Extractor in separate bathroom. How to properly ventilate the bathroom

Forced ventilation: DIY

To ensure normal air exchange in a house or apartment, two components are necessary: the inflow of fresh air through the living rooms and its outflow from the technical ones. Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is one of the components of the outflow. Therefore, it is necessary to do it right.

According to the principle of operation, ventilation can be natural or mechanical, they also say - forced. The natural movement of air occurs due to the movement of wind, temperature differences and, resulting from this, pressure drops. When mechanical ventilation is used, air movement is caused by fans.

From the point of view of an urban man, forced movement is preferable: everyone has long been accustomed to the fact that life support depends on the availability of electricity. And it rarely disappears in cities. But in rural areas in winter, power outages are rather the norm. Therefore, probably, they tend to mainly make systems non-volatile, or at least redundant.

But the natural ventilation in the bathroom and bathroom should be too large. After all, the lower the speed of air movement through the channel, the greater the cross section of the duct is needed to ensure the transfer of the required volumes. No one will argue that when the fan is on, the air moves faster.

with a forced channel with dimensions of 160 * 200 mm or a diameter of 200 mm;
with natural circulation, a channel with dimensions of 250 * 400 mm or a pipe with a diameter of 350 mm.

One of the schemes for organizing ventilation in the bathroom and toilet in a private house

Therefore, few people today manage with natural ventilation. Unless in small houses (up to 100 sq. m.). Even in apartments with channels leading to the roof, bathrooms and toilets are ventilated using fans.

To decide which fan to put on the bathtub with a toilet, you need to calculate the necessary air exchange. The calculation is a whole system, but when installing a fan, the main attention is paid to its characteristics: it provides the required air speed. In order not to interfere in the calculations, its performance can be taken according to average numbers.

Air exchange rate for different rooms. With their help, ventilation is calculated in the bathroom and toilet

As you can see from the table (this is from SNiP), for a bathroom, at least 25 m 3 / h should be “pumped” per hour, for a toilet or a combined bathroom, the speed should be twice as high - 50 m 3 / h. These are the minimum values. In reality, through three (or two) technical rooms - a kitchen, a toilet, a bathroom - as much air should leave as it enters through the supply ventilation.

The calculation of the inflow is carried out according to the volume of all residential premises and usually exceeds it by 1.5-2 times, and the minimum values \u200b\u200bindicated in the table are not enough to ensure the required air exchange. Therefore, the performance of the fans is taken with at least a double margin, and even more for kitchens: this way there will be no unpleasant odors in the apartment, as well as dampness and fungi. Therefore, when going to the bathroom with a fan with a lower capacity than 100 m 3 / h, it is better not to take it.

First of all, you need to decide where you will put the fan: in the duct or on the wall. Accordingly, the type: channel or wall. In wall-mounted versions, there can also be two types: for installation at the inlet of the ventilation duct - they create more pressure, and for ductless installation - exit directly through the wall to the street.

Duct fans are installed inside a duct or pipe. There is it, respectively, round or square section

In addition to the performance that you calculated, another important characteristic is the noise level. The smaller it is, the better. It is good if the noise level is no more than 35 dB.

Another thing to pay attention to is the level of electrical safety. For use in rooms with high humidity, a protection level of at least IP 44 is required (indicated on the fan housing).

These are wall mounted fans.

To maintain human health, it is not enough to monitor the quality of food and liquid consumed by him. Much attention should also be paid to the air in our premises. Unfortunately, few people think about the fact that it is no less important than good food and water.

The ecological situation that develops in gassed large cities does not allow their residents to simply ventilate the premises. The most acceptable solution to this problem is to install ventilation. The influx of clean air will reduce the likelihood of headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, and will also serve as a prevention of allergies.

Air exchange in private cottages and apartment buildings is carried out according to different schemes. In small residential buildings, separate ventilation ducts are brought to the roof from the kitchen, toilet and bathroom. Another scheme is designed in houses. Here, the air is collected in one common channel, output to the roof. If forced ventilation is provided in the house, builders install special systems equipped with sensitive elements. Such equipment closes or slightly opens the dampers when it becomes necessary.

Forced ventilation in the bathroom can be done by hand. Moreover, the work is not particularly difficult. First of all, you should check the air outlet channel and clean it, if necessary, of debris. For those who cannot install a new fan, another option is recommended. You can simply remove a few meters of the new channel from the old channel by purchasing the appropriate materials at a hardware store.

When installing an electric fan, you should decide on the place where it is best to install it. Ideally, this should be a wall opposite the door.

The fan is mounted directly into the opening of the exhaust duct. If your device has a larger diameter, then the hole will have to be slightly enlarged. After that, all electrical wires must be carefully connected. However, they should be placed in a dry place (so that they are not visible). At the next stage of work, the device is connected to the switch and fastened together with the grate to self-tapping screws or liquid nails.

As a rule, there is a channel through which ventilation is carried out in the toilet. The scheme for organizing air exchange between this room and the bathroom can be carried out in two ways. The first of these involves laying a separate ventilation pipe. It should be located in the ceiling space and go from the bathroom to the air vent. The second option involves the installation of two separate fans.

One of them should be located on the air duct, and the second - in the wall between the toilet and the bathroom.

