We are all used to insulating our homes lately. The main activities in this direction are related to the installation of thermal insulation materials on wall panels. The presence of an insulation layer significantly reduces the rate of heat transfer between the walls and the outside air. It is precisely the preservation of heat inside residential premises that is the key point for a comfortable stay, even with powerful heating equipment.

Warming is a task that concerns not only the structural elements of a residential building. When using a water floor, you also cannot do without thermal insulation. Why thermal insulation is needed in this case and what are its functions, we will understand in more detail.

The main task of thermal insulation in warm floors

The home heating systems we rely on are designed to provide us with efficient heating. In houses where radiators are installed, heat enters the interior of the heated room due to the contact of the surface of the heating devices with the air mass. As a result of heat exchange, up to 60% of the heat goes to heating the interior space as a result of air convection. A water-heated floor is much more effective in this regard. By heating the floor surface, the heat evenly spreads inside the room, creating a comfortable living environment.

It is possible to achieve high efficiency of the trench heating system due to the correct installation and laying of all structural elements. Not the last place in this regard is played by thermal insulation for your warm floor, the water principle of action. An improperly applied insulation layer, or lack thereof, will cause your heating system to run 50% idle. The heat from the heating circuit should go up, not down, heating a concrete screed or type-setting wooden structure.

On a note: experts say that a warm water floor without insulation leads to significant heat loss in winter. Up to 50% of thermal energy is spent on heating the ceiling in the basement room. The lack of insulation for underfloor heating on the interfloor ceilings becomes the reason for the insufficiently comfortable temperature in the heated room.

To avoid such troubles and get the highest possible efficiency from the heating system, you will need a heater, on top of which the loops of the water circuit are then laid. Insulation can be performed with various materials, each of which has its own characteristics and technological parameters. The foam, which is familiar to us all, extruded polystyrene foam and mineral wool, due to their low thermal conductivity, will create the necessary heat-insulating layer. The installation of thermal insulation is carried out depending on the type of flooring and the chosen installation scheme for the water floor pipeline. The method of laying the water circuits and the further operation of the entire heating systems depend on the choice of material, its technological characteristics.

For clarity, you can give the following example:

The previously used foam has a density of 20-22 kg / m 3, however, in accordance with the technology of laying warm water floors, the density of the insulating material should be at least 35 kg / m 3 for interfloor floors and 50 kg / m 3 for floor equipment on the first floor. The presence of such restrictions on thermal insulation materials is caused by technological factors, which are due to the very principle of operation of heating floors.

Water floor is a low temperature heating system. The floor in a heated room should not be heated above 30 0 C. Exceeding these parameters will create discomfort inside the room. A negatively high floor heating temperature will affect the design features of the flooring, and the heating devices will also work with increased load. The presence of a heat-insulating layer of the required thickness will eliminate heat losses during the operation of water circuits, create optimal conditions for the spread of heat in the desired direction. Less insulation will cause heat to go into the subfloor. The large thickness of the insulating material will become a serious obstacle to heating the floor and flooring. In this case, the work of warm water floors will be fundamentally disrupted.

What is the basis of the choice of insulating material

The basis for the warm floor is the so-called "layer cake" - a type-setting structure in which each layer performs its own specific functions and tasks. Warming in this pie is one of the leading places, therefore, much depends on the quality of the insulating material, its composition and structure. Thermal insulation must meet any changes in the operating conditions of the heating service. The safety of the insulating material is one of the main factors in determining its choice.

The second most important technological parameter of heat-insulating materials is thermal conductivity. Here there is a close relationship between the thickness of the material and the coefficient of thermal conductivity. The proposed figure - diagram shows the parameters of various building materials used in a domestic environment.

The advantage of synthetic insulating materials and mineral wool is that, with a small thickness, they have good thermal conductivity. When it comes to installing underfloor heating on interfloor ceilings or in wooden buildings, the small width of thermal insulation materials and their low weight play a decisive role.

Therefore, based on the data presented, it is easy to draw the following conclusion. Thermal insulation for warm water floors is created from materials with the following characteristics:

• low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• fire resistance;
• moisture resistance;
• soundproofing;
• technological compatibility with other materials.

