Why do unripe grapes dry. Bunches of grapes dry up - how to deal with it

When the vine is healthy and yields a good harvest, the heart rejoices, but it happens when the plants, for no reason at all, begin to dry out, starting with the leaves and ending with the fruits. Here comes confusion, because often, especially novice gardeners, have never encountered such problems, and do not know what to do in these cases, and it’s a pity to grapes - so much work was spent on growing it. So why do grape leaves dry? This question remains relevant for many winegrowers.

The grape leaf dries up for many reasons that gardeners need to learn to recognize in order to identify the problem that has befallen their beloved vineyard in time and begin to eliminate it in a timely manner. If time is lost, it may not be possible to heal the plants.

Grapes - leaves dry, what could be the reasons:

• insufficient moisture;
• all kinds of diseases and pests;
• damage to the root system;
• lack of trace elements in the soil;
• wrong choice of variety;
• violation of the conditions for growing crops;
• fad.

Lack of moisture

Although grape plants prefer hot weather, moisture for them is a prerequisite for normal growth and fruiting. If you do not water the vineyard in a timely manner, then, first, the leaves of the grapes will begin to dry, then the fruits will wither, the root system will get sick. As a result, the entire plant may die. It is very easy to eliminate this cause - regularly and on time to water the plants in specially prepared irrigation grooves, and so that moisture does not stagnate, more often loosen the ground around the bush without touching the roots. If the space around the plants is mulched, then the liquid will not evaporate from the soil surface for a long time.

Fungal diseases and pests

Numerous diseases cause symptoms such as drying out of the leaves of the grape plant. The main ailment causing drying is chlorosis, which has several types.

Verticilliasis also causes grape leaves to dry out. The disease first affects the roots of the bushes, as a result of which the process of plant nutrition is disrupted. Because of this, mineral substances cease to flow into the plant itself and the leaves dry up, first at the edges, and then completely, later completely disappear. The scary thing is that this disease manifests itself only in the second or third year after infection.

With a disease of grapes with a spotted mosaic, first yellow streaks appear on the leaves, then spots, and in the end the leaves dry out and fall off.

Grapes, why do the leaves dry? The cause may be mildew and oidium, the most famous plagues of the grape culture. It is very sad that not only adult plants but also grape seedlings suffer from them.

Gray rot on grapes can also cause dry leaves. It spreads in humid and warm weather, affects, first the leaves, then the fruits, and then the whole plant as a whole.

A disease such as cercosporosis provokes drying of the leaves, which is dangerous not only for the leaves, but also for the berries. It appears on the underside of the leaves as an olive bloom, after the appearance of which the leaves begin to dry out and fall off.

Infectious rubella, which occurs in extreme heat, can cause changes in the leaf blade, which first changes color to red, then the structure of the leaves changes - they become thicker, at the same time, their fragility increases due to lack of potassium.

The main ailment causing drying is chlorosis.

Alternaria also manifests itself in hot and dry weather. Grape leaves begin to dry at the edges, as if there is a lack of potassium, then they become covered with yellow spots and, over time, fall off completely.

Escoriosis or black spot is accompanied by drying of leaves and shoots, the appearance of black spots on them, drying out and dying off of the brushes. The disease is very dangerous, as it affects the entire plant as a whole.

Pests

Vineyard raids by spider mites can cause the leaves to dry out. This pest is so small that it is very difficult to see it with the naked eye. A sign of plant damage by a pest is a cobweb formed at the junction of the leaf with the shoot. If the mite is noticed in time, it will still be possible to prevent the death of the plant.

Root damage

If the grape leaf dries, then the possible reason is damage to the root system, which can occur due to improper loosening of the soil, or unsuccessful shelter of the vine for the winter. Rodents can also damage the roots - mice, moles and arthropods.

Lack of micronutrients

The content of trace elements such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the soil is very important for the grape crop. A lack of them can cause problems, as a result of which the leaves of plants dry out. First of all, this concerns nitrogen. It is very simple to remedy the situation - abundant application of fertilizers containing nitrogen. The stores sell a huge number of different nitrogen-based fertilizers. One of the most popular is urea. You can use ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate for dressing. From organic matter, cow and horse manure, as well as chicken manure diluted with water, are perfect. The lack of potassium manifests itself as dry edges of the leaves, which, subsequently, completely dry out and fall off. In addition to nitrogen, it is also necessary to remember about feeding grapes and other microelements that plants need for good growth. It is important to ensure that there is no oversaturation with minerals, which is also extremely harmful to the grape culture.

