spiral staircase is steeper than a simple marching staircase, and the use of lower steps makes it easier to climb.
How to calculate the attic stairs in the house
An attic folding ladder is calculated in the same way as a simple attached ladder, based on the fact that the angle of inclination is 65 °. To determine the length of the stairs, you must use the formula:
where c is the length of the staircase, which stands at an angle of 65°, b is the height of the room (in our example, this height is 2700 mm). Using an engineering calculator, we get that c=2700/0.9063=2979.15. Rounding, we get that the length is 2980 mm.
The height of the steps is 25 cm, the width of the stairs, depending on preferences, is 50-70 cm. You can also find information on how to get a folding attic ladder from a simple attached ladder on our website.
The staircase in the house is not just a decorative design. It serves for a convenient and safe ascent to the second floor, attic or upper tier of the room. Here we will try to answer the questions how to calculate stairs. It is with this procedure that its manufacture begins.
Type of stairs: features of choice
The choice of the type of stairs depends entirely on the design features of the building - the height of the ceilings, the size of the room, and so on. Taking into account all the circumstances, choose a spiral, one-, two- or three-flight staircase. Examples of such structures can be seen in the following photos.
We will not consider the issue of how to calculate a spiral staircase, since this type of construction is too complicated for an inexperienced craftsman.
The vast majority of homeowners choose mid-flight stairs, which are much more practical and easier to manufacture than their spiral "brothers". Easiest calculate wooden stairs to the second floor if she has one march. However, such a solution is not always possible (for example, due to lack of space), therefore, in such cases, rotary two- or three-flight structures are usually used, which can be entered into a limited space.
Turns of marches by 90 or 180 degrees are provided by landings. In each case, the answers to the question how to calculate stairs, will be different, but the calculation method is common for all marching structures. They can differ in the set and varieties of structural elements, therefore, for someone who decides to independently make a staircase in the house, its drawings and calculation are the primary and most important task.
The main parameters of the stairs, providing comfort for the user
First on the list of answers to the question, how to calculate stairs, will be a reminder of the existence of the main parameters that ensure comfortable and safe use of it
Among them:
- angle of inclination, or slope;
- width or step steps;
- march width;
- riser height;
- dimensions of the opening for the stairs.
These parameters have numeric values. The optimal ranges of their values are determined taking into account the anthropometric data of a person. They are not mandatory for a private developer, but without them you will not succeed. It's better to add another step than constantly tripping on a high riser.
Stair details and calculation of their parameters
Stairs in the house are places of increased risk, so their arrangement should be treated with the utmost responsibility. Let's start by illustrating what parts can be included in the ladder structure:
This drawing will illustrate how to calculate stairs and not to miss important technical parameters. For its manufacture, only high-grade coniferous and deciduous wood is used - pine, oak, larch and others.
Calculations of structural elements are an obligatory stage in the preparation of working drawings or sketches, according to which all parts are subsequently manufactured and assembled into a single whole. A "short course" of the rules how to calculate stairs You can watch and listen to this video:
The main parameters of the stairs are the following numerical expression:
- the optimal slope of the stairs, or the angle of elevation - 35–40 °;
- the distance from the edge of the opening to the step below it should be at least 2 m, unless taller people live in the house;
- step width - 25–30 cm;
- riser height - 15–20 cm;
- march width - 100–140 cm;
- the distance between the balusters is 10–20 cm.
In order to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor We suggest that you adhere to the following guidelines. Firstly, the given figures are not absolute dogma and allow small deviations. Secondly, the dimensions you calculated should be checked for compliance with proportions. Otherwise, the appearance of the stairs will suffer.
To check the width and proportionality of the steps, two types of dependencies are used: 2a + b = 64 cm and a + b = 47 cm, where a is the height and b is the step width. The step of the stairs is checked by the first formula, but the digital value of equality should fall in the range of 60–65 cm. This corresponds to the average length of a normal step for an adult.
Next drawing
contains basic information about how to calculate stairs And what measurements do you need to take. First you need to measure the vertical distance between the surfaces of the floors of the first and second floors. Then, using the optimal range of slope values, determine the place of attachment of the lower ends of the support beams. The length of the stairs is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.
If a single-flight design takes up too much space, choose the option with two flights and a 180° turn. Thus, the ladder will take up almost half the space, but will give you more trouble. In this case, the total length of the structure remains unchanged. The number of steps is determined by dividing the total height of the stairs by the height of the risers within the recommended range. The result is rounded up to an integer.
