Oil paints for wall painting. Oil paint: application for walls

In modern repair, the use of interior paint for walls and ceilings is common. The compositions that were used before have long been replaced by new ones, now covering the walls with paint is a durable and reliable way of finishing. But in order for the wall painting to live up to expectations, it is important to choose the right interior paint. It is not enough to choose the color of the coating in order for the paint to hold and last for many years, it is necessary to choose the right type of interior paint depending on the material of the coating.

Classification of interior paint

Paint for walls and ceilings is divided into 3 main types. The rest of the options that you will meet in the hardware store are derived from these paints.

Oil paint for walls and ceilings. The basis of oil paint is drying oil. The disadvantage of oil paint is a long drying time. In addition, the paint smells strongly, for the time of staining and until it dries completely, it is necessary to free the room from people and animals. The advantage of oil paint is its low cost.
Alkyd paint for walls and ceilings. Alkyd paint contains synthetic resins. Forming a film on the substrate, this paint is resistant to moisture and UV rays.
Water-dispersion paint for walls and ceilings. Water-based paint contains water instead of a solvent. Non-toxic, breathable paint, but not resistant to moisture. To eliminate this problem, acrylic is added to the composition of the water emulsion.

How to choose interior paint

The choice of interior paint depends on the substrate to be painted.

For painting wooden surfaces, use oil or alkyd paint. The water contained in water-based paint will harm the tree. Don't forget to pre-treat the wood, but finish painting with a protective varnish.
If the walls of the apartment are prepared for painting by leveling with concrete or plaster, water-based paint is suitable. But it is better to cover the same base when painting walls in a bathroom or kitchen with alkyd paint, it interacts better with water.

For the ceiling, the type of paint is unimportant, but for the convenience of painting the ceiling, purchase a thixotropic paint (it can be of all kinds). Its peculiarity lies in its density. When stirring, the paint becomes liquid, but as soon as you stop stirring, the solution thickens to a state of sour cream. This is convenient for working with a horizontal ceiling surface. But for walls, it should not be chosen: ordinary paint spreads itself under the influence of gravity, unlike thixotropic, which will have to be carefully distributed.
Working with a metal surface is similar to working with wood. Metal also does not like water, so oil or alkyd paint is suitable in this case.

Difficulties arise when there is already a coating on the walls and ceiling, and it is impossible to determine its composition. In this case, it remains only to completely get rid of the old paint, and only after that apply a layer of new one.

How to apply interior paint

Painting the walls and ceiling is just the final step. Before you get the brush, you will have to do the main part of the work, prepare the base for painting. There are several key steps:

Removal of the old coating, if the repair is not the first time.
Wall alignment. For large level differences, use cement mortar.
Applying a primer. The primer performs several functions. It enhances the adhesion of materials, and also reduces the amount of paint wasted. Without a primer, the first layer of paint will soak into the wall without leaving a trace. Match the primer to the paint - acrylic primer to acrylic paint, for example.

Fix foundation flaws. Use putty to repair cracks in walls and ceilings.
If necessary, treat the walls with an antifungal and antiseptic solution.
Paint the finished walls and ceiling using the appropriate painting technique. Wait for each layer to dry before applying a new one.

Painting walls and ceilings with your own hands is not a difficult job, but it is creative and requires patience. Do not rush, wait for each layer to dry, then the coating will please the eye for a long time and look like freshly painted.

Oil paint for walls, ceilings and other surfaces was used in Soviet times in every house and apartment. The choice of finishing materials was small, and such paint was always widely available on store shelves, and the price for this material was acceptable.

Today, in any building market, when choosing coloring agents, you can get lost in a variety of options, but the good old oil paint is still in demand and securely holds its position on the shelves.

What is this material?

The binding component in the composition is drying oil. Now this substance is produced mostly synthetically, since natural oils are unprofitable to use because of their high cost. Mineral flour and other additives act as a filler, and inorganic pigments give the solution a certain color. The solvent allows you to achieve the desired consistency and degree of viscosity.