Wrong choice of variety

If the region has a cold climate, and crop varieties are chosen that do not tolerate cold weather, then they are most vulnerable to the incidence of various diseases, as a result of which the leaves may dry out. The correct choice of grape variety will minimize the risk of morbidity and ensure the normal functioning of the grape plants.

Violation of growing conditions

Grapes, dried up leaves? A lack of sunlight and heat, a lack of moisture, and soil unsuitable for the crop variety can cause such symptoms. Plants should be planted in such places so that they are as comfortable as possible - there is enough light, mineral components. It is worth protecting the vine from frost, covering it for the winter, protecting it from cold winds. It is necessary to process grapes from diseases and pests in a timely manner, and carry out pruning of plants, monitor the condition of the soil under the grape bushes, and conduct watering and feeding on time.

Foul

Due to the fact that diseases can be transmitted from one plant to another, massive infections can occur. If it is not possible to heal a diseased grape bush, then it is better to destroy it in order to avoid disease of other plants.

What to do if grape leaves dry

It is necessary to inspect the vineyard more often for morbidity and pest infestation. By the appearance of plants, any disease can be detected at an early stage. If the leaves begin to dry, then the disease has gone too far.

For plants to function properly and be healthy, you need to provide them with decent care. In the summer, in the heat, abundant and regular watering is necessary. It is necessary to ensure that the water is absorbed exactly at the root, and does not flow away in different directions.

If there are signs of a lack of trace elements in the soil, then you should immediately apply the appropriate fertilizers containing the minerals necessary for the plants.

Timely treatment with preparations for fungal diseases will help prevent damage to the vineyard by such dangerous diseases as mildew and powdery mildew, and many others. Now there are many available drugs that will reliably protect your vineyard from various misfortunes. If the plant is already sick, and all its green parts have been damaged, then, in order to avoid contamination of the rest of the grape bushes, it is worth digging up and burning it, and replacing it with a new variety, resistant to diseases and pests. Many insecticides will help you against spider mites.

To avoid chlorosis, it is necessary to monitor the acidity of the soil, and timely apply the necessary fertilizers.

Many gardeners grow grapes in order to have a storehouse of vitamins and valuable substances in their area. And just a delicious dessert on your table. But not many beginner growers know how to properly care for the bushes so that they give a good and tasty harvest. After all, gardening is constant work and the fight against pests that strive to damage the grapes or the bush itself.

Often foliage turns yellow and falls off in grapes. Why do the leaves dry, what to do to prevent this?

The reasons why the foliage of grapes dries

When planting a grape seedling, it is necessary to take into account many features and choose the right varieties for your site. If you want to preserve the harvest, and subsequently the entire bush, it is necessary to establish why the grape leaves are drying. Depending on the reason - you can choose the right "treatment" for the plant.

Grapes - a berry bush that does not tolerate sudden temperature changes and is afraid of the cold is very picky about care. Therefore, growing this crop in the north of the country, gardeners are faced with many different diseases.

Covering grapes in late autumn - you can save the bush from frost, but you will get other problems in the growth and development of the bush. Under such a protective layer, the air stagnates, which leads to an increase in the percentage of humidity inside. Without fresh air, fungi and microbes form and grow on the shoots of grapes.

Diseases are also facilitated by various factors that appear later on improper care of the plant:

• a small amount of watering;
• lack of light;
• lack of heat.

All this leads not only to drying and falling of foliage and berries, but also to a significant weakening of the grapes themselves.

A diseased plant can not only die, but also infect the rest of the bushes on the site, since fungal diseases are easily transmitted by spores with the help of the wind.

In such cases, replacing all affected bushes with more resistant and easy-care plants can save the garden. If you don't take any action, then very soon you can lose all the grape bushes. The most common diseases for all grape varieties: oidium, bacterial cancer, Alternaria and many others.

