Ladle wooden carved. Carved and hollowed wooden utensils

Ancient Russian dishes were distinguished by their diversity, despite the fact that they were most often created from wood. Its attractiveness for modern people is that it is beautiful, unusual, and making dishes was a real creative process, a true art in which the imagination of Russian craftsmen manifested itself.

Features of ancient dishes

As already mentioned, in Russia all dishes were carved from wood, both for food and for drinking. That is why very few samples of real folk art have come down to us. Old Russian dishes are diverse - these are bowls, and ladles, and jugs, and carved spoons. These attributes were created in different centers of the Russian principality, and each master was distinguished by his own unique handwriting. Painting and carving are the most common decorations of ancient dishes. Today, these products can only be found in museums and in private collections of lovers of antique gizmos.

What material was used

Not all types of wood were suitable for creating dishes. The most commonly used birch, aspen, coniferous trees. Soft linden was used to create spoons, pouring ladles. Moreover, the documentation contains ancient Russian dishes, the names of which attract attention with their unusualness. For example, a straight spoon, a root ladle - such names do not tell us anything, modern people who are accustomed to glass and porcelain for table setting. In fact, straightness is the wood of the trunk, and the root vessel is a vessel made from a powerful rhizome. Peasants, as a rule, used any tree to create dishes - both ruins, and bark, and flexible roots that are convenient to weave. And the most expensive dishes were considered to be made of burl - a growth on a tree.

Ladle

This ancient Russian crockery has come down to us in a modified form, because modern models are by no means made of wood. Metal ladles in modern Russia are often used in villages when equipping a bath. In Ancient Russia, a ladle was considered the most common type of festive drinking utensils - honey, kvass, and beer were served in them. An ensemble of large and small ladles served as a real table decoration.

This ancient Russian wine dish has always been elegant and interesting, for example, in the form of a boat, a floating bird. On the Northern Dvina, they created this dish with two handles that resembled the head and tail of a duck. An important role was also played by the bright painting with which these simple peasant attributes of life were decorated. In the Tver province, local craftsmen created vessels decorated with carvings and a geometric rosette in the center, which is an ancient symbol of the sun. And in 1558, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, on his orders a ladle was created, decorated with three large sapphires. Today, this work of art is kept in one of the museums in Germany, where it ended up during the Great Patriotic War.

Buckets from different regions

Moscow craftsmen created buckets from burl, which made it possible to preserve a beautiful pattern of texture. These products had the shape of a boat, a flat bottom, a pointed spout and a short horizontal handle. The vessels had dense and durable walls, and a silver frame was used as an additional decoration. Kozmodemyansk ladles were made of linden and resembled those in Moscow in shape, but were deeper and larger in volume. Ladles made by Tver craftsmen were hollowed out from the roots of trees, most often in the form of an elongated boat. And in the northern regions, skopkari ladles were created - vessels in the form of a boat with two handles, one of which was necessarily made in the form of a bird's or horse's head.

Bread box and salt box

This ancient Russian utensil was also an obligatory attribute on any table, because bread and salt were important components of the diet. A bread box was used to store flour products, and it was made from bast - a layer of a tree trunk, which is located between the bark and the core. Such dishes reliably protect bread from mold and moisture.

Salt in Russia was an expensive pleasure, so the creation of dishes for storing it was approached very carefully. The salt box was made in two main forms - in the form of a high chair, in which the seat-cover rises, or in the form of a floating bird. Ancient Russian dishes looked very beautiful and unusual - the pictures show how much attention was paid to the elements of painting and carving.

Bratina, bowls and eyelid

If the names "ladle" and "salt cellar" (although we often call it "salt cellar") are familiar to everyone, then with the word "brother" everything is much more complicated. Most likely, the name of this dish comes from the word "bratchina", which meant a festive feast. As a rule, it was made in the form of a ball, which was intercepted from above by a neck-crown with bent edges. Old Russian of this type was very different. For example, a bratina made in the 18th century, decorated with painting in the form of scales with an inscription, has survived to this day. By the way, inscriptions also played a big role in the design of ancient dishes. They could tell a lot: about the place and date of creation of the attribute, about its owner, and so on.

There were also bowls in use in the old days, which are wide dishes with low edges. They served fried and baked dishes, and in the monasteries they even baked loaves. The eyelid was an oblong-shaped dish, which was covered with a lid on top and additionally equipped with handles. It was used for various purposes: for baking pies, storing kvass, cooking meat dishes. Subsequently, this dish turned into a frying pan known to us.

