What fertilizers are put when planting cucumbers. What fertilizers are needed for cucumbers? Fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field and in the greenhouse

Cucumber is considered the most demanding crop for soil fertility. To obtain a high yield of 30-35 kg / sq. m and more, several conditions must be met. On the one hand, the soil must contain a large amount of nutrient compounds. At the same time, the culture does not tolerate a high concentration of elements in the substrate. Therefore, to ensure balance, the cucumbers are fertilized with fertilizers. Let's consider further their main types.

Nitrogen fertilizers for cucumbers

They are necessary for culture at almost all stages of its development. Nutrient compounds are especially relevant at the beginning of the growing season, since they contribute to the formation of leaves. It should be remembered that the use of fertilizers for cucumbers can negatively affect the condition of the fruit. For example, ammonium nitrate is undoubtedly beneficial to the culture. However, it can accumulate in fruits as nitrates, which are harmful to humans. When choosing fertilizers for cucumbers in the greenhouse, you should focus on those in which NO3 is present. They can be used both with proper drip irrigation and spraying. If, at the beginning of growth, an excessive amount of potassium and phosphorus is added to the soil, and the N content is insufficient, this will negatively affect the state of the culture. Plants will be large, with a large number of male flowers and few small ovaries. Subsequent application of the necessary fertilizer for cucumbers in the greenhouse will not correct the situation.

Phosphorus

Cucumbers need this element in small quantities. However, he must do it constantly. Phosphorus ensures normal growth and functioning of the root system, rapid growth of green mass. The main thing is to apply phosphorus fertilizers on time and correctly. It is important for cucumbers to obtain the necessary nutrients for timely and abundant flowering. Phosphorus also ensures normal fruit setting and ripening.

Potash fertilizers for cucumbers

The culture needs such mixtures as they ensure the movement of nutrients from the root system to the rest of the plant. Potassium contributes to normal vegetative growth and fruiting. It is during active maturation that it is necessary to increase its amount. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizers for cucumbers are applied in smaller volumes.

Cucumbers are chlorine intolerant. It is often found in nutritional mixes. However, the potassium required for cucumbers is used in conjunction with chlorine (KCl). In order to avoid harming the plants, the mixture is brought under the autumn digging. With the top open in the greenhouse, all the chlorine will be washed off by snow and rain. By the spring planting, the required element will remain in the soil.

Mineral fertilizers for cucumbers are applied in different quantities. It depends on the quality of spring and autumn digging, soil characteristics. In addition, you should pay attention to the condition of the leaves. It is not necessary to apply mixtures under all plants at once. It is advisable to feed several bushes and look at their condition. If after a few days they feel good, then you can apply the mixture under the rest of the plantings.

Excess or shortage?

To determine what fertilizers are needed for cucumbers, periodic diagnostics should be carried out. There are a number of signs that indicate which element is in abundance and which is lacking in a culture. You can determine what fertilizers are needed for cucumbers, guided by the following simple instructions:

The plant stopped growing, a bluish tint appeared on the young leaves. These signs indicate a lack of phosphorus.
The leaves brightened and decreased, the fruits began to thicken and shorten, and their color, regardless of the variety, became pale green. In this case, there is not enough nitrogen.
Growth slowed down, a light green border appeared along the edge of the old leaves, which began to spread between the veins to the middle, the edges are wrapped inward, and the fruits have acquired a pear-shaped shape. All these signs indicate that potash fertilizers are needed.

For cucumbers planted in unprotected soil, a different ratio of the required elements is required. It depends on the condition of the soil, as well as the period in which they are introduced.

Fertilizers for cucumbers outdoors should be balanced. To ensure normal development and growth, you should know the recommended amount of required elements. So, per plant consumed:

23 g nitrogen.
19 - calcium.
14 - phosphorus.
5 - magnesium.
58 - potassium.

Per kilogram of fruit, you must:

2.64 g nitrogen.
2.19 - calcium.
6.6 - potassium.
1.55 - phosphorus.
0.57 - magnesium.

The culture is characterized by a long period of absorption of nutrients. But during the formation of fruits, each bush consumes a large amount of K2O (up to 1 g) and N (up to 0.6 g). In this regard, the lack of compounds leads to a sharp decrease in yield. When choosing fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field, it is necessary to take into account the needs of plants at one stage or another of the cycle.

Plant transplant

2-3 days before planting seedlings in the greenhouse, it is advisable to spray the seedlings with a solution of trace elements and add a nutrient mixture. This will make it easier for the plants to cope with changing conditions and stress. For cultivation in greenhouses, you can prepare a mixture of manure and turf. For preliminary composting, it is prepared as follows:

Transfer 10-15-centimeter layers of turf with manure (30 cm each) and sprinkle with phosphate rock. In the case of increased acidity of the soil, lime is added. The collars should be made at least 2 meters high. Every two months, the compost is shovelled by pouring slurry.