• Lack of nitrogen. A common reason why leaves and berries begin to dry out is a lack of fertilizers in the earthen coma, in particular nitrogen. Symptoms of such a disease: first, the leaves become lighter in color, and then dry completely. How to get out of this situation? It is necessary to make nitrogen-containing preparations and continue to monitor the timely application of fertilizers. To prevent this problem, you can buy special powders at the store or add cow dung or chicken dung.
• Small pests. Small insects, almost invisible to our eyes, can cause irreparable harm to the plant. The most common pests of grapes include spider mites, aphids and others. To find them, sometimes you need to arm yourself with a magnifying glass. If you find insects or traces of their presence on your plant, the plant must be immediately treated with special preparations, which are included in the group of insecticides against these insects. Preparations of the acaricide group will help against ticks. An unusual yellow-red color of the leaves will help to detect pests, since the insects themselves are below the leaves.
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  Diseases. Leaves can dry out not only due to improper care or pests, but also indicate the presence of diseases in the plant. Sometimes these ailments are very common in grapes and can be dangerous not only for the harvest, but also for the plant itself. The most dangerous can be called chlorosis, which occurs in the case of an excess of carbonate in the soil.

  This ailment can be recognized by several signs: the leaves turn yellow, and after a while they begin to fall off en masse. If new foliage grows in their place, then it is much smaller and thinner than the previous leaves. If you do not fight the disease on time, then it affects the harvest, the fruits become smaller and with an unpleasant aftertaste. Chlorosis also negatively affects the growth of young pagons and the entire plant as a whole.

  As a preventive measure, regular loosening of the soil can be carried out, this procedure promotes the evaporation of excess moisture from the ground and better air exchange between the roots.

  
  

The leaves of the grapes dry up, what to do? The main thing is not to panic, but to establish the reason why this is happening. After all, drying occurs for a reason, but later some kind of disease or improper care. And when you find out what negatively affects the foliage and berries, then you will choose the right treatment, which will bring results.

Disease and pest infestation in the vineyard often causes serious damage to the vine. If the leaves dry on the grapes, the shoots wither and die off, this becomes a heavy loss for the grower. It is twice as big a misfortune when the brushes suffer, the berries dry up and a significant part of the harvest is lost. Moreover, the drying process can begin both immediately after setting the berries, and already during their ripening, be accompanied by symptoms inherent in cultural diseases, and proceed for no apparent reason.

Why do berries dry on grapes? There are many reasons for the loss of bunches. Most often, growers identify diseases caused by pathogenic fungi.

Downy mildew is in the first place in terms of harmfulness, affecting not only the ridges and clusters of grapes, but also the green mass, new and perennial shoots. The fungus, penetrating into the tissues of the plant, prevents the flow of food and moisture. Infected parts of the vines, including brushes and ripening berries, dry out and die.

- this is not the only problem that threatens the loss of the harvest. There are other diseases of grape berries, photos with the effect of which on the vine clearly prove the degree of danger and the need to combat them. Insect pests can cause serious damage to the crop, there is a risk of loss of berries and in case of insufficient vineyard care.

Dry-haired grapes

Called by the fungus Eutypa lata the disease of the vine is widespread in all wine-growing regions, where winters cannot be called mild, and is especially damaging in seasons with high rainfall.

Since the pathogenic fungus is able to penetrate the tissues of not only grapes, but also many other horticultural and fruit crops, this complicates the fight against the manifestations of the disease and its spread. The disease affects not only shoots and berries, changes in the wood caused by the fungus are clearly visible in the photo of the grape disease. The disease especially strongly affects adult grape bushes, aged from 8 years, and the symptoms of dry-handedness become apparent when the plant at the beginning of summer gives an increase of 20-25 cm in length.

Shoots and leaves are stunted, oh, the size and color are different from healthy ones. The leaves dry on the grapes, and then necrosis affects the affected shoots. The set berries dry up or stop growing, and remain small until the end of the growing season.

Spotted anthracnose grape

One of the reasons why grapes dry out may be anthracnose. The peak of infection with this serious disease occurs during wet periods, and the pest is active not only in warm weather, but in the range of 2-30 ° C.

Manifestations of anthracnose are often mistaken for mechanical damage to berries and shoots caused by hail. But the weather has nothing to do with it.

Rounded necrotic spots with a brown-black border are the zones of penetration of harmful fungi. Such spots can merge, the dried-up affected tissues inside them are destroyed, and the young leaves drying on the grapes seem to be burnt.

