Double elongated roof. Gable roof

At the heart of each roof lies a large number of beams, rafters, racks and runs, which are all together called the rafter system. For a centuries-old history of species and methods of its organization, a lot has accumulated, and each has its own characteristics in building knots and wrist. For more information about what a dual-tie roof is a rafter system and how rafters must be attached and other elements of the system will talk in more detail.

Design of the rafting system of the bone roof

In the context, the double roof is a triangle. It consists of two rectangular inclined planes. The two of these planes are connected at the highest point in a single skate bar system (run).

Now about the components of the system and their appointment:

• Mauerlat - a bar, which connects the roof and walls of the building, serves as a support for the rafter feet and other elements of the system.
• Stropile legs - they form the inclined planes of the roof and are support for the crate under the roofing material.
• The ski run (bead or horse) - combines two planes of the roof.
• The tightening is a transverse item that connects opposite rafting legs. It serves to increase the rigidity of the design and compensation of the suspension loads.
• Lecky - Bars located along Mauerlat. Redistinate the load from the roof.
• Sidebreaks - support rafting legs.
• Racks - transmit a load from the run to liter.

The system can still be attended by the Falinka. These are boards that lengthen the rafting legs to form a sink. The fact is that to protect the walls and the foundation of the house from precipitation, it is desirable that the roofing ending as far as possible from the walls. To do this, you can take long rafting legs. But the standard length of sawn timber 6 meters is not enough for this. Order non-standard is very expensive. Therefore, the rafters simply fuse, but the boards that they do are called "Films".

Stropile construction systems are quite a lot. First of all, they are divided into two groups - with urban and hanging rafters.

With hanging rafyrs

These are systems in which rafter legs are based on the outer walls without intermediate supports (bearing walls). For bantal roofs, the maximum span is 9 meters. When installing a vertical support and sub-vessel systems, it can be increased to 14 meters.

The suspension type of the rafter system of the duplex roof is good because in most cases there is no need to put Mauerlat, and this makes the installation of rafting legs easier: no need to make anything, it is enough to throw the boards. For the connection of the walls and rafters, the lining is used - a wide board, which is fixed on studs, nails, bolts, riglel. With such a structure, most of the driving loads are compensated, the effects on the walls are directed vertically down.

Types of rafter systems with hanging rafters for different spans between carrier walls

Slinged system of two-tie roof for small houses

There is a cheap version of the solo system when it is a triangle (photo below). Such a structure is possible if the distance between the outer walls is not more than 6 meters. For such a rafter system, you can not make a calculation over the angle of inclination: the horse must be raised over the tightening to the height of at least 1/6 of the length of the span.

But with such a construction of rafters, significant bending loads are experiencing. To compensate or take the rafted larger cross section or the word of the skunk part make so that they are partially neutralized. To give greater stiffness at the top of both sides, wooden or metal linings are nourished, which reliably fasten the top of the triangle (see also not pictures).

The photo also shows how to grow rafting legs to create a saint of the roof. There is a wrist, which should go beyond the limits of a line spent from the inner wall up. It is necessary to shift the place of the outbreak and reduce the likelihood of deadlock.

The ski knot and the mounting of the rafter feet to the lining board at a simple version of the system

For mansard roofs

A variant with the installation of the riglel - used at. In this case, it is the basis for covering the ceiling located below the room. For reliable operation of the system of this type, the womb of the riglel should be awesome (tough). The best option is half-fertility (see figure below). Otherwise, the roof will become unstable to the loads.

Please note that in this scheme there is Mauerlat, and the rafting legs to increase the stability of the design should go beyond the walls of the walls. To secure and docking with Mauerlat, a word is made in the form of a triangle. In this case, with uneven load on the rods, the roof will be more stable.

With such a scheme, almost the entire load falls on the rafter, and therefore they need to take a larger cross section. Sometimes raised tightening strengthen the suspension. This is necessary to prevent its deflection if it serves as a support for the ceiling sheat materials. If the tightening is small, it can be used in the center on both sides by boards, nails. With a significant load and the length of such insurance, there may be several. In this case, too, enough boards and nails.

For large houses

At a considerable distance between the two outer walls, a grandmother and a sawmill is installed. This design has high rigidity, since the loads are compensated.

With such a long span (up to 14 meters), make a delay one-piece complex and expensive, therefore, they make it from two beams. It connects with direct or oblique bore (drawing below).

For reliable docking, the connection site is enhanced by a steel plate planted on the bolts. Its dimensions should be greater than the dimensions of the Wheel - the extreme bolts are screwed into solid wood at a distance of at least 5 cm from the edge of the wrist.

In order for the scheme to work fine, it is necessary to make a spreader right. They transmit and distribute part of the load from the rafter tightening legs and provide stiffness of the structure. Metal linings are used to enhance compounds

When assembling a two-sheet roof with hanging rafters, a lumber cross-section is always greater than in systems with spots rafters: load transmission points are less, therefore, each element accounts for a large load.

With urban rafyles

In duct roofs with sputum rafters, they rest on the walls, and the middle part is based on the bearing walls or columns. Some schemes cut the walls, some are not. In any case, the presence of Mauerlat is necessarily.

Furgent schemes and knots

Houses folded from logs or timber react poorly to spacer loads. For them, they are critical: the wall can fall apart. For wooden houses, the solid system of the two-tie roof should be faithful. We will talk about these systems in more detail.

The simplest faded diagram of the rafter system is shown in the photo below. In it, the rafter foot resumes in Mauerlat. In this option, it works on bending, without cutting the wall.

Pay attention to the mounting options for the rafter feet to Mauerlat. In the first, the platform of opira is usually mounted, its length is no more than the sections of the beam. Sword depth is no more than 0.25 of its height.

The top of the rafter feet is laid on the ski bar, without fastening it with the opposite rafter. It turns out in the structure of two single roofs, which in the upper part are adjacent (but not connected) one on the other.

It is much easier to assemble the option with a rapid foot fastened in the skunk part. They almost never give the walls on the walls.

For the operation of this scheme, the rafter legs are attached at the bottom with the help of a moving connection. To secure a rafter foot to Mauerlat, one nail is clogged or the bottom of the flexible steel plate is clogged. Options for fastening the rafter feet to the skate run, see the photo.

If the roofing material is planned to use heavy, it is necessary to increase the carrying capacity. This is achieved by an increase in the cross section of the elements of the rafter and amplification of the skate assembly. It is shown in the photo below.

Strengthening the skate assembly under heavy roofing material or with significant snow loads

All the above diagrams of the bantal roofs are stable in the presence of uniform loads. But in practice, this is practically no happening. You can prevent the roof location towards the larger load in two ways: installation at an altitude of about 2 meters of contractions or pins.

Options for rafter systems with bats

Installation kits increases the reliability of the structure. So that it worked normally, in the places of its intersection with the drains, it is necessary to fix it with nails. The bruse cross section for the fight is used as as for the rafter.

Slingetts are attached to bots or nails. Can be installed from one or two sides. The attachment assembly to the rafters and the skate run look in the figure below.

In order for the system to be rigid and not "crawled", even with emergency loads, it is enough to ensure a rigid fastening of the skate bar. In the absence of the possibility of its displacement in the horizontal, the roof will solve even significant loads.

Systems of spitting rafters

In these embodiments, subcording legs are added for greater stiffness, which are also called piping. They are installed at an angle of 45 ° in relation to the horizon. Their installation allows you to increase the length of the span (up to 14 meters) or reduce the cross section of the beams (rafted).

The pump is simply substituted under the desired angle to beams and is nailed with nails from the sides and below. An important requirement: the boolean must be cut accurately and tightly lay down to the racks and the racking leg, eliminating the possibility of its deflection.

Systems with substropic legs. From above the spacer system, the bottom - the fault. Nodes of proper cuts for each are located nearby. Downstairs - Possible Toward Fastening Schemes

But not in all homes the average carrier wall is located in the middle. In this case, it is possible to establish a pitch with an angle of nnnone relative to the horizon of 45-53 °.

Systems with pins are needed if significant uneven shrinkage of the foundation or walls are possible. The walls can be sitting in different ways on wooden houses, and the foundations are on layered or bright soils. In all these cases, consider the device of rafting systems of this type.

System for houses with two inner carrier walls

If there are two bearing walls in the house, there are two subcupile beams that are located above each of the walls. The intermediate bearing walls are stacked, the load from the substropyl beams is transmitted to the litters through the racks.

In these systems, the ski runs do not put: it gives spacer forces. The rafters in the upper part are connected one on the other (clipped and fit without gaps), the connection location is amplified by steel or wooden linings that are nailed.

In the upper factional system, the tightening is neutralized with a driving force. Please note that the tightening is placed under the run. Then it works efficiently (upper diagram in the figure). Sustainability can be provided by racks, or extends - beams installed by defective. In the spacer system (in the picture it below), the crossbar is a blower. It is installed above the run.

There is a version of the system with racks, but without inferior beams. Then the rack is nailed to each rafter foot, which rely on the intermediate bearing wall.

Fastening the rack and tightening in the rafter system without a substropsy run

For mounting racks, nails are used for 150 mm and a 12 mm bolts. The dimensions and distance in the figure are in millimeters.

The row roof is the most standard option. It is with her that even small children draw a house, and it is she who comes to mind. And this makes sense: this roof is simple in its design, at the same time adapted for a variety of climatic conditions and has sufficient stability that humanity has no one century. But in practice, the ideal forcep roofs are not so often - often just with unequal angles of inclination, different length of the eaves and unusual design. The reasons for such an "anomaly" are usually two: either so the owners of housing tried to express a certain architectural feature of the house, or to this led certain operational requirements. Or different types and options for bantal roofs actually make up a lot of bonuses in the form of additional comfort, style and functionality! Tell me?

In fact, the double roof is two slopes that are fastened at a certain angle. But under what, the same, and solidly the rods themselves, and depends on what kind of roof you are going to build:

• Traditional symmetric.
• Asymmetric, with different angles of rods.
• Broken, with the refraction of the skates in the middle.
• A row roof with a skate is not in the center of the building.

For centuries Verified classic: from 30 ° to 60 °

Of course, today it is a symmetric duplex roof yesterday. The most simple in the construction and in miscalculations, with ergonomic classic designs, which is based on an anoscele triangle. A sharp corner is well assigned any atmospheric precipitation, snow does not accumulate, and the roofing material can be used any.

A classic symmetric duplex roof is also called forcep. In essence, these are two inclined planes-rocks of rectangular shapes, which are installed under the desired angle to the walls of the building. And the functional features of such a roof depend on the corner itself.

The row roof, depending on the corners of the rod, there are such types:

• Classical with an angle of 45 °. The most common option for houses width up to 8 m.
• Color, with an angle of less than 45 °. It occurs more often on small houses in particularly windy regions.
• Pointed with angle of inclination 60 °. It is the most expensive construction option, but justified when the roof neighbors break from tons of snow.
• Broken with rods of different angles: 30 ° and 60 °.

The angle of inclination of such a roof is calculated based on the climatic features of the area. For example, the roofs with a steep angle of inclination usually build in the regions with especially snowy winter, and gentle rocks - in windy regions. Where rains are more often than the sun, and in winter a lot of snow, this angle should be at least 60 °.

