The future is now: an overview of electronic door locks. Electric lock on the door Electromechanical mortise lock on the door

In pursuit of safety and quality of doors, electronic locks have recently entered the market. Such devices guarantee the safety of any room. The electronic lock on the front door has many advantages over its predecessors and has already gained confidence in many homes in the country.

Electromagnetic Electromechanical Combined
Biometric Invisible

According to the principle of operation of the mechanism, locking electronic structures are classified as follows:

electromagnetic;
electromechanical;
combined;
biometric;
invisible.

It is customary to use electromagnetic mechanisms at such facilities where there is a lot of traffic, or it is necessary to provide for the possibility of opening the door in the event of an emergency power outage. They can be installed in buildings where electricity is not provided. Usually they are used on the doors of emergency entrances, warehouses and other similar premises.

Electromechanical are installed on gates and entrances. This type of lock can be opened in several ways: with a key, electric drive or using a secret code.

Combined systems are considered the most common. These devices are opened with electronic keys or with a special card. Mechanisms of this type are the safest and most reliable.

Biometric locking devices are high-tech mechanisms that work by reading information from hands and fingers. Such devices are installed in places that require a high degree of protection. They are convenient for their practicality, because when using them, keys and other additional items that tend to get lost are not needed.

One of the most reliable types of locking mechanisms is invisible. To determine where it is, you need a special device. Therefore, it is impossible to open the door with such a lock. The mechanism is controlled remotely.

The principle of operation of electronic locks

Depending on the type of mechanism, each design has its own system of work:

The electronic magnetic mechanism works with the help of a powerful electromagnet. It attracts a metal plate that is attached to the door. When the sash is closed, an electric current flows to the magnet, which creates a strong magnetic field. This field keeps the metal plate on the door as long as there is electricity. To open the door, you must press the button. It turns off the current supply, then the magnetic field disappears and moves away from the metal doors.

According to their design, electromagnetic doors are distinguished, which open to separation and to shift. On the canvas, magnets are attached in an overhead or mortise way. Most often, overhead mechanisms are used that work on separation. They serve and work longer, regardless of climatic conditions.

The electromechanical lock for the front door structure works with the help of a bolt, which moves as a result of applying voltage to the solenoid. When the door is closed, the main bolt moves and compresses the spring. At the same time, the bolt enters the lock part, and the door becomes locked. During the opening of the door, the voltage is transferred to the solenoid, which removes the latch that holds the bolt on the spring. This type of device can also be opened with a key.

Combined locking structures combine several types of mechanisms. Their principle of operation is based on which devices have been selected for use. It is impossible to open such a structure without knowing how all the previous latches on the door open.

The principle of operation of a biometric lock is that it scans a fingerprint or hand. After that, the scanned print is compared with the previously stored sample. If everything is correct, then the door opens successfully.

Invisible locking devices operate on the basis of an electric motor and a gearbox that regulate the opening and closing of the bolt. They are in the door in an unknown place for others. To open the doors, you must use the remote control from this device. It works at a distance of 1 to 10 meters.

Advantages and disadvantages

Consider the main advantages of electronic locks:

Reliability is the main advantage of such devices. These mechanisms are difficult to open to attackers. Such devices do not require additional protection, because the mechanism that works in the lock is already a guarantee of security.
The absence of moving parts in designs of electromechanical, biometric and invisible types contributes to the durability of use.
Practicality and convenience. Some electronic locks can be opened from a distance or without the use of any objects. This avoids the loss of keys or the situation when they disappeared at the most inopportune moment.
Profitability. Door locking mechanisms of electronic type consume a minimum amount of electricity, thereby combining ergonomics and reliability.
Electromagnetic locks do not depend on weather conditions, so they can be used in places that are influenced by nature. Thanks to this property, you should not worry that the devices will fail due to rain or frost.
Electromechanical structures do not need a constant supply of electricity. Thus, they become very economical. To operate such devices, a battery is enough, which is changed once a year.
Biometric devices have a number of advantages. Indeed, in addition to the main function, they have a backlight, a notification function that the door is not closed, and their own alarm system that notifies of a burglary attempt.

Flaws:

The main disadvantage of most electronic locks is their dependence on electricity consumption. While in the case of electromechanical devices, a battery can be installed to power it, then in other door locks there will be difficulties when there is no electricity.
Installation electronic type door mechanisms are a very expensive pleasure. It will be difficult for a non-specialist to perform the installation on their own.
Everything electric locks, except electromagnetic, are affected by water and frost. To protect the device, it is necessary to put a visor or canopy over it. In the case when the doors are indoors, this drawback will not become a hindrance.
Installed the biometric mechanism may not work if there are cuts on the hand or finger or if it is dirty. To prevent such situations, it is necessary to enter several variants of scans into the device's memory.

