How to grow mushrooms in the house. Growing Mushrooms for Home Business

Mushrooms firmly entered the life of a modern person. Tasty, nutritious, possessing valuable medical properties - they are present in the menu of high-kitchen restaurants, culinary delights of the ordinary hostess and dietary nutrition in certain diseases.
An unfavorable ecology does not allow full enjoyment of mushrooms grown in vivo. The fear of poisoning has long been translated the traditional fee in the forest into the rank of pleasant memories. Fortunately, there is a worthy alternative - growing mushrooms at home. Growing mushrooms in small volumes is possible in a regular apartment or on the balcony. But, hardly, can be called comfortable conditions with high (90-95%) humidity and periodic decrease in temperature to 10-15C.
But the owners of a private house with a basement, a shed or garage can easily grow mushrooms not only for their table, but also for sale.
For the start, three components will be required - suitable room, mushroom mycelium and substrate (or soil).

Before starting growing mushrooms, you can get acquainted with the mushroom business on our site.
The room may be overhead or underground. The main thing is that it may create optimal humidity, ventilation, illumination and temperature regime. All these conditions are fulfilled and require a minimum of investments. To create a humidity, a household pulverizer is suitable for 90-95%. And with the help of a fan, it is easy to produce artificial ventilation. For the above-ground premises, there are enough lighting from the windows, 100 watt light bulbs are used for the underground and 20 sq.m. Although, for champignons, the light is not needed, they are good fruit and without it.

How to grow mushrooms at home all year round.

Indoor temperature Must vary depending on the growing stage. For the incubation period, it is 20-24C, and during fruiting - 10-15C. Therefore, in the cold time, it is desirable adjustable heating, for example, a furnace or outdoor water.
Solol of cereals (wheat, barley, rye) or sunflower husk are used as a substrate for oyster. When it is elected, it is important to consider:
- the main criterion of quality They are purity, dryness, lack of mold, extraneous smells and impurities.
- according to the degree of yield In the first place is wheat straw, then rye, barley, on the last - oatmeal.
—Luzgu use freshSince when stored it is infected.

-For growing champignons It is better to use horse manure as soil. But there may be a cow, if you add straw, leaves, potato tops.
Mushroom Mycelium is nothing but a mushroom, which is attached to the substrate, thanks to which mushrooms are formed.
Experienced entrepreneurs - mushrooms advise to begin growing mushrooms with mushrooms.

They are considered the most unpretentious, early and least expensive in artificial cultivation.
The first harvest can be collected in thirty days (in winter - 45). Oyshemks grow perfectly with not the highest humidity (80-85%) and wide temperature boundaries (from +10 to + 30C). They buoyally grow up not only on straw and husk, but also on sawdust of different trees, corn stems and dry sugar cane fibers. For the cultivation process of the oyster, special fungal blocks are needed. In fact, it is a plastic bag, which pours a substrate, mushroom mycelium and bio additives. With one such unit, 2,5-kg is removed at one time. Mushrooms. With service 100 blocks on an area of \u200b\u200b30 square meters. m. One person can cope easily.
Fruit mushrooms for quite a long time, up to 5 years old.
As for champignons, they are able to grow in the absence of light, in the cool (12-18 ° C) and wet room (65-85%), through the laying of mycelium into the ground.
The first harvest can be collected after 45-50 days, and the next - for 3 months.
The cultivation of mushrooms at home is an affordable and economical occupation capable of bringing pleasure and stable income.

Weighs on the stump video.

Supporters of healthy nutrition and just curious gardeners attract the cultivation of mushrooms at home. It allows you to supplement the diet of the family with environmentally friendly low-calorie products that are almost not containing fat, but rich fiber and potassium. Independent breeding of mushrooms only seems difficult and troublesome business. Even newcomers will be able to grow them, without minimizing costs. Knowledge of technology and compliance with the requirements of mushrooms to the content conditions will allow you to get a good harvest.