It is clear that the steeper the skates, the easier it is to reset them with themselves and not to give rainwater to linger on the coating for too long. But such a roof is able to disrupt the wind, which is fraught with considerable loss and problems. And therefore, if your locality is more windy than snowy (and the wind snow from the roofs usually blows away), then the skates should be made by gentle. So the whole difference between these subspecies of the classic duplex roof: canopy and steep.

Skates of different lengths: for additional attacks

Yes, such a roof looks unusual. But this design has a huge advantage in the fact that for the same gazebo, the garage or pool no longer need to build a separate roof or canopy. This is a considerable savings, agree, and an attractive memorable design.

The essence of this kind of roof is that she has one slot noticeably longer than the other.

Broken Roof: All for Herzard Coats

The whole of this kind (even a subspecies) of the bartal roof lies a rectangle, over it - a triangle and two more triangles on the sides. The ceiling in the attic is high, windows can be installed vertical, and in general space looks cozy and as close as possible to the ordinary residential room. Yes, geometry is still unusual, but it is rather plus. But now, with one of the sides of the attic, you can safely add balcony.

The broken rope roof is built when they are going to equip the residential attic in the future. After all, the room is obtained cozy and warm, the conventional duct roof is not enough due to such minuses:

• On the skates it is quite difficult to make high-quality attic windows. Such is difficult to open, they leak during the rain and visually lose the vertical.
• On such skates, do not make almost no attachments in the form of a balcony and other additional elements.
• Inclined walls in the interior, no matter how the designers did not play them, do not look too comfortable. And on some people also pressure psychologically.
• The sharp corners indoors are not really a bonus, but a problem, and they are quite difficult to beat comfortably.
• Heat such a roof more complicated than broken.

That is why the foes on each slope are so important: the angle changes, and the inner space of the attic is obtained more cozy and spacious.

As you can see for yourself, it does not happen easier:

Or these are broken-broken:

Assymmetric roof: design and practicality

At the heart of the asymmetric roof, the refraction of which is not in the center, is based on an arbitrary triangle. It just has different angles, and therefore different sides. As a result, one slope of the roof around the area is already greater than the other, and the load on it will also be different. Therefore, the asymmetric roof is more complicated in the calculations: the load on both skates are not the same, and there will be little in the rafter system of identical elements. Somewhere you have to do something thicker, to strengthen something, but to save on something.

Unusual "broken" the inner space of such an attic is quite comfortable, and, as if cut walls hide behind fitted wardrobes. Yes, and psychological to anyone to live in such an attic much more comfortable: no sharp pitched walls.

The big advantage of this variant of the double roof is that now the windows in the attic will be inclined, and vertical, and the water is already harder to get into the inner space. Moreover, in such premises there is an opportunity to even attach a full-fledged balcony!

So why such a fruit? Why are such complex calculations if a classic never goes out of fashion? Such roofs, with asymmetric elements and forms, usually not only the whim of architects and designers, but also the excellent opportunity to make a living room under the roof is more comfortable and spacious.

The asymmetric roof itself really looks stylish, and is able to make an interesting any boring gray house.

"Understanding" of rafal systems of the duplex roof

And here we picked up the most popular unusual views of the row roofs:

It is not difficult to build such unusual duplex roofs: they are laid all the same principles, it simply connects the rafters in a different way. The only thing that needs to be done is to carefully calculate in advance the future loads of the roof and how much such rafters are ready to withstand them. And all the costs of time and effort on the construction of an unusual roof will necessarily pay off a more interesting design, spacious and comfortable attic and other functional bonuses.

With the attic and without: change the trash to valuable meters

In fact, what is kept in the attics of ordinary private houses? Of course, trash! And all over the world has long become fashionable to abandon such a part of the roof in favor of a cozy attic or a real second floor, only with slightly pitched walls. And the attic itself in a more correct concept as a space for underpressure ventilation remains, however, under the coating.

But all this concerns only residential buildings. But for a real Russian bathhouse it is imperative to create an air layer between the steam from the ceiling and the top roofing coating. Otherwise, the snow in winter on such a roof will constantly be adopted, and then you alone and hang icicles. Therefore, the attic in such buildings to be!

Levels: Mansards with a scope

Planning to make the attic more spacious than just the cherished attic under the roof? Then decide first how much it will have levels. Yes, mansardes are (and often) two-story!

Why is it important to solve in advance? Business in the supports and stability of the rafter system:

• Single-level attic roofs are the simplest in terms of the device. They are usually not considered part of the structure of the house due to ease and simplicity. But at the same time, no one hurts you to make two attic rooms at once and even raise one of them on the podium.
• Two-level attic roofs are already built as part of the house, the same as the second floor. Accurately calculated weight and load on the foundation.

Of the advantages of two-level roofs - vertical walls, twice as many living space, unusual stylish architecture. And with all this is still not a full-fledged second floor, and therefore the costs are not at all.

Chose the option you like? Then proceed to the construction site, and our site will help you in this!

Types and options for two-sheet roofs: Overview of all designs

This is not so easy to double the roof: both broken, and with different angles, and with a displaced axis. Understanding architects or hidden benefits? Full review of all

How to construct a two-screw roof?

Two-tie roof is a design consisting of a pair of slopes under the tilt.

Also, such a roof is known as the forcepovaya. In simple language, the two-tight roof is a triangle, which turns on top of the skate. Such an option of the roof is one of the most comfortable and simple options for the roof design and is considered to be relevant for more than one century.

The duct roof is considered the most popular, and its construction is the easiest.

Varieties of duplex roofs

Classification of two-sheet roofs

• broken (mansard) two-sheet roof;
• two-tight symmetric roofing;
• two-screw asymmetric roof.

Types of pitched roofs of houses.

The first type is often used in the construction of a two-tie attic (broken) roof, since such a type of construction leaves a large space in the attic. The symmetric roof is the most traditional option that has an equally chaired triangle. In the case of the last construction, the horse is arranged not in the center, but with a small displacement. This option has an original and unusual look, although it does not leave a lot of useful attic area.

In addition to the above, construction can use other, more bizarre and rare structures. One of these is a two-tie multi-level roof, whose rods are not converged, and form a broken structure, ending at different heights. Such a roof looks, of course, it is impressive, but for its creation it is necessary to have an impressive construction experience. The same applies to such an option as a two-screw half-haired roof, at first glance, which seems the most ordinary forcep, but it has beveled elements around the edges of the skate.

Roofing slope angle

For similar types of structures, the most important characteristic is the angle of slope. Double roofs with a small slope angle are most suitable for areas with a temperate or dry climate with a small amount of precipitation. If the house is built in a very humid area with very frequent rains, it is better to make a bodice abruptly, about 60 degrees so that water does not accumulate on the surface of the roof and flowed down as quickly as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the big bias leads to an increase in the impact of the wind on the roof. In order to correctly calculate the design of the two-sheet roof, it is necessary to carry out the sum of all maximum loads.

The formula for calculating the angle of inclination of the roof.

In addition, the choice of roofing depends also from the angle of the slope. For example, on the roof with a big slope of the skate, it is best to use tile.

Features of the soling system of the two-tie roof

When the design of the two-tie roof is erected, only the most important details of the rafter system are needed, namely, Mauerlat and the frame itself (rafters with pins). To make them, you need to acquire high-quality wood in the form of 150 × 150 bars and boards with a cross-sectional size of 50 × 150 millimeters.

Types of rafting systems of a bone roof.

The frame of the two-tie roof can be made in two ways:

The utilization type of the rafter system is most often used in the buildings in which the internal bearing walls are provided. It can be used as an intermediate support. If the width of the roof does not exceed ten meters, then one support will be required to be erected; If the roof has a width of more than ten meters, the number of supports increases in proportion to. The values \u200b\u200bof the rafter system is more suitable for buildings that do not have internal bearing walls. The frame of such a roof consists of two belts: the top, which goes two rafters, and the lower, consisting of rigidly connected tensions. The rafters of such a roof rest on Mauerlat, and the ends of the rafter are on the outer walls.

The frame of the two-tie and broken roof can be enhanced by creating support frames. They do not allow to sign in inclined elements and significantly increase the strength of the structure. Sometimes the monsard walls are installed to the support raam (with a broken roof). In addition, the support frame is located on the carrier inner wall removes a part of the overall load of the roof.

How to calculate the frame of the bartal roof of the house?

The most standard and simple option provides that the design is based on an equally chaired triangle. In this case, it is enough to calculate the presence of a school base.

As the famous Pythazhov theorem says, height divides an equally chaired triangle into two equal rectangles. From this it follows that it is necessary to know the value of the width of the roof and its height of the skate. Then you can make the calculation of the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and calculate the required number of building materials. In the calculations, it is necessary to take into account the batteries on the eaves and the placement of the material of the Vangest.

Handy construction of a double roof of the house

Stages of construction work

The formula for calculating the roof area (it is necessary to calculate the number of building materials).

You can move from the theory to practice. First of all, you need to start laying overlap beams. It is necessary to choose the building material, taking into account the further use of the attic space: for the purpose of the device of the economic room, as the material uses conventional boards, and for the disposal device (in the case of a broken roof), thicker bars are needed, resting on the bearing walls.

The building around the perimeter is equipped with Mauerlat, which is fixed by anchors. It will be possible to make nests for bars backups.

Then you can move to work on farms. You can make them in advance and simply raise on the roof, and can be made directly during the process.

Please note that the frontones need to be made to the installation of the rafter. As well as rafters, they are made of wooden boards with a cross section of 50x150 mm.

As a rule, rafters are arranged in such a way that the top of the top, and the bottom - in Mauerlat. If it is impossible to implement, you can apply additional elements that bear the title of the scales. So rafters, resting in the ceiling beam, will be fixed stronger and more reliable.

Installation and attachment scheme Maurolalat.

A special connection is arranged at the top of the rafter system, called "Castle". To ensure maximum strength for construction, grandmas and rigleels are used.

As the fastener can also be used screws, and nails and wire.

During construction, you can take advantage of the following useful tips:

1. The position of each rafter can be monitored using a construction plunder.
2. Installation should be started with opposite farms, between which the cord is tensioned.
3. Sometimes it is possible to use a cracker, resting in the middle of the rafter foot and in the rack and fixed with nails. Thus, the framework turns out more hard.
4. It is more convenient to prepare rafters in advance so that they are symmetrical and the same. But still with a minor error so that each individual element can be in place to adjust with greater accuracy.
5. Upon completion of the work, you can proceed to the insulation device and lay the roofing material.
6. Device of insulation and waterproofing.

Waterproofing and roof insulation

To create reliable waterproofing, how the material is best used a special film. There are types with diffusion membranes or two-circuit ventilation.

Since the wet and warm air from the bottom enters the attic room, the insulation material must be protected on both sides of the exposure of moisture. For this purpose, steamery systems are used, which does not allow fluid to accumulate in the hygroscopic layer of material.

In order to insulation, it is possible to apply both bulk and rolled material. Mineral wool is considered the most popular material from builders. Keep in mind that when working with this material it is necessary to wear a protective mask and building gloves, since dust distinguished from the wool during stacking is harmful to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, and the skin of the hands may damage the offices that this material is littered.

Roof roofing material at home

After you laid insulating and waterproofing material, you can start laying the roofing material. For him, the roof is suitable for a roof, which is perpendicular to the rafal bruse. The lamp allows a more uniform load distribution to the design.