Valley and cups

If everything is clear with the goblets, then the endova is an ancient Russian dish, the names of which were different: both the bowl, and the yandova, and the brother. This dish is a round vessel made of copper or bast, which was used to drink beer, mead, home brew. Such vessels were stylized in the form of figures of a duck, goose, rooster, boat, and each region had its own drawings. Until now, such utensils have been preserved among the Karelians - they create valleys from linden, oak, maple or birch wood.

Tver masters created the best valleys from burl. The dishes were made in the form of a bowl on a special pallet (oval or square) and complemented by a spout-plum. Vessels were processed with an ax, then leveled with a scraper.

Staves and spoons

Old Russian wooden dishes are unusual and very colorful, and sometimes their names are very unexpected. For example, a stave was used for food, which was created by turning on a special machine. This dish consisted of two deep bowls - one served as a lid, but it could also be used as a plate. Well, what holiday table can do without spoons? Probably, many people have this element of utensils - a beautiful and thick wooden spoon, richly decorated with paintings. Fruits and vegetables were also served in stavtsy in Russia. But there was also dishes for a specific type of fruit - lemongrass, vegetable, borage.

A large number of types of wooden spoons were in Veliky Novgorod. Products that had a kind of raised stalk looked especially beautiful. Most often, braid was used as an ornament, which was carried out using the technique of contour carving. And in the northern regions, shadra spoons were created with inlaid bones or fangs. In addition, in each region, the spoons had their own unique shape. For example, in the Gorky region they created ladles, salad, fishing, thin spoons, which were distinguished by a rounded and faceted handle-handle. The Kirov spoon was distinguished by an egg-shaped scoop and a flat handle.

Drinking vessels

In Ancient Russia, all the utensils used for drinking were called drinking or drinking utensils. At the same time, the name of almost each of them is interesting and original in terms of origin. Perhaps the simplest and most understandable vessel is a jug - drinks were stored in it and served on the table. A variation of the jug was a kumgan, borrowed from the eastern neighbors, distinguished by a narrow neck, a long spout and a handle. Water was most often stored in kumgans, so they were of large volume. Pewters are also a type of jug. Various drinks were stored and served to the table in it. But with glass products in Russia, the situation was very interesting. So, already in the XII century, the word "glass" was known, but they were brought from other countries.

Both glass utensils and ancient Russian wooden utensils look very interesting. Pictures from chronicles and ancient records show that most of these attributes were simple, concise, and differed only in drawings and ornaments. Cookware was named after its appearance or the material used to make it.

It is difficult to say when the manufacture of wooden carved dishes began on the territory of Russia. The earliest find of a ladle dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. e. Archaeological excavations on the territory of Kievan Rus and Novgorod the Great indicate that the production of wooden utensils was developed already in the 10th-12th centuries. In the 16th-17th centuries, serfs and monastic peasants or archers made wooden dishes. The production of wooden utensils and spoons was widely developed in the 17th century, when the demand for them increased both in the city and in the countryside. In the 19th century, with the development of industry and the advent of metal, porcelain, faience and glassware, the need for wooden dishes was sharply reduced. Its production is preserved mainly in the fishing areas of the Volga region.

endova- a low bowl with a sock for draining. Large valleys held up to a bucket of liquid. Tver and Severodvinsk variants are known. The best Tver valleys are carved from burl. They are a bowl on an oval or cubic pallet with a spout in the form of a trough and a handle. The endova of the Severodvinsk type has the shape of a round bowl on a low base, with slightly bent edges, with a half-open toe in the form of a groove, sometimes figuratively carved. The handle is very rare. The initial processing of the described objects was carried out with an ax, the depth of the vessel was hollowed out (selected) with an adze, then leveled with a scraper. The final external processing was carried out with a cutter and a knife.

In the Russian North, carved from the root of a tree scopcari buckets. Skopkar is a boat-shaped vessel, similar to a ladle, but having two handles, one of which is necessarily in the form of a bird's or horse's head. According to domestic purposes, skopkari are divided into large, medium and small. Large and medium - for serving drinks on the table, small - for individual use, like small cups.

The dippers of the Yaroslavl-Kostroma group have a deep rounded, sometimes flattened boat-shaped bowl, the edges of which are slightly bent inwards. In earlier ladles, the bowl is raised on a low pallet. Their handles are carved in the form of a figured loop, the nose is in the form of a cock's head with a sharp beak and beard.