In newly commissioned greenhouses, layer-by-layer fertilization is recommended. Compost or manure is placed on the underlying layer at the rate of 25-40 kg per sq. m and dug to a depth of 20-25 cm. Horse (fresh) manure with sawdust is added to the loosened mixture. This pillow will act as drainage. In addition, it contributes to better nutrition of the root system. A compost mixture 25 cm thick is placed on top of the prepared layer. After that, fertilizers for cucumbers are applied. The main refueling includes a full dose of the phosphorus mixture. The rest are made in the following amount:

Nitrogen - 0.5 doses.
Magnesium - 0.5.
Potash - 0.75.

The rest of the parts should be added later.

An important point

When applying fertilizers to the main dressing, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of ammonia nitrogen in the protected soil. At a young age, the culture is very sensitive to its increased content. Its share should not exceed 25-30% of the total nitrogen volume. This is especially important in winter, in heated structures. With an insufficient amount of light and carbohydrates, the plantings do not use ammonia for the formation of protein compounds and amino acids. In such cases, fertilizers for cucumbers in nitrate form should be used.

Plant nutrition

When growing cucumbers in protected soil, top dressing is imperative. In a limited amount of land, it is difficult to retain a large amount of nutrients. For example, K and N are washed out very quickly. When adding loosening materials, a lot of nitrogen is required to decompose organic compounds and feed microorganisms. Phosphorus can be eliminated from mixtures by adding it only to the main dressing. This is especially true for soils that have been used for several years. It is better to apply the mixtures in the morning. The first feeding is carried out a month after planting. Spraying is necessary if there are signs of insufficient iron and magnesium. For this, a 0.1% solution of Mg sulfate and a 0.1% solution of citric acid Fe (or also its sulfate) should be prepared.

Growing in unprotected soil

The culture develops well in fertile soil. On sod-podzolic soil, plants should be planted in the second year after making a large amount of organic mixtures. It is not recommended to plant cucumbers in fresh manure. Although it can be added in the fall during the digging process in the amount of 5-10 kg / m 2. Mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture of simple ones: 20 g of urea, ammophos or double superphosphate, 30 g of potassium magnesium and 20 g of potassium sulfate. This mixture is designed for 1 sq. m.

When planting seedlings, you should carry out two feeding with chicken droppings or mullein. The first is done 14 days after germination. The second top dressing is carried out two days before planting in unprotected soil. After that, recharge is carried out every 10-15 days. Fertilizers for cucumbers before flowering should contain a lot of N. Subsequently, the plants need a lot of phosphorus. Top dressing can be done with complex fertilizers: nitroammofoska and "Stimul-1" (15 g each) or 30 g of fertilizer garden mixture with microelements without chlorine per 10 liters of mullein. However, it is not always possible to prepare such a mixture. In this case, the volume of mineral fertilizers should be increased by one and a half times.

Fruiting period

In its active phase and during its attenuation, cucumbers need K and N. The feeding of plants with complex soluble mixtures (per 1 m 2 20 grams) is very effective. This top dressing is especially good on light soils where the crop may lack magnesium. To lengthen the duration of fruiting, phosphorus is needed. Superphosphate is applied before rain or watering. The second way is best. With an optimal amount of phosphorus, cucumbers also need potassium nitrate without chlorine.

If a complex mixture is not available, you can combine several simple ones. For 10 liters of water: 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesium, 10 g of urea. The resulting mixture is designed for 1 sq. m. All irrigations are allowed to be combined with the addition of wood ash. It is rich in calcium and potassium. One hundred liters of water needs from 40 to 100 g of ash. Top dressing with such a solution can also be carried out after rain.

Nettle infusion also has a beneficial effect on the state of the culture. The grass should be allowed to stand for a week. The infusion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 7. Plants are watered with a solution every other day. When cloudy weather is established during the growing season, it is recommended to carry out foliar feeding with urea (20 grams per 10 liters of water).

Cucumber is a very healthy vegetable. Most of the vitamins and minerals that are necessary for human health are absorbed by plants from the soil. Therefore, along with lighting and maintaining a certain temperature regime, cucumbers must be provided with nutrients. Fertilizers begin to be applied to the soil even before the seeds are planted and they finish feeding after the fruits ripen. The vegetable grows quickly, but at the same time has a weak root system. Feeding errors can lead to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop.

What a plant needs for normal growth

You can find a large number of fertilizers on store shelves, but it is impossible to determine exactly whether they will bring a positive result. The exact recipe that is most suitable for feeding cucumbers has not been determined. The plant variety and soil characteristics are of particular importance during the procedure.

Each period of vegetable development requires a special approach. Therefore, feeding cucumbers in the greenhouse is carried out with various fertilizers, including:

nitrogen during the growing season is most needed;
potassium - with the growth of lashes;
nitrogen - during fruiting.

The soil in which the cucumber will grow will also help determine which additives to use.

Sandy soil usually requires potassium, boron and copper. Sod-podzolic - nitrogen and phosphorus; peaty, alkaline, carbonate - manganese.

Potassium

Often, fruits with a lack of this element are tapering at a short distance from the stalk, the leaves turn yellow, then turn brown and wither.

Potassium sulfate (aqueous solution) or wood ash diluted in water will help to cope with this problem.