Features of oil-based paint

Before deciding whether to purchase this material for upcoming repairs, it would be good to familiarize yourself in detail with the advantages and disadvantages of such a choice.

pros

The versatility of oil paint has long been known. This composition lies on any surface and clings to it with a stranglehold. Wood, concrete, plaster, plastic, brick, glass - all of these substrates can be successfully painted with this product.

You can note the following advantages of this material:

it has high anti-corrosion properties, which is why metal structures are often treated with oil paint;
the coating forms a hard film resistant to mechanical stress;
the surface painted with oil paint becomes water-repellent, easy to clean and is not afraid of exposure to household cleaners;
the coloring composition applied to a properly prepared base will last for many years, reliably protecting the surface from damage;
working with oil paint is easy, no serious professional skills are required for this;
the product has good hiding power, that is, it qualitatively covers the original color of the painted surface;
the material can be used not only for interior decoration, it is successfully used for facade work, as well as for painting almost any outdoor object (roofs, benches, arbors, fences, etc.).

Oil paint covers outbuildings inside and outside, utility and industrial premises. Modern decoration of staircases in entrances is often still carried out using the same coloring agents.

Oil-based materials renew the exterior of country houses or cottages, paint wooden floors, walls and ceilings.

Unfortunately, the compositions also have a number of disadvantages that may serve as a reason for refusing to purchase and use them.

Minuses

First of all, I would like to dispel the myth that there are odorless oil paints. A characteristic sharp and rather unpleasant "chemical" aroma, which does not disappear for a long time, will be present to one degree or another when working with this material.

Modern manufacturers find ways to muffle it a little, but so far no one has been able to completely neutralize it. Accordingly, if you are looking for an odorless coloring agent, then oil solutions are not your option.

Among the disadvantages of this type of paint and varnish products, the following can be distinguished:

the composition of the oil paint contains toxic substances that actively evaporate when the fresh coating layer dries and can cause serious poisoning; it is recommended to work with this coloring agent in a respirator and goggles;
even after the coating has dried, a small amount of the harmful substance will be released into the air, and this can provoke an allergic reaction in people with hypersensitivity;
the vapor permeability of the coating is almost zero, which can adversely affect the quality of the finish with sharp temperature fluctuations (cracks and bubbles appear on the surface);
drying oil, on the basis of which the coloring material is made, has the unpleasant property of turning yellow over time, which is why the color of the painted surface noticeably changes and fades.

Despite the listed shortcomings of oil paints, practice again and again confirms the feasibility of their use. These compositions have very good technical characteristics, and the extremely affordable price is still one of the most important factors when choosing them.

Application

One of the options for interior decoration of the room is painting the walls with oil paint. It is practical, inexpensive and simple. This is especially true for surfaces already painted with this composition, since the preparatory process will be greatly simplified:

a similar solution will fall perfectly on oil paint if there are no cracks or other defects on the surface; adhesion will be at the highest level;
you will avoid the tedious and long process of removing old paint, which sometimes also costs a pretty penny.

Where to begin?

Always start by cleaning the walls. They are washed if the problem is only accumulated dirt. They are cleaned with a spatula, a scraper, a drill with special nozzles, a building hair dryer or chemical compounds designed to remove old paint (washes) if the coating is in poor condition. In this case, surface leveling is also required. At this stage, putty starting and finishing mixtures, sandpaper are used.

A flat and smooth wall is completely cleaned of dust (you can use a household vacuum cleaner) and primed.

The need for a primer is as follows:

The consumption of coloring material is reduced.
Improves adhesion of the paint to the surface.

Priming mixtures often contain antiseptics, which is very important when finishing rooms with a high level of humidity; Thus, you can protect the room from the appearance of mold and other harmful microorganisms.

The most basic tools will do:

paint brushes and roller,
paint pan,
adhesive masking tape.

If you have a paint sprayer, you can use it. In any case, joints with the ceiling, door jambs, baseboards, sockets and switches are first pasted over with masking tape. Now you can paint.

