Types of wooden double-glazed windows. Wooden windows: types of structures and characteristics

The furniture market offers a large selection of beds, but you can make this element of the interior on your own.

The article describes how to make a double bed from available materials and components. Solid wood furniture can be inexpensive.

If you are a fan of the old fashioned style and at the same time have welding skills, you can make a bed for a country cottage, a private house or a city apartment from a profile pipe, and decorate the headboard with decorative forging elements. We will consider a more affordable and simple option for creating bedroom furniture, and we suggest that you make a wooden bed from materials that are absolutely safe for health. Below are the drawings of the simplest options, which even a novice master can easily handle.

Materials and tools

You will need:

• assembly diagram;
• sheet plywood;
• PVA glue;
• wooden beam;
• slats;
• self-tapping screws (70 pieces).

You will need glued pine timber with a smooth, flawless surface, 4 x 5 x 200 cm in size (14 pcs.). The size of the planed rails is 2 x 10 x 200 cm (20 pcs.). Before making a bed, you need to buy a sleeping mattress 160 x 200 cm, already make a base for it.

Assembling a double bed

The rectangular frame is assembled from beams. It is necessary to take three bars on each side, fasten them together in height. You will get an equilateral rectangle. If there is concern that the mattress will not fit, it is recommended to assemble the frame with an allowance of 1 cm on each side.

2 bars with a section of 4 x 5 cm, 162 cm long (ends) and the same parts 201 cm long (sides) are laid out on the floor, coated with PVA glue. Immediately after this, the second row of bars is laid on top. Then all the details are fixed with self-tapping screws. The crowns of the bed should not be skewed, they should turn out to be perfectly even.

At the corners, the parts are connected with metal ties. When tightening the self-tapping screws, the glue that did not have time to grab will appear through the holes outward, so the wood must be cleaned of its excess.

The assembled frame can be set aside, you can start creating an orthopedic slatted base from processed boards 2 cm thick. The slats must be reinforced with a stiffener, it must run in the center of the bed along its entire length. There should be at least 2-3 legs. It is also necessary to make 4 legs for the frame. In the future, they are installed in the corners, securely fixed with fasteners.

For a bed made of boards, you need a base made of slats or slats. Supports are made of wooden beams. The beam is cut into segments corresponding in length to each side of the bed. The support bars are attached at the level of the second row of the frame along the entire inner perimeter. The thickness of the supporting element is sufficient to ensure that the thin rack base is located on it firmly and reliably.

It is recommended to plan the length of the rails with the expectation that a deformation gap should form between them and the frame, preventing cracking of the natural material, excluding its creaking. It is better to mount the slats at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. The step between them should be the same, a template may come in handy. The slats are fixed with self-tapping screws, which are twisted along the edges to the base and in the center to the stiffener. After that, a homemade bed should settle for several days until the glue dries completely.

Next, decorative processing is carried out. First, all parts are polished with a grinder or grinder, including a nozzle with a large grain. Then, with the help of fine-grained emery, fine grinding is carried out along the wood fibers.

After grinding and polishing, they get rid of the dust formed during the processing. In the room in which work with paint and varnish material will be carried out, it is necessary to do wet cleaning.

The furniture is covered with a primer designed to protect wood. Lacquer is applied on top in stages in 2-3 layers with an airbrush, providing a uniform coating.

You can also use a fine-bristled brush.

In the process of varnishing, the bed must be turned over, allowing each layer to dry.

Headboard Assembly

To work, you need a sheet of thick plywood. The result is a plywood element, which is not subject to a special mechanical load. Its strength is sufficient. You also need a dense upholstery fabric, foam rubber, synthetic winterizer, a furniture stapler with staples.

A rectangle of the required size is cut from the plywood sheet with a jigsaw. A layer of foam rubber of any thickness, similar in size, is laid on top of it. Foam rubber can be covered with synthetic winterizer. Then the headboard is pulled up with furniture upholstery fabric.

The piece of fabric should extend at least 15–20 cm onto the back wall.

When fixing the upholstery with a stapler, it is necessary to provide the fabric with a uniform stretch, without creases, ugly folds on the front surface. The headboard is attached to the wall or bed frame. In the first case, the part is equipped with special eyelets-loops. They are hung on self-tapping screws installed in the wall. If the headboard is fixed to the back of the bed, holes are made in its lower part, as in the base of the furniture. Screws are tightened in them, clamped with nuts.