Kozmodemyansk ladles were hollowed out of linden. Their shape is boat-shaped and very close to the shape of Moscow ladles, but they are much deeper and larger in volume. Some of them reached the capacity of two or three, and sometimes four buckets. The handle is flat horizontal with a constructive addition of a purely local character - a slotted loop at the bottom.

Moscow ladles, made of burl with a beautiful pattern of texture, are characterized by bowls of a clear, even exquisite boat-shaped shape with a flat bottom, a pointed spout and a short horizontal handle. Due to the density and strength of the material, the walls of such vessels were often as thick as a nutshell. Burlap dishes were often made in a silver frame. Buckets of the 18th century are known, reaching a diameter of 60 cm.

Tver ladles are noticeably different from Moscow and Kozmodemyansk ones. Their originality lies in the fact that they are hollowed out from the root of a tree. Keeping basically the shape of a rook, they are more elongated in width than in length, which makes them appear flattened. The nose of the ladle, as usual for boat-shaped vessels, is raised up and ends with two or three horse heads, for which the Tver ladles were called "grooms". The handle of the bucket is straight faceted, the upper face, as a rule, is decorated with ornamental carvings.

Each bath for bathing procedures must be equipped with the necessary accessories. But not everyone knows what to choose - a metal, plastic or wooden bath ladle would be best? We will consider this question in detail.

Choice dependency

The choice of equipment items is wide, but it is dictated by different needs ().

The following factors influence the selection process:

the area of the bath itself;
the presence of a washing department in it;
the presence of a water supply;
boiler type.

Choice by purpose

Why do we need ladles and scoops in the steam room and washing department? Naturally, in order to draw water with them.

By purpose, they are divided as follows:

a scoop with a volume of 1 liter or more with a long vertical handle, used to draw hot water from the boiler into basins and buckets;
a similar bath ladle, but for collecting cold water from a barrel;
ladles for pouring with a short handle, a volume of approximately 0.4 - 1 l, there should be several of them, no less than the number of people washing in the bath at the same time;
capacity for supplying steam with a volume of approximately 0.2-0.3 l, with a long handle.

The first and second options are relevant only if there is no running water. In the presence of hot and cold water taps, as well as mixers, there is no need for such products.

Selection by materials

There are a lot of proposals on the market for accessories for a steam room. Each manufacturer praises their product. But you need to understand what materials these accessories should be made of, because they must withstand fairly high temperature loads ().

Good scoops are not afraid of constant contact with cold and hot water, as well as significant temperature changes. Not every material is able to cope with such loads.

Tree

Traditional accessories for use in the bath have long been made of wood. Russian peasants, even after the appearance of metal utensils, preferred to use wooden utensils, which they often made with their own hands, especially carved or hollowed ones.

Wooden bath accessories could be of three types, divided according to the manufacturing principle:

cooperage, when the container itself consists of separate planks, which are fastened together with metal hoops;
carvedwhen the product is cut entirely from a piece of wood;
dugout, the bowls were hollowed out from a single piece of wood.

Various wooden items were made for the implementation of bath procedures:

scoops and ladles;
buckets;
gangs;
tubs;
tub;
trough;
barrels.

Most of these items were produced in cooperage workshops. Today, when there are many metal and plastic products in everyday life, wood products have not lost their appeal.

The works of ancient folk crafts have not lost their relevance in our days. The all-round maintenance of the traditions of the production of national Russian utensils continues at small enterprises and in private workshops.

The advantage of wooden products is their environmental friendliness.

Today you can purchase the entire set for bath equipment from different types of wood:

Altai cedar;
oak;
aspens;
larches;
lindens.

The price for a linden cooper's ladle will be two times less than for a similar cedar ladle. But cedar products are more durable. However, with proper care of cooperage products, you can significantly extend their service life.

Instructions for the care of cooper's scoops for a bath:

before the first use, lower the ladle into a barrel of water and hold it for an hour;
remember that the product must always be wet;
scoops should not be kept without water in the sun or near heating appliances;
Do not clean buckets with chemicals.

Metal

Another suitable material for making buckets is metal. The main advantage of metal products is a long service life.

But there is one downside. Metal bowls get very hot.

You can avoid burns if this accessory is combined:

metal container with a wooden handle;
wooden scoop with a metal insert.