Coloring

Start with hard-to-reach places listed in the previous paragraph. They are painted over with a brush. Next, paint is poured into the tray, the roller coat is saturated with it, the excess is squeezed out on the ribbed part of the cuvette and the composition is applied to the surface.

You need to roll the roller from the very top of the wall, driving it in the vertical and horizontal directions alternately.

It is better to conditionally divide the entire area to be painted into squares and work slowly moving from site to site.

The paint will dry for at least a day, and only after that you can put a second layer, which is usually enough to get a good result. Do not forget to thoroughly ventilate the room, the walls of which you paint with oil paint.

If you have additional information or interesting experience with oil paint for walls, please share it in the comments.

Among the many varieties of paints, there is also oil paint for walls. Thanks to it, the surface will be beautiful and protected from external factors. Unfortunately, with the growth of technological progress and the creation of new types of paints, it began to be forgotten. Not only is it called obsolete, but in addition, it is criticized for being quite toxic. Now water-based paints, enamel, acrylic or latex are considered more popular.

In this article, we will take a closer look at the features of oil paint, its characteristics and the principle of applying to the surface.

The composition and features of oil paints

The name itself speaks of the main component that is included in this paint. The oil contained inside used to be completely natural and natural. But, nowadays it is an expensive pleasure, therefore, the composition of oil paint includes a combined and synthetic drying oil, paired with alkyd resin. Drying oils themselves contain a suspension of fillers and pigments, which are finely grated inorganic powder of various oxides, mineral rocks and additives, as well as salts.

To dilute the paint and give it the desired consistency, use the following volatile organic solvents:

Turpentine.
Simple white spirit.
Xylene.
Acetone.
Toluene.

Note! When drying oil, whether synthetic or natural, reacts with air, the substance begins to harden as a result of oxidative polymerization. A film appears on the surface, after which the composition hardens. This effect serves as the basic principle of oil-based paint as a protective and decorative layer.

Due to the presence of pigments in oil paint, you can get the desired shade or paint the raw material in a variety of tones. Pigments can be organic or inorganic. But for oil products, organic pigments are practically not used.

As for the mineral substances (pigments) that make up the composition, they are divided into two groups:

Achromatic substances are used to obtain gray, black and white. Such substances are lead, titanium and zinc white, black, lithopon, aluminum or bronze powder, soot or carbon. As a result - black, gray or white oil paint.
Chromatic substances are used to form the color of the rainbow and marching shades. The composition is colorful and pleasing to the eye. Pigments used: chromium and cobalt salts, iron metahydroxide, litharge, cadmium salts, iron red lead.

Since we are talking about a suspension of particles insoluble in oil, the mixture is thoroughly mixed before painting a wall or other surface with oil paint. The thing is that particles of pigment and filler settle to the bottom over time. When you do not mix the oil paint, the top layer will not be as saturated as the bottom layer, where the main part of the pigments has gathered. At the bottom, the composition will be thick and bright in color. If you cover the surface with such paint, then it will look uneven. In one place there will be a bright shade, and in another dull. This is not at all the result that any developer needs.

Methods for applying oil paint

To paint any surface, you do not need to have some supernatural tool. For work, a standard set used by each painter will fit:

If you work with a brush, then immediately tune in to the fact that the material consumption will be the largest. However, the brush penetrates most of the crevices and recesses, carefully painting the wall with paint. This is especially useful for those who process loose, porous, complex or corrugated surfaces. It will take a maximum of time to complete the work.

If you want to cut costs and also speed up the entire process of applying paint to the wall, use a roller. Thanks to the bath to it, you can control the amount of mixture applied to the wall. Yes, and the work will go much faster.

In the event that you want to speed up the process as much as possible and minimize material consumption, use a spray gun. With it, any house will turn into a beautiful home in just a few hours. This is professional equipment that will need to be rented. Not everyone can afford to buy such a unit.

Note! Since you have to pay for rent, spray guns are chosen only when you have to paint a large area, not one room, but several, or even a whole house. Then the costs will pay off.