Most often, ventilation in the Stalinka bathroom is arranged according to the first option. The adoption of such a decision is facilitated by the height of the ceilings in such apartments, which is 3-3.5 m. Forced ventilation in the bathroom is carried out with the laying of an additional air duct. This design is mounted under the very ceiling and closed with drywall. At the same time, ventilation to the bathroom is carried out using a flexible, rigid or semi-rigid duct.

High-quality air exchange is important not only in the bathroom. Normal air circulation is also necessary in the toilet. It will allow you not to feel discomfort from the operation of the sewer system and prevent the appearance of fungus by reducing the humidity in the room. Often, artificial ventilation is required in the toilet of a private house.

How to make ventilation in the toilet (forced type)? To do this, you need to study the scheme of the device of an existing duct. Sometimes it may have access directly to the toilet. But often ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is carried out from one box located in the bathroom. In this case, between these two rooms there should be an opening closed with a grate.

In the first case, it is possible to install the fan directly on the box. In the second version of the exhaust scheme, an additional air duct will be required.

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If mold has appeared in the bathroom, then the ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is not working properly or the existing system is not enough. Steam from the hot water in the bathroom rises to the ceiling, where condensation forms. Condensation also accumulates on the walls. Over time, mold will grow in these areas. Cosmetic repairs in this case will solve the problem, but soon it will reappear. We need to organize an effective ventilation system in the bathroom.

If there is no ventilation shaft in the room, then it must be organized at least at a height of two meters. It is advisable to place the outlet opposite the doors or diagonally from them. This will help create the necessary air flow for active ventilation of the space. Fan performance can be selected as desired. It can turn on automatically if it has the appropriate devices, or you can activate it by turning on the switch on the fan itself or combined with the light in the bathroom.

The choice of fan must be justified so that its power is enough for the bathroom, and the design of the lattice is selected based on the appearance of the space to emphasize its style and complement it if necessary. By installing such a device, you can extend the safety of all coatings in the bathroom and ensure comfortable and safe use of both the bath and the toilet.

Features of ventilation of a bathroom in a private house

During the construction of residential buildings, ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is usually natural. However, it is clearly not enough to constantly provide a normal level of freshness and purity of air in these rooms. So, when you take a shower, the bathroom is immediately filled with steam.

Mold spores in the bathroom air can settle in the lungs of a person and cause the development of diseases such as allergies, asthma, etc. In addition, black spots gradually destroy finishing materials, reaching the concrete itself. That is why everyone needs to install a normally functioning ventilation system in their home.

The system is necessary not only for the supply of clean air. Thanks to it, they achieve the optimal temperature, as well as the level of humidity and oxygen. In a small room without the possibility of ventilation, stale and specific air accumulates. Toilet air freshener won't help. It hides odors, not eliminates them.

ventilation

The air enters the bathroom and toilet from other rooms. For ventilation, a small gap (2-2.5 cm) is left between both the floor and the door leaf or special doors are purchased, the leaf of which has round ventilation holes. Air escapes through an open ventilation duct. If the doors are solid, and a very responsible installer also did not leave a single gap, the bathroom will have to be left open for ventilation.

A well-designed ventilation system is an integral part of the bathroom or toilet.

This system is as simple as possible, but unreliable. In modern houses and cottages, ventilation is increasingly failing. Complicate work:

Sealed doors and plastic windows;
Reducing the lumen of the channel as a result of contamination with dust, dirt, cobwebs;
Incorrectly designed hood;
Windy weather;
An uninsulated channel, inside which the air cools quickly and slowly rises.

If the device removes 100 m3 of air per hour, at least the same amount must be supplied, which is not possible with hermetically closed doors.

Organization rules

Today, air flow has become a problem: by reducing heating costs, we have cut off almost all sources of its supply. We install airtight windows, we insulate the walls through which at least a little air enters with airtight materials. The third source - entrance doors - today, almost all have iron doors, with a rubber seal.

In order for the grilles to be able to provide full ventilation for the bathroom and get rid of high humidity, it is worthwhile to approach the choice of these products with particular care and responsibility. The further ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet depends on how these products are chosen.

the presence of lamellas - each grate must have lamellas, through which the main air ventilation occurs. They should be located over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe lattice;
shape - the shape of these products can be different - rectangular, round, square. The shape can be chosen as you wish, the main thing is that the product fits harmoniously;
material - it is advisable to choose gratings made of durable plastic. These products perform their functions, but at the same time retain their spring qualities for a long time;
color - this element can be any color, but it is desirable that it matches the door. After all, it will be somehow not very beautiful when the door is white and the grille is black or blue.

The arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom of a private house or apartment is a rather complicated process that requires compliance with all the nuances. Indeed, due to ventilation systems, the formation of high humidity, condensate, which often leads to the formation of fungus and mold, is prevented.

When installing an air movement system, you need to remember the basic principle: in order for everything to work efficiently, it is necessary to ensure the flow of air through the living rooms and its flow into the technical ones. From there, he leaves through the ventilation ducts.

If you want the ventilation to be normal, and the walls in the rooms not to “wet”, make ventilation holes. There is such an option on metal-plastic windows, and there are separate devices that are mounted anywhere on the wall. They are available with adjustable shutters, of various shapes and sizes, and are covered with bars from the outside. It is best to install under the windows, above or behind the batteries. Then they are not visible in the room, and in winter the air coming from the street is heated.