Nitrogen

The leaves become small and light, turn yellow and fall off. The roots die off, the growth of the plant slows down. Flowers and ovaries die. The fruits are pointed and hooked, turn yellow and deteriorate. The plant urgently needs nitrogen.

In this case, you can use not only chemical fertilizers, but also natural ones. It is necessary to collect any weed, finely chop and fill with water (2 kg of plants per 10 liters of liquid). Leave the resulting mass until fermentation (about a week), then feed the cucumbers.

Chicken manure can be used to maintain normal nitrogen levels.

Magnesium

With a lack of this trace element, light green spots appear on the leaves. Later, the foliage turns yellow, breaks and falls off.

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Calcium

Calcium deficiency leads to a slowdown in plant growth and premature aging of the root system. Yellow spots appear on young leaves, and old ones acquire a dark green color above and purple below. In addition, they become shallow and crooked. Cucumbers grow small and tasteless.

Boron

Boron deficiency leads to the cessation of fetal development and, as a consequence, to a distortion of its shape. Photosynthesis is suppressed and the outflow of carbohydrates occurs, as a result of which the flowers lose their ability to fertilize and fall off. The stems are shortened, the leaves become spoon-shaped.

Phosphorus

When a plant lacks phosphorus, its leaves become small and take on a dark green color with a purple tint.

In this case, a solution of ammophos or diammophos is used.

Iron

With a lack of iron in the plant, chlorophyll ceases to form. The vegetable grows slowly, the leaves become light green, sometimes almost white.

Oversupply of fertilizers

Care must be taken when feeding cucumbers. Do not exceed the dose of fertilizers in any way. If there are too many of them, the appearance of the plant will tell you about it.

Excess nitrogen - the plant produces thick, irregularly shaped stems. The leaves turn dark green.

Excess potassium - mosaic spots or a light yellow border appear on the leaves, which eventually turns brown and then black.

A lot of potassium leads to the formation of a mosaic structure in the leaves.

With an excess of phosphorus, the plant turns yellow, the leaves fall off.

Along with chemical feeding, you can use rotted garbage, manure, straw, sawdust, peat and manure.

Fertilizing the soil before planting cucumbers

Bleach is used to disinfect the greenhouse. A solution is preliminarily prepared in a proportion of 300 g per bucket of water. It should be infused for at least four hours. Processing is carried out with great care. The solution should get onto all wood and metal structures. Glass should not be overlooked either. The slots are coated with sediment.

In the autumn, the soil should be dug up. At the same time, rotted manure, compost and humus are added to it. One bucket per square meter is used approximately. The necessary ingredients are dolomite flour or fluff lime. These ingredients are used in an amount of half a kilogram per square meter of soil.

At the end of the spring digging, the soil is saturated with the following substances:

ammonium nitrate - 30g;
potassium sulfate - 20g;
superphosphate - 30g.

After that, manganese is diluted in warm water. The entire area is poured abundantly with the resulting liquid. The solution is prepared at the rate of 10 g per bucket of water. The treated area is covered with a film, which will be removed directly during the planting of cucumbers.

How to grow delicious and beautiful cucumbers?

Feeding cucumbers

Fertilizing of cucumbers in the greenhouse is carried out during the season from 3 to 5 times. For the first time, the plant is fed after the appearance of several leaves. For ten liters of water is taken:

double superphosphate - 20-25 g;
potassium sulfate - 15-20 g or potassium chloride - 10-15 g;
ammonium nitrate - 10 - 15 g.

This solution is enough to feed 12-15 plants.

After about three weeks, the cucumbers bloom and the first ovaries form. It's time to feed the plant a second time.

A proven method is feeding using bird droppings or mullein.

Dissolve in 10 liters of water:

liquid mullein - 0.5 l and 1 tablespoon of nitrophoska.

Optionally add:

ash - 1 glass or potassium sulfate - 50 g;
boric acid - 0.5 g;
manganese sulfate - 0.3 g.

For 1 sq. m of soil, 3 liters of solution are used.

The third time, the cucumbers are fed after two weeks. To do this, dissolve half a tablespoon of liquid mullein in a bucket of water. About 6-7 liters of fertilizer are consumed per square meter. A solution with the same composition is used after another two weeks.
In addition to organic matter, you can use humic fertilizers (sodium humate).
We must not forget about the foliar feeding system. They can be purchased from specialized stores or you can make your own. To do this, you need to take 60 g of superphosphate, 30 g of potassium nitrate, 1 g of boric acid, 0.4 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1 g of zinc sulfate and dissolve in 10 liters of water.

Growing one of the oldest and most popular vegetable crops

Folk methods of feeding cucumbers:

if you add steamed peas to each hole, then strong cucumbers will grow. Legumes contribute to soil improvement and good seed growth of other plants;
put a fresh mullein cake in a small amount of water and stir until smooth. Dilute 1:10 with water and feed each bush with 1 liter of solution. Then water the plant abundantly at the root. Use fertilizer twice a day;
Pour the eggshells with hot water. Water must be added periodically. When planting seedlings, add one spoon at a time. Very effective, but has an unpleasant odor;
fertilizer for cucumbers in a greenhouse can be made as follows. This will require nettle, quinoa and plantain. Finely shredded herbs in the amount of 1 kg are poured with twelve liters of water, which is preheated. The resulting mixture is infused for about 24 hours. Then cucumber plants are filtered and watered (3 liters per square meter);
Dissolve 100 g of yeast in a bucket of water and leave for 24 hours. Water the vegetables under the root with this solution;
during the period of fruit growth, cucumbers can be fertilized with urea. However, an excess of it can harm the plant, so it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions. 50 g of urea is poured into 10 liters of settled water. After applying the solution, abundant watering is required.