For the manufacture of bath accessories, a metal is chosen that is not susceptible to corrosion:

brass;
copper;
galvanized steel;
aluminum.

The most convenient, practical and aesthetic option is the combination of a wooden cooper's ladle with a metal insert. Such a ladle does not leak, because the metal does not dry out. There is no danger of getting burned by touching it.

Plastic

Plastic containers are used in the sauna only in the washing section. Usually, they are produced with a small handle and are used for dousing with warm or cold water.

Important. The use of plastic ladles in a steam room is undesirable, since the product may melt from high temperatures. In addition, harmful substances can be released from plastic at elevated temperatures.

Modern technologies do not stand still, there are types of plastics that have heat resistance and do not emit harmful substances. One such new material is polycarbonate, which combines unique strength with high temperature resistance.

In the photo - a polycarbonate bucket and a bucket with birch handles.

Important. It is necessary to store ladles and other polycarbonate products at room temperature without water, wiping them dry with a towel.

Summary

In the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

Tuesa and Buckets, what's so amazing about them? And how they were made. Tues, otherwise it is called Burak. This small birch bark vessel, striking in its simplicity and wisdom of design, was invented a long time ago. But until now, craftsmen of the Russian North, the Urals and Siberia continue to make it. The peasants are well aware that salt stored in a tuesa will never waver, and pickled mushrooms and cucumbers are not only stored for a long time, but also acquire a pleasant aroma, so it is sometimes difficult for the uninitiated to believe that some spices are not added to the salt.

But still, another advantage of tueska is most valued - water, milk or kvass remain cold in it for a long time, and hot water, on the contrary, does not get cold for a long time. That is why from time immemorial the tues was a frequent companion of the reaper, plowman, hunter, fisherman. The peasant had to notice more than once that even on the hottest days, when the sun scorches mercilessly, the birch sap coming out of the trunk is always cold. This means that birch bark reliably protects the birch trunk from overheating. This property of birch bark is explained by its structure. It consists of many thin layers that do not allow moisture and air to pass through, and the top layer is covered with a white coating that reflects the sun's rays. And the inner layers of birch bark have a wide variety of colors - from golden yellow to pinkish brown.

A unique decorative effect is given to birch bark by narrow brownish lines, the so-called lentils. These are kind of windows through which the trunk breathes in the summer. For the winter, these windows are tightly closed and filled with a special substance. Birch bark has high strength and almost does not rot. It is known that the North Russian log house was knitted without a single nail. Also, without nails, glue and other foreign fasteners, birch bark is getting along.

The tuesa device resembles a thermos. It has outer and inner walls, between which there is a small air insulating layer. On the inside of the walls, a white chalky surface helps reflect heat rays.

The inner wall should be without a single crack: after all, it holds the liquid. At the outer wall, the task is different - to be beautiful and elegant. No wonder it is called a shirt. Some shirts were decorated with bright and rich painting.

Others were lace-cut or embossed, while others were woven from narrow strips of birch bark. For the inside of the tuesa, skoloten is needed - this is birch bark, taken entirely from the trunk. It is possible to remove a stave only from a sawn birch. We warn you that it is impossible to cut trees in the forest without permission! Every year, planned logging is carried out in the timber industry enterprises, and forest workers will allow birch bark to be removed from fallen trees. It is best to remove birch bark in spring and early summer, at which time it easily peels off the trunk. Find a straight trunk with a smooth bark on the clearing, saw it into separate ridges, removing sections with knots. From a long ridge, you can alternately remove several scraps, from short ones - one or two. In our figure, the length of the ridge is equal to the length of the stalk.

Removing the scapular and the sequence of making the tues:
1 - exfoliation of birch bark;
2 - skoloten and ridge;
3 - tuesa shirt;
4 - a shirt worn on a skunk;
5 - making willow hoops;
6 - wrapping the edges of the violet and inserting the bottom.

Whoever made whistles from a willow or linden branch in the spring knows well that it is enough to lightly tap the bark with a knife handle - and it will be easily removed with a “stocking”. In about the same way, they remove the stave, using the simplest tools - a wooden hammer and wire. At one end of the thick wire, bend the handle, and forge the working end on the anvil and round off. There should be no sharp edges and burrs on the wire - they can scratch the birch bark.