Choosing a substrate

Most often, three types of mushrooms are bred at home:

The rules of their cultivation are almost identical. The difference is traced only in the composition of the nutrient medium. Oyshemks most comfortably feel at straw. Wood is more suitable for shiitake - chippers of deciduous trees. Champignons are faster in compost. Prepare it in a special way, mixing the following components:

• manure (better horse, but you can use any other);
• fresh straw derived from rye or wheat;
• mineral formulations, such as plaster, chalk, meat-point flour, beer crushing, ammonia nitrate, urea, superphosphate.

Although these types of fungi have different requirements, they cannot be called too strict. In terms of competent care, each of them will delight harvest in crushed straw or sawdust. The nutrient medium must be high quality. Assess it according to external signs: purity, dryness, absence of mold, extraneous impurities and smells.

The greatest crop mushrooms will bring on wheat straw. On rye or barley they will also please abundance and rapid growth. Solol from oats for breeding mushrooms is better not to take. When growing an oyster, the sunflower husk can be used. It makes another requirement: it should be fresh. Forged husk - excellent nutrient medium for pathogens.

Mycelium or Mushroom Disputes?

The next step is the acquisition of a mushroom, which will serve as a material for sowing, seedy. In the scientific literature it is called mycelium. It is a basis containing many germinated mushroom spores. After the placement of mycelium into the nutrient substrate, he begins to grow actively. First, thin white threads are formed, which, as further developed, turn into mushrooms.

The basis of mycelium can be:

• rye grains;
• wooden bars;
• sawdust.

So that the experience of homemade mushrooms does not bring disappointment, you need to purchase high-quality planting material. Specialized shops will come to the rescue. The cost of wood with vissual mushroom disputes is higher than grain mycelium. But she has an important advantage - higher sustainability of landings to viral diseases.

On sale there are simply disputes of mushrooms. Of them, also get champignons or oysteries. This process will resemble the cultivation of any garden crop of seeds. Salting disputes will have to be patient, because time before harvesting will be much more. This method of breeding mushrooms will require a certain skill, which only practice allows. Therefore, it does not fit for beginners.

Nutrient preparation

The nutrient medium is prepared for sowing mycelium, sterilizing it. This is an important stage, which is impossible to skip. In fine straw or sawdust there may be pathogenic microorganisms that can destroy landings. In the process of sterilization, they will die. Conduct the procedure at home is not difficult. Filling with straw or sawdust heat-resistant bowl, fill in it water so that the material becomes raw. Then the dishes are placed in a microwave oven, turning it on maximum power. Heat the nutrient medium before evaporating excess water. Usually it takes about 2 minutes.

If a lot of straws or sawdust, sterilization is carried out by parties.

The productive use of mycelium implies its careful distribution in the nutrient medium. So the mushroom will give more harvest. In this stage, the disputes are important heat. It stimulates their growth. Therefore, the nutrient medium is heated with an electrical arm.

Some of the treated straw or sawdust are laying on a baking sheet or in a small but wide pan. Paving on the surface of the material of mycelium, it is slightly mixed with your fingers. The dishes with the nutrient medium are put on the electric furnace, installing its temperature at a mark of + 21 ° C. Then the design is put in reliably protected from light space. Ideal for this wardrobe. Holds mycelium in it for 3 weeks. During this time, it will spread in straw or sawdust.

Requirements for growing conditions

For the development of mushrooms, 3 conditions are needed:

1. high air humidity (in the region of 90-95%);
2. ventilation;
3. temperature mode.

If the incubation period of the mushrooms is carried in heat, then with the entry into the phase of growth, they begin to need coolness. Comfortable temperature at the level of +10 to + 15 ° C.

Therefore, the experience of homemade mushrooms in the apartment is unlikely to be successful. In the presence of a glazed balcony, you can put a sown mycelium on it. But to create a microclimate optimal for him there, there will have to make a lot of effort.

There is another factor to be taken into account, thinking about the breeding of mushrooms in the conditions of residential premises. Ripen, they are released in the air a lot of dispute. If inhalation, they can provoke a serious allergic reaction: cough, runny nose, tear. In the room where mushrooms grow, you need to be in a marry bandage, and better - in the respirator. A long daily inhalation of the dispute may cause asthma. It is worth noting that they throw them only completely ripe mushrooms. Usually, the harvest is cleaned earlier, not allowing their hats to grow. Highlighting the disputes, they begin to dry out and become unsuitable in food. The cultivation of mushrooms in the basement or premises of similar type (cellars, sheds, garages) will be more productive and safe.