Support beams can be made in the form of a bowstring or stringer. On multi-flight stairs, you can use their combinations. At the stairs on the bowstrings, the steps are placed between the support beams in the grooves, on the corners or support bars. On kosoura they are mounted on top of the beam. If you are sure that you could correctly calculate the stairs, then it's time to move on to the manufacture of its parts and subsequent installation.
Manufacture of staircase details
The initial procedure of this stage will be the drawing up of a design drawing with reference to the place of its installation, which will allow you to complete the detailed design of the project. Your knowledge about how to calculate stairs, should be embodied in the manufacture of its parts, and this will require actions such as:
- purchase of lumber. The use of wood with defects is unacceptable;
- preparation of tools such as saws, chisels, chisels, planers, jointers, etc. (although it will be difficult without a combined woodworking machine);
- purchase of self-tapping screws, wood glue, corners and other fastening materials.
The best choice for stairs is hardwood: oak, larch, beech, ash. The production of parts requires perfect dimensional accuracy and meticulous finishing. For example, steps are made for a certain method of fastening them.
In this case, the choice of support beams in favor of a bowstring or stringer is of decisive importance.
When the entire set of parts is ready, a rough (trial) assembly of the stairs is carried out.
This procedure is almost always performed even by professionals, and for those who first attended to questions, how to calculate stairs and mount it, this step is required. The rough assembly is guaranteed to reveal all the errors, the elimination of which during the final installation is extremely difficult, and often impossible.
The order of assembly of a wooden staircase
We have already seen that the question how to calculate stairs, is very multifaceted and involves a large number of recommendations on every aspect of this process. If everything is done according to the rules, then assembling the stairs in place should not give you problems. The type of support beams also affects the assembly order. Installation of stairs on stringers begins with their installation. A short overview of this process is presented in this video.
Flights of stairs on bowstrings are assembled on the floor and then installed in finished form in place. This is due to the features of fastening steps and risers, which are clearly visible in the following video.
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This operation cannot be performed on pre-installed support beams. A common disadvantage of such video tutorials is the long duration of the videos. In this regard, aids on the topic, how to calculate stairs are clearly winning.
After the assembly and installation of mid-flight structures and platforms, they proceed to the installation of balusters and railings, which form the stair railing, which ensures the safety of users. All connections of parts are carried out with the simultaneous use of hardware and glue. This ensures the durability of the joints and the protection of the tree from premature wear. If possible, it is recommended to use wooden dowels as much as possible instead of self-tapping screws.
On this we will put an ellipsis in the answers to the question of how calculate wooden stairs, fabricate and install it. The topic is too voluminous to cover all the nuances in one article. Fortunately, in our time there is the Internet, where you can find answers to any questions, including highly specialized ones. And if you manage to build a wooden staircase at home with your own hands, share your experience with others.
The staircase is an important, practical element that allows you to move freely between the levels of the building. The comfort of the walker depends on the slope, height, length of the stairs and the parameters of the steps. Incorrectly designed ladders can lead to severe injuries and bruises. Therefore, the modeling of stairs should include the initial stage of making the most accurate calculations. How to calculate the parameters of the stairs yourself - read the article.
Whether it is a staircase in an entrance or a private house, the health of the walker depends on its safety and comfort. For example, on stairs that are too steep and steps that are not wide, you can slip, and if the riser is not high enough, it is easy to catch your shoes on the step and lose balance.
For independent calculations, today, formulas, computer programs, online calculators are used. For any calculation of the parameters of stairs, one should be guided by GOSTs, “Construction Standards and Norms”, which indicate the optimal values \u200b\u200bfor the construction of a convenient and reliable structure of any type, the possibility of installing additional equipment, shields on spans.
How to calculate the stairs in a private house
If the house is under renovation, you should also consider how the dimensions of the room will change after the completion of the repair work. As an example, ceiling and floor finishes can affect the distance between floors. In addition, when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the ceiling. If this is not done, then the last step can create an overlap that is too small or, conversely, too high a riser, which will lead to knocking during the step, slipping of the leading foot and, accordingly, injuries. In addition, the expected height of the clearance should be taken into account: insufficient height will force the walker to bend down during the ascent and descent of the stairs, creating discomfort.
An example of calculating the length of the stairs, the height and width of the steps
The initial stage of the calculation includes the calculation of the number of steps. To do this, they take (the distance between the tiers of the clean floor of two floors) and divide it by the riser height chosen from the optimal values \u200b\u200b- from 12 to 20 cm. The resulting rounded value will be equal to the number of steps in the march.
In one staircase there should not be less than three and more than eighteen steps.
Knowing the height of the step, you can determine its width. To calculate the value, the following example should be used: x \u003d 47 - y, where x is the width of the step, and y is the height.