Insert the wire about halfway through the ridge under the birch bark layer and carefully move it in a circle around the trunk. Do the same operation from the other end. As soon as the birch bark is completely peeled off the trunk, with light blows of the hammer, knock out the trunk from the scapula. All tree trunks have a so-called taper - a barely noticeable taper from the butt to the top.

Be sure to take this into account and always remove the chip from swelling towards the top, otherwise you risk tearing it.

Skolotni can be prepared for the future, they are stored for as long as you like. To prevent the staples from deforming and taking up too much space, smaller staples must be inserted into the largest staple in succession.

Bark for shirts is much easier to harvest. Make cuts along the trunk with a knife and, lifting the edges with your hands, peel off the birch bark layer. Plast birch bark can also be prepared for the future. Straighten the pieces of birch bark and lay them on a wooden board. From above, cover the stack of birch bark with another shield, on which you place the load. After drying, the birch bark will remain flat and comfortable for work.

The proportions and sizes of future tuesks will depend on the harvested skolotn. Having chosen a suitable skoloten, make a pattern of a shirt from thick paper on it. Make the height of the shirt in such a way that its upper and lower edges recede from the edges of the skewers by about 3-5 cm. Then wrap the skewers with paper so that one edge overlaps the other. This stock is needed to make a lock. Taking into account the diameter of the skewers, draw and cut out the elements of the castle on the shirt pattern. Close the lock and put the pattern on the skewer. If the pattern fits snugly against the staple, and the upper and lower edges are not skewed, the shirt pattern is made correctly. Lay the pattern on a piece of birch bark and circle with a pencil or an awl with a rounded end. Put the birch bark on the board and use a cutter to make cuts along the outlined contours using a metal ruler. The shirt is ready, but if desired, it can be made elegant. In the picture in the header you see tuesas with different shirt designs. One tueska is decorated with a natural pattern of birch bark. The shirts of other tuesas are decorated with embossing, cut-out ornaments, and painting, while one tuesa has a shirt woven from narrow strips of birch bark. This shirt is woven right on the skelet. The painting is applied to the finished tues, and the embossing and carving are performed on the shirt before putting it on the skein.

Putting the finished shirt on a skewer, steam its protruding edges in boiling water. Then bend two hoops from a willow rod and fasten their ends with threads. The hoops should fit snugly against the stud. Now wrap the steamed edges of the cleaver around the willow hoops, putting them on the shirt. Hoops give the edges of the walls a rounded shape and make the structure rigid.

Saw the bottom out of spruce or cedar wood. The diameter of the bottom should be several millimeters larger than the diameter of the inner walls of the tues. Before inserting the bottom, steam the edges of the walls again. After that, the bottom will be easily inserted, and when the walls are dry, the bottom will be firmly fixed in the tueska.

Saw out the lid from a spruce or cedar board with a small margin. Then, carefully cutting off the edges with a knife, fit it to the tueska. Make sure that the edges of the lid fit snugly against the walls of the cabinet. The lid should enter the box with some effort. Select the shape of the handle, taking into account the purpose of the box. If the box is intended for storing some products, and not for carrying, the handle can be made in the form of a poke. Cut the poke with a knife or turn it on a lathe, insert it into the hole drilled in the lid and hammer in a wedge for strength from the bottom side.

If the tues is intended for carrying products over long distances, it is imperative to make a handle-bow. A simple bow is done like this. Drill two holes in the lid at an angle to each other. Then, in boiling water, steam a willow twig lightly trimmed on one side. Bending the rod in an arc, insert its ends into the holes. After drying, the rod will become rigid and firmly fixed in the lid. For reliability, the ends of the handle can be wedged.

But the handle with a lock turns out to be the most reliable and beautiful - it is she who is shown in the drawing. Regardless of the size of the tuesa, such a handle has fairly constant proportions and dimensions. Most often it is done on the hand of an adult. G. FEDOTOV Drawings by the author

From willow wood cut the handle blank (1a). In cover 2, gouge two rectangular holes. When marking the holes, make sure that the wood grain on the lid runs across the line where the holes are placed. In the drawing, this line is given in red.

Steam the workpiece of the handle-handle in boiling water, carefully bend it into an arc (16) and insert the ends into the holes in the lid. Drill two holes in the ends of the handle protruding from below and use a chisel to shape them into a wedge shape. Plane a wedge 3 out of spruce and hammer it into the holes of the shackle. The wedge will firmly bind the lid to the handle. But it also has another purpose - being located across the fibers of the lid, it will not allow it to warp, especially if liquids are poured into the tues.