After removing from the closet, the nutrient medium with a sown mycelium is sprinkled with a thin layer of soil and spray well splashes. Professionals advise to cover the planting capacity with a damp cloth, folded in several layers, or a towel. This will help to avoid rapid evaporation of water. Behind the condition of the mixture carefully follows, not allowing it to dry and overheating.

It will be possible to notice small mushrooms after 3 weeks. Their readiness for cutting is determined by hats. You can proceed to harvest when they finally get separated from the legs. Typical newcomer error - in an attempt to disrupt mushrooms with hands. At the same time, mycelium is often injured. The new mushrooms are damaged, which are still inside the nutrient mixture. To avoid this, the crop is cut by a sharp knife. The collected mushrooms can be prepared immediately or put in a paper bag, and it is in the refrigerator. The maximum storage time is 7 days.

Mushrooms on a tree

Some mushrooms (Boroviki, Shiitak, chanterelles, Reishi) are grown on wooden blanks - logs. They are blocked by the castlers in the sown mycel, which are made from birch. Get such a material is easy, it is on sale. The logs are cut from deciduous trees. Well suited for this poplar, maples, elms, oaks. The length of the workpieces should be 30-50 cm, and their diameter is 20-50 cm. They cut them in advance, no later than 2 weeks before the mixture of mycelium, since fresh wood has high antifungal properties.

The plugs are inserted into the holes that drill a drill to a depth of 5 cm without affecting the core of the log. Make them in a chess manner throughout the workpiece, retreating between them 10 cm. Sticks with mycelium compact. You can use the hammer for this.

Before starting work, the hand is thoroughly wash with soap. In the process, carefully monitor the garbage to the holes.

Then the logs are placed in a basement or another room where mushrooms are planned. Misselius will spread with birch traffic jams over time, completely settling the workpiece. When this happens, the germination of mushrooms will begin in a cracked logby. This process usually takes 9-12 months. It strongly influences the external conditions - the temperature and humidity of the air.

Alternative way

Practices of waste-free production prefer to use coffee thick for breeding mushrooms. It contains nitrogen, manganese, potassium, magnesium. In such a nutrient medium, mushrooms are rapidly developing, it is ideal for growing mad. Plus coffee cake in the fact that it does not need additional sterilization. Enough that he passed during brewing. But this method is not suitable for everyone. The reason is simple: mycelium can only be sown in fresh thick. It must be welded during the day. Getting such a volume of sleep coffee at home is not easy, but there is an output - ascertain the cake in the nearest cafeteria.

Next, you need to prepare a landing container. There are special durable bags made of geotextiles on sale. But it is possible to grow mushrooms in conventional packages for freezing or from under milk, as well as in boxes from ice cream. It is necessary to observe only 2 conditions: the packaging should be clean and roomy.

Mycelium evenly distribute on the surface of the coffee grounds, slightly interfling it in the cake. Make it with clean hands, washed with antibacterial soap. Severe sleeping coffee, it is put in the container or in the package and closed tightly. Then it is placed in a closet or under the sink. For germination, mushrooms need dark and heat (from +18 to + 25 ° C). In such conditions, the thick should go about 3 weeks.

When mycelium fell completely to her, she bother. Then the cake put in a bright place, in charge of it. At the top of the package, the hole is cut in size 5x5 cm. The nutrient medium is sprayed with water in the morning and in the evening. She should not dry, otherwise the crop does not get. After 5-7 days, small mushrooms will seem from the coffee cake. Grow they will be literally in front of her eyes. The main thing is not to forget about moisture. The Whismer Coffee Grounds can be planted on the plot, jumping into compost or bows.

Squirt mushrooms have become an indispensable ingredient for many dishes. They are added to salads, snacks, scrambled eggs, porridges, soups, roast, pilaf, stew, saltwood, sauces. They are well combined with meat, fish, liver, pasta, vegetables. Few people stand in front of cakes and other baking with a mushroom filling. Experiment with them in the kitchen can be infinite, opening all new and new taste combinations.