Recommendations of specialists for the operation of electronic locks

In order for the electronic locking mechanism to work for a long time and smoothly, the following recommendations should be followed:

you need to protect your electromechanical or biometric lock from water and condensate;
do not use electromechanical devices in offices, as they wear out quickly;
when choosing an electronic lock for the entrance doors, you should take care of the possibility of connecting it to an autonomous power source. This will save you from unforeseen circumstances.

Installation of an electronic lock

To install an electric lock on a door with your own hands, you need to go through two stages.

The first step is to choose a lock that is suitable for the front doors. In this case, you need to consider what the door is made of, where it is located, and what degree of protection is needed in this case.

Experts say that you need to consider the door leaf and the locking mechanism together. After all, everything should fit together. The front door will be different from the design that is installed in a country house, so the electric lock in each case will be different, this must be taken into account. The second step to installing a door lock is to prepare the necessary tools.

The designs of electric locks themselves have two types of installation: invoice and mortise. The first type is installed on the door leaf without damaging it. Mortise ones are placed inside the canvas.

Overhead electronic lock

To install an overhead electronic lock on the front door with your own hands, you must:

Prepare a marker, tape measure, pencil, electric drill and screwdriver.
Make a markup where it is supposed to install an electromagnetic lock on the door;
In the marked places with the help of an electric drill, it is necessary to make holes for fastening. They must match the diameter of the mounting bolts.
Next, you need to drill a through hole, through which the device case and the reading mechanism will be connected.
In the marked place, the mechanism body is installed and fixed.
Next, the striker plate is installed.
The reader is installed.

Mortise electronic lock

This process is a little more complicated because it is necessary to drill niches for the body and lath in the door leaf and jamb. Consider the installation process step by step:

For convenience, you need to remove the door from the hinges.
Mark the size of the niche to be cut. It should be slightly larger than the body of the castle;
Next, a niche is cut.
When the hole is ready, it is cleaned and bumps are removed.
The last step is to directly install the electronic lock in a niche and fix it with fasteners.

How to connect an electric lock

After the installation of the lock on the front door is completed, it must be connected. In most cases, the device comes with instructions and a diagram for connecting an electric lock, which will help you quickly and without errors to connect it.

But it is better to install an electric lock by professionals, this guarantees not only time, but also the functional reliability of the mechanism, eliminates damage that may occur due to incorrect connection.

The electric lock on the front door is a reliable protector of the premises. The advantages of these devices make our lives much easier.

Sections of the article:

A high-quality and reliable locking mechanism for the front door is one of the most important elements in ensuring the security of a private house or apartment. The electronic door lock has recently become widespread and gained popularity among consumers. Such a mechanism can be located in any part of the perimeter of the door block, which allows you to hide its location from intruders. In addition, the electronic lock is not equipped with a keyhole.

As a rule, such locking mechanisms are opened using a plastic card, electronic key fobs or a personal code of the home owners. In addition, there are models of electronic locks that can only be opened using the owner's fingerprint.

Features, benefits, prospects

The main advantages of electronic door locks are ease of use and efficiency in protecting your home from burglars. The greatest reliability can be achieved in combination with such a locking mechanism and a high-quality metal front door. There are two types of electronic locks: electromechanical and electric, equipped with a magnetic carrier.

In addition to private country houses and city apartments, such locks are used on the front doors at checkpoints in office buildings or institutions. In addition, they can be effectively used in warehouses. Such locks are mortise in the door leaf and overhead.

It should be emphasized that it is almost impossible to crack such locking mechanisms. Even if such a lock is damaged or broken, then after that it will not work to open the door itself. The lock will lock and stop functioning. It will be possible to open a failed such mechanism only by using special professional tools. It will be by the way to say that such a feature of electronic door locks is both an advantage and a disadvantage. On the one hand, they cannot be opened to intruders, on the other hand, if the lock breaks, the owner of the premises will not be able to enter or exit it without the help of specialists from special services to open the doors.

Another advantage of electronic locks is that some models are equipped with so-called artificial intelligence. This refers to the presence in the design of the mechanism of time sensors that allow you to record when the visit was made to the premises. In addition, such locks can be programmed to implement various additional functions.