The thickness of the insulation is determined by the texture and structure of the material. When buying insulating materials, be guided by the given parameters. Price in this case does not play a special role. Today, all materials offered in the trade network have approximately the same cost. In the general context of the cost of installing underfloor heating, the price of thermal insulation is not critical.

How thick should the insulation be?

The trade network offers materials of a certain standard thickness. What thickness of thermal insulation is required in your case is determined by the conditions of the heating system project. The installed layer of thermal insulation in the case of using extruded polystyrene foam on the ground floor must be at least 100-115 mm. In the absence of polystyrene foam of the required thickness, the thermal insulation is laid in two layers (50 + 50 mm).

To lay water floors on the concrete slab of the second floor, you need a much thinner thermal insulation layer, 25-35 mm. We have already talked about the density of the foam. The optimum density for thermal insulation foam should be 38-45 kg / m 3.

Features of the practical use of various insulating materials

Expanded polystyrene

To begin with, the thermal insulation is placed at the very bottom of the puff pastry, directly on the rough coating. Before laying the layer of thermal insulation, a waterproofing layer is laid on the subfloor and only after that the installation of the thermal insulation layer is started. Let's consider separately how work is done with the most common and popular materials.

Let's start with styrofoam. The material is available in the form of sheets or slabs. This form is very convenient for installation work. The thickness of expanded polystyrene may differ. The thickness of the sheets varies from 30 to 120 mm. For installation work of all categories, especially in the case of warm floors, a type of expanded polystyrene is used - penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam).

Expanded polystyrene has an extremely low thermal conductivity, is very convenient and practical in the process of laying. However, this material has a significant drawback, insufficient hardness.

Important! Do not forget that penoplex is a fragile and fragile material, however, to give strength and rigidity to the entire subsequent structure of the water floor, you will need a concrete screed or a stable flooring system.

In order to get rid of this drawback, when forming the cake, reinforcement for a concrete screed is used, or additional flooring is made from plywood boards or gypsum fiber boards.

An easier way out of this situation is to use a cheap analogue - ordinary foam.

For foam plastic, the optimum thickness of the thermal insulation layer is at least 100 mm. When installing underfloor heating on ceilings, the thickness of the foam will be 25-30% less.

We use mineral mats

To obtain the necessary rigidity for a puff pastry, most often pay attention to mineral mats. They are based on the well-known mineral wool, however, thanks to the production technology, the material has received a rigid structure. With the help of mineral mats, you can easily fill the existing voids in the subfield, fill all the cells of a puff cake with a rack-and-pinion set. Despite the obvious advantages in comparison with expanded polystyrene, the material is not resistant to moisture.

On a note: a damaged layer of steam and waterproofing can lead to the fact that the mats will absorb the existing moisture and lose their insulating properties. The water floor can be laid on mineral mats made of basalt or fiberglass.

Other less used thermal insulation materials include cork. Cork thermal insulation has a low thermal conductivity, but weakly resists moisture. Often, fungal formations appear in floors with such thermal insulation. For best performance, waxed cork should be used. In this case, the price rises, and in terms of its technological characteristics, the cork is inferior to polystyrene and expanded polystyrene.

Profile mats are a new material that is increasingly used today in household construction for the installation of water floors. Unlike other materials, the mats are versatile. Their design immediately contains a vapor barrier layer and lugs, special projections that facilitate the installation and laying of the heating circuit.

In work, profile mats are more practical and convenient. Using them in the process of laying a warm floor, you can lay a water circuit according to any scheme, quickly and without additional fasteners.

Conclusion

The condition of the rough floor surface, the method of equipping a warm water floor determines the type and type of thermal insulation. When working with a concrete screed, polystyrene foam, miral mats or profile mats are usually used. The concrete pavement provides a sufficiently secure hold of the insulating material. In the case of decking systems, mineral mats and foam can be used during work.