In the cultivation of mushrooms for a family or for sale there is nothing complicated. All they need is a comfortable environment: a nutrient medium, temperature, high humidity and ventilation. They do not have to pay a lot of attention. If you wish and the presence of a minimum of knowledge, it will not be difficult to succeed in homemade mushrooms.

The cultivation of mushrooms at home is the task, to take up which is at least once worth anyone who is interested in growing products for our own consumption. Mushrooms are a useful addition to any diet, because they contain few calories and fat, but a lot of fiber and potassium. In addition, they are easy to grow at home. Mushrooms are best grown in the room where it is easy to control the temperature and conditions. Knowing how to grow mushrooms at home, you can carefully manage the conditions for their cultivation.

Steps

Part 1

Select the type of mushrooms that you will grown. There are three types of mushrooms that are easiest to grow at home: oysteries, champignons and chitaki. Methods for growing these mushrooms are similar, but for each of them you need your perfect nutrient medium.

• Oyshemes are better grown in straw. Schitaki grow better on deciduous sawdust, and champignons - in the compost manure. These different nutrient media reflect the various needs of each type of nutrition. However, each of three species is fairly easy to grow in sawdust or straw.
• The choice of mushrooms for growing is a matter of taste. You need to grow those mushrooms that you like.

1. Buy fungouncing. Mushrooms are sawdust, penetrated by mushroom mycelium - essentially, the root structure of the mushroom. They are used as plant saplings to promote growth.

   • You can buy high-quality fungal in the online store, a horticultural or other special organic store.
   • Buy the mushrooms, and not disputes. Some stores also sell spores that are more like plant seeds (and not seedlings). The cultivation of mushrooms from the dispute requires more time and practice, and best suits the experienced mushroom.

2. Sterilize the nutrient medium. If you grow mushrooms in straw or sawdust, you must sterilize this substrate before sowing the mushrooms. This is done in order to kill any microorganisms that can compete with mycelium.

   • To sterilize the substrate of the medium, place it in a heat-resistant bowl and add enough water to the straw or sawdust become raw. Put a bowl into a microwave and warm it at high power for two minutes or until the water is popped.
   • Heat will kill all microorganisms, securing the nutrient medium for the adoption of mycelium. Perhaps you have to work in parties to sterilize completely all straw or sawdust.

3. Heat the substrate to spread mycelium in it. Mycelium needs to be carefully distributed in a nutrient medium so that mushrooms began to grow. Warm temperature stimulates growth.

   Put the substrate in the appropriate place. After three weeks, put the substrate into a dark and cool place (about 13 ° C). As a rule, for this, a basement or cellar is suitable, but in winter a closet is suitable or a box in an unheated room.

   • If you have noticed a green or brown spots on the substrate (like on moldy bread), remove these sections and throw away.
   • Pour a handful of soil on the substrate and spray everything with enough water to thoroughly moisten. It is possible to cover the baking sheet with a wet towel to prevent the loss of moisture.
   • You can accommodate next to the opposite lamp of weak heating. It will replace the sun, and the mushrooms will stretch to her and grow upwards that in the future will facilitate their collection.
   • While the mushrooms grow, the mixture should remain wet and cool. Periodically check it and spray with water as needed.
   • Mushrooms prefer coolness. The most important thing is not to give them overheat. At temperatures below 21 ° C, the mushrooms should grow perfectly.

4. Collect the harvest when the mushrooms are completely growing. About three weeks later you will have small mushrooms. Support humidity, coolness and dimming to contribute to their growth.

   • When mushroom caps are completely separated from their legs, they can be collected. You can tear the mushrooms with your fingers, but you risk damageing newly developing mushrooms under the surface. Better use a sharp knife to cut the mushrooms at the bottom of the leg.
   • Before cooking mushrooms you need to rinse. The collected mushrooms can be stored in a paper package in the refrigerator to seven days.

