A beautiful leaf of the tree. The leaves of the trees. Tree structure

BIRCH TREE - one of the most beautiful and poetic plants of the Russian forest. It is a fast-growing light-loving tree with dense carved leaves on thin drooping branches to 40-50 years old reaches 25-30 meters in height.

OAK -On the globe, there are up to 600 species of oak, in our country - up to 20 species. One of them is black-leaved, or summer (beech family) occupies the main area of \u200b\u200boak forests.

ASPEN- One of the types of poplars. Aspen is a fast-growing dioecious tree 20-30 meters high, lives up to 80-100 and sometimes more than years. Trunk straight, semi-wood.

ROWAN - a small tree of the Rosaceae family with a rounded compact crown, with white flowers in the spring and with red-orange clusters of hanging fruit in the autumn.

POPLAR - genus of deciduous trees, willow family. It has an unusual rapidity of growth, large-sized trees (25-30 m), the trunk is relatively slender, with light gray bark, spreading crown, leaves more often ovoid; poplar unpretentious, easily propagated by seeds and cuttings.

ELM Of the Elm family, the most common is Elm smooth. In the first years it grows very quickly, reaches a maximum of 20-30 meters in height and over one meter by the age of 40.

LINDEN . The genus of linden has several hundred species. In Russia, the most widespread linden tree is up to 30 meters in height, up to one meter in diameter. She lives 300-400 years, and sometimes more.

ALDER (black or sticky) so named for the dark color of the bark of old trees and for the fact that young buds, shoots and leaves sticky. It is a fast growing tree of the birch family. By the age of 10 it reaches 10-12 meters, by 50 it has a height of 30 meters, the diameter is 40-60 centimeters, it lives up to 100-300 years, it blooms in early spring with brown-brown earrings.

The leaf of the tree is one of the most volatile and interesting organs ever created by nature. The classical form of a leaf is a flat plate, narrow or wide. The leaf connects to the stem at a point called the bundle, with the help of a stem that has a different length. The latter may, however, be absent (then the sheet is called sedentary). The shape of the leaf blade can be solid with smooth edges (like a magnolia), or it can have jagged edges like chestnut or cherry. If there is only one leaf plate on the stem, then such a leaf is called simple. Sometimes there are several leaflets on one petiole, which is connected to the common (stem) petiole with the help of the cheremochemuli. Such leaves are called complex. Complex leaves, for example, are characteristic of Robinia (one of the varieties of the white acacia).
By the shape of the sheet is easy to determine many plant species.
This section presents drawings of leaves, flowers, crowns common in Russia. Larch, spruce, pine, juniper, elm, oak, alder, birch, hazel, linden, aspen, willow, bird cherry, mountain ash, acacia, chestnut, maple, ash, elderberry, plum.



Birch tree hanging	Hazel ordinary

How does a tree grow from seed to fruit? We study with a child branches of mountain ash, birch, poplar, maple, oak. Acquaintance with a tree begins for a child in his very early childhood. Each yard has its own good-natured giant, who will happily shelter from the scorching sun, rain, share fallen leaves and dry twigs for all sorts of games.

However, many children perceive trees as nameless satellites, without thinking that each of them bears its own name, has a complex structure and performs important tasks. Therefore, with a deeper study of trees, babies make many discoveries for themselves.

For example, kids will be interested to know what parts the tree consists of. For this we use a schematic image of a tree and tell about each part of it:

The roots of the tree - its foundation. They feed the tree, sucking in nutrients dissolved in water, and also keep it upright. The larger the tree, the richer its root system.
The trunk of a tree is like its body. All substances extracted by the roots pass upwards along the trunk, and the branches begin to move away from the trunk. It is important to note that a real tree has one trunk, while shrubs have several, even large ones, trunks.
Branches of trees - support for the leaves; it is on the branches that buds are formed, from which then leaves and flowers appear. Nutrients also pass through them. Over time, the branches become wider and firmer (lignified), and from them new branches appear.
Tree foliage is the organ that allows a tree to exchange substances with its environment. Thanks to the leaves, the tree absorbs carbon dioxide harmful to humans from the air, here from it, under the action of the sun's rays, organic substances are formed, and through the leaves the tree releases oxygen that we breathe.
All the leaves and branches of the tree form its crown - a magnificent hat that gives shade and covers us from the rain.

Having studied the structure of the tree, you can proceed to the next stage - to find out how it is born. Where and how do trees grow? The answer to this question can be represented as a circular pattern.

So, we analyze the entire life cycle of the fruit tree:

Seed is the source of life for each plant, and the tree as well. It contains a small embryo and an initial supply of nutrients that the embryo needs in order to germinate through the seed coat. Once in the soil, the embryo begins to actively develop, peck through the shell, grows and releases roots with which it absorbs from the earth the substances necessary for its growth.