How to grow your favorite vegetable

Feeding cucumbers is easy. It is important not to overdo it with fertilizers and apply them in small portions, and then they will bear fruit until late autumn.

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Cucumber is a tasty and healthy vegetable widely used in salads and preserves. It is classified as a rather capricious agricultural crops, therefore, obtaining a rich harvest requires compliance with several rules for choosing a place for planting and feeding them at various stages of cultivation. The introduction of fertilizers into the soil before planting cucumbers is the key to their rapid growth and active fruiting, therefore, it is worth paying special attention to the preliminary preparation of the soil in the garden allotted for them.

Fertilizing cucumbers before planting allows you to get excellent yields in the future

Autumn preparation for growing cucumbers in the open field

There are different opinions regarding the method of replenishing the land before planting seeds, and each summer resident independently chooses which technologies to use to fertilize the land before planting vegetables. Most gardeners are of the opinion that fertilizing the soil in the area intended for growing cucumbers is best in the fall, since it will take several months and a large amount of moisture to completely dissolve the mineral mixture used to saturate the soil with nutrients.

Top dressing for cucumber seedlings grown by the open method is prepared taking into account the squaring of the plot, based on the calculation that 3-4 buckets of ripe manure, 3-4 glasses of wood ash and 80-100 g of nitrophoska are required for each square meter of future beds. In autumn, the mixture is evenly applied to the area, which must be dug up in the spring and covered with a 15-centimeter layer of black soil.

Quail manure is applied to the garden in the fall

Spring preparation for growing cucumbers in the open field

If it was not possible to fertilize the soil in the fall, in the spring, at least a week before planting the seeds, in the place of the future cucumber bed, it is necessary to dig a groove about 40 cm deep, fill it with ripe manure, and cover it with a 16-centimeter layer of fertile soil on top, after which the soil must be leveled, form sides and cover with a thick film.

Only old manure can be added to the soil, since fresh mullein contains highly concentrated urea and nitrogen, which are capable of burning young cucumber sprouts. When fertilizing the soil, it is important to observe the proportions recommended by farmers, since an excessive amount of droppings on the site can provoke the formation of voids in cucumber fruits and a decrease in yield.

Fresh hay, fallen leaves or sawdust are excellent top dressing, which, when planting cucumbers, can replace manure and fully fertilize the earth. Any of these substances is introduced into the prepared groove, compacted and covered with fertile soil, on which it is already possible to form beds.

In cases where it is not possible to fertilize the soil in advance before sowing cucumbers, 3-4 days before planting the seeds, sprinkle the ground with ash mixed with superphosphate in the proportion: 2 tablespoons of fertilizer per 1 glass of ash, after which one bucket of humus is applied to the soil and rotten sawdust. Then the treated area is dug up and watered with 3-4 liters of humate solution prepared from 1 tbsp. tablespoons of this fertilizer concentrate and 10 liters. water. This amount of top dressing is enough to process 1 sq. meter of the garden. After all the manipulations, the soil is covered with a film to warm the earth.

In addition to feeding made by the gardeners themselves, ready-made complex fertilizers based on phosphorus and nitrogen, such as ammophos or diammophos, are also used. Due to their high mobility in the soil and easy solubility, phosphorus-nitrogen growth stimulants can be applied immediately before planting cucumbers.

Diammophos is suitable for fertilizing cucumbers before planting

We plant cucumbers in the greenhouse

Most often, cucumber seedlings are planted in greenhouses, which have 4-5 true leaves. Usually, this number of leaves appears in the third week after the seeds are hatched. Growing seedlings includes:

warming up the seeds;
moisturizing and fertilizing cucumber seeds;
cooling;
introduction of seeds into pots.

Seeds intended for growing seedlings are kept for a month in a warm room at a temperature of at least + 25 ° C, which will allow in the future to get a friendly sprout, earlier fruiting and a minimum amount of barren flowers. Before germination, heated cucumber grains must be placed in a disinfecting solution made from 100 g of cool water and 30 g of garlic pulp for an hour.

After the destruction of pathogenic microbes, the seeds are folded for 12 hours in a tissue flap soaked in a nutrient solution, for the preparation of which you will need 1 tablespoon of water, 1 teaspoon of fine wood ash and the same amount of nitrophosphate.

Then the grains are placed on a damp cloth, where they are kept for 2 days at a temperature of about + 20 ° C. When the seeds are swollen and slightly hatched, they are transferred to the refrigerator for 24 hours. These manipulations allow you to harden future shoots. Note that the seeds of hybrid varieties of cucumbers do not need pre-sowing preparation.