The method of fixing the material is carried out using glue or construction tape. For strength, the foam sheets are treated with a sealant. It is important not to forget to lay reinforced mesh or sheets after the layer of insulating materials to give the entire structure the necessary strength.

Underfloor heating is an efficient technology. It is used as the main heating method or in combination with classic radiators. The warm floor consists of several layers: the first is a heating element; the second is a heater for a warm floor; the third is a cement-sand screed; the fourth is the finishing coat.

Insulation plays an important role. It has two main functions:

• protects the room from heat loss;
• prevents the floor from freezing from below (applies to the first floors of residential buildings and basements).

For water or electric floor heating, the same thermal insulation materials are used:

• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• cork insulation;
• thermal insulation mats.

Mineral wool

It is a material with a fibrous structure. It is produced by heat treatment of metal slag and rocks. Underfloor heating is often used in the system.

There are four types of mineral wool:

• Glass fiber or glass wool. This material is rarely used for floor insulation. It is soft and firm. It has a high coefficient of hygroscopicity. Glass fibers can injure or irritate a person's skin.
• Slagged. Not used for floor insulation. Due to its high acidity, it actively reacts with metals. Absorbs water in liquid and gaseous state.
• Stone wool is a modernized type of slag wool. It is often used for installing underfloor heating. It has a strong and tough fibrous structure. It does not prick or tear. Average thermal conductivity is combined with low hygroscopicity. Protects surfaces at temperatures down to -45 ° C. The downside is the low fire resistance. Stone wool starts to melt at a temperature of 600 ° C.
• Basalt wool is a high-quality insulation for floors. It has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and hygroscopicity. Retains heat-insulating properties at temperatures down to -190 ° C. Practically does not absorb moisture. It differs from other materials in its high fire resistance. Does not burn at temperatures up to 1000 ° C. It can be easily and conveniently mounted on the floor as it is sold in rolls.

An important indicator for underfloor heating insulation is density. Several brands meet this criterion:

• Mineral wool P-125. Density 125 kg / m 3. Used for insulation of floors, ceilings, walls. It absorbs sound waves well. Has a low rate of fire resistance.
• Mineral wool PZh-175. Density 175 kg / m 3. Rigid material for insulating reinforced concrete floor slabs and underfloor heating systems.
• Mineral wool PPZh-200. Density 200 kg / m 3. The most durable brand. They are used for insulating both critical load-bearing structures and floors in an apartment. Possesses high rigidity and fire resistance.

Pros and cons of mineral wool

Any insulation under a warm floor has a number of positive and negative qualities. The effectiveness of its use in certain conditions depends on them. Mineral wool is no exception and has the following advantages:

• Fire resistance. Stone and basalt wool consists of non-combustible silicates. It complies with all fire codes and regulations for residential premises.
• Resistance to microorganisms. Mineral wool practically does not rot. Fungus and mold do not develop on its surface.
• Low shrinkage ratio. Its dimensions do not change under the influence of external factors. Underfloor heating made of mineral wool does not crack from temperature changes.
• Low hygroscopicity. Hard grades of mineral wool absorb moisture.
• Water vapor permeability. Mineral wool does not interfere with the removal of excess moisture from the room. This has a beneficial effect on the microclimate.
• Soundproofing. It dampens most of the noise.
• Purity. Hard varieties of mineral wool are safe for the human body and do not cause allergic reactions.
• Ease of installation. This material is lightweight and flexible, which allows even beginners to use it in construction.
• Life time. Subject to all the rules and regulations for installation and operation, cotton wool does not lose its properties for several decades.

There are also disadvantages:

• Soft types of cotton wool can irritate or injure a person with pieces of glass. To a lesser extent, this applies to the construction of a warm floor, since such varieties are not used.
• Prolonged exposure to high temperatures leads to the release of formaldehyde. This is a chemical compound that is dangerous to the human body.

Expanded polystyrene

This is a granular insulation obtained by foaming polystyrene. It has a low thermal conductivity, high strength and low cost. Suitable for floor insulation.

Expanded polystyrene increases the thermal insulation properties of structures by 3 times. This has been verified by European construction experts.