Having ensured the inflow, care must be taken to ensure that it enters the technical premises through the doors. Therefore, there should be gaps under all doors: through them, air will flow into other rooms. It is advisable to install a ventilation grill in the bathroom doors and / or also make a gap of at least 2 cm from the floor. The same rules apply to other technical rooms: kitchen and toilet. Only if there is movement of air masses will ventilation work.

Health check

The arrangement of ventilation is a rather complicated and responsible matter, during which all important nuances should be taken into account. Any deviation from the norms can cause serious violations in the further operation of this system. Therefore, many experts recommend, before how to make ventilation in the bathroom, to consider the features of the principle of the device of this system. In these cases, it is worth considering several important features:

in residential-type houses with a small number of storeys, the ventilation device is carried out by separate channels of each room - for bathrooms, for toilets, kitchen rooms;
in residential buildings, the level of which is more than 5 floors, hoods from bathrooms, toilets, kitchens are combined into one ventilation duct. In this case, this channel is displayed on the roof area, and all the hoods are connected to it floor by floor using an air shutter;
all air movement in ventilated systems is carried out using natural draft, which occurs when the temperature regimes of the air inside the room and the outside air change.

Scheme of the exhaust ventilation device of a multi-storey building

It also happens that natural ventilation in the bathroom and toilet works quite normally. That is why before installing a new system, it is necessary to check the health of the existing one. It is quite easy to do this. In addition, no additional tools are needed for this. It is enough to bring a piece of paper directly to the ventilation grille.

The sheet should stick to it under the action of moving air. If this does not happen, then we can say that the hood is not working. Sometimes the cause of this condition may be too tight a door to the bathroom or toilet. In this case, the flow of air into the bathroom in the required volume is not ensured.

The toilet and bathroom in apartments, even with a divided wall, have one air outlet leading to the shaft. In private houses, a different ventilation system may be provided. This is especially true if it has several floors. In simple houses, the room may have a window for ventilation.

A shaft type is installed in the cottages. The functioning check is carried out through technological air holes. The presence of thrust is analyzed by a lighter or a sheet of paper, which is brought to the grate. The fire should go out or turn towards the ventilated window, and the sheet should be attracted to the hole. If this does not happen, then the system is failing.

Ventilation may not always work as it is required, and there may be plenty of reasons for this. Therefore, before starting the arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, it is worth considering all the important nuances, including the causes of poor ventilation draft.

What causes poor ventilation?

sometimes violations of ventilation may occur due to errors in the calculations in the cross section of the ventilation ducts;
various errors when installing the ventilation system;
often, traction can be caused by accumulation of debris, as well as other falling elements. The presence of all these elements can cause difficulty in the flow of air into the room;
Another reason for poor ventilation performance can be repair work at the neighbors, in which the ventilation systems are affected.

Do you know why natural ventilation in the bathroom and toilet deteriorates sharply? There are several.

For example, this happens if the doors in the bathroom have been changed, and air cannot penetrate from below.
Another reason is the repair of neighbors from above, as a result of which the mine was accidentally clogged.
Finally, a bird could get there, which then died.
It happens that after the neighbors install forced ventilation, a reverse flow of air passes into another apartment, or it prevents circulation at all.
Another reason lies in the time of year. So, in summer, when it is very hot, hot air from outside does not allow cold masses to leave the premises. As a result, an air bubble is formed. Therefore, the door should be left slightly ajar.

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

Connecting a fan in the bathroom

For the fan to work, power is needed and the main question is how to connect it. There are several possibilities:

Connect in parallel with lighting. When you turn on the light in the bathroom or toilet, the fan automatically starts. But it also turns off automatically when the light is turned off. For the toilet, this situation is normal, but for the bathroom - not always. For example, after taking a hot shower, all the steam will not go away. Therefore, for bathrooms, you can use a different way to connect the fan or set a shutdown delay (a special device on which you can set the time interval after which the power will turn off).

Output to a separate switch key or put a separate toggle switch / button.
Set a timer that will automatically power up according to a schedule.

The electrical part is the hardest part. You will have to punch a strobe in the wall, “pack” the power cable into it, bring it to the installation site of the switch and connect it there, depending on the method chosen.

You can read how to make a shower cabin with a tile tray in this article.

Checking the ventilation duct

Installing a fan in the bathroom with your own hands begins after checking the condition of the channel. To do this, remove the grate, if it has not been dismantled yet, and bring a flame (candle, lighter) or a piece of paper to the hole. If the flame or leaf is pulled steadily towards the channel, the draft is normal. If it either stretches, then bends back - the thrust is unstable.

If the flame or leaf almost does not deviate, the channel is clogged or blocked. In this case, mold and dampness, as well as unpleasant odors are guaranteed throughout the apartment, and in the bathroom, so be sure.

In case of abnormal draft, residents of high-rise buildings clean the channels themselves or call maintenance services. In private homes, in any case, everything falls on the shoulders of the owners. If the channel is unstable, you may have taken it out without taking into account the wind rose and the thrust periodically overturns. You can solve the problem by moving the exit, but it's not easy. To begin with, you can try to put a deflector (if it is not there) or slightly increase / decrease the height.