For growing cucumber seedlings, small containers 10-12 cm high are used, filled with a nutritious soil mixture. This substance is obtained from 1 part of rotten sawdust, 2 parts of humus and 2 parts of peat. 10 l of the preparation for the soil mixture is fertilized with 1.5 tablespoons of nitrophoska and 2 tablespoons of wood ash. Place 1 sprouted seed in 1 pea. Seedlings are watered at least once a week. The presence of intense lighting is a prerequisite for the normal growth of cucumber seedlings.

Before planting cucumber seedlings, the soil must be disinfected with potassium permanganate and sprinkled with phosphate fertilizer

You can plant seedlings in greenhouse soil 27-30 days after sowing. Immediately before planting, the sprout must be fertilized with a solution obtained by mixing 3 liters of water and 3 teaspoons of nitroammophoska or nitrophoska.

Cucumber shoots are planted in warm ground, previously watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and sprinkled with a teaspoon of any phosphate fertilizer. When planting between seedlings, it is necessary to maintain an interval of 30-35 cm. This distance is sufficient for the full growth of the cucumber root system.

Features of feeding various types of soil

Depleted or clayey soil can be fertilized with a mixture made from 5-6 kg of mullein, 30 g of superphosphate, 18 g of potassium-magnesia and 50 g of nitroammophoska, which can be replaced with 18 g of ammonium nitrate. All components of the fertilizer are thoroughly mixed and evenly applied to the planting area of 1 sq. m. Also, before planting cucumbers, 5 g of granular superphosphate are poured into each meter of the garden.

For full development on sandy loam soil, the cucumber sprout needs additional fertilizers in the form of magnesium, therefore, when planting seedlings and seeds on such soils, the soil is enriched with the appropriate organo-mineral mixtures.

Kalimagnesia - fertilizer for clay and depleted soils

Important to remember

For planting cucumbers, it is better to choose slightly darkened backyards. The soil allocated for planting this crop should be thoroughly fertilized and warmed up with a film. Seeds must be pre-soaked and disinfected in order to avoid the development of various diseases.

Remember, cucumbers "love" phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, as well as abundant watering.

Delicious and healthy cucumbers, being far from being the most whimsical vegetable crop, make special demands on the composition of the soil, or rather on the content of nutrients in it. For this reason, fertilizing cucumbers with fertilizers is an integral part of caring for this plant. The lack of one or another mineral or trace element will certainly affect the appearance of the plant - plaque will appear on the leaves, they will turn yellow and dry out, the fruits will have a deformed shape. To prevent this, it is necessary to apply fertilizers in a timely manner, and it's time to do this even at the planting stage.

Potassium requirement

When planting cucumbers in spring, it is necessary to take care of applying fertilizers to the soil in advance, namely three weeks before the planned planting of seeds, evenly distributing them over the surface of the soil. Along with mineral fertilizers in this period of time, organic fertilizing is also used, represented, as a rule, by humus.

Potash fertilizers are of great importance for the correct formation of cucumbers, their further full-fledged growth and an increase in the taste characteristics of fruits. The most common and demanded potash fertilizers used during the planting of cucumbers are potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, urea, double or granular superphosphate, potassium chloride.

Indispensable nitrogen

The most important chemical component that must also be introduced into the soil when planting cucumbers is nitrogen. You need to know that an insufficient supply of nitrogen when planting this vegetable crop with an increased concentration of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers can lead to the formation of an insufficient number of ovaries on flowers and the predominance of male flowers over female ones.

Interestingly, even if in the future to fully satisfy the need for cucumbers in nitrogen, this will not correct the current state of affairs. It is important to remember this.

A little about phosphorus

Also, when planting cucumbers, it is necessary to enrich the soil with phosphorus fertilizers. This microelement is necessary for cucumbers at all stages of their development, from planting seeds to harvesting.

Phosphorus contributes to the full functioning of the root system. It also ensures timely flowering and normal fruit setting.

Popular dressings

Chicken droppings have proven themselves well. When planting plants, many gardeners add chicken droppings diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 to the soil, rich not only in bioactive components, but also in such chemical components as zinc, boron, cobalt.

The second remedy is wood ash. The introduction of wood ash into the soil when planting cucumbers contributes to the creation of optimal conditions for the vital activity of beneficial soil microorganisms, which will continuously fertilize the soil, leaving in it the products of their vital activity. It should be borne in mind that in no case should you combine feeding tomatoes with ash and nitrogen-containing fertilizers, since when these components interact, the effectiveness of such fertilizing is reduced to zero.

The floating ones are removed, and the ones that have settled to the bottom are left, dried and, after a couple of years, used for sowing. At the end of May, the seeds are sown. By this time, the soil should warm up to 12-13 ° C.

Consumption is normally 1g. per 1 m2. In this case, the distance between the seeds is 3-5 cm. You can sow the seeds earlier to increase the fruiting period, but in this case there is a risk that the crops will die due to frost.

At early planting dates, dry seeds are used. When conditions are favorable, they will swell on their own and begin to germinate. Folk omens say that the best time for planting is when the dandelions bloom and the petals of the apple tree flowers fall off.