When installing the crate applied the step depends on which material is selected for the roof coating. For a slate sheet, the step size will not be at all like the soft tiles.

Types of roofing materials: sand tile, soft roof, ceramic tile, rubber roofing, metal tile, wooden.

During the construction of a two-sheet roof, it is possible to use a wide range of building material as a finish. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages, so the choice always remains yours.

We are briefly run by the main options:

1. Metal roof. It is a good and reliable solution. Textural sheet varieties are manufactured, which create the visibility of the tile, and there are both the metal tile. In the case of a selection of copper coating, instead of steel roofing serves more than a hundred years. But such a design, of course, will fly to you in a penny.
2. An unusual and extravagant way is to use wood coating. In the event that it allows the overall style of the house, you can cover the roof of a wooden shingle or spindle. Houses with a wooden double-tide roof will become a spectacular point of attention.
3. Using another type - bulk and soft coatings, you can budget and practically make the roof design. But there is one nuance: such a coating material is possible only on roofing with a suitable slope - this method is not suitable for a very cool skate.
4. And finally, natural tile is an elegant, classic and prestigious coating material. It is characterized by quality that is checked by millennia of use, exquisite appearance and a long service life, with all this possessing quite a decent cost.

Practical findings

The two-tight roof of the house has always been considered a universal coating material. It is easy to figure out how to make a two-tie roof with your own hands, while not even having an appropriate education. It is for this reason that such a design has become very widely used for private buildings.

All your efforts will be justified only if all stages of work are fulfilled. This type of roof can serve both for the attic, during the construction of the lone of the roof and for a cold attic.

Double Roof Design: Features

The design of the two-tie roof is the most common and easy to erect, so it is of great popularity in private construction.

Duscate roof: varieties, design, drawings and diagrams, photo

Roof At home is a design that is at the top of the structure. It gives the building a beautiful and finished look and protects From solar scoring rays, snow and rain.

Each future owner at home When it is erected, it wants the roof to carry all atmospheric adversity. Therefore, before starting to start building, It is necessary to decide what kind of roofs give preference so that it reliably protect the house.

In our country, in almost all regions winter happens snowy and cold. It is necessary to choose this kind of roof that will be excellent resist Wind and atmospheric precipitation. She should also be simple in installation, have good streams and do not flow During pouring rains and thawing snow.

What are the forms of roofs

Roofs Flat and scanty. Flat roofs are almost not used in the construction of houses, since service Designs of such a form will be problematic: rainwater on it stuck and the snow in winter has clean up Alone.

Scanty Roofs are practical designs. Atmospheric precipitation do not accumulate on their surface, as rainwater and snow freely short Skate in the drainage.

This kind of roofs are very popular when erected individual houses and cottages.

Depending on the design frame Element Scope roofs have the following forms:

The most popular view of protective structures in the construction of residential buildings is considered gable roof. It is characterized by ease of creation and economic Factor, since when the construction of this design, trimming and other roofing material is practically absent. Our ancestors were erected by duplex roofs on houses that served Not one generation of families.

Types of duct roofs

Duscal structures are there three types:

All these types different from each other not only forms, but also square attic room that can be used as an additional space For storage of things and other business purposes.

You can also do mansardu - room for residence of someone from family members. Arrangement roofing In this case, it will have its own characteristics, as it is necessary to insulate the attic.

To understand which design to give preference, It is necessary to consider everyone Type separately.

Symmetric bone roof

This is the most common Option of a duplex roof in the construction of individual residential buildings and cottages.

Symmetry helps to do load On the walls and Maurylalat uniform.

With this form of construction rafyla Will be fucked, and rEDACK You can install anywhere.

Great for such a design as a roof of professional flooring - reliable and durable material that is good antician Wind and atmospheric adversities.

Duscate roof with different angles of slope

If the angle of one slope make more 45 degrees, then under the roof you can set out Additional residential room.

Under construction asymmetric The bartal roof is necessary to produce the right on the walls and the base of the house in such a design will be distributed unevenly.

In addition, the angle of inclination depends length skate that should be considered when choosing roofing Coatings. For example, professional flooring is not recommended to use on the roofs, in which the length of the skate exceeds 12 m.

Loaven nippers, or roof

Thanks to such a design, you can make a full-fledged second Roof floor with large windows and spacious rooms.

In this case, the line frame The roofs should be at a height of at least 2.8 m.

This kind of roof is essential is different from ordinary symmetric or asymmetric roof, and not only in the visual plan.

As roofing Coatings are used metal tile and other materials.

In addition, duplex roofs can be part of a variety of combinations. For example, multi-type The roof consists of a large number:

Another combination of this type of construction - polvalmovaya roof. It's not just a beautiful, but also a practical decision, thanks to which you can get spacious Mansard and durable roof.

Options of the rafter system

The rafter system is the foundation Any roof. It will carry all the loads, so you need to do the right calculations Before starting work.

Consides weight roofs, dohes, snowy and wind load.

The rafting system of the bone roof can be different types that differ location retaining elements, as well as fasteners.

Hanging rafal

This type of rafter system is used when necessary to do light Roof design.

It may be needed if there are no capital partitions in the house, and the rafters will only rely on side walls.

The distance between the walls should be at least 6 meters and no more 14 meters.

Hanging rafyled give greasy Load on the walls. To reduce it, various connectors Elements horizontally and diagonal. With their help rafters fasten between themselves. To such connecting elements You can attribute:

Slopils

The rolling line system is used when there is inside the house capital walls.

Installation of such rafters is much easier Compared to the previous option.

The main reference design point will be ski run.

Before beginning Installation of the rafter system is needed to lay on the wall waterproofing and install maurylalat.

And how to make hands with your own hands, you will learn from this article.

Design of a bartal roof

When erecting a double roof, you must first lay the beams overlapping. Material for beams are chosen taking into account future use. caiden.

If it is planned to make the room for household Needs, then use ordinary boards.

For device mansard Rooms will need a thick bar that will rest on the bearing walls.

Beams are mounted with each other with nails.

The rafting system is the carrier element of the roof in the form of framework Which is attached at the overlap. Installation stropil must be competent because it depends on it reliability all design.

The main elements of the row roof design.

• Mauerlat - This is the "foundation" of the roof, and it is often installed along the entire length of the supporting structure.
• Skown run Fastened on the bearing racks in a strictly horizontal position. This important carrier element will have to keep the weight not only the roof, but also snow that can accumulate on the roof in winter.
• Grussol It is performed from a bar with a size of 40 x 40 or 50 x 50. The elements of the crates are mounted with the help of nails.
• Installation runs and stropil Requires careful calculations, because the errors in this case are unacceptable.

Doom and, accordingly, roof will hold well and serve for a long time if installation All systems are made clearly and correctly.

Advantages of a gable roof

TO advantages This type of roof can be attributed:

• Practicality. If the attic room is enough spacious Then you can arrange an attic or a full attic for economic things.
• In the attic or in the attic you can install heating and air conditioning systems.
• Rainy Water and snow will perfectly go with an inclined plane of this type of roof.
• Original appearance. During construction, you can choose the roofing scheme as with the same and with different angles of inclination.
• Construction A bantal design does not require the use of the most complex technological solutions.
• Does not require large cash costs During the holding repair work.
• Even inexperienced A homemade master will be able to carry out the construction of such a roof.
• This type of design is suitable for style of any form. basis.
• The embodiment of anyone designer Ideas in design design: convex or concave rocks, various decorative elements, original towers, arki..

Gable roof, done with your own hands - it a great Choice for a person who wants to build durable and a practical house. After all, this design has many advantages And there are no shortcomings.

Duscate roof - characteristics and advantages

The roof of the house is a design that is at the top of the structure. It gives the building a beautiful and finished look and protects against solar scoring rays, snow and rain. Each future owner of the house with its construction wants the roof to carry all atmospheric adversity. Therefore, before starting construction, it is necessary to decide what kind of roofs give preference so that it reliably protect the house.

Stages of construction of a two-tie roof an angle with their own hands

The roof is one of the main elements of the house, along with walls and foundation. Without its proper device, the house will not be strong enough and comfortable for living. The result of a bad roof will become dampness, wet walls, all kinds of diseases and additional heating spending.

The preferred type of roof depends on the climate of the area, prevailing weather conditions. The most common in our conditions are two-tight, simple enough in the construction and maintenance, and reduce the load from snow or other celestial moisture. An important role in choosing them is the aesthetics.

Types of two-sheet roofs

The double roof is a fairly simple design consisting of two slopes, connected at an angle. They form something like a triangle. But with all the simplicity of this figure and triangles are different. Double roofs are different.

The main differences of their designs is the angle of inclination. Depending on the type of structure and other necessary conditions, it can be varied. In addition, the angles under which the skates are installed may differ and each other. As a result, one of the types are erected:

1. Simple symmetric;
2. Simple asymmetric;
3. Loars (feling can be both internal and outdoor).

Each types have their own positive and negative sides, forcing those or the other to choose the builders depending on the circumstances.

Simple symmetric roof

This type of construction is undoubtedly the most common. It is the easiest option for making your own hands. Its appearance always looks good. In the end, it is good and the fact that under such a roof there is a lot of useful attic space.

According to the title of the design, it can be seen that it is its distinctive feature: the rods are formed by an equilibried triangle. The symmetry of this figure allows her to look proportionally on any home.

Simple asymmetric roof

The main difference from the previous version is also directly reflected in the title. The roof of this type of roof is shifted to the side and as a result of the triangle that is formed by it turns out of an equally traded in the versatile. This design looks modern, so well suited for houses in modern style.

The asymmetric roof has two important features:

1. Reduction of the sizes of attic rooms;
2. Unequal load distribution.

As a result, this type of construction is good for those who need an extra room for rooms that can be brought right until the roof. But it requires the right calculations.

Loaven roof

This type of construction is most complicated, so it is decided to do it with their own hands. Although, in fact, it is quite possible. It is just important to conduct initially correct calculations. After all, the main feature is the wrong form, where the loads are distributed extremely unevenly.

The main advantage of the broken roof, besides its diverse appearance, is that it gives the maximum free area under it. As a result, you can equip a full-fledged residential second floor, attic. Thanks to this feature, it is also called the attic.

Construction of a rafter system

The rafting system is the roof of the roof. There are two main design solutions for a trunk roof rafters:

1. Slot rafters;
2. Hanging.

Construction of a soling system of a two-sheet roof

The first one is used when the house has internal supports, for example - bearing walls. In the case of their absence, the suspension type is preferable.