The disease infects all aboveground green plant organs, including the brushes. The grape disease, in the photo, presents the greatest danger to berries before flowering, when the entire brush is affected, as well as before the harvest ripens. As the disease develops, spots characteristic of the disease form on the ovaries and ridges, after the growth of which the brush withers all or partly.

Verticillosis, namely the causative agent of this disease, the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae, penetrates the roots through the soil and, multiplying, disrupts the supply of moisture to the shoots and clusters of grapes. The disease of grape berries, as in the photo, more often and more strongly affects young plants, and its external manifestations can become visually noticeable only a year or two after infection.

The vineyard suffers the most severe damage when the bushes are under high stress. This is more often observed with a lack of moisture, elevated air temperature and the beginning of ripening of berries. First, leaves that look like burnt dry on the grapes, then it is the turn of shoots and bunches. The clusters located in the lower tiers of the affected shoots dry, individual berries on the grapes dry, mummify and remain in this form on the bunches.

Buffalo leafhoppers, which increasingly attack vineyards, can inflict no less harm than pathogenic fungi.

An insect that feeds on plant juices, on the shoots and ridges, makes characteristic ring-shaped lesions, up to a centimeter long, as a result of which the grapes, which are not receiving enough nutrition, dry up, the shoots wither and die off.

The pest gives one generation per season. In the stage, leafhoppers larvae live and feed on grassy plants under vine bushes, and then adult insects climb the vine and begin their harmful activity.

The spread of the pest is facilitated by the abundance of vegetation near the grape bushes. A measure of the fight against a dangerous insect is a two-fold treatment of plants with benzophosphate. Such spraying should be carried out in June, and, in addition, removing weeds and planting beds with onions and garlic near the vineyard, which repels leafhoppers, will be a good prevention.

Bending of the ridges during berry ripening

An explanation of why berries dry on grapes can be the ripening bunches themselves, under whose weight the bunches bend, the supply of moisture and nutrients is disturbed and the fruits wither.

The risk of loss of yield for this reason is greatest for varieties and hybrids that form heavy large clusters.

You can avoid breaking the ridges and shoots bearing brushes if you grow a bush based on an arch or a gazebo. The brushes hanging down are not constrained and develop well, and the branches experience an even load and do not bend.

Drying grape ridges

If no apparent reasons, for example, symptoms of diseases of grape berries, as in the photo, are identified, and the brushes are not poured, and the berries are mummified, perhaps we should talk about drying out of the ridges.

This phenomenon, first noticed a little more than a century ago, has not yet been sufficiently studied, it has only been found out that a kind of paralysis, leading to a slowdown or arrest of the development of bunches, is associated with metabolic disorders and is of a local nature. The disease is not infectious in nature, is not transmitted to other plants and may be associated with a violation of moisture penetration through the vessels of the ridge to ripening berries. Indeed, it is during dry periods that paralysis, leading to the drying out of grape berries, manifests itself most often.

Symptoms preceding drying, in the form of brown dark spots at the branches of the ridge, become noticeable during the ripening period, when the berries accumulate from 7 to 12% sugar.

The tissues under the spots are affected to the depth of several layers of cells, and the lack of moisture aggravates the picture and necrosis covers all new areas. If the spot on the ridge loops back, the flow of moisture to the brush located below stops, and the isolated grapes dry out, wrinkle and lose their taste and marketability.

Drying of grape ridges is dangerous not only with loss of yield, but also with the fact that mold and disease-causing fungi often settle on the affected areas, causing secondary infection of the culture.

A direct relationship between the frequency of drying of the ridges, the region of growth and the grape variety was not revealed. But empirically, it was possible to determine that self-rooted bushes are less likely to be affected by this disease of grape berries, as in the photo, than grafted plants, especially on vigorous rootstocks.

Treatment of paralyzed bushes with fungicides or other plant protection products is ineffective. In some cases, when the grapes dry out, spraying the plantings with a 0.75% solution of magnesium chloride or 3% magnesium sulfate helps. Prophylaxis begins about a month before the onset of the probable onset of paralysis, and then two more sprays are carried out with an interval of 10 days.

As an effective prevention, when the berries begin to take on color and gain juice, the bunches and the surrounding area are treated with a 5% solution of magnesium sulfate.