The culture does not tolerate thickening, therefore, the planting density should be strictly observed.

Cucumber Care - Watering

Cucumbers need regular watering. The best time for him is the afternoon. It is better to water from a watering can in small doses. The water should first be warmed up in the sun. Watering with cold water can cause various plant diseases.

The watering rate depends on the weather conditions, the condition of the plants and the composition of the soil. When flowering begins, watering is stopped for a while. In a slightly increased volume, it is resumed at the beginning of fruiting.

If the feeding of cucumbers is organic, then it is slurry or chicken droppings. After fertilizing, water the plants with water to wash off the previously used substances.

Urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate are what you should feed your cucumbers during the cold snap. This cucumber fertilizer is sprayed with a hand sprayer.

Fruit picking

Soil for cucumbers

Cucumbers are ground and salad (long). You can grow cucumbers outdoors, but better in greenhouses and greenhouses. Cucumber is a climbing plant that can be grown in a creeping form or on a trellis, which significantly increases the yield.

Cucumber is a very moisture-loving and thermophilic plant. Ideally, it is better to grow cucumbers in different greenhouses, because cucumbers like moist heat, while tomatoes like dry air. With a lack of moisture in the soil and air, as well as at cold temperatures, green plants can stop growing. ( discussion of the peculiarities of growing vegetable crops)

The cucumber is picky about light; when grown in open ground, it prefers places protected from the wind and.

6.4-7.0, acidic soils are not suitable for cucumber, they are necessary.

Cucumbers love watering. With a lack of moisture, the leaves of cucumbers darken and become brittle. With an excess of moisture, they are pale green. The cucumber needs watering especially during the period of mass fruit formation.

Do not rush with the first watering of cucumbers, then it will have a more powerful stem, short internodes and a good root system. Watering is carried out with partial drying of the soil, without delays. Water for irrigation should be at least + 18 ° C. Cucumbers become bitter from lack of moisture and with temperature fluctuations.

Cucumber seeds can be sown dry, but better.

The cucumbers should be planted in rich soil. In autumn or spring, 10-15 kg of organic fertilizers (per 1 m2) are applied to the garden bed. Mineral fertilizers are scattered in the spring 3 weeks before sowing or planting cucumber seedlings in an amount of 10 g of nitrogen, 12 g of phosphorus, 12 g of potassium.

The first feeding of cucumbers is carried out in the phase of 1-2 true leaves, but with good development of seedlings, it can be fed later. To do this, dilute 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potassium salt and 10 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water. (for 10-15 plants). The second feeding of cucumbers is done 15 days after the first, doubling the amount of dissolved fertilizers. The solution should not get on the green parts of the plants. On poor soils and with weak growth of cucumbers (or instead of a second feeding), they can be fed with a solution or chicken droppings with the addition. If there is a lack of nutrition, cucumbers discard all ovaries, their leaves turn yellow. With a lack of nutrition, the fruits of a cucumber are deformed: the pear-shaped form of a cucumber indicates a lack of potassium in the soil, a narrowed, lightened bent tip (like a beak) is a symptom of a lack of nitrogen, a cucumber with a "waist" - changes in day and night temperatures or watering with cold water, curves, arched cucumbers may result from cross-pollination of different hybrids or the reason for irregular watering - "sometimes empty, sometimes thick."

The best precursors for cucumber are green manure, cabbage, onion, tomato

You can not plant a cucumber in the garden after plants of the pumpkin family

Planting time and growing cucumber seedlings Seeds germinate at +12 - +15 ° C. Shoots appear on the 6th day.

Cucumbers can be grown through, then the seeds are sown in the substrate at the end of April, and the seedlings are planted in the garden at the end of May. The substrate for the seedlings of cucumbers is made up of turf, humus, mullein (2: 7: 1). You can use peat and mullein soil (4: 1). 30 g of ammonium nitrate or urea, 20 g of superphosphate, 6 g of potassium salt, 30 g of lime are added to a bucket of soil mixture. Growing cucumbers in open ground is effective when they are planted there with 25-30 day seedlings (2-3 true leaves). In the first days for seedlings, a temperature of + 20-25 ° C is required, in the future - + 20-22 ° C during the day, 15-16 ° C at night. Cucumbers do not tolerate transplants well, so it is better to plant them immediately in separate containers (10-12 cm in diameter) without intermediate ones. In the ground, seedlings of cucumbers are planted at the age of 25-30 days in the phase of 4-5 true leaves. 10 days after the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings of the cucumber are fed with slurry (1: 1) or bird droppings (1:10), adding 20 g of superphosphate per 1 a bucket of solution. 1-2 days before planting cucumber seedlings in the ground, they feed it by dissolving 15 g of urea, 40 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium fertilizers in 10 liters of water (consumption of 10 liters of solution per 2 m?). A week before planting seedlings harden, gradually accustoming to the sun's rays, cool air and wind. For the prevention of diseases, it is useful to process cucumber seedlings with epin or immunocytophyte. If you sow cucumber seeds directly into open ground, this must be done in early June, but for reliability it is better to cover the seedlings with film or lutrasil. At a temperature of + 20 ° C, flowering will occur 10 days later than at + 27 ° C. At temperatures of 32 ° C, the development of the cucumber is inhibited.