According to the same scheme, a single bed can be equipped with a headboard. Figured headboards decorated using the carriage tie technique will look good. In this case, you will need a stencil, furniture buttons, decorative nails.

There are many types of carriage ties, if you wish, you can choose the one that will decorate the bed, emphasize the style of the room, make it more expressive.

Wooden windows are classified based on various quality characteristics.

By type of wood

The material for the production of windows can be glued laminated timber or solid wood. In Russia, windows made of wood are mainly installed pines , larches , oak , meranti.

In addition to wood, the design can be supplemented with reinforcing protective elements made of other materials. This allows you to make the window more durable and improve its performance. Combined wooden windows are of two types:

• Wood + aluminum. This combination is the most common. The outer side of the wooden profile is protected by a metal frame. Through the use aluminum wooden window less exposed to the negative effects of precipitation, sunlight, insects.
• wood + plastic. Like aluminum in the model described above, the PVC trim performs a protective function and is mounted on the outside of the frame. Wooden windows with plastic elements are extremely rare in Russia, unlike wood-aluminum.

Thanks to the combination of the advantages of protective materials (aluminum/pvc), the service life of combined wooden windows is increased up to 80 years, while all the advantages of wood are retained.

By way of opening

According to the method of opening the sash of a wooden window, there can be:

• deaf,
• sliding (lift-sliding or tilt-sliding mechanism),
• with a fanlight-folding design,
• with tilt and turn system
• with swivel mechanism.

You can learn more about the options for opening sashes from our article. "Methods of opening wooden windows".

Finishing

• Veneered (with covering finish),
• Painted (with a translucent finish).
• Lacquered (with transparent finish).

Types of wooden windows

There is a wide variety of modern wooden windows on the market. Let's take a closer look at what is so special about "Finnish windows", "English windows" and how they differ, for example, from "Russian windows".

french windows

Wooden windows of this design make it possible to carry out panoramic glazing combining the functions of a door and a window. In a room where French windows are installed, maximum lighting and a panoramic view are provided. The opening mechanism of such structures can be hinged or sliding (parallel-sliding (portal), folding (accordion) or tilt-sliding).

The frames of French windows are divided into square elements with the help of binding. For the manufacture of such structures, glued laminated timber is used, which ensures the strength of the structure.

English windows

The main feature of such windows is the absence of hinged hinges in their design. They open by lifting the sash and fixing it in the upper part of the frame, like a "guillotine". As a rule, the frame of such windows is narrow, divided into numerous squares by binding. What English windows are especially good for is the ability to save space: when opened, the frame does not take up space in the room, and you can freely put any objects on the windowsill. The disadvantage of this design is the high probability of injury in the event of a breakdown of the opening system.

Scandinavian (Swedish, Norwegian) windows

The material for the production of such windows, as in Russian ones, is a solid array of wood, most often larch, northern pine and other conifers. But, as in German Eurowindows, in Scandinavian windows used exclusively double-glazed windows, sheet glass is not used in such designs. The thickness of the window box is impressive and is 98 mm by standards, and the sash is 68 mm. Such indicators are achieved thanks to a specific design designed to protect the premises from frost. In such windows, fittings with outward opening can be used.

The window is mounted on a rubber gasket. The double-glazed window is fastened to the frame by means of self-tapping screws and glazing beads. The Scandinavian window is also characterized by such a feature as the installation of a condensation warning system. It is a special molecular sieve that absorbs excess moisture and protects frames from deformation.

german windows

The design of such windows is commonly called "eurowindow". Its distinctive feature is the absence of vents and the installation of a double-glazed window. The German wooden window consists of sashes, which, thanks to the tilt-and-turn fittings, can be opened in two planes, both as hinged and as a transom for ventilation. The material used for the production of such windows is glued three- or four-layer timber.

Such a window structurally consists of a frame, the material for which is solid wood, and sheet glass. Windows of this model are still produced in carpentry workshops, but they are no longer produced on an industrial scale, since they have a number of significant drawbacks, in particular, they provide poor thermal insulation and are not distinguished by the stability of the window geometry.

Finnish windows

Such windows are modified Soviet ones, but unlike them, they are equipped with double-glazed windows, and not just sheet glass, and have a thicker frame. Besides, Finnish windows much warmer, but their design does not provide for the use of a swing-out mechanism.

The material for this model is mainly solid wood, in some cases glued two-layer timber. For ventilation, a transom or window is used, and the opening of the wings is carried out in one plane.