But no matter what type of the rafter system is decided to build, everyone who wants to know how to build a roof with their own hands, should understand the main elements of the design. Namely:

• Stropile foot or simply rafyla. Stropile legs are the basis of the construction of the entire system. They are located on top, along the building, and combine among themselves for the formation of a farm. Because it is they who keep the roof covering, then it is important to use durable wood. It is desirable that it was a log or a bar. Installation is made on the basis of pre-produced calculations, since it will be very difficult to change something subsequently;
• Stropile stand. This element of the design helps to distribute the load from the rafter. It is a vertically located bar. Its location depends on the type of construction, which has a roof and from its size. If we are talking about a simple symmetrical roof with a slight width of the span, then the rack is installed in the center. If the width is large, then two are additionally put on the sides. The asymmetrical option involves the location of this element depending on the length of the rafted, and the broken - two on the sides. True, if the rooms are more than one, then in the latter case you need an additional rack in the center;
• Run. The main task of the runs to connect rafters, at the same time giving them stiffness. Ramans can be skate or side. The first is at the very top of the roof, in the area of \u200b\u200bits skate. Take runs from Bruus. Sometimes apply boards. The most common cross section is 50 by 150 mm. If the run is made not only by the skate, but from several brusons or boards on the sides with a large length of the roof, then they are supported by a rack that runs from the skate and resting on a liter. Lateral runs are connected to it by means of a tack;
• Troop. They are a design of browns located under a certain angle and resting on a litter. Their main task is to serve support for racks. May be diagonal or longitudinal. The latter are most often used, they are on the same plane with rafters. At the same time, the first is necessary if there is an elevated snow or wind load in the area. With it, it is also desirable to choose an angle of 4 degrees;
• Sill. Located at the very bottom of the design. If possible, it is placed on the inner bearing wall. Its main purpose is to serve as a support for racks. Sucks are attached to him;
• Tightening. This element connects the rafting legs, located under them perpendicularly. In parallel, it provides greater rigidity of the design;
• Rigel. Also connects the rafter legs, but in contrast to the tightening not below, and on top. Mounted mustleless. Make a rigle from the board of the same section as the rafters themselves;
• Grussol. This element is installed at the final stage of mounting the rafter design, since it is the base for the coating. It consists of bars and boards that are parallel with each other rafters from top to bottom. In addition, it serves to fasten the roof, the root helps to redistribute the load from it. Therefore, the distance of the elements between itself depends on the material that will be used when the coating.

The general idea of \u200b\u200bthe meaning of each element of the structure will greatly facilitate the task of building a two-sheet roof with their own hands.

Calculation of the load on the various elements of the roof is the most important step, since the strength and safety of the structure depends on it. It must be remembered that it is the triangle that is its most rigid part.

Loads on rafters can be three species:

1. Constant. These are the loads that the rafters feel constantly. For example, the weight of finishing and roofing materials, dohes, etc. In order to find out enough to find all these weights. Usually, the constant load is about 40 kg / m.kv.;
2. Variables. They act at different times with different strengths. These include, for example, windy. In order to calculate the wind load or the load from precipitation, you need to look into the SNiP;
3. Special. We are talking about loads associated with increased seismic activity.

When calculating the load exerted by snow, its weight multiplies the established correction ratio, taking into account the wind pressure. Also introduced the coefficient of the roof angle of inclination - than below, the greater the load. With an angle exceeding 60 degrees, it is not taken into account.

Tilt angle

The correct calculation of the angle of inclination depends on some features. First, much depends on the selected material. So, Ondulin, professional flooring, metal tile, slate require an angle of 20-45 degrees. A soft roof is up to 20 degrees.

Secondly, the angle of inclination depends on the climate in which the roof is erected. If there are little precipitation, then you can make it minor. And with large quantities - on the contrary. But it is worth remembering that large angles are subject to large wind loads.

Length of Stropil

The calculation of the length of the rafters does not represent a special difficulty. It is based on the Pythagora theorem. The length of the rafter is taken for the triangle hypotenuse. And the role of cathets is performed - the height of the roof and half of the width of the house. To the resulting value it is worth adding a few tens of centimeters for the recording.

Step of rafter foot

Their choice depends on the weight of the structure used to cover the roofing of the structure and the material used. It usually varies within 60-100 cm.

Cross section of timidate

Calculation of the correct required cross section of rafters is one of the most important points, since this indicator greatly affects the reliability of the structure. This takes into account:

• Load;
• The length of the rafter;
• Step rafters;
• Used material;
• Type of wood used in the construction of the house.

The higher the step of the rafter legs is the higher and the cross section.

Types of rafter systems

There are two main types of rafter systems from which the two-screw roof is chosen. We are talking about hanging and urban and rafters. Each of the species is intended for various structures.

Hanging design

Hanging are designed for small houses whose width does not exceed 6-6.5 rose meters. They are not suitable for houses with a wide roof. Also, they are also not used where there is a medium carrier wall.

Constructive features

A feature of the design of the hanging rafters is that they are based on two extreme bearing walls. As a result, the system is under strong exposure to the inspiration. If necessary, it is reduced by means of a fastening at the bottom of the rigleel.

Mounting to Mauerlat.

The design feature of the hanging rafters dictates and how they are attached to the "foundation" of the entire system - Maerlat. The only fastening option is the use of a node with a zero degree of freedom. Hinges, for example, use it is impossible.

System

Slot rafters are a non-alternative option when it comes to a big roof. But for them you need or the presence of an inner bearing wall, or specially installed intermediate supports. In parallel, Mauerlata is stacked, which makes part of the load from the design.

Differences between hanging and sprinkling rafters

Hanging rafters do not require intermediate supports or inner bearing wall, but their driving force strongly affects the design. At the same time, due to the fact that they are also based on a litter in the middle, the sputum rafters are easier, including in the assembly. They are better suited for large roofs.

Double roof device with your own hands

As already noted, the two-sheet roof is particularly popular due to the fact that its design allows you to build it with your own hands. What is naturally quite attractive for those who like to build himself or want to save significantly.

The construction of a two-tie roof design consists of several large steps, each of which is important to perform correctly. In this case, the roof will stand for a long time and will not fall.

Installing and mounting Maurolat

Formally, the double roof can be made without Mauerlat. In this case, the rafters will rely on the beams of overlapping. But it is not recommended to do one simple, but an important reason - the beams will have to make an additional burden on the roof.

Malelalat is installed along the wall on which rafters will be relying, parallel to the skate of the house, as shown in the photo.

Mauerlat.

Mauerlat compound

The ends of the BRUSIV, which will be connected, are wedged at an angle of 90 degrees. After the ends are applied to each other, they are fastened with bolts and only them. It is important not to use some other material instead of bolts, by type of nails or wire.

Moorlalat attachment methods come from the fact that it is installed on top of the wall. At the same time, it can be located both strictly in the center of the wall and shifting to one of the edges. But it is important to observe the distance of five centimeters to the outer edge.

A layer of waterproofing is put together between the wall and the bar. To do this, it will be quite a simple runner.

This will protect the tree from the influence of moisture that can fall on the walls. The fastening itself should be as strong as possible, because it will have to withstand the wind load. There are several ways to fix Maurolat to the wall.

Moerolalat fastening methods are largely dependent on what material is built on the house.

• If the building is elevated from monolith, the best solution is anchor bolts;
• If the house is erected from the bar, then the usual solution is wooden brazed. They can be strengthened with additional fastening;
• A rather common attachment is a bracket. They are like that they are quite universal, although they are not the most strong decision;
• If the building is elevated from porous materials, such as foam concrete, then the correct choice will be the mounting of Mauerlat on the reinforcement;
• A hinge fastening, due to the fact that it is sliding, is primarily suitable for those houses that are built from materials giving a noticeable shrinkage;
• As an additional fastening, it is possible to apply a durable, for example - knitting, wire. As an independent version, it does not apply.

The right choice of fastening will give the opportunity to survive the roof of the blows of even the strongest wind.

Setting rafters and racks

There are two options for assembling rafting legs. They can be collected or on top, on the roof, or below, on Earth. The second option is easier to do with your own hands, but it takes longer. The second will require the use of mechanisms, since manually the construction of the rafter system is difficult to raise.

But, one way or another, the production of the rafter needs to be made strictly on the markup. For this, special templates are well suited for this, which are made from plywood after all calculations were performed.

Scheme fastening rafal

Before fastening the rafter feet to Mauerlata, they need to do in them. It is possible to cut only rafters, since such procedures over Mauerlat weaken it. For fastening, three nails are used. Two of them are clogged at the edges, and the third you need to drive through the upper plane of the structure in the center. Through the use of three robbed thus, the sropling leg is well attracted to Mauerlat and does not move.

As for the upper attachment of the rafken between themselves, then there are three main ways to do it.

1. Without a reference timber. The rafters can be splitting online or ankle. In the first case, the ends are trimmed so that equal angles formed. After applying ends to each other, they are connected using a metal or wooden plank. In addition, the top is robbed a nail. When connecting the flashes, the ends are cut in need and connected bolts;
2. Using a support bar. This method is necessary if we are talking about a big roof. Skid rafters are also attached to jack or braziness, but additionally they are based on the bar, which in turn also serves as a support for racks;
3. Washing method. He implies a word of rafting legs into the supporting timber.

The skate support is mounted after two extreme rafter legs are installed. Then there is a mounting racks. And then, the remaining rafters. You can see it in a photo or video.

Water insulation and protection

Proper insulation and waterproofing are very important in the domestic climate. Especially when it comes to the roof, which is constantly and strongly affected by the environment. Yes, and moisture that accumulates in the house itself, also rises to the attic in the form of a couple.

Based on the foregoing, it is important to choose a heater having a vapor barrier function. Otherwise, its type does not matter. But what concerns the waterproofing, the rolled species are considered the most appropriate. For example, a special film. It can be easily put directly on rafters. How it is done can be seen on the video.

Installation of dohes

The latter is mounted, but it plays not a latter role.

Without it, it is inconvenient to move on the roof, and the roofing material is superfluous pressed on the rafted. In addition, it makes it possible to appear with an air cushion between roofing material and insulation.

The design of the root and its step depends on which material will be laid on the roof.

1. The lattice lattice is laid under slate, tile or metal tile, professional flooring. In the case of metal tile, the distance should be 350 mm, and under slate and professional flooring - 400 mm;
2. A solid drying is used for soft coverage types.

Installation of dohes

Make it from a bar or board, and if we are talking about soft - from plywood, sheets of OSB or the same board. Located on the bar located along the rafter, as shown in the photo and video.

Calculation of the roof area

The two-sheet roof often has a simple form, so it will not be difficult to calculate its area. But it is extremely important to do exactly, because the consumption of materials depends on the knowledge of the area.

Calculation of the roof area

Holding the roof area, for this not to be confused, you should not pay attention to the parameters of all kinds of ventilation holes, mansard windows or chimneys. Just find out the height from the ceiling overlap to the skate and the length of the skate run. These parameters are variable. If the roof area is divided into sinus angle of inclination of the rafter, then you can find out the area of \u200b\u200bone slope.

Typical parameters

A feature of the design, which is distinguished by a double roof, is that it can be divided into separate sample parts. Considering the area of \u200b\u200beach such element, separately and arrange all together, you can get the desired amount of materials.

Since the roof is done with the inclination, then you need to know its angle.

Cosine angle is needed to determine the exact indicator of the area of \u200b\u200balmost all items.

Typical elements are the legs of the rafters forming the basis of farms. In addition to them, there are disclosures, pods, supports, runs.

Roofing: Selection and installation

Installation of roofing is the final stage of the work. But he is preceded by choosing a suitable material. Nowadays, manufacturers offer a huge selection of roofing materials, each of which has its advantages and cons. The choice is always for the consumer and depends on its aesthetic preferences, monetary capabilities and climate.