According to its strength characteristics, this material is subdivided into:

• Regular (non-pressed). It has low compressive strength. Insulation of this category is not used for the installation of a warm floor. The main area of ​​application is facade and wall cladding.
• Extrusion (extruded). It is strong enough to be laid on the floor.

Advantages and disadvantages

Expanded polystyrene is a heat-insulating competitor to mineral wool. Its performance is often compared to mineral wool.

Pros:

• Thermal conductivity. Styrofoam is composed of air trapped in polystyrene balls. It has a lower thermal conductivity coefficient than mineral wool.
• Hygroscopicity. Regular and compressed foam have different water absorption rates. Pressless insulation can absorb up to 4% moisture. Extruded polystyrene foam has zero hygroscopicity.
• Water vapor permeability. Regular foam is steam-tight. Extruded - can allow moisture to pass through without retaining it. This is due to the peculiarity of the molding. The vapor permeability of expanded polystyrene is lower than that of mineral wool, but sufficient for a warm floor system.
• Rigidity. Extruded polystyrene foam is tough enough to be laid on the floor. According to this parameter, it is similar to basalt mineral wool.
• Biological stability. Its surface is an unfavorable environment for the development of microorganisms, including fungus and mold. It doesn't rot. According to these indicators, expanded polystyrene does not differ from mineral wool.

Minuses:

• Fire resistance. It burns and emits a lot of harmful smoke, although many manufacturers say otherwise. According to this parameter, polystyrene is inferior to mineral wool.
• Environmental friendliness. In the open air, under the influence of sunlight, the foam begins to oxidize. Substances harmful to the human body are released, for example, benzene. In terms of the amount of harmful emissions, polystyrene foam is superior to mineral wool.
• Durability. The service life of the material in the underfloor heating system exceeds 30 years. It all depends on the quality of the styling and external conditions. Mineral wool lasts much longer.
• Soundproofing. Styrofoam cannot isolate the floor well from sound vibrations. It copes well with impact noise. It practically does not save from other sounds transmitted through the air. According to this indicator, it is significantly inferior to mineral wool.

Cork material

Relatively new thermal insulation for underfloor heating. Consists of cork granules glued together. This is an expensive but effective insulation. Its structure consists of microcapsules with air inside, securely attached to each other.

For the installation of a warm floor, plates of different thicknesses, roll substrates are used. Cork is rarely used as the main insulation layer. Usually it acts as a finishing floor covering in combination with chipboard, mineral wool or foam.

Advantages and disadvantages

It does not need to be compared to other insulation materials. Since cork insulation has a different area of ​​application - decorative finishing.

Pros:

• Low thermal conductivity. Its structure of small granules with air does not conduct heat well.
• Natural composition. Cork insulation refers to environmentally friendly materials harmless to humans.
• Low weight. Underfloor heating made of cork does not overload the floor slabs.
• High sound insulation. It dampens both percussion and airborne noise.
• Nice appearance. Finishing with cork insulation will decorate any interior.
• Resistance to dynamic loads. It is a durable material that regains its original shape after deformation.

Minuses:

• Price. He himself and his installation is an expensive pleasure, not accessible to everyone. Before laying cork insulation on a warm floor, it is necessary to perform a number of preparatory work.
• Relative instability to mechanical damage from sharp objects. It can be pierced with a knife. The original form of the coating will not be restored.
• Biological instability. Bacteria and fungus thrive on its surface.

Cork warm floors cannot be cleaned in the usual way. They absorb moisture. Better to use a washing vacuum cleaner.

This is a new thermal insulation technology for water floor heating. The main task of the mats is to insulate the floor inside the room. They must also be strong in order to withstand the weight of: pipes with water, cement-sand screed and topcoat, as well as the dynamic load from human actions.

The minimum density of the heat-insulating mat is 35-40 kg / m 3.

Types of underfloor heating mats:

• covered with foil;
• covered with a waterproofing film:
• polystyrene foam;
• corrugated.

Foil covered

Consist of a layer of foam and foil. They are used when the warm floor is an additional heating system. Roll insulation is placed under water pipes. The reflective foil surface is facing upward.