Oil paint should be applied to a previously prepared surface. Almost any finishing material requires such preparation and cleaning. If you had old finishing material on the wall, such as wallpaper or other type of paint, then all this will have to be removed. The only exceptions are the walls covered with oil paint. Just make sure it sticks well to the wall.

Scope of oil paints

This type of paint is suitable for almost all surfaces. It can process metal structures, brick, concrete or stone walls. And, of course, a plastered wall would be an ideal coating. It is recommended to use a paint product on the outside, as they are toxic. If you need to paint the walls inside the building, then use a different type of paint or apply it in a limited amount.

In addition to the fact that the compounds are quite toxic, allergenic and carcinogenic, they have another undesirable property. It is very important for a living space. What is it about? About vapor permeability. Oil paint does not. The walls covered with oil paint do not breathe. It will not work to create a favorable microclimate in the room, since the composition does not support natural humidity.

Note! It is rational to use oil paints inside when the ability to pass steam is not needed. For example, it can be bathrooms, basements, open balconies, kitchens, etc.

It is not recommended to use paint for finishing the bedroom, living room, nursery, glazed loggia. If this was done before, since there was no other option as such, then these days you can purchase formulations that are free of toxins and environmentally friendly. And it's not even about the smell, as there are materials without it. A solvent remains inside the coating, which enters inside. This may lead to poisoning.

Advice ! You need to work with oil paint inside very carefully, using goggles, a respirator and protective clothing. In addition, it is important to leave all doors and windows open for fresh air to enter.

Now the material is especially often used for processing ferrous metal. For example, sports equipment, gas and water pipes, parts of the city's infrastructure. And also it is used for processing wood: benches, gazebos, windows, doors, window sills.

Pros and cons

No matter how much consumers argue, the scales are leaning towards product disadvantages rather than advantages. And here we are talking not only about the real shortcomings of the material, but the whole point is in the marketing policy. We will not consider it, but we will say one thing: each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's look at them to draw our conclusions.

So, let's start with the disadvantages of the material:

And what about the benefits of products?

You can compare all the pros and cons of the material to understand whether you need this paint or not. And experienced consultants will help you decide which oil paint to choose.

Conclusion

Despite the shortcomings and competition, oil paint on walls and ceilings is being produced and used more and more. In their field, oil products are quite good and usable. If you use the cons of the material correctly, then they can be compensated. And in order to see how you can paint the surface using oil formulations, we suggest you watch the video:

Having made a decision about wall painting in your apartment, you may be wondering what wall paint is considered the best. Nowadays, a huge range of all kinds of products for repair is offered, so it can be very easy to get confused and choose the wrong option.

To calculate paint consumption, you can use the paint consumption calculator.

There are differences in paints for walls, ceilings or floors, they differ in their properties. For instance, wall paints should not be taken after drying on clothes. It is good if cleaning can be done with just a damp cloth, and some paints will have to be scrubbed with a soapy brush. Therefore, pay attention before buying what types of surfaces this paint is for. In our case, it should be marked "Wall Paint". If you want to make your job easier and buy a universal paint, then think that its parameters will be worse than that of a specially designed paint.

Types and types of wall paint.

Paints are divided according to their composition into:

Based on silicone resins, silicone wall paints are made. In the world of paint and varnish products, this is a novelty that has many advantages. The most important advantage is their ability to pass water vapor. Silicone paint is often used for exterior work, as it has the ability to form a surface that repels water.

Alkyd enamels for walls are paints, the main component of which is alkyd resin. Such paint dries quickly due to oxidation when interacting with air. After drying, a strong film is formed on the surface that allows steam to pass through. It is good to use alkyd enamel to protect metal surfaces from destruction. It is not recommended to use this type of paint indoors, as it has an unpleasant odor for a long time even after drying.

The main component of oil paints for walls is drying oil (oil). Oil paints are known for their strength and durability. They can be used both for interior painting and for exterior painting on various surfaces. The main disadvantage is that oil paint takes a very long time to dry. The paint does not allow moisture to pass through, as a result of which there may be peeling of the substrate. Due to a specific sharp unpleasant odor, oil paints are practically not used for painting indoor walls.