After many years, the embryo turns into a tree, which, having reached a certain age, acquires the ability to reproduce its own kind.

In the spring, buds are formed on the branches of the tree, in which an amazingly beautiful organ and smell organ develops - a flower.

The fruit tree is arranged in such a way that when pollination (by wind or insects) a small germ of the fruit is formed in it.

The fruit of a tree is the result of its vital activity. There are seeds inside the fruit. In order for the seeds to spread as far as possible, nature has made most of the fruits tasty and attractive for animals and people who, by collecting the fruits, contribute to the spread of the seeds over long distances. Uncollected fruits fall from the tree, rot, and after that the seeds fall into the soil.

The development of the tree can be considered from any moment: starting with the fruit, buds, seeds. Each stage can be considered the beginning of a life cycle.

The life cycle of a tree greatly depends on the time of year.

The beginning of its development and rapid growth occurs in the spring, when buds are actively formed on the branches, from which leaves and flowers subsequently emerge. No wonder it says that in the spring the trees come to life after a winter sleep.

In the summer, trees appear before us in all their glory. They constantly interact with the outside world, feed, replenish the stocks of substances necessary for their life. In the summer, the leaves of the trees are constantly working, turning into a real factory for the processing of carbon dioxide and the production of oxygen and nutrients from it.

In autumn, all the life processes in the tree are declining: it becomes shorter than daylight, and the amount of sunlight is not enough to form chlorophyll in the leaves, so the foliage gradually changes its color and falls. The fall of the leaves not only saves the strength of the tree, which he will need in order to survive the harsh winter, but also saves the branches of trees from breaking off, which can occur under the weight of the fallen snow.

In winter, the tree seems to freeze. It economically consumes stocks accumulated over the summer and is looking forward to the arrival of the first spring heat.

But not all trees go through such a cycle of transformations, but only those that have leaves, that is, deciduous. But the trees, whose branches are covered with needles - needles (conifers) all winter look the same as in summer.

The most well-known coniferous tree is spruce. Of course, it became famous thanks to the Russian tradition to decorate the branches of spruce on the eve of the New Year. Spruce spawns with the help of cones, which are formed during the summer.

But of the most common deciduous trees such as:

Rowan - a tree with bright berries and beautiful toothed foliage, which looks especially impressive in autumn. There is a version that he was called rowan because its leaves are rather small and, when the wind blows, they tremble, causing the one who looks at him to have ripples in his eyes.

Birch is a symbol of Russia, a unique tree with white color of bark. Its very name comes from the Slavic word, meaning "glow, turn white." Birch is also interesting for its flowers, which look like earrings, and the fact that its branches are very long and thin, they hang down.

Poplar is a frequent companion of human habitation. Poplars are planted near houses because they grow quickly - which means they start to clear the air early and absorb excess moisture well. In the wild, poplar is often found in wetlands, for which he received his name, which in Slavonic means “swampy place, swamp”. Poplar fruits are boxes that spill out seeds covered with a lot of silky hairs - poplar fluff. This down gives people a lot of inconvenience, therefore poplars are often pruned, leaving only non-fruiting branches at the top.

Oak - a tree - a giant, especially revered by our ancestors. Its fruits - acorns - were used to make a drink that replaces coffee, but bark and oak wood, which is distinguished by its durability and beautiful color, found even greater use in people.

Maple - the owner of the most beautiful leaves with sharp edges. From its juice get sweet flavored maple syrup.

Elm is a tree, wood, branches and bark, which people used for a long time to make furniture, tools and even weapons. The elm bark (bast) is strong and flexible, various objects were tied to it, for which the tree got its name. From woven weaving shoes.

Chestnut is a tree with unusual fruits, the core of which resembles a nut. It is believed that the word "chestnut" has the same root with the word "porridge", since the fruits of the chestnut were often used in food.

Willow - a tree with unusual long branches and narrow leaves. Its name comes from the word "twig", which is explained by the main use of willow branches - from them twisted baskets, weaving furniture.

In order to better remember the names of the trees, you can play a simple game: mix cards with the image of the leaves and the trees themselves, and then match them and name them.

Images of leaves are more vivid in colorings, where you can see their outline and add color depending on the expected time of year and shades characteristic of a particular tree.

While the child is working with coloring, it is possible to fix the studied questions to ask him thematic questions, read poems or make riddles. For example, such:

And elegant, and beautiful, grew from the river ... (willow).

Protect from wind and moisture and the house, and the field ... (Poplar).

The Russian land does not even need roses, they paint its relatives ... (birches).

And handsome, and strong, and it is useful, generously shares its own juice. ... (maple).

Both in the heat and in the blizzard they are equally beautiful ... (spruce).

If there are several children, you can arrange a mini-quiz on the material covered, and as prizes you can use bouquets of live or cardboard bright leaves or fruit of trees (for example, apples).