The scheme for planting cucumbers in open ground is 20x100 cm.

The scheme for planting cucumbers in a greenhouse is 80x60 cm The cucumber should grow in warm warm soil, so it is better to grow it on, 25 cm high. It is better to orient the cucumber beds from east to west, arranging a slight slope to the south.

Cucumber seeds are sealed to a depth of 2-3 cm.

Germination of cucumber seeds is better after 2-4 years of storage.

: anthracnose, powdery mildew, root rot, white rot, bacteriosis, cucumber mosaic, melon aphids, whiteflies, slugs, spider mites. They will help to cope with many problems, but it is better to choose varieties of cucumber that are resistant to diseases.

Many plants in joint plantings are able to take care of their neighbors and theirs themselves.

Cucumbers need frequent watering, feeding and several hilling per season, which stimulates the formation of additional roots. Ground cucumbers are usually pinched over the 5-6th leaf to stimulate the formation of side lashes. In greenhouse cucumbers, the lateral lashes above the first ovary are regularly pinched. To simplify maintenance and improve the temperature and water conditions, cucumber beds are better.

It is necessary to remove excess fruits that have reached 5-7 cm, so that no more than 10-18 cucumbers remain on one plant. Cucumbers love high humidity, for which they can be sprayed, but it is also impossible to overdo it on this issue due to the risk of various fungal diseases. When growing cucumbers in greenhouses, regular ventilation is required. To increase the yield and improve pollination, pollinating insects need to be attracted to the garden, for which the plant during flowering can be sprayed with a solution of sugar (100 g) and boric acid (2 g) per 1 liter of hot water. You can also hang jars of honey solution nearby (1 teaspoon for 1 glass of water). In order to avoid poisoning of pollinating insects during the flowering of the garden, spraying with pesticides is not used.

Cucumber varieties for open ground: Altai early 166, Vyaznikovsky 37, Muromsky 36, Graceful,

Cucumber varieties for growing in greenhouses: Magnificent, Pallas' cat, April, Druzhny, MOVIR-1, Cucumber variety for balcony and windowsill cultivation

Agrotechnics of cucumbers. To obtain a rich and high-quality harvest, you need to create all the necessary conditions - light, heat and moisture. The soil should be rich in humus.

Preparing the soil and planting cucumbers

Well-lit areas of land should be allocated for planting cucumbers. They should be filled with organic fertilizers. In the fall, after the harvest has been carried out, you need to dig up the soil.

In the spring, the soil surface is leveled with a rake. This helps to reduce evaporation and remove weeds from the site. In May, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied. For 1 m2; use 10-15 kg.

Compost or manure, 20 g of urea, 30 g of superphosphate, as well as 20 g of potassium sulfate or 10 g of potassium chloride. It is advisable to use not fresh, but already old seeds. 2-4 years of age. Such seeds are more productive.

They are able to form a larger number of female-type flowers, and, therefore, more ovaries. You can sort the seeds before sowing. To do this, they are placed in a saline solution and left for a while.

The floating ones are removed, and the ones that have settled to the bottom are left, dried and after a couple of years used for sowing. At the end of May, the seeds are sown. By this time, the soil should warm up to 12-13 ° C. Consumption is normally 1g. per 1 m2.

In this case, the distance between the seeds is 3-5 cm. You can sow the seeds earlier to increase the fruiting period, but in this case there is a risk that the crops will die due to frost. At early planting dates, dry seeds are used.

When conditions are favorable, they will swell on their own and begin to germinate. Folk omens say that the best time for planting is when the dandelions bloom and the petals of the apple tree flowers fall off. The culture does not tolerate thickening, therefore, the planting density should be strictly observed.

Cucumber Care - Watering

Cucumbers need regular watering. The best time for him is the afternoon. It is better to water from a watering can in small doses.

The water should first be warmed up in the sun. Watering with cold water can cause various plant diseases. The watering rate depends on the weather conditions, the condition of the plants and the composition of the soil. When flowering begins, watering is stopped for a while.

In a slightly increased volume, it is resumed at the beginning of fruiting.

The best fertilizers for cucumbers - how to feed cucumbers at different periods of their cultivation

Competent care of cucumbers cannot be imagined without top dressing. After thinning, the plants should be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers, which should be diluted in water. It can be urea or ammonium nitrate.

If the feeding of cucumbers is organic, then it is slurry or chicken droppings. After fertilizing, water the plants with water to wash off the previously used substances from them. Urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate are what you should feed the cucumbers during the cold snap. This cucumber fertilizer is sprayed with a hand sprayer.

Fruit picking

About two months after planting, the plant begins to bear fruit. From this moment on, it is necessary to collect the zelents in a timely manner. Harvested not only marketable fruits, but also sick, overripe and damaged.

Otherwise, they will deplete the plant and interfere with the formation of new ovaries. It is unacceptable to tear off, pull and pull the whips. To collect, press the stem with your thumb.