Foil mats must not be installed on ground floor floors. For this, a different type of insulation is used.

A metal mesh is placed on top - this is the basis for the heating water pipes.

Covered with a waterproofing film

Consist of foam, foil and plastic film. Have a higher density than. They can be used for arranging underfloor heating on the ground and basement floors. The film has markings for easy pipe installation. A cement-sand screed fits well on such mats. No metal frame is required for pipe installation. They are fixed with fastening brackets.

Expanded polystyrene

Thermal insulation for underfloor heating is similar in properties to polystyrene foam. The thickness of the mat is 50 mm. They have a high density. They hold the brackets for fastening the heating pipes firmly. Mats are suitable for underfloor heating as the main source of heating. Their surface is not marked for pipe laying.

Corrugated

It is 20-25 mm high. The thickness of the insulation itself is 10-35 mm. Suitable for fast laying of pipes with a diameter of 14-18 mm.

They have low thermal conductivity and high noise insulation. The density of 40 kg / m 3 provides a solid base for the warm floor. The slabs have end locks. They are connected to each other in a monolithic and solid foundation.

There are two types of corrugated mats:

• No laminated backing. They are not covered with vapor barrier foil.
• With laminated backing. They are covered with a vapor barrier foil.

Laminate mats are preferred as they are placed on any surface.

Video

The efficiency of the entire heating system will depend on which insulation to choose. Therefore, the selection of material is taken seriously, using the tips and recommendations written above.

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Articles on equipment and calculations of heating systems

Insulation for a water-heated floor

The most important element of the water floor heating system is insulation. It's hard to argue with that. A water-heated floor is made to heat the room located above it, and not under it. To prevent the passage of heat from the pipes of the water-heated floor down and direct all the heat to the top, it is necessary to put a barrier. The correct selection of insulation is the key to high-quality operation of the heating system.

Those who plan to install underfloor heating in their house or apartment must think about which insulation is more correct to use. This is especially important for those who plan to make the home heating system only water-heated floors.
Types of insulation used for laying a water-heated floor.

Penofol, energoflex and the like

Unfortunately, one of the most widespread materials used as insulation for a water-heated floor. This material is always in sight in most heating equipment stores. It is used by both installers and those who make water-heated floors with their own hands. The opinion is:

♦ firstly, it is a heater;

♦ secondly, it has a reflective foil and directs heat upward;

♦ thirdly, it is lightweight and fits into any car, even if you can bring it by tram;

♦ fourth - easy installation, rolled out and that's it;

♦ fifth - well, very cheap !!!

Let's say right away - this is the most unsuccessful option for insulation for a water-heated floor. Let's explain why.
1 . The foil will effectively reflect heat when there is air in front of it. There is no such air in the screed. Everything is plump.
2. Mortar or concrete erodes the foil very quickly. Take a look at the picture. A chipped piece of screed to which the foil from penofol is stuck.

The same piece of solution, only after three days:

We think it's better not without comments or on yourself experiment... Not a trace of the foil remained. Some may say that it can be covered with plastic wrap, and some manufacturers have already started producing such material with a film applied. Yes, in this case the foil will be protected and preserved, but the reflection effect will still not appear.
3. Insulation thickness. Most often, penofol or a similar material is used for laying under pipes of a water-heated floor with a thickness of 3, 5 or 10 mm. Is this thickness enough? Let's say right off the bat, you will lose heat to the ground. If you have main gas, it may not be very noticeable financially, but if you are heated with electricity, cylinders or diesel, then the amounts will not be small. We offer several calculations. Coefficient thermal conductivity penofol ranges from 0, 37 to 0, 50 W / m * C. Filling with cement-sand mortar.

Calculation with a 5 mm thick penofol

Goes into the ground more than half of what that goes into the room.