Electronic locks have a long service life and are rated as more reliable than other types of locking mechanisms. Despite a significant number of advantages, such mechanisms also have a number of disadvantages:

Insufficient resistance of electronic microcircuits inside the structure to mechanical damage;
The probability of failure in the operation of electronics due to a difference in atmospheric pressure indicators;
The presence in some models of the function of opening and closing with a password. This code can be forgotten by the owner of the premises or seen by a potential intruder.

The last drawback can be leveled by contacting specialists who are able to program the electronic lock to work with a new secret combination.

Types of electronic locks

To date, the range of electronic locks is represented by several main types. An electronic locking mechanism that opens with a plastic card is used, as a rule, on doors in hotels, cottages and office buildings. This type of locks is quite reliable and protects the premises from unauthorized access.

The electromechanical lock on the door can be opened in three ways. The first of these involves the use of keys and an electric drive mechanism. Such locks can be opened in the immediate vicinity of the door and at some distance. In addition, such locking mechanisms are opened using a secret combination. This is the so-called digital lock. Often, electromechanical locks are used on gates or put on the door of entrances.

Combination locking mechanisms are devices equipped with an electronic key. This type of locks is the most widespread today. Such devices are opened by a pair of keys or plastic cards and are the most reliable type of electronic locking systems. A feature of combined electronic locks is the inability to open them with only one of the keys. Only with the consistent use of all the opening devices provided for by the design of the system will it be possible to get inside the room or building.

The biometric electric lock on the front door can only be opened using the fingerprint of the hand, under which the locking mechanism is programmed. Such a system functions with the help of a sensor program for reading information. The absolute advantage of such locks is that the owner of the premises or building does not need to remember the secret combination or carry plastic cards and keys with them.

Invisible electronic locks are hidden from prying eyes and it is simply impossible to find them on the door leaf without the use of special equipment. The process of opening and closing the locking mechanism is carried out using the rotation of the crossbar, which is driven by a gearbox and an electric motor. This design of the lock increases the security and reliability of the front door, contributes to its effective locking. The basis of invisible locking systems is a powerful deadbolt, the location of which an attacker simply cannot know. In the design of such a lock, there are no keyholes and no user interface. It unlocks at a distance of 1 to 10 meters.

It will be by the way to say that the electric lock on the front door can be installed independently with your own hands. First of all, this applies to overhead models, because in this case there is no need to embed the mechanism in the door. The advantages of electronic locks have already been appreciated by the owners of offices, warehouses, government agencies and industrial organizations. In addition, the great popularity of such mechanisms can be observed among the owners of private houses and city apartments.

Today, there are many models of electronic locks on the market of various price categories. The cost of such products depends on a number of factors. For example, the price of an electronic lock is affected by the ability of the device to synchronize with a mobile phone, the presence or absence of a display and keyboard, the range of remote opening, and the number of bolts. In addition, the cost of electronic locks depends on the connection to the general security system, the presence of an audible alarm about the battery discharge, the reliability of the lock and the resistance to an attempt to disable the device.

Operating principle

Electronic locks close the door with a bolt. To open the locking mechanism with a plastic card, the sensor must read information from it upon contact. Such cards are included with electronic locks and cannot be counterfeited. In addition, using a plastic card from another similar locking device will not work - they are not compatible.

When unlocking the electronic lock, you must press the door handle. At this moment, the spring is compressed and exerts pressure on the bolt, as a result of which the door opens. When the door leaf is closed, the reverse process occurs, that is, the spring is weakened and the bolt, releasing, is fixed between the leaf and the door frame. The bolt is controlled by electronic magnets or solenoids.

It should be emphasized that locks using solenoid control respond faster to a signal, so it is advisable to install them on entrance doors with several opening phases. When working with such systems, there is no need for keys. As a rule, they are equipped with a reading sensor and a plastic card.

It should be noted that when using electronic door locks, the opening speed is significantly increased compared to traditional mechanical locks with keys. In addition, the service life of a quality electronic locking system is practically unlimited. This is due to the less influence of corrosion and the rarity of failure. The structural elements of such locks almost never jam.

There are several signal sources that the electronic lock on the door receives as a command to set the deadbolt in motion. So, it can be a plastic magnetic card, a contact memory sensor, a barcode or a biometric sensor. In addition, such a signal comes from the keypad for dialing the code located on the lock itself, the key fob or the remote control. Also noteworthy are fluorescent combinatorial molecular sensors. The last type of sensors appeared relatively recently and is not currently widely used in domestic use.

Is it safe to use such a lock?

It should be noted that most models of electronic door locks operate on a 220V electrical network, but the current strength may vary. This nuance must be taken into account when purchasing a power supply. Security experts recommend adding at least one more locking mechanism to an electronic door lock to increase reliability. At the same time, the principle of operation and the design of the second and any other lock should differ from those of the main device.