   Part 2

   Growing mushrooms on coffee grounds

   1. Get coffee thick. Growing mushrooms from coffee grounds is an interesting project with reusing coffee grounds, which would otherwise go to waste. Coffee mushroom is an excellent nutrient medium for mushrooms (in particular, oyster), since it is already sterilized in the process of coffee welding and full of nutrients.

      • For 500 g of mushrooms you will need 2.5 kg of fresh coffee grounds. The best way to get such a number of fresh coffee grounds (boiled on the same day) is to go to the cafe and kindly ask. Most likely, you will be happy to give her.

   2. Find a container for mushrooms. It is best to use a special package with a filter that can be purchased with mushrooms. If it is not, you can use a large sealed package for freezing, a purely washed cardboard package from under milk or a box of ice cream with four holes, punctured on the sides.

      Transfer the fungne to the container. Wash hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap, then interfere with the fungouncing into the coffee thickness, breaking it with your hands for uniform distribution. Put the snowy coffee grip into a plastic bag or container and tightly seal it.

      Place the fungouncing in the appropriate environment. Put the package or container into a warm dark place with a temperature of 18 to 25 ° C, for example, under the sink. Leave approximately three or four weeks until the content becomes completely white due to mycelium that settled the coffee thickness.

      • If green or brown spots appear on the substrate, cut them out to be subsequently not to choose.

   3. Move mushrooms. When the contents of the package or container becomes completely white, move it into a bright place (but not under the right sun rays) and cut the hole with a hole 5x5 cm. Moisturize the contents of the container, watering it twice a day to prevent drying - mushrooms will not grow in too Dry conditions.

Fresh mushrooms on the table all year round? Why not! Many gardeners have long been growing culture at home and tall natural, crispy and low-calorie products. Even newcomers can cultivate mushrooms at home. Important criteria in this business are high-quality seeds, myceliums and conditions for landing and growing.

Skillful gardeners shared the secrets of mushrooms and told how to achieve a productive result.

Basics of homemade mushrooms

Not all kinds of fungi are suitable for room accommodation, with the exception of winter. Their compact size allows you to breed a culture directly on the windowsill, and unpretentiousness makes this process very simple.

In addition, it is possible to raise the harvest of oyster and champignons at home. But for them, more serious conditions and individual rooms will be required.

The breeding of mushrooms includes:

• Suitable room.
• Optimal conditions - temperature, humidity and lighting.
• Types of mycelium.
• Quality seeds and disputes.
• Growing and container technology.
• Type of culture.

Before breeding, it is necessary to determine the type of plants and the method of cultivation, the choice of premises and the creation of favorable conditions depends on this. Each type of mushrooms requires a certain temperature of air, humidity and maturation time. Therefore, the selection of varieties should be approached very seriously.

Types of "room" mushrooms

Most often in household production uses the most popular types of mushrooms that do not require special trepidation and hassle when growing in a garden area or indoors. It can be wood or soil varieties, namely:

1. 1. Weights - grow well at + 16-20 degrees in a specially equipped room (continuous fruiting) or in natural conditions - in the garden (the period of fruiting is only 1 season). Harvesting occurs in 25-40 days. Suitable for beginners.
2. 2. Champignons - are considered the most cost-type of mushrooms at the initial stage. For cultivation, a substrate with a large supply of nutrients, high-quality mycelium and conditions are created for growth: good ventilation with maintaining air temperature +12 degrees and 80% humidity, each day multiple lighting, but for a short time. Champignons are approximately 30-40 days.
3. 3. Shiitake - well shown well in deciduous sawdust. PVC bags are filled with large sawdust of deciduous trees, suspended for hooks or installed on pallets. On the surface of the bag make holes through which condensate comes out. Watering - 1 time per day. Growing technology is suitable for oyster and shiitake, only the crop of the latter will have to wait much longer.
4. 4. White mushrooms, like champignons, love the compost humidum with a large nitrogen content and high humidity (at least 90%), air temperature + 8-12 degrees, as "whims" is needed daily illumination with scattered, inadequate light for a short time. Really grow white mushrooms in the garden, but harvesting seasonal.

Champignon

White mushroom

All these treats can be purchased at the store at any time of the year, but homemade and grown with love and trepidation are much tasty.