The width of the treads in curved stairs, in the narrowest part, should not be less than 140 mm
According to the number of steps, a graphical projection of the horizontal length of the stairs is constructed.
In order to calculate the length of the march, you must:
- Square the projection of the length of the stairs and add to it the distance between the floor levels;
- Take the square root of the resulting value.
When making calculations for a staircase with a platform, it should be taken into account that the length of the platform must be more than 14 cm, and the width must be equal to the width of the march.
The formula for calculating the stairs: determine the angle of inclination
You can calculate the optimal angle of curvature of the stairs using the formula: 2c + d = 580/660, where c is the height and d is the step width. When calculating the curvature of stairs with steps less than 14 cm high, the formula is suitable: c + d.
The angle of curvature for specific marches is calculated taking into account the number and height of the steps.
A spiral staircase is an ergonomic and practical way to move from floor to floor. In addition, this design can act as a decorative element for high-tech, loft and minimalist interiors.
In order to calculate the diameter of a spiral staircase, it is necessary to multiply the width of the march by two and add the resulting value to the diameter of the base. To calculate the radius of the rise, divide the width of the march by two and add the radius of the support to the resulting value.
In order for the stairs to be comfortable, its width should not be less than 800 mm: this will allow two people to move comfortably along the steps.
The number and height of steps for a spiral staircase is calculated taking into account that one turn of the structure ensures comfortable movement of a sufficiently tall person (the number of steps in a turn is equal to the length of the movement path divided by the width of the step).
To calculate the height of the riser, you need to add to the average height of an adult (1 m 80 cm) the average tread depth (20 cm) and divide the resulting value by the number of steps in one turn. The resulting value must be divided by the height of the stairs. This value will be equal to the number of steps in the spiral staircase.
What you need in order to calculate the stairs to the second floor
Both a curved (spiral, corner, etc.) staircase made of metal, and a straight (marching) staircase made of solid wood can lead to the second floor. Most often, stairs with turns are used for cottages and private houses. The main advantage of such structures is space saving.
To calculate the interfloor stairs, you need to know the following values:
- Height and length of the ceiling opening;
- The width of the stairs;
- Total number of steps;
- Number of rotary and lower steps;
- Desired step configuration;
- The location of the front door.
In addition, it will be necessary to determine the position of the upper step in relation to the second floor (below or flush with the floor).
Stair Calculator
The calculator is a program that allows you to calculate the most important quantities for designing a comfortable and safe staircase.
Today, many sites related to construction offer their versions of the online calculator, each of which has features that, first of all, relate to the interface and the way the result is displayed. For example, some calculators, after making calculations, provide a ready-made ladder diagram indicating all the necessary values. Such a drawing can be easily saved to a computer and printed. There are also online programs that allow you to calculate the cost of cleaning stairs (washing steps, supports) in residential and commercial premises, depending on their parameters. You can use the programs on devices with android, ios, windows platforms.
How the ladder calculator works online
Using the online calculator is quite simple: to make accurate calculations, you need to select the desired type of stairs (straight, U-shaped, L-shaped, etc.) and enter the initial characteristics of the room.
For the calculation, you will need to specify the following mandatory parameters:
- opening height and length;
- Number of steps;
- Desired step configuration (tread width, overhang size, riser height).
In addition, depending on the selected type of stairs, you may need to enter additional data. For example, for a spiral staircase, you will have to indicate the angle of rotation, the outer and inner diameter of the stairs, and for a design with a 180 degree turn, the width of the stairs, the total and the number of lower steps. Some calculators are able to calculate values taking into account the characteristics of various materials (wood, stone, reinforced concrete, etc.). For example, Zhitov's construction calculator.
Most calculators online have visual cues that indicate the quantities to be entered.
Stair calculation: 3D modeling software
Technical developments do not stand still: today we have the opportunity to get 2 and 3D models of any object.
The computer method makes it possible to obtain an accurate two- or three-dimensional model of the future staircase, indicate the methods of installing the staircase (SNIP system, welding, etc.), suitable for recalculating estimates, and allowing you to understand how the staircase will look in the interior. The calculation methodology of all programs is based on compliance with GOST and standards.
The programs differ in the interface language, the availability of data entry tools and the components of the stairs (some programs may include in the model the type of riser, stringer, bowstring, railing, support pillars, etc.), the ability to simulate stairs made of various materials (wood, stone, reinforced concrete, etc.).
Some services provide online modeling capabilities: for example, Lesenka.ru.