It is important to emphasize that the electronic combination lock on the front door is equipped with a rechargeable battery, which is able to provide some time for the operation of the device even in the absence of a permanent electrical supply. When the battery is low, a notification will be sent to the mobile phone of the owner of the premises via SMS or an audible signal will sound.

Do not forget that even such reliable and progressive locking systems need periodic maintenance. This will extend the life of the electronic lock, increase the quality characteristics of its operation and, accordingly, protect the property of the owner of the premises. By the way, the use of electronic locks on the front doors often confuses intruders who are used to seeing traditional mechanical products in front of them. This can save valuable time and prevent break-ins and theft. In conclusion, it is worth noting that installing a high-quality electric lock on the front door is a progressive solution. A door with such a locking system will become a reliable barrier to intruders.

The lock on the front door must remain reliable and durable. At the same time, a high degree of ease of use is also desirable. Classical mechanical structures have several difficulties with this moment, since a key and the direct presence of a person next to the keyhole are required to open. An alternative would be an electric lock on the door, which can be integrated into centralized access control systems, controlled remotely, which is convenient for owners of an apartment or house.

Device principle

The most common designs with an electromechanical lock. It is fundamentally similar to the usual one, and the main difference is the control of the mechanical system of the electrical component. To activate the latter, one of the following options can be used:

keyboard code;
key;
magnetic card;
button on the control panel.

As soon as the electronic device receives a signal, the lock is unlocked. This design provides the following benefits:

independence of the system from the availability of electricity (this is a big drawback of conventional electromagnetic structures);
the ability to open an electric lock in the "classic way" when it is fierce;
ease of implementation of an electric locking mechanism in the smart home control system.

Types of electric constipation

Locking mechanisms can be classified according to the principle of device and action. The first parameter implies the division of electric locks into two groups:

Overhead, which are installed on the door leaf, do not require its opening. Another advantage is the presence of a forced opening device, which is important in the absence of power supply.
Mortise electric locks can be connected to the intercom, allow you to install additional deadbolts to increase the reliability of the entire structure.

The principle of operation of the electric lock determines the method of locking and unlocking the locking mechanism. According to this parameter, all options are divided into three groups:

electromagnetic;
electromotive;
electromechanical.

Electromagnetic lock

The principle of operation of an electromagnetic lock is based on a powerful magnet and a winding, with the help of which a counter metal plate is held. This ensures low cost and high reliability. Such systems are not afraid of moisture, which allows them to be used as locking mechanisms on the gate or the front door to the entrance, office building. Among the disadvantages of electromagnetic locks, it is worth noting the need for a constant supply of electricity to keep the door in the closed position. Another disadvantage of these systems is the residual magnetization, which creates additional resistance to opening. Ideally, this parameter should not exceed 1-2 kg, which will allow the child to use the door.

When the power supply is cut off, the lock will automatically open, so it is important to provide an additional power source.

Electromechanical

A feature of this type is its design as close as possible to the "classic" version. Inside the body of the locking mechanism there is a key cylinder and a system of levers that can be actuated by a small electromagnet. This design allows you to open the door from the outside with a key, and from the inside with an intercom or a button located on the body.

electromotive

Constipation of this design remains the closest relative of electromechanical. The main difference is the use of an electric motor as a drive source, and not a magnet. To increase the durability of such a lock, there is a soft opening system, which reduces the load on the drive. The higher complexity of these locking mechanisms determines their high cost, which must be taken into account when choosing.

What to look for when choosing

There are hundreds of models of electric locks for entrance doors and gates on the market today, so it is important to know the following points when choosing a specific option:

Place of installation. Mortise locks are usually placed on entrance doors, but a more affordable, but no less reliable, laid on electromagnetic street lock is suitable for a gate.

The magnitude of the load "on separation"(the moment is relevant for electromagnetic locks). For light interior doors, this parameter can be in the range of 150 kg, for standard entrance doors weighing up to 100 kg, the “tearing off” load should already be 300-500 kg, and for heavy structures it should already be more than a ton.

Control method. By default, the magnetic lock connection scheme provides for the possibility of its remote control. For this, integration into the overall “smart home” system can be used or unlocking can be provided by pressing a button on the lock remote control.

Can be used without power supply. In the event of a power failure, individual variants can automatically unlock or, conversely, block the electric lock. To prevent this, it is necessary to provide for the possibility, depending on the specific case, of having backup power, opening the lock with a key, and so on.