How to fertilize the soil in a cucumber garden

Preparing the greenhouse beds for planting cucumbers

After cultivation, we begin to prepare the garden for planting a cucumber.

Fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field

Cucumbers grow well in fertile soil. On sod-podzolic soils, they should be planted in the second year after abundant application of organic fertilizers to the soil.

For a short growing season, the culture needs to form a powerful leaf apparatus and a large number of fruits. It is not recommended to plant cucumbers with fresh manure because of the strong vegetation to the detriment of fruiting. Although fresh manure in the amount of 5-10 kg per 1 m2 can be applied under the predecessor or in the fall when digging the soil.

Carbon dioxide, which is released during the decomposition of fresh manure, significantly improves the physical properties of the soil. The main organic fertilizer for cucumbers can be considered semi-rotten manure, which is applied for spring digging of soil, in rows when sowing seeds or in holes when planting seedlings. For these purposes, you can also use waste greenhouse soil, compost mixture, humus soil or well-decomposed peat. Of the entire fertilizer rate set for cucumbers, two-thirds should be applied for digging, and the rest - together with pre-sowing loosening of the soil, in rows at sowing or in holes when planting seedlings, as well as in dressing.

In all cases, a complete mineral fertilizer is added to the organic fertilizer: 90 g of nitrophosphate or 50 g of nitroammophoska. The complete mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture of simple fertilizers, taking 20 g of urea, double superphosphate or ammophos, 20 g of potassium sulfate or 30 g of potassium magnesium per 1 m2 ... On acidic soils, liming should be carried out (preferably under the previous culture) by introducing 300-500 g of dolomite flour per 1 m2 of plot. You can apply the following set of fertilizers under the culture: 3 kg of humus and peat each, 2 kg of sawdust to loosen the soil, 30- 40 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of potassium salt per 1 m2 of plot.

Fertilizers must be evenly distributed over the plot and embedded in the soil to a depth of 20 cm by digging. If, when sowing, granular superphosphate (5 g per 1 m2) is added to the rows, you can get an early harvest of cucumbers faster. Powdered superphosphate must be pre-mixed with humus.

Potash fertilizers during spring tillage can be replaced with wood ash at the rate of 150-200 g per 1 m2. Cucumbers in central Russia are usually grown through seedlings, which are fed twice with mullein (1: 8) or chicken droppings (1: 10). The first time feeding with a liquid solution is carried out 2 weeks after germination. The second feeding is given 2 days before planting the seedlings, adding 15 g of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate and 20 g of superphosphate to 10 liters of mullein or bird droppings solution.

The solution consumption is 1 glass for 2 plants. After planting cucumbers in a permanent place in the ground, fertilizing should be carried out every 10-15 days, combining them with watering. Before flowering, cucumbers primarily require nitrogen to promote stem growth and leaf formation.

For nitrogen feeding, 1 liter of mullein or 10 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water. At the beginning of flowering, when liquid feeding based on mullein is added, micronutrient fertilizers (1 tablet per 1 liter of solution) are added to the solution. You can also prepare an aqueous solution consisting of 10 liters of water, 0.5 g of boric acid, 0.4 g of manganese sulfate and 0.1 g of zinc sulfate. During the period of mass flowering, cucumbers have an increased need for phosphorus and potassium, and on sandy loam they also often lack magnesium.

Therefore, from the moment the buds are formed and throughout the entire flowering period, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding of the plants, applying full fertilization. To do this, add 40 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesium to 10 liters of mullein solution.

The solution consumption is 200-250 ml per plant. For top dressing, you can use the following complex fertilizers: 25 g of nitroammofoska, "Stimul-1" or 30 g of a garden fertilizer mixture with microelements, but without chlorine, per 10 liters of mullein solution. Solution consumption is 1 liter for 4-5 plants.

If there is no possibility to prepare a fertilizing solution based on mullein, the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased by 1.5 times. During the period of active fruiting and when it dies out, cucumbers need nitrogen-potassium fertilizers. A good effect is given by top dressing with a soluble complex fertilizer (20 g per 1 m2), which is especially useful on light soils, where plants may lack magnesium. If cloudy weather is established for a long time during the growing season of cucumbers, foliar top dressing with urea (20 g per 10 l of water) .To lengthen the fruiting period, you will need to feed with phosphorus.

Superphosphate can be applied before watering or rain, but is best done with irrigation water. With a sufficient supply of phosphorus to cucumbers, top dressing with potassium nitrate, which does not contain chlorine that is bad for cucumbers, is useful.

In the absence of complex fertilization, a mixture of simple fertilizers can be applied by diluting 10 g of urea and 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium sulfate in 10 liters of water and consuming the resulting amount of fertilizer per 1 m2 of soil. All irrigation of cucumbers can be combined with the introduction of wood ash - a supplier of potassium and calcium (from 40 to 100 g of ash per 10 liters of water). Feeding with ash can also be carried out after rain. A beneficial effect on cucumbers is provided by feeding with a weekly extract of nettle. The infusion must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 7 and water the plants every other day.