However, the main means of combating the drying out of grape ridges, gardeners consider adherence to the rules of agricultural technology. Only with proper formation and the use of balanced fertilizing, including magnesium and a moderate amount of nitrogen, as well as with sufficient watering of the vineyard in combination with chemical treatment, can we talk about the elimination of paralysis of the ridges and saving the crop.

Protection of grapes from diseases - video

Video: Diseases and pests of grapes. Fighting them. Grapes 2016

Many gardeners grow grapes in their area, which is a real treasure for the content of useful vitamins and minerals that our body needs so much. They are not even stopped by the many difficulties they have to face, including the manifestation of various diseases. As a result, the leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off. In this regard, it is important to understand why grapes dry up and determine the main reasons before it is too late.

When breeding grapes, it is necessary to take into account many factors and characteristics for its normal development and growth. To preserve the crop, it is necessary to determine the reasons why the cuttings and leaves of the plant dry up and what to do in this case. This can be influenced by many factors. In this regard, the methods of struggle can also be different.

Causes

In order to choose the right method for treating grapes, it is necessary to understand the reason why its leaves and cuttings dry. Depending on this, it will become clear what to do next. The berry culture does not tolerate low temperatures, so those who live in the northern regions most often face grape diseases.

Many gardeners cover the bushes for the winter to protect them from the cold. But in some cases, it can do more harm than good. Under such protection, the air usually stagnates, and this leads to an increase in the level of humidity. In such favorable conditions, with poor ventilation, various fungi begin to appear and actively multiply.

A berry can catch an infection if basic rules are not followed:
wrong soil composition;

• insufficient watering;
• little light;
• lack of heat.

This leads not only to the dropping of leaves and fruits, but also the plant itself is significantly weakened.

A diseased plant can pose a serious threat to still healthy bushes, as fungi, viruses and bacteria are carried by the wind. In some cases, the problem is solved by replacing the affected plants with more resistant varieties. If you do not take any action, then you can lose the entire vineyard. The most common fungal and viral diseases are alternaria, oidium, bacterial cancer and others.

Low nitrogen

Another most common reason why vine cuttings dry out is due to insufficient nitrogen in the soil. This is manifested as follows - the leaves begin to gradually brighten, and then dry out completely. The way out of this situation will be the introduction of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. You can use special compounds purchased from a store or fertilize the land with cow, chicken manure.

Pests

Uninvited small guests can also be the reason why grape leaves and cuttings dry. Among the most frequent visitors are spider mites, aphids and other insects. Some of them are so small that they can only be seen under a magnifying glass. If these pests are found, it is necessary to immediately treat the plant with insecticides. If ticks are found, they need to be dealt with with acaricides. They can be recognized by their yellow-red hue, and their habitats are mainly found in the lower part of the leaves.

Some of the most dangerous diseases

The reasons why grape cuttings and leaves dry out are not only due to improper care. This can be due to diseases, among which the most dangerous are found.

Chlorosis

In addition to poor climatic conditions, grape cuttings with leaves can dry out due to damage to the plant by some disease. The most dangerous of these is chlorosis. It appears when the soil is rich in carbonate compounds. The disease manifests itself in the form of yellowing of the soft parts of the leaves, which fall off over time. And if new leaves grow in their place, then they are much smaller and very thin. In advanced cases, the disease has a bad effect on the fruits themselves - they become noticeably smaller. Chlorosis affects not only cuttings and leaves, the plant suffers completely.

The peak of the disease occurs in the spring or in the second half of the summer. As a good prevention of the disease, a regular procedure for loosening the soil is necessary. This helps to evaporate excess moisture and improve air exchange in the soil.

Spring Fever

The most common fungal disease is gray mold., which is found in almost any region where grapes are grown. Infection occurs in spring, and the reason why the leaves turn yellow and dry is the fungus Botrytis cinerea. A warm and humid environment is favorable for its occurrence.
First of all, the disease affects the cuttings and leaves, on which you can see a gray fluffy bloom. If you shake them off slightly, it crumbles. As a result, the fungus quickly spreads to healthy parts of the plant. It is especially hard for grapes that are just beginning to ripen or are already ripe.