Manufacturer. Today, the market offers a wide range of manufacturers of electromagnetic locks, among which the most popular are the following:

ISEO (an Italian company whose locks can be opened with an ordinary key);
CISA (a feature of the company's products in special coded keys supplied with a sealed lock);
Mingyang (a Taiwanese brand offers electric locks for doors that open inward and outward, which are guaranteed to work at temperatures not lower than 10 degrees below zero, which must be taken into account when choosing).

Video

Installation

If you have the proper skills, installing a magnetic lock on the gate or an electric locking mechanism on the front door does not take more than 2-3 hours. Installation usually takes place with the help of a T-shaped corner connecting the frame and the profile. To do this, pre-marked places for drilling mounting holes. This must be done very accurately and carefully to prevent subsequent improvements. After drilling the mounting holes, it is necessary to equip the frame with channels for the electrical cable, which will pass from the door leaf into the frame profile. This cable is required for power supply and connection to the intercom for remote control of the locking mechanism.

If you plan to connect an intercom electric lock to the control system, you must additionally purchase a connecting cable. As the latter, you can use a twisted pair or a special combined conductor that can simultaneously transmit video, sound and electricity. A feature of such cables is the presence of several flexible conductors of different colors at once, one of which has a copper braid.

Intercom connection

To connect a video intercom to a gate, you need to focus on the colors and numbers of the terminal contacts, which are almost always on the entry panel and the intercom itself. It is also important to provide a separate power supply for the lock. Here, for all its simplicity, you should not use a video intercom as a source because of the risk of various malfunctions. When choosing a power supply, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the locking mechanism itself.

an example of a video intercom connection diagram

A definite recommendation would be to pre-install the power supply and connect the intercom to the lock "on the table" before installation. This will allow you to immediately check the performance of the system, and if there are problems, quickly make adjustments by understanding the connection process.

Advantages and disadvantages

The increasing distribution of electric locks on entrance doors and gates is due to the following advantages:

maximum comfort for residents of houses, due to the ability to open doors remotely;
high reliability of systems due to the absence of rubbing elements, relative simplicity of design;
increased difficulty in forging magnetic cards and keys;
resistance to low temperatures, moisture and other external conditions;
easy integration of locks into an access control system of any complexity.

At the same time, electric locks are unlikely to completely replace traditional mechanical designs, which is associated with the following disadvantages.

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Equipping a modern home includes reliable door protection, while there is a wide variety of designs. Their important element is the locking mechanism, which determines the level of protection against any damage or unauthorized entry. Factors such as the method of opening also depend on the type chosen. By placing an electric lock on the front door, you can control the opening remotely. However, this is not the only advantage.

Characteristics of the electric lock on the door and its types

An electric lock is a modern filling for a door that ensures the safety of your home at a high level with the ability to control it with an electric signal. There are several varieties of such devices, which differ in the type of closure.

Types of electrical door protection devices:

- it is based on an electromagnetic field, which is created by applying current, with its help the mechanical bar is kept in one position and ensures the closing of the door;
- closing depends on the level of protection, the basis is the bolt, it is controlled by the remote control;
- work is ensured by a short supply of voltage, energy for such a mechanism is needed only in the process of opening / closing the door.

The electric lock on the door of a mechanical type works with the help of an electric latch, which is the counterpart of the lock. When a command is received from the key, it releases the door from constipation, without the need to turn the key. Especially popular are locks with an electromagnetic card, which are actively used in office-type premises, as well as banking and secret institutions. Also actively used on the doors to apartment buildings with intercom. They are opened using special plastic cards, a GSM beacon, touch keys, a signal from a key fob, and also using a special code.

Such locks are able to provide reliable protection against entry into the premises of unauthorized persons. They operate from a special signal from a remote control that regulates the opening / closing of the door.

Benefits of electric door locks

The decision to purchase an electric lock for the front door should be based on the characteristics. It is necessary to take into account the pros and cons of devices, since their use should not cause discomfort. Modern protection has the following advantages:

opening - from the inside provides a key, from the outside - a special button, control panel or code;
simple structural characteristics;
reliable protection against ill-wishers;
easy control.

However, if you decide to buy an electric lock for your home, you need to take into account the need for a constant supply of current. If there is a power failure, it will not be possible to open it yourself. Design features will require the intervention of the master.

Connecting an electric lock is the basis for its further functioning. This should be done by a specialist, as he can guarantee the correct installation. In addition, a good master is able to provide good service in the future, if the need arises.

When deciding to purchase an electric lock, price is a key factor. On our portal models of different price categories are presented. The cost is determined by the features of filling and filling work. At the same time, the quality of each model is guaranteed.