Payment with a thickness of penofol 10 mm

Also big losses.
When 45C is applied to the floor, it takes 30 watts.
Let's count and draw a conclusion. Every hour it takes 30 watts per m2.
30 * 24 * 149 = 107,280 W or 107 kW for the heating season.
24 - hours a day
149 - heating season in Krasnodar. In other regions, it can be much higher.
Today, the cost of 1 kW of electricity is about 3.5 rubles. 107 * 3, 5 = 374, 5 rubles will cost each square meter, every year. That kind of money will be enough for any good insulation and will even remain, and next year there will be continuous savings.
If, when pouring, instead of a cement-sand mortar, use a semi-dry screed ... This will be even greater loss of heat and your hard-earned money. And less heat will go up. We will get the most irregular and most wasteful underfloor heating in the world.
Conclusion: use penofol and similar materials as the only insulation for a water-heated floor systemit is forbidden . If you put it under penofol, for example extruded expanded polystyrene, and roll out foam foam with markings on top, for the convenience of installing a warm floor with a certain step, this will be correct.

Extruded expanded polystyrene

It is considered the best insulation for use in a water floor heating system. This material has good density with a low coefficient thermal conductivity... If you spread penofol with markings on such a heater, then with the help of special harpoons, you can quickly install the pipes of the water floor. The harpoon is only needed to fix the pipes during the pouring of the screed. You can also use a metal mesh on top with a different mesh size of 100 * 100. 150 * 150, 200 * 200. Depending on the laying step, a mesh with the corresponding cell. The mesh, with the help of fungi for insulation, we attach to the floorthrough the insulation, and to it, with the help of electric clamps, we knit the pipes of the warm floor.
It must be remembered heat resistance is the thickness of the material divided by the factor thermal conductivity... The thicker the material and the lower the coefficient, the less heat is wasted. Unlike penofol, such material can be laid in layers without loss of strength and the thickness can be brought to the required size.

Let's make a calculation with extruded expanded polystyrene with a thickness of 50 mm.

Under the same conditions, we lose only 6.6 watts, this is five times less heat. The use of such a heater for a water-heated floor is the most effective.

Thermopol is the optimal insulation for a water-heated floor

Another material that I often use as insulation for laying a water-heated floor. The advantage of such a heater is that the pipes fit into special grooves. The speed and simplicity of laying the insulation itself and pipes is the main advantage of such insulation. Any thickness of the same can be laid under it. extruded expanded polystyrene... When pouring, pipes in the grooves are better protected from damage. You can lay boards or plywood and calmly roll a wheelbarrow or walk with buckets without stepping on the pipes of the water-heated floor.
With the same special grooves, there are also specialized mats, but their prices sometimes go beyond all reasonable limits.

Another frequently asked question. Suppose you have a wardrobe full of things. Length 3 m, width 0.65 m. Such a cabinet, through a finishing coating and a screed, evenly presses on the insulation. Let it weigh 2000 kg. We count.
3 * 0.65 = 1.95 m2
1, 95 * 100 * 100 = 19500 cm2
2000/19500 = 0.102 g / cm2.
The pressure is only 100 grams per cm2 !!!. For example , extruded expanded polystyrene is able to withstand 35 kg per cm2. Output . WITH insulation for warm sex all will v okay on stretch decades. AND yet - MICE HIS NOT Gnaws.

Price insulation for water warm sex

Left to voice price insulation.

Thermopol - we use products company « KAO». Price depends from density and hesitates from 190 before 230 rubles per m2. If base not even, have to enjoy additional fasteners. Is added 20 -30 rubles on each square meter.

Extruded expanded polystyrene - price such material v district 4500 rubles per cubic meter. V cuba 33 m2 at thickness insulation 30 mm. It turns out, what 1 m2 costs 135 rubles. Net reinforcing. She need not so many for reinforcement, how for fastenings pipes with certain step stacking, and to pipes water warm sex not surfaced at fill. Take necessary with reserve on overlap. Price nets 3 mm with cell 150 *150 mm v district 60 rubles. WITH coefficient on overlap will cost 70 rubles. Fasteners v the form fungi for insulation 20 -30 rub. V given case he obligatory. Electrical clamps. Needed for fastenings pipes To reinforcing grid. it about 20 rubles. Price Total kit it turns out 255 rubles.