When the fan is installed while it is running, the amount of air discharged increases significantly. But due to the fact that the case covers part of the channel section, at other times, when the fan is not working, the flow decreases three times. As a result, the overall performance of the ventilation system drops.

To prevent this from happening, you can install a fan with an air intake grille located below and thus increase the performance to normal. The second option is to leave a gap of 1.5-2 cm between the case and the wall during installation, i.e. make legs. Air will enter the slot and ventilation will be normal in any case. See the video for more on this.

Having chosen the installation method and the type of grille, you can proceed directly to the installation. Fan sizes may vary. Therefore, each case is individual. But the basic steps are standard:

A hole must be made on the tile under the body. The easiest way is to attach a fan and outline. Then, with a special nozzle on a drill or a grinder, cut a hole of the appropriate size.
Remove the front panel from the fan. It is attached with one bolt at the bottom. The bolt was unscrewed, the grille was removed. Holes for fasteners are now visible. We insert the fan in this form into place (into the channel), mark on the tile with a pencil or marker the place where the bolts will be.
With a drill of the appropriate diameter, we make holes in the tile and wall to fit the size of the dowel.
We make an incision in the tile, where we will pass the power wire.
We insert dowels.
We stretch electrical wires through a special hole on the fan housing (if there is no hole, it is drilled).
We install in place, tighten the bolts.
We connect the wires.
We check the performance and install the grate.
We read about the choice of a fan and the calculation of its performance here. For wooden toilets, all this is only partly true. Read about how to get rid of smells in an outdoor toilet here.
Ventilation in the bathroom in a private house

Here the main difficulties may arise in the construction of exhaust channels. When planning, they can be brought together in one place and then brought to the roof. This is more difficult in terms of internal wiring - you will have to pull the ducts to the right place, and also more expensive during construction. But the look is solid.

Another way to arrange ventilation ducts: bring it through the wall, and then lift it up along the outer wall. According to the rules, for normal draft with natural ventilation, they should rise 50 cm above the ridge. But one common air duct will be brought out by you or a separate one for each room - it depends on your desire or on the layout. The picture will look something like this.

There is another option: to make a mechanical hood that will work exclusively from the fan. Then, depending on the layout, one of the two options presented in the photo is suitable.

In the first case (on the left), the exhaust hole is made right in the upper part of the wall (in order for air exchange to be effective, it must be located opposite the door, obliquely, at the top). With this device, a conventional wall fan is used. The same figure shows how the number of required channels can be reduced. If your bathroom and toilet rooms are nearby, through a thin partition, then you can make a hole in the partition and install a grate. In this case, the ventilation of the bath will go through the toilet.

In the second option (pictured on the right), an air duct with a duct fan is used. The solution is simple, only there is one caveat: if the air duct ends under the roof overhang (it is short in the photo, but there are also long ones), then the tree will turn black after a while. If you draw a conclusion from the toilet this way, this may not happen, and in the case of the bathroom, high humidity will make itself felt in a couple of years. In this case, you can “pull out” the air duct to the roof cut or bring it up through the knee (but raise it 50 cm above the roof).

At the time of planning the interior and finishing work in the bathroom, you need to pay attention to a very serious issue, this properly functioning ventilation device. Well-arranged ventilation in the bathroom and toilet performs not only the role of the main air exchange, but also guarantees the entry of fresh air into the room.

With the help of a well-equipped ventilation system, a nasty stench and excessive moisture are eliminated from the bathroom and toilet rooms. Therefore, due to a well-thought-out and clearly mounted system of proper ventilation, the owners, in whose apartment such an air hood is installed, should not worry about the appearance of various molds and smells of dampness.

Ventilation system.

The building regulations prescribed in the reference books clearly establish the necessary standards that must be followed to achieve a good result when ventilating bathrooms with a high concentration of humid air.

According to the norms, ventilation ensures the supply of fresh condensate in the amount of 25 cubic meters per hour for the bathroom and toilet rooms, and for a room with combined bathrooms, the norm will be 50 cubic meters per hour. These are average standards for ventilation systems. Sometimes such norms may be recommended to increase to 150 cubic meters per hour.

Depending on the type of air ventilation, ventilation can be divided into natural and forced system . In the first variant, ventilation of the room is carried out due to the difference, which occurs due to different air pressure outside and inside the room.

Air flows through doors and windows, as well as special ventilation holes in the toilet and bathroom. True, it should be noted that due to the special internal arrangement of the bathrooms, the use of a natural method of ventilating a room does not always make it possible to obtain the desired result. To arrange a natural way of ventilation in the room, you need to make an opening connecting the hole for natural ventilation in the house with the bathroom.

During the implementation of a forced or artificial method of ventilation of sanitary facilities, apply specialized fans , giving an intense flow of fresh air, ensuring good air exchange.

Often, an electric fan directs air flows from the bathroom to the street, while fresh air enters the bathroom from the rest of the apartment.

Very often, owners install a small toilet in the toilet with their own hands. electric fan - an air vent, even considering that the house has excellent natural ventilation, this is done to speed up the cleaning of the air space in the room from disgusting odors.

If the owners fail to get good, natural ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, forced ventilation in the premises must be installed.