The most economical paints today are water-dispersion paints. They are also called water-soluble or in other words - water-based. Such paint dries very quickly due to the presence of water instead of a solvent in the composition, and also has practically no smell. The properties of the paint depend on the polymers used in the composition, which serve as a binder. The cheapest option is water-dispersion paint based on PVA glue. This type is suitable for painting ceilings in dry rooms. Paints based on acrylic resin or latex will also be inexpensive. All water-based paints can only be used in dry rooms. Such paints are distinguished by their practicality - dirt is easily removed from the painted surface without being absorbed into the structure of the paint. Water-soluble paints are "breathable", that is, vapor-permeable.

Acrylic resins are the basis for acrylic wall paints. After drying, they form a strong hard film due to the binding properties of the resin. The paint is quick-drying, odourless, abrasion resistant and suitable for painting surfaces in wet areas. If moisture constantly gets on the painted surface, both the surface under the paint and the paint itself will quickly deteriorate. Some stores stock acrylic wall paint that is grease resistant. Acrylic paints are characterized by bright colors. Among the varieties of flowers, you can easily find the one you need. It is also not difficult to mix paints by color, getting a new shade. Can be tinted on computerized tinting systems. Acrylic paints give the surface a pleasant matte finish.

Latex paints can also be attributed to water-soluble wall paints. Their main advantage is considered to be excellent resistance to abrasion. To obtain a silky and matte surface, latex paint must be applied in a uniform thin layer. Most often, latex paints are used when painting wallpaper, textured plaster. When dried, latex paint perfectly retains the texture of the surface, forming a thin film. Latex paints are distinguished by the degree of surface gloss.

Among the paint and varnish products, decorative paints have recently appeared. Therefore, their properties and features should be considered separately. With the help of decorative paint, you can easily get different design effects, imitate any surface. You can give the walls the appearance of stone, velvet, silver or gold, or even imitate silk. There are even paints on sale that change the color of the surface at different angles of illumination.

For getting decorative wall paint a water base is used with the addition of minerals and polymers, depending on the desired properties. Decorative paint is the best option for painting walls in residential premises. In addition to decorative qualities, this paint is environmentally friendly. The painted surface will become resistant to abrasion, dust practically does not settle.

To obtain the intended design effect from decorative paints, you can use different painting tools and techniques. To create the necessary pattern and texture, use different-sized brushes, rollers, metal and plastic spatulas, and much more. In the place where you will purchase decorative paint, you can ask for all the necessary information about obtaining decorative effects. In specialized hypermarkets and decorative paint shops, samples of the effects of specific paints are usually provided.

Ecological wall paints.

In connection with the increased interest in the ecology of the home (and ecology in general), the so-called "green paints" were put on sale. Special environmental paints do not emit harmful fumes when working with them.

In such an environmentally friendly paint, the addition of such harmful substances as: zinc, mercury, lead, chlorinated phenols, cadmium compounds, as well as other chemicals dangerous to human life, is excluded. Ecological paints can be safely used in children's for painting walls in the children's room. For people with allergies, this paint will be the best option. You can determine the ecological paint for the walls by the signs of the manufacturer. Each manufacturer has its own mark.

The choice of paint for the walls must be approached carefully, thinking through the details.

Currently, repair work of any complexity is carried out easily thanks to the professionalism of builders, innovative technologies and a wide variety of finishing materials. Paint coatings also play an important role in achieving the effectiveness of the repair. Their range consists of various types of paints.

Peculiarities

Oil paints are paints and varnishes that are made in the form of suspensions with vegetable fillers. Depending on the type, they are used in painting, for painting wooden and metal surfaces.

The main components of paints are pigments and binders. The first give the paint a specific shade. They usually change the characteristics of the resulting suspensions, for example, they can slow down or accelerate hardening, reduce corrosion wear, and increase the service life.