Substrate for warm floor type penofol. Price quality substrates, at thickness 10 mm v district 100 rubles per m2. Farther can to go two ways. Or use reinforcing grid, or use dowel-yoke 6 mm for fastenings electric cable. V first case price will 170 rubles per m2, in second 110 rubles per m2. But how insulation such option not works. About this we wrote above.
If take gold the middle. That v quality insulation for warm sex better Total use option with thermofield.
We ready to produce design and mounting water warm sex « under key»

Are you arranging a water-heated floor system in a country house and it's time to lay an insulating underlay? Agree that among the variety of thermal insulation materials offered by manufacturers, it is sometimes not easy to make the right choice.

We will help you determine which insulation is better for a warm water floor. Together with you, we will deal with all the intricacies of assembling heat-insulating systems. We will investigate the characteristics of popular materials, evaluate the key advantages and disadvantages.

Independent DIYers will find assembly instructions here. To make it easier to navigate the assortment offered by the building materials market, we have selected rollers with recommendations on the choice of insulation and installation.

Any instructions for installing a water-heated floor for independent craftsmen indicate that it is necessary to use a heater.

The insulation layer when arranging a water floor performs several significant functions. It helps not only to ensure uniform heating of the room, but also, acting as a heat shield, can significantly reduce the energy losses of the system.

The screed, laid on top of the insulating layer, takes on the properties of a one-piece heat transfer element with a large surface area.

The main purpose of the insulating layer is to evenly distribute heat in the heated room, preventing it from leaking through the floor slabs

Due to the uniform distribution of energy, the ordered convection heat flow begins to move at the same speed and in the same direction. As a result, evenly distributed heat waves will not form cold and hot areas on the floor, creating the most comfortable conditions for households.

In addition, due to the direction of flows of warm air along one course, it is possible to reduce the cost of electricity for operating the system, while maintaining its capacity unchanged.

Correctly selected insulation for a water-heated floor can significantly reduce heat losses, and also helps to achieve the most uniform heating of the room with minimal costs.

Only the correct approach to the choice of a heat insulator contributes to obtaining a full-fledged heating through the water "warm floor" system.

Laying of heat-insulating materials for a warm water floor should be carried out after a number of basic preparatory measures, represented by the dismantling of the old coating and high-quality preparation of the base for the insulation flooring. The modern "warm floor" system is not capable of fully functioning without the use of a sufficient layer of high-quality insulation.

During the operation of underfloor heating in the presence of unsatisfactory insulation, the formation of very characteristic "cold bridges" is noted, which negatively affects the heating of the room and is accompanied by significant thermal energy leaks.

As a result, the cost of money for paying energy bills is sharply increasing.

The advantages of the water "warm floor" system include the possibility of self-assembly, a wide price range for the materials used, getting the fastest and most uniform heating, providing a comfortable tactile floor covering and the absence of even a minimal risk of electrical injury during operation.

When arranging the system, it is necessary to take into account the rather high cost of all components with the highest thermal conductivity coefficient, as well as the limited choice of materials for finishing.

One of the main advantages of the “warm floor” system, properly equipped with the use of high-quality insulation, is the economy of energy consumption, which, depending on the area of ​​the heated room, can vary within 10-70%. Any violations during the installation of such a system, as well as a complete neglect of thermal insulation, minimize efficiency and do not allow the room to be optimally heated to comfortable temperature indicators.

To ensure the economic feasibility of arranging the "warm water floor" system, it is very important not only to choose the right type of insulation, but also to correctly determine its thickness and other basic parameters.

Types of heaters under a water-heated floor and their features

In the water "warm floor" system, the heating element is represented by a reliable and high-quality pipeline with a coolant in the form of water, which, as a rule, is laid in a screed. The presence of a special heat-reflecting substrate, which is a kind of screen, helps to correctly direct the thermal radiation. Standard types of insulation are available in both slabs and rolls.

This category also includes special profile mounting mats, the upper part of which, after laying the pipeline, is filled with a small amount of adhesive solution. The adhesive can dry well within a couple of days, after which further work can be performed.