To test the tues, pour water into it and close the lid tightly. Taking the tues by the handle, shake it strongly, swing it, turn it upside down. If the lid fits exactly, the tues will come out of this test with honor - not a single drop of water will pour out of it.

As you may have guessed, the lid and the case are firmly connected to each other due to friction and air pressure. This connection is so strong that the tues can withstand weights much greater than the weight of the water poured into it. For the same reason, it is rather difficult to open the lid without spilling the contents of the canister. Only those who know his "secret" can quickly and effortlessly open the tues. And the secret is very simple. Instead of pulling the handle up, it must be carefully tilted, and as soon as the smallest gap appears between the lid of the cabinet and the wall, the lid can be easily removed.

In conclusion, one more type of tues should be mentioned. These tuesas are intended only for storing bulk products or for picking berries. It is impossible to store and transfer liquids in them. Such tuesas are made from layered birch bark, which is most often fastened with a bast. The same material is used to tie the upper edge of the tues. The handle and lid are made in the same way as for tuesks from skolotn.

1. In order to prevent the wooden product from cracking and crumbling into pieces, it was boiled for 1-2 hours in a solution of fly ash. After that, they dried it, and, if necessary, continued processing of finer details (cut out small "fits").

Ash lye is an ancient recipe of our ancestors, used both for washing woven products and for processing wooden products. Alkali is made simply - firewood is burned (I read that birch is best of all) to the state of white ash (ash). Ash (ash) is filled with water, into which, during soaking, all alkaline groups of substances pass. After that, the sediment can be used for fertilizer for the soil (it is not dangerous for plants because it does not contain "soap"), and the water can be used for washing or for processing wood products.

2. In a strong decoction of crushed oak bark, our ancestors either boiled (I don’t remember exactly the time - it seems like a couple of hours), or soaked (here I remember the time - a day) products not only from wood, but also all kinds of wickerwork - from bast, flax, hemp, cane (I don't remember the whole list). Tannins strengthened the product so much that, for example, ropes and ropes increased their strength by an order of magnitude.

3. any turpentine is obtained from resin - pine resin. It is an excellent solvent. Wax is thrown into it (not paraffin, but natural wax) and after dissolution, like a varnish, the product is covered.
There is another way of such folk varnish - rosin dissolved in turpentine.
The whole secret is to find the optimal ratio of ingredients. This can only be done empirically, since each locality has its own specific conditions (pine species, climate, soil, etc.).
As an employee of the museum where we purchased the product told us, it was not about coating, but about impregnation. And the product does not look varnished. It partially has the property of "suede" or "leather", since the substances have formed a tight connection. This technology has been developed over the years. And some say, To master it, you need to either look for such masters (there are not so few of them), or discover some secrets on a whim.

BASTER PRODUCTS

LUKOSHKO-NABIRUKHA

MOCHESNIK
storage for yarn and spindles

BREAD BOX

CARVED AND CARVED

SKOPKARI BRATINA YENDOVA

In Russia, wooden utensils of various shapes, sizes and purposes have long been cut: ladles, skopkari, valleys and others. Today, several types of traditional Russian ladles are known: Moscow, Kozmodemyansk, Tver, Yaroslavl-Kostroma, Vologda, Severodvinsk, etc.

Rice. 1. Russian holiday dishes. XVII-XIX centuries: 1 - burl boat-shaped Moscow ladle; 2 - a large Kozmodemyansky ladle; 3 - Kozmodemyansk scoops; 4 - Tver ladle "groom"; 5 - ladle of the Yaroslavl-Kostroma type; 6 - Vologda ladle; 7 - Severodvinsk skopkar; 8 – Tver valley; 9 – Severodvinsk valley.

Kozmodemyansk is also characterized by small scoops, which served to scoop drinks from large bucket ladles. They are predominantly boat-shaped, with a rounded, slightly flattened bottom. An almost vertically set, multi-tiered handle in the form of an architectural structure extending from the bottom is decorated with a through carving, ending with the image of a horse, less often a bird.

Vologda scoops are designed for scooping drinks from large scoops. They are characterized by a boat-shaped shape and a round spherical bottom; as a rule, they were hung on a large ladle. Hook-shaped handles were decorated with carved ornaments in the form of ducks.