In this article, we have collected material on the theme of "tree leaves" and "tree structure." Acquaintance with a tree begins for a child in his very early childhood.

Each yard has its own good-natured giant, who will happily cover up from the scorching sun, rain, share fallen leaves and dry twigs for all sorts of. However, many children perceive trees as nameless satellites, without thinking that each of them bears its own name, has a complex structure and performs important tasks. Therefore, with a deeper study of trees, babies make many discoveries for themselves.

For example, kids will be interested to know what parts the tree consists of. For this we use a schematic image of a tree and tell about each part of it:

The roots of the tree - its foundation. They feed the tree, sucking in nutrients dissolved in water, and also keep it upright. The larger the tree, the richer its root system.
The trunk of a tree is like its body. All substances extracted by the roots pass upwards along the trunk, and the branches begin to move away from the trunk. It is important to note that a real tree has one trunk, while shrubs have several, even large ones, trunks.
Branches of trees - support for the leaves; it is on the branches that buds are formed, from which then leaves and flowers appear. Nutrients also pass through them. Over time, the branches become wider and firmer (lignified), and from them new branches appear.
Tree foliage is the organ that allows a tree to exchange substances with its environment. Thanks to the leaves, the tree absorbs carbon dioxide harmful to humans from the air, here from it, under the action of the sun's rays, organic substances are formed, and through the leaves the tree releases oxygen that we breathe.
All the leaves and branches of the tree form its crown - a magnificent hat that gives shade and covers us from the rain.

So, we analyze the entire life cycle of the fruit tree:

After many years, the embryo turns into a tree, which, having reached a certain age, acquires the ability to reproduce its own kind.

In the spring, buds are formed on the branches of the tree, in which an amazingly beautiful organ and smell organ develops - a flower.

The fruit tree is arranged in such a way that when pollination (by wind or insects) a small germ of the fruit is formed in it.

All life processes in a tree are declining: it becomes shorter than daylight, and the amount of sunlight is not enough to form chlorophyll in the leaves, so the foliage gradually changes its color and falls. The fall of the leaves not only saves the strength of the tree, which he will need in order to survive the harsh winter, but also saves the branches of trees from breaking off, which can occur under the weight of the fallen snow.

The tree seems to freeze. It economically consumes stocks accumulated over the summer and is looking forward to the arrival of the first spring heat.

The most famous conifer is. Of course, it became famous thanks to the Russian tradition to decorate the branches of spruce on the eve of the New Year. Spruce spawns with the help of cones, which are formed during the summer.

But of the most common deciduous trees such as:

- a tree with bright berries and beautiful toothed foliage, which looks especially impressive in autumn. There is a version that he was called rowan because its leaves are rather small and, when the wind blows, they tremble, causing the one who looks at him to have ripples in his eyes.

Birch is a symbol of Russia, a unique tree with white color of bark. Its very name comes from the Slavic word, meaning "glow, turn white." Birch is also interesting for its flowers, which look like earrings, and the fact that its branches are very long and thin, they hang down.

Poplar is a frequent companion of human habitation. Poplars are planted near houses because they grow quickly - which means they start to clear the air early and absorb excess moisture well. In the wild, poplar is often found in wetlands, for which he received his name, which in Slavonic means “swampy place, swamp”. Poplar fruits are boxes that spill out seeds covered with a lot of silky hairs - poplar fluff. This down gives people a lot of inconvenience, therefore poplars are often pruned, leaving only non-fruiting branches at the top.

Oak - a tree - a giant, especially revered by our ancestors. Its fruits - acorns - were used to make a drink that replaces coffee, but bark and oak wood, which is distinguished by its durability and beautiful color, found even greater use in people.

Maple - the owner of the most beautiful leaves with sharp edges. From its juice get sweet flavored maple syrup.

Elm is a tree, wood, branches and bark, which people used for a long time to make furniture, tools and even weapons. The elm bark (bast) is strong and flexible, various objects were tied to it, for which the tree got its name. From woven weaving shoes.

Chestnut is a tree with unusual fruits, the core of which resembles a nut. It is believed that the word "chestnut" has the same root with the word "porridge", since the fruits of the chestnut were often used in food.

Willow - a tree with unusual long branches and narrow leaves. Its name comes from the word "twig", which is explained by the main use of willow branches - from them twisted baskets, weaving furniture.

In order to better remember the names of the trees, you can play a simple game: mix cards with the image of the leaves and the trees themselves, and then match them and name them.

From the leaves you can make a very interesting visual aid for children. To do this, you need to gather up the leaves of different types and laminate them.

Cut the leaves a little way back from the edge.

We get a live manual on the study of leaf types.

Print on a separate piece of paper the names of the trees where you collected the leaves. The name of the tree is compared with the leaf itself, studying and memorizing its shape and structural features.