Under the influence of the fungus, the berries acquire a brown hue and quickly rot. And such fruits are no longer suitable for consumption.
Fighting the disease is easy. To do this, it is necessary to cut off and burn all the affected parts of the plant. Then the bush should be sprayed with a solution of baking soda at the rate of a teaspoon per liter of water. Liquid green soap works too. But the best solution would be to purchase seedlings resistant to this disease, which are already available.

Despite the danger, the fungus can be beneficial.

When the fungus infects a berry on the eve of harvest, it allows the production of elite class dessert wines (Tokay, Sauternes). Due to the action of the fungus, the skin of the grapes is quickly destroyed. This contributes to an increase in the sugar level in the fruit juice. Therefore, in some cases, the fungus is applied to the bunches intentionally.

The most dangerous fungus

One more a dangerous fungal disease is named - mildew that anyone who grows grapes knows about. The affected plant is immediately visible - spots can be seen on the leaves, which acquire a pale yellow or light green tint. Over time, these spots increase, and their color
it changes from light and green to red. At the same time, a powdery white bloom can be seen on the underside of the leaves.

The fungus "moves" very quickly, rapidly forming new spores, and infects neighboring plants. In addition to leaves, berries, stems and roots are at risk.
Fight with such a disease should be even before the first signs of infection appear, in order to avoid loss of labor. First of all, the grapes must be planted in suitable conditions. That is, the place should be well ventilated and located away from the lowlands, where moisture usually accumulates. Regular watering, groundbait, loosening the soil, mulching are good prevention against this disease. Chemical treatment of the plant will also not interfere. Planting dill around grapes also helps.

If the plant is already infected, then it can be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture (1%) or Ridomil-gold. Spraying should be stopped only 30 days before harvesting. In general, if frequent cases of mildew damage to plants are noticed in the area of ​​residence, choose plant varieties that are resistant to this disease.

Red disease

Rubella has been known since the time when grapes were grown. It is usually non-infectious and usually occurs during hot weather, most often in July. The leaves take on a bright red hue, which indicates a lack of potassium. The situation can be corrected by the timely introduction of potassium nitrate (1%). If nothing is done, the grapes will die, and then there can be no question of any harvest.

Rubella of an infectious nature is acquired due to the influence of the marsupial fungus ascomycete. You can fight infection chemically using fungicides. The main thing is that the harmful effects of these drugs are safe for humans and animals. Some remedies affect only the affected parts of the plant themselves (Rovral, Omite). Others affect the whole plant as a whole (Quadris, Bayleton, Fundazol). And there are those that differ in the combined combination of the first two types of drugs (Karbis Top, Gold, Reed).

Biological agents are not toxic, but have a short-term effect. For this reason, they are good only at the initial stage of fungal attack. Among many biological products, Gaupsin has proven itself well, the effectiveness of which is 90% and is effective for two weeks. Moreover, it is completely safe for both humans and all animals and insects.
Along with these methods, timely removal and burning of damaged parts of the plant, cutting off excess branches and leaves, and other preventive measures help.

Preventive measures

It will not be possible to completely protect grapes from the occurrence of diseases, but all risks can be minimized. So what should you do? First of all, it is worth buying shoots only in specialized stores where healthy seedlings are sold. This will prevent disease during the first 2-3 years.

Grapes do not tolerate careless handling, they need regular and proper care, which includes regular watering and loosening of the soil. This contributes to normal air exchange in the soil.

Fertilization is also a prerequisite. It is not at all necessary to purchase expensive formulations, it is enough to use natural fertilizers (cow or chicken manure).

It is necessary to regularly inspect the plant and, if insects are found, to carry out processing with special compounds in a timely manner.

During the inspection, you can cut off excess branches and leaves, which also improves air exchange and protects against fungi.

Conclusion

As you can understand, there are many reasons why grapes dry out. This mainly happens due to the defeat of some kind of disease. Therefore, before starting to cultivate this garden culture, it is worth taking a closer look at resistant varieties of plants, which will avoid the harmful effects of various fungi and bacteria. Nowadays, in almost any city, such varieties are bred in sufficient quantities. Therefore, there will be no problems with the purchase of seedlings or seeds.

But if you regularly take care of the grapes and take timely measures, then no diseases are terrible for him. In this case, a good harvest will be all year round.