Stair calculation (video)
Stair design is important for any building, both residential and commercial. The comfort and safety of its operation depend on the material of the stairs, the length of the flight of stairs, the size of the steps. The size of the steps, the length and degree of the stairs are affected by the dimensions of the room, the design of the stairs. Correctly make calculations with your own hands, today, absolutely everyone can. To do this, you can use computer programs, Internet resources, building formulas. Either method will give accurate data. You just have to choose the most convenient! And the “Table of Recommended Parameters” will help you compare the obtained values with the optimal ones and, if necessary, correct the calculations.
Private country houses and cottages in two or more floors- have long ceased to seem like a curiosity. This approach to planning their properties allows owners to achieve the maximum possible usable area of housing even on "modest" in size plots for construction. It is clear that both the design of a building on several levels and its construction are seriously complicated. In particular, in addition to the usual architectural and interior elements inherent in any house, it is necessary to think over the creation of interfloor transitions. Most often this role is played by stairs. And if we consider the statistics of individual construction, then the undisputed "leaders" in popularity are
Nowadays, there is no shortage of ready-made projects of staircase structures. You can find on the Internet and special applications that carry out the necessary calculations. But it is quite possible to carry out an independent calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor. For many, this will be even more interesting and understandable, since in the course of the calculation, the owner of the house delves into the many nuances of such a structure, trying them on for his possessions.
Let's go through the steps of the basic calculations of the stairs in this publication. You will see that everything is not so prohibitively difficult.
The main structural elements of a wooden staircase
First of all, what are they - wooden stairs on?
- The simplest option is a single-flight straight staircase. Such designs are relatively simple in calculations and installation, they are distinguished by high reliability and comfort in operation.
A significant disadvantage of such a staircase can be considered that it "eats" a lot of usable space. And a decrease in its size (meaning its projection onto the floor plane) leads to an increase in the steepness of the ascent and descent. Which, in turn, makes the flight of stairs inconvenient and even unsafe for movement, especially for children or for people with disabilities.
- If the space available in the room does not allow for a single-flight staircase, or it turns out to be too steep, it is divided into two or more flights, changing their direction to perpendicular or opposite.
It is clear that the total length of the marches, with the same height of rise and its steepness, will not decrease. But this approach allows, so to speak, to optimize the space. For example, flights of stairs are located in the corner of the room along the walls, and it does not clutter up the room. Or, under the interfloor passage, a small separate room is completely allocated, turning it into a compact stairwell with an oncoming march.
- Stairs with two or more straight flights may also vary. And this difference lies in the features of ensuring a change in direction of movement. So, between the marches there can be a horizontal transition platform. Another option - marches connects a curved section with a smooth change in direction, with steps of a characteristic trapezoidal shape. Such steps are called running.
A staircase with a running section, of course, looks more elegant in the interior. And due to the fact that the rise does not “stop” anywhere, including at the turn, there is a gain in the overall dimensions of the structure. But a winder ladder is much more difficult in calculations, design and installation, and in operation it is not as convenient and safe as a similar one, but with a transition platform. So it is better to weigh all its advantages and disadvantages in advance.
Prices for wooden stairs
wooden staircase
- The design allows you to place the interfloor passage literally "on the patch". And one cannot but agree that such a staircase in the interior looks very vintage (sorry for the pun). However, this is where its virtues are limited.
But her shortcomings - more than enough. The complexity of calculations and installation largely limit the possibilities for independent creativity - the construction of such structures is still the lot of professionals. Moreover, many models use curved, bent parts, which are completely impossible to manufacture on their own without special equipment and without knowledge of technology. From the point of view of convenience and safety of moving along the spiral steps, the staircase generally loses to all its “brothers”. And yet - just imagine that you need to raise to the second floor (or lower down) some dimensional piece of furniture or household appliances!
- From the inside, the steps can be closed with riser panels (pos. 5). However, this element is not mandatory, and often the risers are not installed either for the sake of giving the structure visual lightness, or in order not to create an obstacle to setting the foot (this is typical for stairs with a pronouncedly steep rise).
For the manufacture of risers, a board with a thickness of at least 20 mm is used (recommended - 30 mm). This part can be located and attached in different ways, and this must be taken into account in advance, since its position often affects the “working” width of the tread.
The figure above, just as an example, shows two different principles for connecting treads to risers. It is quite obvious that on the left fragment the position of the riser does not affect the width of the step. But on the right, where the riser is installed in the selected grooves, you will have to adjust the width of the tread panel so that the calculated step width does not decrease.
Prices for stairs
- The first step of the lower march (pos. 6) may not differ from all the others. But sometimes its configuration is varied (while trying not to change the height), they are made wider, with rounded edges, so as to facilitate the approach to the flight of stairs from the left or right side. Such a step is called a frieze.