Types of ventilation.

Ventilation is divided depending on its application into:

Exhaust type of ventilation installed in the premises.
Supply type ventilation.
Mixed ventilation in rooms.

Exhaust ventilation of premises , described by us earlier, is when fresh air enters the room through external sources, squeezing out the old air mass due to the pressure drop.

Supply type of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet rooms it is performed in a different way, the air mass warmed up from the outside is squeezed out through special vents.

During operation mixed system air ventilation uses an adjustable flow of air mass in rooms for various purposes.

The ventilation system may or may not have a duct to ventilate the airflow, thus it is subdivided into channel and non-channel.

If possible, duct ventilation should be avoided. The best way out in this case is to slightly expand the hole in the wall, which serves as an exit to the common ventilation duct of a multi-storey building, and mount a small fan in it to extract air.

In separate toilet and bathroom, if there is only one ventilation hole with access to the general ventilation in the house, another hole with a fan is made between the bathroom and the toilet.

Installation of a special channel for ventilation makes sense in those places where enhanced ventilation of the room is needed from polluted or humid air space.

Diagnostics of the ventilation system.

Before you improve the ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with its device and diagnose its condition.

How to check ventilation in the easiest way, finding out if everything is in order with her. To do this, we first study air draft, you need to bring a burning match or a torch to the ventilation hole. Fluctuations or displacements of the flame towards the ventilation duct are proof that everything is in order with the air draft. In hot or calm weather, air draft is significantly reduced compared to windy or cool weather. It is desirable to carry out such diagnostics both with the door to the bathroom open and closed, in addition, for a better effect, you need to open a window in the apartment that faces the street. In the event of a decrease in the supply of fresh air, it is best to install means that will complement the ventilation system. Usually, in this case, to improve the ventilation process, special gratings are mounted in the doors to the bathroom and toilet, due to which the normal supply of fresh air mass is carried out with the doors tightly closed.

Even if there is good air draft in the system, it is not always possible to draw a conclusion about the normal functioning of ventilation. How to make the ventilation in the toilet and bathroom work normally, the way out is quite simple. To do this, it is necessary to check the working condition of the air exchange channel, which may have ceased to function normally as a result of unprofessional repair work or due to some unidentified reasons. By completely eliminating various blockages and blockages in the channel, it is possible to change the operation of the air ventilation system for the better.

Fan characteristics.

By purchasing vent fan , it is imperative to evaluate the noise that comes from the operation of the device. During normal operation, the amount of noise should not exceed 35 decibels. At the same time, in the room, as a result of air circulation, fresh air should update the room from 5 to 8 times in one hour. To calculate the performance of the device, you need to multiply the space of the room, calculated in cubic meters, by 5, and increase the result by 20%. Fans differ in the way of installation, devices of the same type are installed in the duct itself for ventilation, there are also radial devices mounted at the outlet of the duct. Such fans have a discreet appearance, as they are hidden from the inside. Radial models usually have a decent look in order to fit into the overall interior of the room.

Fan models can also have a strong difference:

Ordinary axial devices , supply the air mass along the axis of the structure using the blades used for channelless devices.
IN diametral devices low productivity, a drum-type wheel is used.
Centrifugal models have an increased coefficient of efficiency in operation, as well as a high level of noise.
Centrifugal axial fans emit less noise, but give the same effect during operation as centrifugal models of devices.

Improving ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, in some cases, timers and gyrostats are mounted on fans, with which it is possible to extend the operation of the device to achieve a better result.

Devices whose power is extremely weak cannot perform effective weathering of odors and moisture, but it is also not advisable to operate high-power models. Appliances with high power can give such a high-intensity air flow that the air will not come from outside, but from various ventilation holes, in which case the stale air will again enter the room.

Ventilation system device.

If for some reason there is no ventilation system in the room, it is necessary to immediately ventilate the bathroom, this is not a very difficult process.

High-rise buildings are designed so that the ventilation shaft is located behind the wall of the bathroom or toilet room. Mounting the correct forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is not very difficult. It is necessary to make a neat vent, if it was not there, then attach an axial-type radial fan from the inside of the hole, and connect it to electricity in compliance with all norms and requirements for the operation of electrical devices in high humidity conditions.

The outlet for aesthetics is covered with a beautifully made grille. If the living area has a shared sanitary unit, and the ventilation hole is located on the wall between the two rooms, the second fan is installed in the manner described above. In some cases, it is very convenient to use decorative grilles specially designed for the installation of fans in them.

It is much more difficult to install ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, when the ventilation shaft borders on another room; in this case, installation of a channel hood is provided. To start work on the device, you need to choose a place for the vent of the bathroom and in the toilet. After that, you need to think over a plan for constructing a ventilation duct, through which the air masses will go into the mine.

ventilation ducts they differ in the following characteristics:

Rectangular or round box made of plastic.
Hard and soft type boxes made from corrugated iron.
Rectangular boxes made of plain or galvanized sheet.

Plastic products light and very simple when installing forced ventilation in the bathroom. They are much more durable than metal products, have a lower price and are easier to maintain. For this reason, plastic products are actively replacing metal products in the building materials market today. As for the use of corrugated products, its use is extremely rare, and this does not have any effect on the overall picture.