• Natural tile. It is very beautiful, traditional, but at the same time and expensive material. Her high price is offset by a very long service life, unless of course it is not specifically to beat it or they affect it extremely unfavorable weather conditions;
• Metal coating. Such a roof is also a fairly traditional solution. Today manufacturers offer many options for metal sheets for roofs, differing not only in durability, but also appearance;
• Wooden roof. The roof of the shingle or spindle undoubtedly has many aesthetic advantages. But on quite expensive and without special treatment is subject to rotting;
• Bulk coating. It is considered to be quite inexpensive and reliable. Refers to the category of soft coatings. The disadvantage is that it can be used only on the roofs with not very cool skates.

The installation of each of the types of materials is made in its own way and various fasteners are used for them. Information can be found from the video or from the manufacturer. After mounted, the cornese skes.

Fastening details

The ability to correctly secure the slightest details is the most important in the manufacture of the roof with your own hands. There are several main methods for connecting and fastening parts of the roof design.

So, the groove compound is used, bonding the diagonal parts. If we are talking about the combination of perpendicular elements, it is suitable only for those where the strength is not so important.

Metal corners and plates are also quite popular. They are distinguished by good strength. But the disadvantage is the danger that some screws will turn from loads. To minimize risks, a combined method of fastening is used.

The cost of the two-sheet roof

The cost is very much from whether the roof is done with their own hands or with the help of masters. In the latter case, it will be significantly more expensive and the price can reach a few hundred thousand. In the first case, the main costs will go to the materials.

The total price of the structure includes:

• Materials;
• Installing Mauerlat;
• Installation of the rafter system;
• Installation of waterproofing;
• Installation of the root;
• Installation of the roof.

The performance of any of these elements owns the construction itself.

Fronton covering

FRONTON is a noticeable part of the house. Therefore, for its sheat, it is customary to use attractive materials. It can be a board on the roof, plywood or siding. In the case of wooden houses, the fronton can cut out in advance. More about this is told on the video.

Double roof due to the simplicity and availability of the design, allowing it to arrange including with their own hands, has become a truly universal solution. Knowledge of individual features will easily avoid major problems when it is erected.

How to make a double roof with your own hands

Types of double roofs. The design of the rafter system. Required calculations. Stages of the construction of a two-sheet roof. Cost.

A duplex roof or tweezing is a roof of two skate, i.e. Having 2 inclined surfaces (skates) of rectangular shape.

The frame of the two-sheet roof due to the design features perfectly combines the simplicity of device and maintenance with reliability and durability. These and many other parameters make the construction of a double roof with a practical and rational solution for private and commercial home-building.

As part of this article, we consider how to make a soling system of a two-tie roof with your own hands. For effective perception of the material, it is presented in the form of a step-by-step instruction from A to Z, from the choice and calculations, before the installation of Mauerlat and crates under the roof. Each step is accompanied by tables, diagrams, drawings, drawings and photos.

The popularity of the roof of the house is due to a number of benefits:

• design variability;
• easy in calculations;
• natural water flow;
• the integrity of the structure reduces the probability of leakage;
• economy;
• preservation of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe attic or the possibility of arrangement of the attic;
• high maintainability;
• strength and durability.

Types of two-sheet roof

Installation of the rafter system of the bone roof depends primarily from its design.

Several options for two-tie roofs (types, species) are distinguished:

1. Simple double roof - symmetrical

A simple duplex roof - symmetricly common because of the simplicity and reliability option of the roof device. Thanks to the symmetry, a uniform distribution of loads for bearing walls and Mauerlat is achieved. The view and thickness of the insulation do not affect the choice of material.

The cross section of the bar makes it possible to ensure the reserve of bearing ability. There is no likelihood of rafting. The backups and spacers can be put almost anywhere.

An explicit drawback is the impossibility of arranging a full-fledged indoor floor. Due to acute corners, "deaf" zones are appear, which are not suitable for use.

2. Simple asymmetric bone roof

A simple asymmetric duct roof of one angle of more than 45 ° leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the unused area. There is an opportunity to make residential rooms under the roof. At the same time, the requirements for the calculation are increasing, because Load on the walls and foundation will be distributed unevenly.

3. Loars of a row roof, with an external and / or inner break

The broken rope roof, with an outer and / or inner breaking roof design allows you to equip a full-fledged second floor under the roof.

Naturally, a simple double rafting roof is different from broken, not only visually. The main difficulty is to fade in the complexity of calculations.

Construction of a soling system of a two-sheet roof

Building the roof of any complexity with their own hands involves the knowledge of the appointment of the main structural elements.

The location of the elements is shown in the photo.

Elements of the rafting system of the two-tie roof Elements of the solo system of the two-sheet roof - scheme 2
Elements of the rafting system of the two-tie roof - scheme 3

• Mauerlat.. Designed to distribute the load from the rafting system on the bearing walls of the building. For the arrangement of Maurolalat, a timber timber is chosen from durable wood. Preferably larch, pine, oak. The cross section of the bar depends on its type - one-piece or glued, as well as from the alleged century of the structure. The most popular sizes are 100x100, 150x150 mm.

  Council. For a rafter system made of metal Maurylalat should also be metallic. For example, a chawler or a foreign profile.

• Stropile foot. The main element of the system. For the manufacture of rafting legs, a durable timber or log is used. United legs form a farm.

The silhouette of the rafting farm determines the appearance of the structure. Examples of farms in the photo.

Farm options for the rafting roof system

The parameters of the rafter are important. We will talk about them just below.

• Tightening - connects the rafting legs and gives them stiffness.

• Run:

• Skown runMounted in the place of the adjoining of one rafted to another. In the future, the roof lobs will be installed on it.

• SidebreaksThey provide farm extra hardness. Their number and size depends on the load on the system.

• Rack for timber - Vertically located bar. Also taken part of the load from the weight of the roof. A simple double roof is usually located in the center. With a significant width of the span - in the center and on the sides. In an asymmetric double roof - the installation site depends on the length of the rafted. With broken roof and arrangement of one room on the attic attic - racks are located on the sides, leaving a free space for moving. If the rooms are supposed to be two - the racks are located in the center and sides.

The location of the rack depending on the roof length is shown in the figure.

Location rack depending on the roof length

• Troop. Serves support for the rack.

Council. The installation of a pan at an angle of 45 ° significantly reduces the risk of deformation from the wind and snow load.

In the regions with significant wind and snow load, not only the longitudinal pump (located in the same plane with a plumbing pair), but also diagonal.

• Sill. Its purpose is to serve as a support for the rack and the mounting place of the pan.

• Okeekhet. Designed for movement during construction and fixation of roofing material. It is established perpendicular to the rafter feet.

Council. An important assignment of the crate is the redistribution of the load from the roofing material on the rafter system.

The presence of drawing and schemes indicating the location of all listed structural elements will help in operation.

Council. Be sure to add data about the device for the passage of the ventilation mine and the smoke pipe into the diagram of the double-circuit roof.

The technology of their device is determined by the type of roof.

Selection of material for rafters

When calculating the material on a double-wing roof, you need to choose high-quality wood without damage and wormochin. The presence of bones for beams, Maurolat and rafters is not allowed.

For the boards of the bumps of the bitch must be at the same time, while they should not fall out. Wood must be strong and treated with necessary drugs that increase its properties.

Council. The length of the bitch should not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the bar.

Calculation of the solo system of the two-tie roof

The calculation of the parameters of the material is an important stage, therefore, we give the calculation algorithm step by step.

The calculation of the rafter system is to know: the entire rafter system consists of a plurality of triangles, as the most rigid item. In turn, if the rods have a different form, i.e. They are an irregular rectangle, then you need to divide it into separate components and calculate the load and the number of materials for each. After calculating the data to summarize.

1. Calculation of load on the truss system

Load on rafters can be three types:

• Permanent loads. Their action will always be felt by the rafter system. Such loads include roofing, crates, insulation, films, good elements of the roof, finishing materials for the attic floor. The weight of the roof is the sum of weight of all its components, such a load is easier to consider. On average, the size of the constant load on the rafter is 40-45 kg / m.kv.

Council. To make a margin of strength for the rafter system better to calculate 10%.

For reference: Weight of some roofing materials per 1 m.kv. Presents in the table

Council. It is desirable that the weight of the roofing material coming on 1 m.kv. The roof area, did not exceed 50 kg.

• Variable loads. Act in different periods and with different strengths. Such loads include: wind load and its strength, snow load, precipitation intensity.

In fact, the roof slide is similar to the sail and, if we take into account the wind load, the entire roof design can be destroyed.

Roof wind load

The calculation is carried out by the formula: Wind load is equal to the region, multiplied by the correction coefficient. These indicators are kept in lowering "load and exposure" and are determined not only by the region, but also the location of the house. For example, a private house, surrounded by multi-storey buildings, accounts for less loads. A separate country house or cottage is experiencing increased wind loads.

2. Calculation of snow load on roof

The calculation of the roof on the snow load is carried out by the formula:

The complete snow load is equal to the weight of the snow multiplied by the correction coefficient. The coefficient takes into account wind pressure and aerodynamic effect.

Snow weight, which falls on 1 m.kv. The roof area (according to SNiP 2.01.07-85) is in the range of 80-320 kg / m.kv.

The coefficients showing the dependence on the angle of the slope are presented in the photo.

Calculation scheme of snow load on the roof

Nuance. At the corner of the slope of the skate over 60 ° The burden of snow on the calculation does not affect. Since the snow quickly slips down and will not affect the strength of the bar.

• Special loads. Accounting for such loads is carried out in places with high seismic activity, tornadoes, storm winds. For our latitudes, it is enough to make a stock for strength.

Nuance. The simultaneous action of many factors causes the synergies effect. It is worth considering (see photo).

Assessment of the condition and bearing ability of walls and foundation

It should be borne in mind that the roof has a significant weight that is able to harm the rest of the building.

Determining the roof configuration:

• simple symmetric;
• simple asymmetric;
• loaven.

The harder the shape of the roof, the greater the number of rafter farms and the subcording elements you need to create the necessary stock by strength.

3. Calculation of the roof inclination angle

The angle of inclination of the two-sheet roof is determined primarily with roofing material. After all, each of them puts forward its demands.

• soft roof - 5-20 °;
• metal tile, slate, professional flooring, ondulin - 20-45 °.

It should be noted that an increase in the angle increases the area of \u200b\u200bspace under the roof, but also the amount of material. What affects the total cost of work.

Calculation of the angle of inclination of the roof

Nuance. The minimum inclination angle of the bone roof should be at least 5 °.

5. Calculation of the step

The step of the rafted bartal roof for residential buildings can be from 60 to 100 cm. The selection depends on the roofing material and the weight of the roof design. Then the amount of rafter feet is calculated by dividing the length of the slope to the distance between the rapid pairs plus 1. The resulting number determines the number of legs on one slope. For the second number you need to multiply by 2.

6. Calculation of the length of the roof rafters

The length of the rafted for an attic roof is calculated by the Pythagorean theorem.

Parameter "A" (The height of the roof) is set independently. Its value determines the possibility of arranging residential premises under the roof, the convenience of finding in the attic, the consumption of material for the construction of the roof.

Parameter "B" equal to half of the width of the building.

Parameter "C"it is a triangle hypothen.

Council. To the resulting value you need to add 60-70 cm. For the marked and removal of the rafter foot behind the wall.