Expanded polystyrene under a water heat-insulated floor

Plate heat-insulating material can be represented by polystyrene and modern polystyrene foam, which are characterized by high strength and the ability to withstand sufficiently large mechanical loads.

Foam plastics are a less practical option, as they can deform during operation, which often causes a decrease in thermal insulation capacity. Roll insulation is very popular.

The presence of a foil-clad reflector on the thermal insulation helps to reduce the overall thickness of the stacked "pie". Such material is characterized by the presence of special markings that facilitate the self-installation of the heating water circuit.

Water floor with underlayment

The standard thickness of modern roll lining, as a rule, does not exceed one and a half centimeters. The mineral version of the insulation is used quite rarely, due to the need to use a special protective layer.

It is also allowed to use a cork heat-insulating coating. Cork insulation has good strength characteristics, optimal sound insulation and lack of adhesion to any cement mortar.

Special heat-insulating mats greatly facilitate independent installation, which is due to the presence of latches designed for quick pipe laying and the most reliable fixing of the pipeline.

Before you start installing a warm floor, you need to think about the finish coat. perfectly acceptable, but you need to choose the correct option.

We will consider how much it will cost to carry out an infrared warm floor into an apartment.

Which floor heating to choose - water or electric? will help you put everything in its place and make the right choice.

What type of insulation is the most effective?

Independent arrangement of concrete structures in heating systems requires the use of compacted or pressed heat-insulating materials with an increased level of strength. Insulation is the main element that has a direct impact on the indicators of the overall efficiency of the water system "warm floor".

Warm floors - pie

The correct arrangement on the ground floors is especially important, since the use of a low-quality heat insulator often provokes a significant loss of thermal energy. Building codes regulate the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, which can vary depending on the type of material and its physical parameters. On concrete slabs, the thickness of the material should not be less than 50mm.

Experts recommend using pressed glass wool or the most durable, modern plates based on expanded polystyrene. The density of such heat insulators cannot be less than 30 kg per cubic meter. To improve the coefficient of thermal conductivity allows the presence of a layer of aluminum foil.

Regardless of the type of insulation materials used, pipelines can be plastic or metal. The first option is the simplest and cheapest, and copper pipes are not only expensive, but also highly efficient.

General technology of laying and installation

Self-made installation of the water system "warm floors" will require a very careful study of the installation instructions and assumes an individual approach.

Today, several design options are practiced, which differ in installation methods and indicators of thermal efficiency:

• Concrete screed. The classic option is the arrangement of a thick concrete screed, into which, according to the instructions, a metal or plastic pipeline is laid. The system is controlled by means of a special unit and standard sensors.
• Dry construction very much in demand in the presence of wooden floor elements, which is due to the low weight and a decrease in the overall level of load on the supporting elements. In this case, the pipeline is laid on a plywood base, and a plywood interlayer is also mounted between the laid pipes.
• Application of flexible rolls with plastic pipes it is important, if necessary, to heat a small area. This version of the "warm floor" water system is very much in demand when used as a finishing finish for soft flooring. The advantages include the possibility of using it on all types of floors, and the main disadvantage is the presence of a high hydraulic resistance of a small-diameter pipeline, which increases the load on water pumping equipment.

The most commonly used lightweight polystyrene construction. It is a versatile option and can be used on any type of base. The structure consists of a film waterproofing, laid on a well-leveled base.

The perimeter of the room is equipped with a compensating adhesive tape, after which a slab insulation with special technological protrusions is laid.

After laying the pipeline with the coolant, pressure testing is mandatory, which allows timely identification of any violations in the sealing of the laid system.

After checking, waterproofing foils and gypsum fiber boards are installed. The final stage is finishing, which can be any and is selected depending on the taste preferences of the consumer and the design of the room.

When laying underfloor heating, each room has its own heating branch. The distribution of the coolant is carried out using a manifold - comb. is not inferior in its functionality to the purchased system.

You can familiarize yourself with the instructions for installing underfloor heating "National Comfort".

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