Methods of growing

Growing methods are divided into several categories and determine the productivity of the crop and its volumes. Some of them are suitable for home production, while others for business.

• The extensive method helps to produce a culture for home use: cooking, drying or preservation in medium volumes. In this case, the mushrooms grow in the garden or in the country, in a place suitable for them with high humidity and shadow, harvest is small and seasonal. The advantages of this method are in low-cost and simplicity to maintain moisture and selection of a suitable stump or substrate. Minus - the risk of lack of harvest with bad weather conditions (cold or severe heat).
• The intensive method lies in the equipment of special premises for growing industrial purposes or relieving the crop regardless of the year. Minus method - in investment and creating the necessary requirements for the growth of mushrooms.

Optimal conditions and premises for growing

Deciding with the type of mushrooms and the method of their cultivation, it is worth creating a favorable environment for the development of mushrooms. First of all, you need to find a place or room. If the landing is carried out in the garden, you should choose a plot protected from direct sunlight with the necessary humidity and optimal temperature. Detailed information is offered courses for novice mushrooms.

As a premises for growing mushrooms, you can choose a basement, a cellar or another building suitable for the following requirements:

• The presence of ventilation.
• The ability to maintain a certain temperature of air and humidity (if necessary, install the heater).
• Spacious for placing racks with drawers or bags.
• Additional lighting.
• Zone for processing raw materials and storage of the crop (preferably protected by partition).

For cultivation, you can accommodate a greenhouse, equipping it with a heater.

Necessary materials

In addition to the room, mycelium (mushroom, seeds), substrate and containers for germination are required.

Mycelium is a root system or germinated mushroom seeds that are placed in a nutrient medium for future growth and harvest. Mushroom can be purchased on the Internet, in a nursery or specialized store. She looks like a layer of sawdust infected with mushroom disputes.

Boxes (for champignons) are most often used as a tank (for champignons), plastic bags (for oyster) and logs of trees (for oyster and shiitake). The basement make metal racks, on which the containers or bags with mycelium are distributed. And for the convenience of mushrooms, it is recommended to isolate the work surface area by a partition for processing, cleaning and storing the harvest assembled.

Selection of substrate for landing

Together with the purchase of mycelium, it is necessary to purchase a substrate in which "Mushroom seedlings" will multiply. For each type of mushrooms, a certain habitat is suitable. For example, champignons and white mushrooms grow well in a compost, oysteries - in straw, and Shiitake - in wood sawdust.

The substrate can be purchased ready for polyethylene bags or prepare on their own. As a nutrient mixture for champignons, you will need:

• Any manure.
• Rye or wheat straw (fresh and roasted in the oven from pests and fungi).
• Mineral components (chalk, urea, agriculture, superphosphate, meat-point flour or gypsum).

All ingredients should be fresh, otherwise the harmful microflora will simply destroy the harvest or will develop much stronger than seedlings. The best substrate for oyster is wheat straw or sunflower husk (the most fresh). A good crop will be from rye or barley straw, but from oatmeal - not very.

Solol or sawdust sterilize to remove pathogenic viruses and diseases. This can be done in conventional kitchen microwave. The crushed straw is placed in the bulk ceramic container and poured with water for impregnation, after which they are sent to the oven for drying.

After processing the substrate in the container (basque, a bowl, a pan, box), it is mixed with a straw and mycelium, mixed, warm up at a temperature of +21 degrees and put in a dark place for 3 weeks.

For 21 days, the born myceliums are put in a cool place (cellar) for ripening and harvesting. As needed, the mixture is moisturized, but it is worth avoiding the convergence. The first collection will appear after 2.5-3 weeks. The mushroom is considered suitable for cutting when the hat is fully formed and separated from the leg.

Mushrooms on a tree

You can grow mushrooms not only in the nutrient substrate, but also on the trunk of the deciduous tree, cutting the day of the week ago. For this method, a suitable deck (poplar, oak, elm, maple) and birch plugs infected with mycelium are required (such available). On the log poured holes with a depth of 5 cm in a checkerboard order and clog their corks, in which there are already disputes of mushrooms. The distribution occurs throughout the surface of the log, the distance between traffic jams should be at least 10-15 cm.