There are several types of pigments:

colored (chromatic);
black and white (achromatic);
organic;
inorganic.

Oil paints are made with both organic and inorganic based pigments. Pigments are made from mineral flour, which does not dissolve. Drying oil is used as a binder. Coloring compositions settle at the bottom of the jar, so before starting work, you need to shake the jar thoroughly.

The second main component of the paint is considered to be a filler, which is used in order to save pigment. These include kaolin, talc, mica. To improve performance, for example, for accelerated drying, a desiccant is added to the paint. It is a cobalt, manganese, lead salt that can dissolve in drying oil. In order to facilitate the dispersion of the pigment, surfactants are used.

Drying oil is the main component of natural paints. In recent years, their cheap synthetic substitutes have been increasingly used. Due to the slow evaporation of oils, the drying of the painted surface will take quite a long time. Only with the addition of desiccants is an accelerated drying process possible.

For the production of oil paints, the following types of drying oil are used:

As part of natural drying oil, the content of vegetable oil reaches 97%. Linseed, sunflower, soybean, hemp base is used as oil, the remaining 3% is the process catalyst.
Oksol contains a little more than half of the composition of natural oils, 40% - white spirit as a solvent, 5% of the composition falls on the desiccant. Unlike natural drying oil, the price of oxol is much lower, but due to the solvent content, it prevents ozonation.
In combined drying oils, the composition is the same as in oxol, only in different percentages. The solvent accounts for up to 30% of the entire mixture, 70% - vegetable oil.
Alkyd drying oils are alkyd resins mixed with natural oil, catalyst and solvent.
The composition of synthetic drying oils includes products of oil refining and other industrial waste.

Sometimes, if necessary, bring the composition to the required density. The following thinners are used for oil paints:

turpentine is an essential oil with a complex chemical composition, which is obtained by processing the resin of coniferous plants and resin.
white spirit is a residual product of oil refining.

Since all thinners are active chemicals, they must be used with care. They are added gradually, in small portions, since a high content of diluent destroys the bond between the pigment and drying oil.

Specifications

To choose the right paintwork material, you need to know the most important characteristics of oil paint:

The content of film-forming substances. The most optimal option is more than 26% of the total volume. For the durability of the paint, it is necessary to know the percentage of these components. The higher it is, the longer the life of the coating will be.
The content of volatile components in the composition of the paintwork material is usually in the range of 10%, as they are toxic and harmful to human health. At an ambient temperature of more than 20 C, they evaporate and emit a specific odor. Therefore, after painting the surface, it is recommended to ventilate the room.
The degree of grinding of the components of the paint. This value must be lower than 90 to obtain a smooth surface, while higher values are more likely to cause surface roughness.

The viscosity of high-quality paint lies in the range of 65 - 140 points. Fluidity depends on it, as well as the hardening time of the coating. Good oil paint dries in about 48 hours.
The hardness of the film is especially taken into account when processing exterior walls. With an increase in the degree of hardness, the service life of the paint increases and the impact on it of external factors decreases.
Absolute hydrophobicity is important for some of the outer walls, and for the inside, the indicator ranges from 0.5 to 1 unit.

Pros and cons

Advantages of oil paints:

possibility of application for internal and external walls;
fit well on an untreated wall, as well as on top of other paints;
resistant to frequent washing;
low consumption due to the high degree of hiding power;
low cost compared to other types of paint;
good adhesion ability;
reliable surface protection.

Flaws:

due to the content of toxic components in the composition, a person may experience a severe allergic reaction;
a strong unpleasant odor;
dry for a long time (sometimes up to several days);
the painted surface gradually peels off and cracks due to the lack of the ability of the paintwork material to breathe;
when the paint is stored for a long time, it undergoes some changes: it acquires a rubbery or gelatinous appearance, the mass hardens. Such paint becomes unsuitable for work.

Despite significant drawbacks, oil paints are produced in large quantities. GOSTs strictly control the quality of these finishing materials, designating each type of paint with various combinations of letters and numbers.