In the Russian North, skopkari ladles were carved from the root of a tree. Skopkar is a boat-shaped vessel, similar to a ladle, but having two handles, one of which is necessarily in the form of a bird's or horse's head. According to domestic purposes, skopkari are divided into large, medium and small. Large and medium - for serving drinks on the table, small - for individual use, like small cups.

Severodvinsk skopkari were also cut from the root. They have a clear boat-shaped shape, handles, processed in the form of a head and tail of a waterfowl, and in all their appearance they resemble a waterfowl.

Along with ladles and skopkars, valleys or "yands" were decorations of the festive table.

Endova - a low bowl with a sock for draining. Large valleys held up to a bucket of liquid. Tver and Severodvinsk variants are known. The best Tver valleys are carved from burl. They are a bowl on an oval or cubic pallet with a spout in the form of a trough and a handle. The endova of the Severodvinsk type has the shape of a round bowl on a low base, with slightly bent edges, with a half-open toe in the form of a groove, sometimes figuratively carved. The handle is very rare. The initial processing of the described objects was carried out with an ax, the depth of the vessel was hollowed out (selected) with an adze, then leveled with a scraper. The final external processing was carried out with a cutter and a knife. Samples of Russian wooden utensils demonstrate high craftsmanship developed by more than one generation of folk craftsmen.

It is difficult to say when the manufacture of wooden carved dishes began on the territory of Russia. The earliest find of a ladle dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. e. Archaeological excavations on the territory of Kievan Rus and Novgorod the Great indicate that the production of wooden utensils was developed already in the 10th-12th centuries. In the XVI - XVII centuries. wooden utensils were made by serf landowners and monastic peasants or archers. The production of wooden utensils and spoons was widely developed in the 17th century, when the demand for them increased both in the city and in the countryside. In the 19th century With the development of industry and the advent of metal, porcelain, faience and glassware, the need for wooden dishes is sharply reduced. Its production is preserved mainly in the fishing areas of the Volga region.

Currently, scoop buckets and table buckets are one of the favorite types of artistic wood products. Arkhangelsk craftsmen, preserving the traditional basis of the North Russian ladle, prefer not to lacquer the velvety wood surface, slightly tinted in silver or light brown tones. The masters of the Khotkovo craft near Moscow created their own image of a modern ladle, ladle-bowl, ladle-vase, decorating the festive table (Fig. 2). They are characterized by a powerful plasticity of forms, an unusual surface, gleaming with inner light, of a pleasant tone. A ladle-sail with a highly raised straightened sail-handle has become traditional for fishing, on which, as a rule, a bush of the famous Kudrin ornament is carved.

Nice carved ladle for a bath wooden has long been used by man during the adoption of favorite water procedures. It was often included in a set with wooden buckets, in every possible way contributing to the healing of the whole organism from chronic and dangerous ailments. As a rule, this bath accessory was used by our ancestors, and modern fans of the sauna and the Russian bath,
after a few minutes of being in the steam room. With its help, water was poured onto hot stones, called electric heaters. As a result, hot steam was formed, which should not fall on the surface of the human body. Moreover, the price of a ladle for a wooden bath largely depends on the skill and experience used during its creation, especially for models that are distinguished by a unique artistic idea and the presence of original decorative carved elements.

Traditional manufacture of wooden carved ladles for a bath

Quite often, a carved wooden ladle is made from pre-prepared templates, as well as a processed wood block. Initially, rough processing takes place, which will allow the master to designate the main details and contours of the future masterpiece. Often, the manufacture of carved ladles, performed by the specialists of the Derevyanye Delo Master company, involves the use of a huge number of construction tools. It is they that allow you to create unique examples of artistic carpentry, which are not only distinguished by their functionality and long service life, but also by their excellent appearance, pleasing to the eye during water procedures. Moreover, nothing decorates this product like, which allows you to make clear lines and outline the contour of each element. And the additional ornament of traditional Russian images in the form of flowers or patterns once again reminds of the richness and picturesque beauty of folk art.

Our experienced wood carving masters, who have completed a huge number of orders in this direction, will be able to translate any artistic idea into reality, regardless of the complexity and volume of the work ahead. We will be able to provide high-quality and prompt services such as woodcarving house art, ranging from bath accessories to wooden benches and gazebos, which are distinguished by their grace and unsurpassed master's art. And thanks to the original and unique finishing carving patterns, it is possible to create real exclusive masterpieces that will decorate only your home!