When carrying out this procedure, it is worth being as accurate and adhere to hygiene: thoroughly wash your hands with soap and disinfection tools (hammer, drill drill). When blocking holes, you need to monitor so that there are no garbage in the plots.

Gradually, from birch blanks, mycelium will spread throughout the log, and mushrooms are formed on cracks. It will take from 9 to 12 months. The prepared log is placed in the basement with optimal conditions and the necessary humidity.

Coffee Human As Ground

With high antifungal actions, the coffee grounds can also be used as a substrate for the extension of the mushroom culture. After thermal processing (welding of the coffee drink), it is ready for use. Only fresh portion of ground grains is suitable. At home, such a number of thickness is unlikely to be collected, but you can solve the problem, asking waste in the nearest coffee shop.

The humus contains a large number of trace elements necessary for the growth of mushrooms: manganese, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, etc. As a tank, a regular package for freezing products is suitable in which holes should be done. Such a soil is good for growing weak, the rest of the cultures is not suitable.

For the extension of mycelium mixed with a thick and placed in a package that is stored 25-30 days in a dark, but warm room. When the substrate believes, they do a pair of holes on the package. Through them are spraying. From there, the first mushrooms will appear.

Deservedly and on full right is considered a reference for other fungi. He looks attractive - with a meaty brown hat on a white puzzle leg, and his taste is gorgeous. With frying, white mushrooms make a special, nut aroma. The name of your own - the White - Mushroom received for the fact that the incision does not get dark during drying and cooking, while maintaining a juicy, appetizing structure. And today we will consider the cultivation of white mushrooms at home and not only.

White Mushroom: Description

Almost everywhere, white mushroom is also called Borovik. And his name is called the bear, Belovik, the cooler. No matter how none called this forest handsome on numerous corners of Russia, it always looks different:

1. Borovic hat painted in brown. The bulge of its own changes with the age of mushroom. From a half-cylindrical form in a small mushroom, it gradually makes a transition to almost flat, about 20 cm in diameter, an adult hat of an adult mushroom.
2. The leg is always white, with characteristic brownish vertical streaks. Initially, it has a barrel shape, and as farming it stretches into a dense, powerful cylinder.

Now you can visually distinguish a white mushroom (you received a description) from other forest fungi.

Varieties of white mushrooms

The white mushroom has a lot of forms, and their varieties depend on trees, under which the mushroom grows and in symbiosis with whom it comes:

1. Pine shape, perhaps, the most colorful of has a hand of a beautiful brown and a leg with a slightly purple tint, slightly thickened below.
2. A spruce form is the most common in the middle lane of Russia. The hat has a brown-reddish, with stains and rods along the edge. The leg of the barrel-shaped, covered to the middle of a shallow meshe.
3. Oak shape - strong white mushrooms having elastic brown hats with a grayish tint.
4. Dark-bronze form - the name speaks for itself. Dark, wrinkled hats; Legs - browned.

Borovikov growing on the shaded areas, the lightest coloring of the Hats. And in their fellow who grew up in the sun, a rich-brown top. Does not endure highly shaded and suede places. For example, in the deaf bore will not grow. And chooses comfortable slightly shaded or sunny places.

Grow mushrooms at the cottage

If the mushroom comes back from the forest with a full basket of Borovikov, it means that he walked for mushrooms not in vain. Many wonder whether the cultivation of mushrooms is possible in the country, in order to admire the beautiful landscape, and, of course, is guaranteed to have a rare product to the table. Yes, the cultivation of the king of fungi in the conditions of the garden site is quite possible, although not quite easy lesson. It is necessary to know the subtleties and features of the breeding of this pending forest stronger, but as a result of stubborn works near your country house, the first white mushrooms will grow.

So, growing mushrooms in the country. It will not be possible to achieve results with ease because the white mushroom belongs to the group of mycorrhoids, which speaks of their debt and very difficult blows and intertwining with the roots of trees, under which they live. It is very complex and vital for fungi symbiosis. Without a tree, it is more precise to say its roots, the so-called fungocornary will not be able to form and the fruit growing on the surface will not. Therefore, we will grow white mushrooms on the bare site, alas, it will not work.