Types and scope

Currently, two types of oil paints are produced: paste-like, or thickly ground and liquid, and ready-to-use. The first are obtained in a mixer and rubbing on a special grater. Obtaining the second type includes mixing the composition in ball mills or diluting pasty paints with natural drying oil.

The scope of alkyd materials depends on the applied pigment and drying oil. They are applied to the surface of wood, metal, concrete, plastic, bituminous plaster. Often used for finishing as a primer. They paint pipelines and batteries.

Paint is often used to protect against high humidity due to its water impermeability, which enamel and tempera coatings do not have. But this advantage of oil paints interrupts a serious drawback: during operation, the paint peels off on the surface and disappears.

When painting, consider:

When processing window frames, door trims, walls and glass usually get dirty. Removing oil-based stains will not be easy, so you need to protect parts that should not get dirty in advance. Walls can be made with plywood, cardboard, tin sheets, and glass can be glued with paper.

If you still managed to stain the glass, you can prepare a mixture of crushed chalk and an aqueous solution of washing soda. The mixture should be in the form of a paste. It is necessary to apply the consistency to the glass and leave it like that. The paint will become softer and can be removed with a cloth or paper material. To remove dried paint from the wall, apply aluminum foil and iron it with an iron. Then the soft paint can be removed with a spatula.
A drill can be used to stir the paint to avoid soiling clothing. To do this, you need to make a hole on the lid of the jar, stick the rod in and fix it with the reverse side into the drill. It remains only to turn on the device and mix the contents of the jar for 60 seconds.

To remove paint from the body, you need to use a special dissolving agent, but if it is not at hand, you can try to clean the skin with vegetable or animal fat. Also, washing powder will do a good job with this task.
After painting windows and doors, you can not close them until the paint is completely dry, but if necessary, you need to lay foil between the wings.
It is better to paint metal walls with a spray gun - this way the surface will look neater.

Colors

Coloring paint in a certain color depends on inorganic pigments - achromatic, giving black and white, and chromatic, giving color shades.

Achromatic pigments allow you to get:

zinc white, which is widespread and cheap, imparts a white color;
titanium oxide also imparts a white tint;
lipoton - zinc sulfide mixed with barium sulfate gives a shade of white;
carbon black (soot) and graphite give dark pigments;
zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze powders give a bronze, silver (metallic), matte finish.

The most common chromatic pigments are:

yellow - iron hydroxide;
iron oxide - red;
red litharge - lead oxide;
brown - chromium oxide;
green - cobalt.

All information about the paint is written on the label, which indicates the main purpose, necessary thinners, color palette, average consumption per square meter, features and duration of drying, as well as staining conditions.

It often happens that it is very difficult to find an identical shade of paint from one manufacturer. Therefore, it is recommended that when buying several cans of paintwork material of the same color, make sure that they are all produced by the same company, the same brand and with the same batch number. Only in this case, you can get the desired result.

How to choose?

Oil paints are often used in exterior finishing work. They have a high level of resistance to adverse weather conditions: frost, temperature extremes, sunlight. The paint protects the painted surface.

The composition can also be used for interiors, but not for painting floors due to its low resistance to mechanical damage.

Before starting outdoor work, you first need to prepare the surface, for which solvents are actively used. They bring the consistency of the composition to the desired consistency. The most famous solvents are gasoline, turpentine. Treatment with antiseptics and a primer will allow the coating to lie in an even layer without subsequent peeling and peeling.

Paints protect from increased moisture, prevent the appearance of mold and fungi, damage by pests. A high-quality choice of paint and varnish material will allow you to get a stable surface to UV rays, a bright fresh shade for a long time. The coating usually lasts at least 5 years.

Oil paints for finishing exterior surfaces on the modern market are represented by a small variety of color shades. To obtain a certain color, you have to mix several types of paints. Such a composition does not meet environmental requirements due to the pungent chemical odor.

The interior decoration of the premises should be approached responsibly both when choosing design solutions and when choosing an oil coating.