The box is best installed even before the start of the main repair work, but the installation of electrical equipment and gratings on the outlet is carried out after the main finish. At the final stage, the installed equipment is checked.

Errors that are possible with the ventilation device.

Sometimes it happens that the newly installed forced ventilation in the bathroom malfunctions and does not meet its requirements. This is a consequence of improper installation of the device and some errors made at the time of installation. Even before starting installation work, you need to clearly know how to make ventilation in the bathroom and toilet.

Here are some mistakes that are often made at work:

The ventilation channel is not designed correctly, this creates difficulties for the movement of air flow.
Rupture of hermetic connections of the ventilation duct.
Incorrectly installed fans, while they make a lot of noise.
The ventilation duct stretches through the rooms, creating unnecessary noise with its work.

Most of these unpleasant problems can be avoided. How to make ventilation correctly, for this you need to pay attention even at the stage of drawing up and thinking over a plan for the future installation of the structure. If all this was not done, and unpleasant problems arose already during the operation of the ventilation system, in this case a complete redesign of the entire structure may be required.

Another way to make forced ventilation work properly is to use different noise absorbers and installation of a more powerful fan .

Natural ventilation in our homes is organized as follows: air entering the windows, passes through the living rooms, and is removed through the ventilation ducts in the upper part of the kitchen and bathroom. Then it rises along a vertical air duct, after which it is discharged into a ventilation shaft. Together with it, dust, moisture and carbon dioxide leave the apartments. This is ideal. In fact, in our housing there is a smell of neighbor's broth, cigarette smoke and sewage. What to do when the ventilation ducts stop working at the designed capacity? The only way out is to install ventilation in the bathroom and toilet.

But do not rush to run to the store for the most powerful and expensive fan. At a minimum, you need:

check traction;
determine the cause of poor ventilation;
choose the type of fan;
figure out how to properly make a hood in the bathroom and toilet, what materials will be needed for installation;
Read the attached instructions on how to install a fan in the bathroom.

Traction test

To check the draft, it is necessary to ensure the flow of air by slightly opening the window. Hold narrow strips of paper near the ventilation grille. If the strips stick to the grate, the ventilation is working properly. But if the paper does not sway, or vice versa, deviates from the hood, then there is a reverse thrust effect. We will identify the causes and eliminate them.

Using an anemometer, we measure the speed V (m/s) of the air flow passing through the ventilation duct. The air flow through the ventilation system channel is determined by the formula: D = V x F, m³/h, where: F - cross-sectional area of the channel, m². After that, the calculation made is checked for compliance with the standard parameters.

For a bathroom or toilet, the flow rate through the hood hole must be at least 25 m³ / h, for a combined bathroom - 50 m³ / h.

Causes of poor (or reverse) draft in the toilet and bathroom.

Consider several reasons for poor ventilation in the bathroom or toilet:

Choosing an extractor fan

Do you want to know how to properly ventilate? Select the electric fan model based on the features and functions below.

Fan performance

For the calculation, we use such a value as the frequency of air exchange. For a bathroom (toilet and bathroom), this indicator lies in the range of 6 ... 8 and means how many times in 1 hour the air in the room should be updated.
Example. Bathroom area - 9 m², height - 2.5 m.

We calculate the volume of the room:
V = 9 m² x 2.5 m = 16.8 m³

Performance:
Vvent \u003d 16.8 m³ x (6 ... 8) \u003d 100 ... 135 m³ / h

According to the calculation, the power of your fan should be at least 100 ... 135 m³ / h. However, this calculation is not suitable for ventilation systems with a reverse draft effect. In order to “push through” the channel resistance, a more powerful cooler is required. How much more powerful? We recommend increasing the calculated fan performance by 30% Vvent. This should compensate for the aerodynamic resistance of the channel on the segment "apartment - entrance to the mine".

Advice. Avoid installing fans with a capacity of more than 1000 m³/h. For efficient operation of such equipment, a large volume of supply air is required. Working "idle" it will overheat and quickly fail.

Fan mounting

Before you start installing a fan in a bathroom or toilet, we consider it necessary to convey one fact to you.

By converting your natural circulation into forced circulation, without the permission of the state housing inspectorate, you are committing an administrative offense. An exception is low-power equipment up to 100 m³.

In fact, fines for unauthorized installation of a fan are extremely rare, so when choosing between the smell of a neighbor's sewer and installing a fan in a toilet (bathroom), most people prefer the latter option.

Installation of an axial fan according to the "bulb-fan" scheme

This scheme will be of interest to those who want to know how to make ventilation in the toilet quickly and without unnecessary "bells and whistles".

Before you make an exhaust hood in the toilet according to this scheme, you need to be aware of its “weak points”. Since the connection goes through a light bulb, you will have to use a two-core cable (phase-zero). Grounding the equipment will work only if you throw a separate wire between the “ground” of the fan and the “ground” of the outlet or switch.

Installation of an axial fan with a built-in delay timer

For those who want to make ventilation in the bathroom, we recommend purchasing a model with a built-in timer. The scheme of its work is as follows: when the light is turned on, the hood starts working. When a person leaves and turns off the light, a delay timer (from 2 to 30 minutes) is activated and the fan continues to draw out moist air.