An old and well-proven method of cultivation - in the territory where trees aged ten to thirty years are growing. White mushroom sires under the pine, fir tree, oak, birch, beech. Compliance of tree breeds when replanting the mushrooms is necessary. The larger the conditions of the country plantation of Borovikov with their forest finding, the greater the chances that they successfully come down.

White mushrooms at home

If you wish, you can master the cultivation of mushrooms at home, having studied the accumulated experience of scientists from Holland. With the help of the technologies recommended by them, you can grow product in greenhouses and affected cellars.

Breeding plantation at an intensive method, namely, it is taken to armared at home, has its difficulties. One of them is considerable investments, the purchase of equipment to ensure the necessary temperature and humidity in the room. But the benefits of such a growing method are considerable - fertility throughout the season and good anticipation rate. For productive breeding indoors, it is recommended to use cultivation from mycelium.

Requirements for landing materials

The planting material is desirable to acquire from suppliers with recommendations, carefully examine all the source of the mushrooms specified on the label. It is very important to pay attention to the smell and color of mycelium. With a weak ammonium smell, immediately scold the batch of planting material - it was overheated and is now unsuitable. The color of a healthy exudate is orange with a light yellow.

Bringing home packaging with bought mycelium, you need to cool them, ventilate them and only then start training before booking. The contents of the packages are crushed without taking the packaging. Thereby support gentle and adapting temperature regime for future mushrooms. When bookmark, sterility is very important:

• it is necessary to work in gloves;
• premises for the cultivation of white mushrooms and laying mycelium must be separate;
• opening the package, it is necessary to process the disinfectant solution.

Technology growing mushrooms

To complete the topic of the previous paragraph, we will begin with the methodology of the harvest at home. So, growing mushrooms at home. Here are the main stages of the work in the room:

1. Boil in bags for 1-1, 5 hours and subsequent cooling of the substrate. (Bags for draining water to force).
2. Mixing mycelium and substrate on disinfected tables. The presence of domestic material should be at the level of 5%, and imported - 2.5%.
3. Bookmark mixes in bags. Tightly tamme the graft substrate in bags, flatten one of the parties and make several cuts for germination of mushrooms.
4. Bags to position on the shelves vertically. Watering the usual, without strong overvailing. Road air definitely.
5. If the care was correct, the crop of fungi can be collected at least six months.

This is how white mushrooms are growing at home. Yes, quite difficult, but it is worth it.

Growing methods in the garden plot

The cultivation of white mushrooms at home is straightely different from growing on the household site. But first things first.

For breeding white mushrooms in the site Pre-prepare the place of bookmarks of the Mushrooms. A compost or earth with peat is stacked on a pre-removed shovel of the top layer of the soil. Place the planting material, cover the top with a layer of Run.

The most effective options for the workpiece of the seed material - bring a few pieces of the mushroom with a chicken egg from the forest. Such blanks are planted into the soil without processing, it is important only to comply with at least two conditions:

1. Trees, under which Boroviki grew in nature, should be one breed with plants at a new landing site.
2. Materials need to dig up very carefully - white mushrooms are seriously growing with roots and restore communication with the satellite tree.

Sowing forest mushrooms

How to grow white mushrooms if it is not possible to get high quality

A very good effect gives the method of sowing a mushroom with a hat and a tubular piece of white mushroom. There are 5-6 mature hats, you can even with worms, and soak on a day in a bucket of water. Then the contents are warm up with hands. The thick is separated into another container. The thick mass is the body of the mushroom, and it will also come in handy. The remaining liquid with a large number of spores spill the bare roots of the tree, then everything is covered with a layer of a thick mushroom substance and topped with a previously removed soil. It is necessary to carefully pour the fungouncing and produce the subsequent watering once a week in the absence of rains.

Now you know the cultivation of white mushrooms at home, and in the garden plot, where, with the correct observance of all technologies, you can get the crop of Borovka from the first time after a year. Good luck!