- An important element of any wooden staircase is the design of the railing. This is both security and an additional decorative "highlight" of the interfloor transition. The basis for the installation of the fence are powerful posts (pos. 7), which should be at the beginning and end of each march. On the transition platform, such a column becomes common to both marches. If the entrance to the stairs is made frieze, then the lower pillar can be shifted to the second or even third step.
Between pillars, with an equal pitch, which should not be more than 150÷180 mm, (pos. 8), forming a common balustrade. From pillar to pillar, railings (handrails) (pos. 9) are launched, which, along the march, rest on the upper ends of the balusters.
As a rule, pillars and balusters are given a beautiful configuration - the details are turned on a lathe. There is no shortage of such products now, and it is quite possible to order a kit in a carpentry workshop. In the same place, railings of the desired shape in section will be made. Some recommendations on the shapes and sizes of the design details of the staircase railing are clearly shown in the diagram.
By the way, it is the position of the railing system that determines the width of the flight of stairs - it is calculated between the wall and the handrails, or between the handrails on both sides. From the point of view of convenience for intra-apartment stairs, a march with a width of 900 to 1000 mm is considered optimal - not too wide so that the space is not “eaten up”, and quite convenient for moving one person and transferring furnishings. However, the upper limit in width is not indicated anywhere - this is at the discretion of the owners. But the minimum size is strictly stipulated by fire safety rules. In any case, the staircase is considered as one of the evacuation routes, and its width cannot be less than 800 mm.
It is clear that models of stairs can combine various elements, including those that were not shown in the proposed diagram. But since our article is intended for beginners (experienced craftsmen have long known all the intricacies of calculation and installation), it is better not to spray, but limit ourselves to analyzing the most affordable options.
The principal device of the stairs is considered. You can choose the type of construction that is most suitable for specific conditions and proceed to the calculations.
The main steps in the calculation of a wooden staircase
Stairs can be attributed to structures of increased complexity, however, nothing is impossible for a real owner. The main thing is that the created structure should be convenient and safe in everyday use, be distinguished by high reliability and durability. Plus, no one ever, as a rule, discounts the aesthetic component, since the staircase should fit well into the intended interior.
And they begin to carry out calculations with an assessment of the place where the ladder is supposed to be installed. The steepness of its rise directly depends on this.
Calculations the main general linear parameters of the ladder structure
Although the owner is free to “experiment” within his home, he will have to adhere to certain rules when creating the design of the stairs. And above all, this applies to the steepness of the flight of stairs, that is, the angle between the direction of ascent and the horizontal plane.
The ladder should be both convenient to use and safe. Therefore, there are certain limits to its steepness. So, the rise should not be too gentle - this is both inconvenient for a person and takes up too much space in the room. Less than 20 degrees of slope in residential buildings, stairs are not made at all, but it is still better to consider 24 degrees as an acceptable lower limit of steepness, although this is also somewhat small.
The most optimal a range of approximately 27 to 33 degrees is considered - such marches are the most convenient and safe. But often in cramped conditions at home it is difficult to come to such values, and stairs are made with a slope of up to 40 degrees. Well, the top one. the critical boundary for a staircase in constant use to the second floor can be considered an angle of 45 degrees. But for individual family members, even such a bias is already becoming quite difficult to overcome.
It is clear that the more gentle the staircase, the more space for its installation will be required. Therefore, it seems appropriate as a first step to assess the steepness of the march and the size of the horizontal projection - how it will "fit" into the space of the room, which can be allocated for its installation.
So, we consider the interdependence of the steepness of the stairs and the space required for its installation.
This dependence is expressed by the trigonometric relation:
D=h/tga
Below is an online calculator that already includes this trigonometric function. And come to the calculation, with a known lifting height (and it is calculated “from floor to floor”, that is, taking into account the thickness of the ceiling), you can do it in two ways:
- It is planned to create a staircase with a precisely selected flight steepness angle. The calculation will show what place she will have to allocate in the room.
- The dimensions of the area under the stairs are strictly regulated - you need to determine what angle the march will get, and whether it will fall into the allowable range. For this calculation, it is only necessary, by varying the slope in the input field, to achieve the required value of the projection length at the output - all this will take a few seconds.
If there is not enough space for a single-flight staircase (and this most often happens in a small private house), then it should be divided into two flights, as already mentioned above. In this case, for each of the marches, you can carry out your own calculationby changing the height of the transition platform. But at the same time, not forgetting that the angle of inclination is necessarily maintained the same for all marches. This is a strict rule, which is unacceptable to break!