It is worth noting that the maximum length of the bar is 6 mp. Therefore, if necessary, the timing for rafters can be spliced \u200b\u200b(extension, docking, compound).

The method of splicing rafters in length is shown in the photo.

Methods of splicing rafters in length

The width of the rafted for the roof depends on the distance between the opposite carriages.

7. Calculation of the cross section of rafters

The cross section of the rafted double roof depends on several factors:

• loads, we have already written about it;

• views of the material used. For example, the log stands over one load, the timber - the other, glued bar - the third;

• the length of the rafting leg;

• wood type, which is used in construction;

• distances between rafyles (stepped step).

Determine the section of a bar for rafters, knowing the distance between the rafters and the length of the rafter can be using the data below.

Surface Side - Table

Council. The greater the installation step of the rafter, the greater the load falls on one rafter pair. So, the cross section of the rafter should be increased.

Sizes of lumber (timber and boards) for a two-tie rafter system:

• thickness (section) Maurolat - 10x10 or 15x15 cm;

• the thickness of the rafting leg and tightening is 10x15 or 10x20 cm. Sometimes the timing of 5x15 or 5x20 cm is used;

• run and pump - 5x15 or 5x20. Depending on the width of the leg;

• rack - 10x10 or 10x15;

• liezer - 5x10 or 5x15 (depending on the width of the rack);

• thickness (cross section) of the roof crates - 2x10, 2.5x15 (depending on the roofing material).

Types of the solo system of the two-tie roof

For the design of the roof design, there are 2 options: urban and hanging rafters.

Types of roof systems: with rolling and hanging rafters

Consider each kind of detailed in order to make a weighted choice.

Hanging rafal

Applied with a width of the roof no more than 6 mp. Installation of hanging rafters is performed due to the fastening of the foot for the bearing wall and the ski run. The design of the hanging rafters is especially the fact that the rafting legs are under the influence of the suspension. Hanging rafters with a tightening mounted between the legs allow to reduce its effect. The tightening in the rafter system can be wooden or metal. Often, tightening are put down, then they play the role of beams. It is important to ensure reliable fastening of the tightening on the rapid leg. Because it is also transmitted by a pilot effort.

Council.
The higher the tightening is located, the greater the strength it should have.
If the tighten is not to install, the bearing walls can simply "disperse" from the pressure generated by the solo system.

Slopils

Applied when arranged roofs of any size. The design of the spelling rafters provides for the presence of a chunk and rack. Liezer, lying parallel to Mauerlat takes part of the load. Thus, the rafting legs are working on each other and are supported by the rack. The rafting legs of the sleeve system work only on bending. Yes, and the simplicity of installation also inclues the scales in their favor. The only drawback is the presence of a rack.

Combined

Due to the fact that modern roofs are distinguished by a large variety of forms and complexity of configurations, a combined view of the solo system is used.

Combined view of the rafter system

After selecting the type of the rafter system, you can accurately calculate the number of materials. The results of the calculations write. At the same time, professionals are recommended to draw up drawings for each element of the roof.

Installation of the rafting system of a two-tie roof

After the rainbow roof rafters are calculated, you can start mounting. The process will break into the steps and give the characteristic to each of them. It will be a kind of step-by-step instruction, containing additional information on each stage.

1. Mount Mauerlat to the wall

The timber is installed along the length of the wall to which rafters will be relying.

In the logs of the log, the role of Mauerlat plays the upper crown. In buildings constructed from porous material (aerated concrete, foam concrete) or brick, Maurylalat is installed along the entire length of the carrier wall. In other cases, it can be installed between rapid legs.

Material prepared for site www.moydomik.net

The splicing of Mauerlat with each other (direct lock with bolts) Since the Mauerlat's length exceeds the standard lumber sizes, it is necessary to sprust.

The connection of Mauerlat is done with each other as shown in the figure.

How to connect Mauerlat?

The bars washed it only at an angle of 90 °. The compounds occurs with the use of bolts. Nails, wire, wooden brazening are not used.

How to mount Mauerlat?

Installing Mauerlat is performed on the top of the wall. Installation technology provides several ways to mount Mauerlat:

• strictly in the center of the carrier wall;
• with offset in one of the sides.

Council.
Maurylalat cannot be located closer than 5 cm. To the outer edge of the wall.

To protect the timber for Mauerlat from damage to it, it is placed on a layer of waterproofing material, which is most often the usual runner.

The reliability of the Mauerlat attachment is an important aspect of construction. This is due to the fact that the slop of the roof is similar to the sail. That is, it is experiencing a strong wind load. Consequently, Mauerlat needs to firmly fix on the wall.

Moveda Mounting Methods for wall and rafters

Mounting Mauerlat Anchorumanker bolts. Ideal for monolithic structure.

Mounting Maurolalat wooden antheamymed brazening. Used for log cabins from logs and timber. But, they are always used with additional fasteners.

Mounting Mauerlala's brackets.

Mounting Mauerlat on studs or fittings or fittings. It is used if the cottage is built of porous materials (aerated concrete, foam concrete).

Mounting Mauerlated with a sliding fastening attachment (hinged). A bundle in this way allows to ensure the displacement of the rafting legs during the shrinkage of the house.

Mounting Maurolalat War-and-aided wire (knitting, steel). Used as an additional fastening in most cases.

2. Production of truss farms or steam

Installation is performed in two ways:

• installation of bars directly on the roof. It is not used often because to carry out all the work, measurements, trimming at a height problematic. But allows you to fully accomplish your own hand;

• assembly on earth. Those., Individual elements (triangles or pairs) for the rafter system can be collected downstairs and then lift them to the roof. The advantage of such a system in a more rapid completion of high-rise works. And the disadvantage is that the weight of the collected design of the rafter farm can be significant. To raise it will be required special equipment.

Council. Before collecting rafter legs, you need to put markup. Very convenient to use templates for these purposes. The rafter collected pairs will be absolutely the same. For the manufacture of a template, you need to take two boards, the length of each of which is equal to the length of one rafter, and are connected.

3. Installing rafting legs

The collected pairs rise upstairs and are installed on Maurylalat. To do this, at the bottom of the rafter feet should be done.

Council. Since the slots on Mauerlate will weaken it, you can take a pressure only on the rafter foot. To the same washed the same and firmly lightened to the base, you need to use a pattern. It is cut out of plywood.

Methods for attaching a rafter foot showing in the figure.

Methods for fastening a rafter foot

Starting the installation of rafting steam is needed from opposite roof ends.

Council. To properly set the rafter legs, it is better to use temporary soap and struts.

Between the rapid pairs, the twine must be tightened with fixed pairs. It will simplify the installation of subsequent rafting steam. And also, denotes the level of the skate.

If the rafter system is mounted directly on the roof of the house, then the skate support is installed after installing the two extreme rafal legs. Next to it are fixed half of the rafter pairs.

It is worth noting that in this matter the opinions of professionals diverge. Some advise the use of a chess order of attachment, which will evenly distribute the increasing load on the walls and the foundation is more evenly. Such an order assumes the installation of one rafter in a checker order. After part of the rafter feet installed, the missing parts of the pair are assembled. Others, insist that you need to make a consistent installation of each pair. Depending on the size of the design and configuration of the farm, the strengthening of the rafting legs is performed by backups and racks.

Fixing with rapid brackets. Additional structural elements are connected with cutting down. Fix them preferably with construction brackets.

If necessary, you can lengthen the rafter foot.

Methods of splicing of the rafter feet are shown in the photo.

Methods of splice of the rafter

Council. The method to be lengthened by Mauerlat (washed at 90 °) in this case cannot be applied. It will weaken the raftered.

4. Installing the rope

The ridge of the roof is manufactured by connecting the rafter foot at the top.

The roof ridge device:

• The method without using the support bar (see Fig.).

Installing the roof of the roof without using the support bar

• Method using a rafter bar. The bar is needed for large roofs. In the future, it can be support for the rack.

• The laying method on the bar.

Installing the roof of the roof by the laying on the bar
Installation of the roof of the roof in the case of the lining on the bar

• The method shown in the photo can be considered a more modern variety of manufacture of the skate assembly.

Method for making a skate node

• Word method.

Setting the roof of the roof by the word

After the solo system is installed, we make the capital consolidation of all structural elements.

5. Installation of roof crates

It is mounted in any case, and is designed for a more convenient movement on the roof in the process of performing work, as well as for fastening the roofing material.

The shap of the crate depends on the type of roofing material, for example:

• under metal tile - 350 mm (the distance between the two bottoms of the crates should be 300 mm).
• under the professional and slate - 440 mm.
• under the soft roof we fill a solid crate.

Slinged Double Roof System with Athenor - Video:

Conclusion

As we see, despite the seeming simplicity, the installation of the rafter system of the bone roof contains many pitfalls. But, relying on the recommendations given, you can easily build a reliable design with your own hands.

Tags: Roof Double Row Roof

Fantasy games or invaluable benefit?

Advantages and disadvantages of pavement roofs

Uniqueness and design

Profitable architecture

And many more valuable advantages:

Confronting the elements

Present "Salvation" for the attic

Do or not do such a roof?

Types of distribution roofs

Overview of the most successful projects and construction examples

Different angle of inclination, but equal length of the skate

Different Skate Length, but one angle of inclination

Another project:

Skates of different shapes and lengths

The most unusual double-paved roofs

Duscate roof with displacement in the center of the skate

How to build a duplex roof with different skates

Calculation of a pavement roof

Load distribution

If your architect is against

Two-tight roof - a popular option of the roof of residential buildings. The design of such a structure can be of various species, but each option has certain features.

Features of the two-tie roof

The two-tight roof has two planes of skate, which can have an equal or different area. Depending on this, the type of roof is determined, but in any case the two-tie roof is the simplest of the options in demand in the construction of private houses.

Double roofs are beautiful and practical in operation

The design of the double roof includes a complex of elements that ensure reliability and protection of the building. When building such a roof, the following details are necessarily present:

• rafters consisting of rafting legs, vertical racks and inclined ducts;
• mauerlat, which is a series of timber, which serves to connect walls and roof;
• cracker is formed by connecting the rafter feet and is the topmost roof edge;
• falkets - are additional elements lengtheing the rafter legs;
• liezer in the form of a horizontal bar, is needed for the load distribution;
• svet roof, which protects the walls of the building from moisture, preventing sweep;
• doom - required for mounting insulation, roofing material, steam and waterproofing.

The design of the two-tie roof is simple and does not differ in great weight.

Each main roof element performs a specific function. For example, the rafter system is the basis for external roofing material, insulation, hydro and vapor barrier. The rafters create a form of a roof, and the two-tie roof is represented as a triangle. Vertical racks, fight, run and other details complement the rafting system and make it reliable. The basis of all this is Mauerlat, which serves to connect the roof with the walls of the building.

Types of two-sheet roofs

The plane of the two-tie roof is connected at an angle, forming a triangle. Depending on the fixing angle, different roof options are obtained. Each of the types of a two-sheet roof is characterized by certain features, such as the shape and size of the skates.

A classic two-tight roof allows you to create a attic on the attic

Symmetric or simple two-tie roof

The classic version of the two-tie roof is a symmetrical design, the skates of which have the same area and length. The angle of the plane compound may be different. For example, steep slides make it possible to create an attic attitude on an attic room. In this case, the angle of the skate is 35-40 degrees.