For interior decoration of the house, materials with organic solvents are used. The most commonly used solvents are gasoline, white spirit and kerosene. When working with them, safety precautions should be observed, and a respirator should be used during the staining process. Over the course of several days, the solvent gradually evaporates, so a sharp unpleasant odor is felt inside the room. It is necessary to ventilate the room until there is no smell left, since various toxic harmful impurities are in the air at this time.

The main disadvantages of oil paints are the loss of the original color with the acquisition of a yellowish tint and a high fire hazard.

If you need to paint a wooden surface, and the can label says that the paint can kill wood pests, you should refuse to purchase it. Due to the content of additives for pest control, toxic gases are released into the air.

If the label says "dry abrasion resistance" - this means that the surface can be wiped with a dry cloth. And "washable, resistant to intensive washing" means that the surface can be washed with a damp cloth.

If the paint contains vegetable oil, this means that it meets the requirements of environmental friendliness. Usually the label indicates its percentage.

Natural paints are different from environmentally friendly and natural-based paints. They are made from harmless natural ingredients - silicone, methylcellulose, natural wax, shellac, casein and xanthene. The resulting shade depends on mineral, earth, vegetable and animal pigments.

For floors, you should choose high-strength paints, for furniture - not prone to yellowness, for doors, window frames - standole.

Compositions with natural ingredients are much more expensive than paints of synthetic origin, but they are distinguished by a long service life and safety for health.

Consumption

When finishing surfaces with oil paints, the average consumption is from 100 to 150 grams per 1 m2. The amount of material used depends on the structure and roughness of the surface. For example, a tree absorbs liquids well, including a paint and varnish coating, so 2 layers of paint are applied to a wooden surface. Also, depending on the degree of preparation of the wall for painting (priming, sanding), material consumption depends.

Manufacturers

All European quality standards are met by manufacturers such as Finnish Tikkurila, Canadian Forester, Deutsch Dufa and several others. They manufacture products suitable for harsh climatic conditions. This has earned them a good reputation. Large-scale industries produce materials for all types of work, with a wide range of colors, preparations for surface preparation for painting.

Manufacturers, along with high quality products, offer an expensive price for it. Paying attention to lesser-known European brands, you can save a lot on paint. These manufacturers include Estonian Vivacolor, spanish Isaval, Deutsch Reesa. They try not to be inferior to their not the cheapest counterparts, but their advantage can be attributed to the low probability of acquiring a fake.

Manufacturers in Russia have just begun to establish the production of high-quality paints and varnishes. Among the most successful manufacturers are Lakru, Tex, Kotovsky paint and varnish plant, Stroykompleks and Olivestu. They are increasingly trying to update and improve the quality of their products.

Tikkurila is the number one brand in Russia for the production of paints and varnishes. In the New Product Development Manufacturing Lab, employees create new recipes with unique textures and improved product properties. The manufacturer offers more than 20 thousand shades.

Another well-known manufacturer of paints and varnishes - "Lacra", founded in 1996. He specializes in paints, varnishes, water-based coatings and PVA. In addition, the manufacturer produces and sells primers, parquet varnishes, and enamels. The entire range of products meets quality standards and is manufactured using modern equipment using European technologies.

In Russia, manufacturers of paint and varnish products make up a large branch of the country's chemical industry. They produce more than 2000 types of paint and varnish products, while these volumes increase every year. The expansion of the production capacity of the market of paint and varnish products per year is from 20 to 40%. This is due to imports and an increase in the volume of products produced by Russian branches of foreign companies. Domestic manufacturers are in the lead in the development of various types of paints and varnishes.

A rich assortment of Russian paint and varnish enterprises are:

paints;
enamels;
fire retardant paints;
putties;
primers;
organic silicate components;
quick-drying varnishes;
solvents;
facade paints.

Due to the expansion of the range of paints and varnishes due to tough competition, requirements for labor protection, health and nature, the production of water-borne and powder materials has recently been growing.

How to quickly remove old oil paint from the wall, see below.