Below is the installation procedure, for those who do not know how to install the hood in the bathroom according to this scheme.

We make strobes or if the bathroom is already finished, we lay plastic boxes for open wiring.
Remove the decorative (front) cover of the device. We pass the wires (zero and phase) through the fan housing and the holes of the built-in terminal block, but do not fix it yet.
Set the delay time. There are models where the setting is made from the remote control, but in inexpensive models this parameter is set using a slotted screwdriver on the TIME control.
We fasten the body with self-tapping screws to the wall or sit it on silicone sealant.
We clamp the wires in the fan terminals. We connect the stripped wire leads from the fan and the light bulb through the terminal block. We pull the wiring from the light bulb to the switch. Before you make a hood in the bathroom, decide where the switch will be. For reasons of convenience, we recommend moving it to the inner wall of the bathroom, but the degree of protection of the shell must be at least IP44.
We put the cable in the box.
Close and fasten the decorative cover of the fan.

Results

Shall we summarize? We have learned:
- determine the degree of functionality of our natural ventilation;
- discussed the reasons why the draft in the ventilation ducts can weaken or disappear altogether;
- gave advice on choosing an exhaust fan for a bathroom or toilet;
- told how to make ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, using the two most popular schemes.

The arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet will maintain a healthy microclimate in your apartment and save you from many problems.

Household appliances and chemical cleaning products - without these items, today's life is impossible. However, all of them, to varying degrees, are a source of fumes, which, when accumulated, pose a significant danger to human health. Therefore, stable air exchange and a working exhaust in a residential area are also necessary for us, like light, heat, high-quality food and water. In this article, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the recommendations for installing a forced hood with your own hands. The text is complemented by a detailed video and high-quality photos.

Requirements for the arrangement of ventilation

Even 10 years ago, in an apartment in a multi-storey building, the presence of a ventilation duct in the kitchen and bathroom was sufficient. With the development of building technologies, the emergence of various finishing materials, the expansion of the range of measures for insulating doors, windows and walls, the level of natural ventilation has been reduced to a minimum - fresh air does not enter the apartment and does not decrease from it.

The consequences of inadequate ventilation can be:

the formation of unpleasant odors;
an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in residential premises, which contributes to oxygen starvation, as a result, a person constantly suffers from headaches, working capacity decreases, drowsiness increases;

Arrangement of ventilation in the apartment

increased level of air humidity;
the appearance of fungus and mold on the tiles of the bathroom, in the corners of living rooms;
rapid formation of dust on the shelves.

Prevention of all of the above consequences will be the proper arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom and its regular cleaning. The current standards establish that air exchange should occur with an activity of at least 50 m3, in a separate one - 25 m3. This indicator can be achieved in the old ventilation pipes of old high-rise buildings by installing an exhaust fan.

Types of ventilation

All ventilation systems of residential and non-residential premises are divided into two types according to the method of air movement: natural and forced. Below is a little more about each of them.

natural ventilation. This ventilation system is created at the stage of creating a house project. Natural ventilation is a specially created channels made of pipes, plastic or bricks, passing through some rooms and going out, as a rule, to the attic or roof. At the same time, fresh air enters from the cracks in windows and doors, and then is removed naturally through the exhaust opening into the ventilation duct.

Natural air circulation

A significant disadvantage of this type of ventilation is its high dependence on external factors - weather conditions, wind speed, temperature, in the absence (or presence) of which it simply stops working. What can not be said about the next type of ventilation.

Forced ventilation. It is usually used when natural ventilation stops working or is not enough. Its principle is simple: a special device is mounted in the vent of the bathroom, which artificially creates draft, providing the room with fresh air, regardless of external factors, weather conditions or contamination of the channels. In addition, various filters, coolers, and heaters may be present in artificial ventilation systems, which will further expand its capabilities.

Attention! When using additional options on the exhaust fan, a significant consumption of electricity is possible to clean, cool or heat the entire volume of incoming air.

Power calculation and fan requirements

An electric exhaust fan will help to increase the level of ventilation even in a common duct that has not been cleaned for years. Usually use wall-mounted axial devices. When choosing them, it is important to pay attention to the following:

security must be maximum. After all, a fan is, first of all, an electrical device that will be used in a room with high humidity;

Forced exhaust fan

minimum noise level;
the power of the device should be related to the size of the bathroom with the number of residents in the apartment.

You can determine the optimal power of the exhaust fan using the formula 6xV or 8xV, where the numbers 6 and 8 are the coefficients corresponding to the number of people living and using the bathroom in the apartment, and V is the volume of the ventilated room (bathroom).

Installation of forced exhaust in the toilet and bathroom

It is possible to carry out the correct installation of a ventilation hood with your own hands only on the condition that you are at least a little familiar with the work of an electrician and do not hold a screwdriver in your hands for the first time. Otherwise, it would be better to let an electrician do the installation work.

Installation steps:

Completion of the hood installation

Connecting the hood in the toilet: video

Designing a private house without taking into account the ventilation system is considered incorrect. For a toilet, bathroom, air change improves its composition, prevents mold from appearing on wall surfaces and ceilings, and is flexible. Air exchange improves the microclimate in the premises, protects structures from destruction.