In the symmetric design of the skates have the same area

The symmetric roof has the shape of an equilibried triangle, and the base length may be different. The construction of such a design assumes the presence of all major elements of the solo system. In this case, the weight of the roof is evenly distributed into two walls serving the direct support of the skates.

Roofing asymmetric simple shape

The asymmetric roof has two slopes of different areas. Thus, the upper edge is shifted from the middle to one of the sides. As a result, the roof is formed in the form of a triangle with unequal sides.

The design of the asymmetric roof requires an accurate calculation of the load on the walls

The roof in unequal sides looks modern and suitable for different design styles, for example, modern. An attic room under such a roof has smaller sizes than with a symmetrical design. Design involves the strict and accurate calculation of the load on the wall, since one side of the roof carries out a large load than the other.

Two-tie lonic roof design

The broken design with an internal or outer angle of breakfast is the most difficult option. Independent construction of such a roof is extremely difficult and requires a professional calculation of all parameters. It is determined by the fact that when designing a broken roof it is important to determine the angle of the break, the load, the parameters of the rafter system at the site of curvature.

The roof of the broken shape looks spectacular and suitable for wooden or brick houses

The roofing with an inner or outer break needs not only in the exact calculation of the slope, but also its proper operation. In winter, large volumes of snow can accumulate on the upper skates, which should be eliminated in a timely manner. The broken roof allows you to create a spacious attachment of the attic, which is especially relevant with an outer blown of the surface. In this case, the height of the attitude of the attic of the attic of pretty comfort.

Photo Gallery: Double Roofing Options

Double roof in context

In the design process, the roof design is created in the context. This allows you to display all the features of the structure, specify the internal elements and their size.

The scheme greatly simplifies construction

A detailed drawing greatly simplifies construction, allows you to take into account all the features of the structure. The roof project in the context implies a clear contour, the display of both external and internal elements.

Advantages and disadvantages of double roofs

Two-tight blends of symmetric type are simple, practical and comfortable. A comparison of such structures with other options allows you to identify the pros and cons of two-tie structures. For example, hip or four-tight roofs allow you to get a spacious attic room than two symmetrical inclined planes. In this case, the design of multi-communal options is more time-consuming than creating a simple symmetrical design.

The more the rods, the more difficult design

If you compare two-screw roofs with different types of roofs, then the following main advantages can be distinguished:

• simple design and construction;
• light care, rapid sedimentation;
• quick installation of roofing;
• minimum amounts of joints, ribs and connections;

The roof with two slopes allows you to create a rather spacious attic room, but at the same time the height of the ceiling in the attic is small in the field of skates. Therefore, for the arrangement of a comfortable living space, a hip roof is often built. And also a two-sheet design requires the correct load calculation of the two main walls, which are based on the inclined surfaces. This avoids the skew of a symmetric type.

Features of structural elements

Double roof does not require creating particularly complex base systems and other elements. For the construction of a reliable and durable roof, it suffices to consider the features of the main components of the Slinge and Mauerlat system. The first component of the roof includes a complex of elements that ensure the strength of the structure. Maurylalat is the base of the roof to which the rafters join, leaning on the walls.

The project includes drawings on which the features of the connection of important elements are displayed.

Variants of Systems of Lropil

Systems rafters can be hanging and voted. The main difference between these species lies in the attachment method of rafters to Mauerlat, as well as in other features. Hanging roof rafters with two slopes are based on the side walls, creating a driving force. As a result, the supporting walls are subjected to high load, and to eliminate the negative impact, rafting legs are connected by a special tightening. This reduces the load on the bearing walls.

The diagram displays the main elements of hanging rafters, which are necessarily constructed during the construction of the roof

Provide the strength of the suspension of the system helps an additional tightening, equipped from above. This respected the distance from 50 cm from the rib or the ridge of the bartal roof. Hanging systems are optimal with the distance between external carrier walls of no more than 10 m. In this case, there should be no inner bearing wall. Thus, the hanging designs will be reliable and will provide protection at home.

The design of the hanging rafters is simple, but the calculation of the load on the walls is necessary

The sling of the rafter is created when another carrier wall is present between the outer walls. In this case, there is a reference beam, transmitting the weight of the roof for carrying structures. Instead of the inner wall columns may be present. At the same time, different types of rafters alternate, that is, the columns are based on the urban elements, and the hanging elements are mounted between carrier elements.

Drawing allows you to determine the features of the rafted for different buildings

Slot rafters are based on the ski bar and Maurylalat. In this case, the load is distributed not only to these elements, but also on the internal supporting structures.

Main stages of mounting

Before installing the roof, the drawings and project documentation are prepared, which are used in construction. The drawings indicate the size of the main elements, the type of their compound and other important points. Next, a complex of work is carried out, including the following main stages:

1. Construction Mauerlat on brick walls. If the walls are made of timber, the role of Mauerlat performs the upper crown, reliably fixed. At this stage, the base of the roof is waterproofing.
2. When mounting hanging rafters, they are collected in advance, and then carry out the installation of extreme elements and only after that the intermediates are fixed. The rafting elements are fixed by dosy, which are removed after installation.
3. After fastening the rafter feet, fasteners, tightening and other system components are fixed.
4. Installation of the roasting is carried out after the complete assembly of the rafter. Next, the laying of hydro and vapor barrier, insulation, an external roofing coating is carried out.

Video: Simple Two-Sheet Roof With Your Hands

The two-sheet roof is practical and can be quite a spectacular form, but its creation requires an accurate load calculation. It is from this that the durability and quality of the roof that protects the building from climatic influences depends.

Different roof with different skates: conquer asymmetry geometry

You are just going to build your home, and look for an unusual and energy-saving project? Then you have time to think about a pavement roof, which is also called asymmetric or asymmetric. This differs from the ordinary roof in that its two skates have a different length or angle of inclination. Most often, the duplex roof with different slopes is realized when it is necessary to create a single complex from home and an extension, although recently the classic roof canons have become forgotten about conventional architectural tasks. Want to know why? It is interesting!

American architect Frank Lloyd said at one time: "The Great Architecture is a testimony of the greatness of humanity." And indeed, the evolution of the roof for a long time until today is striking imagination. What just did not create architects of different times from the roof of a residential building!

And what only forms they did not create. Although the architecture of the last century is particularly surprised by its diversity, where in the chase for the unusual, originality and madness of the idea, simple residential buildings in projects and implementations turned into real space objects.

Sometimes the embodiment of the brown fantasy of the designer did not have a single little recognizable architectural element - no roof, there are no walls in their classical understanding too ... And at the turn of the centuries, the fashion for such buildings sharply went on the decline - rather due to the irrationality of the design solutions themselves.

But humanity learned from such a lot of benefit from a lot of use: for example, with a light heart, he moved away from the constant classic of the construction of the roofs, takes note of new rational ideas. As a result, it began to build really beautiful, albeit unusual roofs of private houses. For example:

• after placing one skate in the south;
• second under a different angle, or longer, to the north;
• correctly calculating all loads from wind and snow;
• wisely organizing the inner space of the house,

Such a builder is achieved much more than the efficiency of his creation than if he built an ordinary two-storey house under the duplex roof. Those. All minuses were retrained in the pros, and originality remained at the height:

As modern architects were calculated, the device of just one angle above 45 degrees significantly reduces the unused area of \u200b\u200bthe house. And it is worth it.

You will be surprised, but in fact the asymmetric roof is not so nova. More Ancient builders did not have modern computer programs and accurate measuring instruments as sufficient knowledge of stereometry in their arsenal. Therefore, they did not think about how perfectly evenly, it is still necessary to make a roof.

They used a long slingshot as the main measuring tool, and the cords and plumb tied to its ends. The slingshot was raised so that the plumb pointed just on the middle of the end wall of the construction. Next, the ends of the cord stretched to the corners of the house. If necessary, the slingshot raised higher or, on the contrary, lowered down. As soon as the sink was chosen, a special board was nailed to the wall of the house. The cord was fixed on these harnesses. So it turned out a clear visual boundary of future roof rods.

The difficulties arose just with the second row of the roof. The fact is that it was difficult to place the second board at one height with the first because it was built on a round forest in Russia. It is almost impossible to distribute such walls in one plane to the horizon. Therefore, to transfer the size of one boards to the second case was hopeless.

For more accurate measurements, the water level was already needed. Only with this tool the horizon of the future roof is relatively smooth, and the horse is accommodated in the center. But in most cases, especially when construction occurred in a deaf countryside, local residents were not spoiled by similar tools, and therefore almost everything was done on the eyes. And yes, the rods at the roof were not rarely different.

What is even more interesting, a truly asymmetric pavement roof has met in ancient Russia and as a separate specific type of architecture. Basically, such could be seen in wooden terems and palaces that belonged to rich people. Then it was with the help of architecture that the importance of the richness of the owners of such builders was transmitted:

Therefore, local architects of this time were looking for all the ways that the same Terem was distinguished from a simple hut. Here it was already taken to cover each log house with a separate roof, even if the construction was built to a friend.

Each slut was heading and wrapped in a special way, with the help of a variety of possible completion. Moreover, the logs themselves were built of different heights, from which the roofs were often markedly differential.

But we note that a commonly occurring pavement roof, which does not converge in one skate on top, cannot be called a two-tie. It is more likely two separate single-sided roofs that are built separately and each according to their rules.

What is so good asymmetric roof that for the sake of her benefits, many are ready to take a chance and the fortress of the house, and the durability of the roof over his own head? Let's list them.

The asymmetric roof is always in any terrain looks stylish. In our country, after many centuries of the unchanged construction of forcek bows, any such projects are already striking, cause surprise and leave indelible impressions.

Moreover, if you want to create an absolutely unique architecture of the house, then embody your crazy idea is easier just just with such a solution as different rocks.

Note that work with an asymmetric duplex roof is more pleasant and interesting for any architect. After all, now he does not need to first draw the outlines of the house - a typical rectangle, and only then to hold all the things that he planned and his customer. Now there is no framework: first you design the inner space at home, make it like you want, and such a form, as your fantasy suggested.

Now you place near the house and garage, and the veranda, and any gazebo, and you will not need to worry about building all this is not one foundation and attach different roofs. Now, as your project will be ready on paper, you just draw the roof from above so that it covers everything.

And many more valuable advantages:

Most often asymmetric roof is built when the second floor of the house is planned incomplete. For example, the ground floor area is 120 square meters, and the second is only 60. In this case, the roof closes only two or three rooms of the upper floor, and the rest of the space remains open.

What is good construction, and what is attractive such a project? First of all, the fact that there is much less pressure on the foundation of such a house than a full-fledged two-story building. And at the same time the foundation itself no longer needs to be built too wide, designed for extra square meters.

Often also asymmetric roof is used to install any necessary equipment, such as solar panels.

The pavement roof is good because with the help of such a design, problems with strong winds and snowfall are solved. The fact is that if almost the same direction of the winds prevails in a certain area, then the scope roof makes sense to build so that it has more gently sloped side, and with more quiet - cooler.

This approach is already solved with a problem with the distribution of load from wind and snow, then it is usually difficult to solve whether the roof of the pointed one, thus getting rid of the tons of snowflakes, or a canopy so that it does not break the first storm.

The fact is that a typical attic under an ordinary duplex roof is the most losing and looks unpleasant, even psychologically presses. It's all about the geometry of the indoor room: an incomprehensible dark space under the very skater completely deprives the impression of the attic as a residential premises, and the sharp slope slope and sharp corners of the coziness are certainly not attached.

Of course, modern designers are enterprising and cunning, and have already learned to use all these shortcomings for the benefit, arranging the wardrobes, and organizing such space as something favorable and stylish. If you look at such a finished interior design of such an attic, the so-called "wow effect" immediately arises and it seems that living in such an attic is solid pleasure.

But in fact, all this is mostly beautiful - only on a glossy picture, and in life such an attic, as it turns out, has too little useful area. Therefore, a double roof with different skates is a much more optimal solution. Especially the roof, which is shifted by the horse.

In this case, the geometry of the attic is no longer so unusual, and one of the walls may well even be vertical if you are without regretting some half-meter of acute space under this skate:

Some architects even recommend building asymmetric roofs for mansard houses, and, it is, that is duplex with different skates. So that the eaves ended forward and was a separate expressive architectural reception. But, we note, a two-tight roof with different rods in 90% of cases is really built without a attic.

In fact, there are two aspects on the scales of the scales:

• On the first cup: uniqueness, design and some functional advantages.
• On the second bowl: the complexity of the execution of such projects.

Therefore, decide for yourself that it is more important for you: uniqueness or simplicity, and whether you are ready for many long hours to make a detailed drawing, calculate every little thing and risk, in fact, the whole building, if you do not have enough experience. In order to be proud of themselves and have an unnecessary space in the house. Let's just say: In this regard, modern developers become all bolder and bolder!

Note that the classic duplex roof is the simplest constructive solution. We highlight the main types of pavement roofs:

• Asymmetric. In this roof, the skates are connected in a skate and are located at the same angle of inclination. But at the same time, one slut can be much longer than the other, due to which such a roof is perceived original and unusual. And sometimes the difference between the slopes is not large, and in such a roof, even at first glance, asymmetry is not viewed.
• Partially broken. Such a roof is different from the classic duct only in that one of its slopes has a break - to cover the extension, for example. But, despite the similarity of the design with the usual, such calculation of the loads is performed differently.
• Asymmetric roof. It is the most original and unusual roof, it is such a roof that they want to be placed on the second floor or in the attic to be spacious, more familiar and did not have dark sharp corners. In this case, one slot has a different angle of inclination and length. There are many advantages in such a design, believe me.
• Asymmetric with a displacement of the center. Such a roof has almost the same design as the standard, but its bump is now located in the center with some displacement. The length of the skate and the angles of the inclination of such a roof, of course, will already be different. As a result, a similar design causes most surprise, but has the most valuable advantages in terms of an attic space that does not have to be modest or uncomfortable.

For example, modern Solomon projects are distinguished primarily by the fact that they have a duplex roof with different skates. And the very design of residential buildings on the Type "Solomon" is good because here you can keep your changes, refine the design and architecture of the house.

As you already guessed, if you build a row roof with different rods, the architect has not many selection: the same skates, but a different angle, different along the length of the row, but at one angle, their variations and an option with a shift skate. And each of these projects is their advantages and disadvantages that we will mark separately.

In this example, the skates have the same length, but are located at different angles: one above, the other below. It was intended to place on one side of the house a spacious terrace, and on the other - a small hozblock. If the roof was all the same canopy as one of her skates, then the owners of the house would have problems with the accumulation of snow. But the hozblock usually does not require a high ceiling.

Note that this option is the most sparing for the design of a pavement roof and it almost does not have different pressure on the foundation. And so how to build a double roof with different angles of slopes of the same on the length of the row:

The only minus of this option is to design. Believe me, much easier to calculate the skates that are under one angle of inclination, and much more easier to mount them to the skate.

In this embodiment, one of the skates has a little or much longer than the other. As in this example:

Here, one of the skates is much longer than the other, so that the roof covered not only the house, but near the attached veranda. And at the same time, the long skate itself relies not only to the house, but also on the extension, thereby saving the balance in the load from the roof.

Here is another good example of building such a roof, however, the longer scat is no longer an extension here, but the part of the house itself:

Another project:

But in this project, the roof of the house on the one hand has the same rocks, and on the other are already different:

But this option is more rational in terms of uniform distribution of the load on the walls of the house, because thanks to the resolution there is no longer one cutting force of the rafter system:

Please note that under refraction Such a roof has additional backups. And consider that any bliss - always the most problematic places of roof.

Such projects of differential roofs are no longer belong to the above-listed due to their non-standardity. But they are rarely found:

In this project, all the salt was that instead of a typical corner attic to make a stylish and unusual room of the second floor. Interesting idea, you will agree? Such cut floors have two times less pressure on the foundation, and therefore on its construction (as well as the heating of the whole house) already need to spend much less means. And the foundation, as you know, costs in the estimate of at least 30% of the cost of building the whole house.

And another project as an example, with a broken one skate:

With a skate to figure out more difficult, but everything is done:

But especially carefully you need to design a load from the displaced skate on the construction of the bar. After all, the walls are very much settled in the first year, up to 15%, and therefore it is important to prevent the skew of the whole roof:

So, as you already understood, the roof with different rods on your device is quite complex. Why is that? The fact is that such a roof is rarely located in the center and eventually the skates do not transmit the load evenly. That is why the architect when working with similar projects have to thoroughly calculate the rafter system, and completely by other formulas than usual.

So, for example, the central load will no longer go from the skate itself, and therefore the feeders will have to put a little away. But, inherently, the asymmetric two-tight roof still consists of two triangles - only this time are not the same.

But such a geometry of the roof also has your formula. And therefore, if you want to change anything in one of the triangles, changes will occur in the entire asymmetric roof. Consider that in the construction of such architectural delights you will not get everything on the eye. And even more so, then you will not make any changes.

And first-in-speed you need to arrange a durable Mauerlat for such a roof so that uneven loads at least somehow were distributed horizontally:

So how do you still calculate yourself and build an asymmetric duplex roof? You will add modern computer programs to help, which are able to calculate the desired pressure of the rafted on Mauerlates and exactly the location of the necessary central backup. Alone, all this will be difficult to calculate, although it is possible.

So, if we are talking about a symmetrical roof, which has only different lengths of the row, then consider that the slop that longer has a greater pressure on the entire rafter system and on the wall of the building. Due to the fact that it took more building material and more roofing. Usually, for strong walls of the house, this does not play a special role, but if you build a frame structure or walls from blocks, create an additional backup for such a row, for example, almost the cornice itself.

Just remember that the roof with different rocks is calculated by other formulas. In essence, here you will need to produce as many two calculations of two single-sided roofs, which simply are connected along with one skate.

What we have listed is not the only option for the construction of a pavement duplex roofs. In fact, today architects no longer adhere to strict rules about such design and give the will of fantasy. For what is valued as experts.

Our main task is to ensure that your home is securely covered by atmospheric precipitation and cold. And all this is achieved with a well-thought-out design, and it does not necessarily have to be standard as a hut or teremok. Despite the fact that the pavement roof is a little far from the design of the classic duplex, its rafter system must also be carefully calculated.

Particular attention should be paid to the loads and their correct distribution on the walls of the building. After all, the most important error in private construction, when the roof is designed unusual, and even its ability to resist the wind and the snow, the home masters are calculated competent, but the load does not include roofing coating.

What threatens it? So far, in our country, there are not so many implemented projects with single-stop roofs, and therefore it is difficult to track what it is happening with such houses in 20-30 years. Simply no such experience. But we can assure you that in world practice there were already cases when the roof load was miscepted by incorrectly, and as a result, the building simply collapsed over time, not to mention serious skews. We do not want it?

And this is already working with drawings and computer calculations. After all, it is important to make that the new roof is remarkably withstanding any loads and was stable both during heavy snowfall and during the winds.

Note that today some architects are customized categorically against the construction of a two-tie roof with different skates. All due to the fact that for not one century, the bartal roof in Russia was hardly the only form. Today, for many professionals of their case, what concerns the roof, symmetry is the defining element.

In the roof, they want to see unambiguous shapes and clear lines that are combined in the top. Note that such a smart classic two-tight roof is also perceived as a more cozy and more familiar, which is why the customers themselves are often refused from non-traditional projects.

But for more advanced architects of our time, modern roofs are, above all, new technical solutions. They are designed to improve such indicators of private construction as reliability, durability and functionality. Therefore, today in priority in terms of building roofs is not a tradition and ideal geometry, but the economies of building materials, the originality that is not enough now, and the most effective distribution of the useful residential space.

Slinged system of the bone roof: Calculation and how to make

The most popular design of the roof of a country house is a duplex: such a roof is resistant to wind and snow loads, reliably protects against moisture, durable. The carrier part and the frame for roofing is the slingful system of the bone roof.

Composite parts of the rafter system

1. Mauerlat: support frame for fastening the frame, located around the perimeter of the walls. Need for stone, brick, foam and aerated concrete structures. On bruschers and log walls, Mauerlat do not make, as a support serves the upper crown of logs or upper timber.

Maurylalat can be solid (from a solid or composite timber) or in the form of individual bars located only under rafyles.

2. Sking bartal roof timing. It is installed on the upper corners of the triangles of the frontones, is the second support for the rafted. With a small length (up to six meters), it is preferable to perform it from a solid bar. If the length is greater, the use of building farms and the installation of the composite run is necessary.

3. Sidebreaks. Locked in parallel with the skate, also rest on the frontones. The ends of the side bars (as well as the skate) usually go out for the plane of the fronton, it allows to reduce the load on the middle of the roof.

Drawing of a bartal roof

4. rafters. Concrete lobes and walls are the basis for roofing. To strengthen the construction of the rafter are combined with wooden or metal tales. There are two constructions of rafters: Current and hanging, symmetrical and duplex roof with different skates.

Different roof with different skates

Hanging does not have additional supports in the form of the inner walls of the house and other elements under the roof, the weeds have such supports.

5. Additional supports: Draps, Racks, Diagonal Bundles, Spa.
The division is a diagonal beam supporting the frontoth. The second end of the beam rests on the ceilment in the center.

Support - support for a rafter foot: rests on an angle of 45 degrees.

Racks - vertical beams that are used in the attic of the attic and other "broken" roofs: such structures require installation of additional sidebars, and vertical supports are made.

Diagonal bunch - reinforcing design element in windy areas. This is a beam that connects among themselves the neighboring rafters diagonally, from the lower end of one foot to the middle of the other.

6. Eaves. There are for the protection of walls from precipitation. For this purpose, either the rafters themselves are prolonged over the wall for a distance of about half a meter, or the additional boards are closed on rafters, so-called. Fakes.

Calculation of the rafting system of the bone roof

1. The calculation of the rafter system of the bone roof is calculated. This includes wind and snow load, as well as the weight of roofing. For different regions, climatic indicators are different, i.e. Divide the values \u200b\u200bof the wind and snow load.

The weight of the coating depends on the material on which you stopped, and is indicated in its technical specifications.

2. Following the calculation of the loads, the roof inclination angle is adjusted and the design of the structure is drawn up: the number of elements, the pitch of the rowing roof, the need for additional supports, thickness and material of the components.

Rapid roof rafters

How to make a double roof

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Types of rafter systems

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