Air exchange options for bath and toilet

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet in a private house is carried out mainly natural and forced. The first option is more economical and easier to implement. Does not require electricity costs. A gap between the door and the floor is enough for fresh air to enter through it. Sometimes for these purposes, a ventilation grill is equipped at the bottom of the door. But the effectiveness of this method is low. The required air exchange is not performed, so mechanical devices are installed.

Forced air change does not depend on external conditions. The flow is supplied and removed in the specified mode. Energy dependence is the main disadvantage, because the fan is powered by electricity.

Features of ventilation of the bathroom and bathroom

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet in a private house can be installed by hand. At the same time, there are no significant differences between devices and installation technologies. Difficulty can be caused by the fact that the main ventilation duct is located at some distance from the bathroom. To ensure the required and high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to organize the flow of fresh air. For this, a separate ventilation sleeve is assembled specifically for the bathroom. It should be oriented to a common (stationary) duct.

When the main channel is located in the bathroom through the wall with the toilet, it is allowed to install ventilation grilles in both rooms. In this case, the exhaust shaft should be located directly behind the wall of the toilet room, but not behind the door.

Attention! Mechanical air exchange is universal. It is suitable for combined and non-combined bathroom and bathroom ventilation systems.

With a small room size and a closely passing main channel, an overhead fan model is mounted. It is quite powerful, does not create noise in operation (up to 40 dB), consumes a small amount of electricity, fits into any room design.

Fan performance selection

The efficiency of air exchange depends on the correctly selected power of the equipment. Approximately its calculation is carried out according to the scheme.

The area of the bathroom (bathroom) is calculated.
The result obtained is multiplied by a factor of 6 (when using the premises up to three people) or by 8 (with a visit of 3 or more people).
The resulting product of numbers is the required fan performance.

In an example, it looks like this. Bathroom with an area of 15 sq.m. used by 4 people. For calculations, a correction factor of 8 is taken. Then the required fan performance will be: 15 * 8 = 120 cubic meters / h.

Attention! If it is necessary to ensure air exchange in a room with an area of more than 15 sq.m., the overhead fan model will be ineffective. Centrifugal duct blowers are better suited here.

Installation procedure

With self-installation of ventilation, the ventilation duct is preliminarily cleaned. For this, a brush or a load suspended on a rope is used. It descends several times into the channel in a rotational motion. The channel is cleaned if the indicator - a sheet of paper brought to the ventilation shaft - deviates towards the room or is not held by gravity on the grate.
All work is carried out with the electricity meter turned off at a height. To do this, you need to provide a stepladder.
Installation of the unit is carried out under the ceiling itself in the zone of maximum humidity, opposite the source of air intake.
Given the size of the fan and the location of the power supply, the position of the wiring and the installation itself is marked.
Installation work is carried out in the presence of a grate, glue for fixing it, a screwdriver, dowels. You may also need a piece of hose for the duct, as well as a drywall box to mask the pipe and unit.
The fan is installed in the air duct. If the model is of an overhead type, the box is first strengthened.
The terminals located on it are connected to a two-wire cable line with a cross section of 0.2 cm.
The fan housing is mounted directly. For this purpose, latches are provided in most models. Otherwise, dowels are used for these purposes.
If it is impossible to directly connect the installation, the air duct is built up. It is disguised in a box or decorated. In this capacity, a flexible, semi-rigid or rigid hose is used.
For economical use of electricity and rational use of equipment, it is convenient to start the fan into operation along with turning on the light: you need to run a cable from the fan to the switch.
After installation and connection, voltage is applied to the network, the operation of the forced ventilation system is checked.

Before assembling the fan into the duct, the power supply is also turned off, but the procedure is somewhat different.

The unit in the channel is placed strictly vertically, as deep as possible. This position is securely fixed so that during operation it does not fall from the generated vibrations.
The supply cable must be new, without kinks and damage to the insulating winding, designed for "zero" and phase. It connects to the fan.
In a convenient place, a switch is installed to start the equipment in operation.
Voltage is applied to the network and the correct connection is checked, as well as the operation of the equipment.

Attention! The main link of forced air exchange is the ventilation unit. You need to buy it according to the calculated parameters with a passport and a manufacturer's warranty.

Check valve in the ventilation system

With incorrectly selected equipment or inaccurate calculations, the ventilation system does not work efficiently enough. As a result, the effect of reverse ventilation is observed. The exhaust air is blown back into the bathroom or toilet. Installing a check valve solves this problem by shutting off the return flow.

The choice of device depends on the type of ventilation system. With a vertical arrangement of the channel, air flows move along it. To block them, a horizontal valve is installed. In the case of longitudinal installation of the air duct, the cut-off piece is mounted vertically.

Some notes on the arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom and bathroom

The fan is bought according to the estimated performance. Its increased power "eats" expensive electricity without increasing the efficiency of the process.
You can automate air exchange in a bathroom or bathroom using a timer. Regardless of the presence or absence of the owners in the house, it will maintain the specified mode, periodically turning the system on and off.

Thus, in a private house, ventilation in rooms with high air humidity, the release of unpleasant odors is definitely needed. Another thing is how it will be organized. Often, along with forced air exchange, natural aeration is used (open window, door, etc.). Of the existing methods, you can always choose the best option and do it yourself to create comfortable living conditions.