Do-it-yourself barn from a 50x100 board. Do-it-yourself barn: phased construction

A frame barn is an outbuilding, without which not a single private household can do. Household equipment is stored here so that it does not take up space in the house. To build a barn, you can hire a team of professional craftsmen, however, it is possible to build a building on your own even for people without special skills in construction. The main thing is to choose the right materials and know the construction technology.

Pros and cons of a shed

A frame shed, like any structure, has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of building from:

High construction speed - construction takes several days, while it has a long operational period.
Reasonable cost, especially if you do all the work yourself.
Light weight, thanks to which the structure is easily erected and does not require a powerful foundation.
The structure does not shrink, which is why defects do not occur on the building material.

Frame barn.

The structure, for all its advantages, also has a disadvantage. Materials require pre-treatment to protect against the negative effects of the environment, mold and fungus, which increases the period of construction of the structure and entails the need for additional investments.

Despite the disadvantage, the design is in high demand, since the advantages of the structure overlap the disadvantages.

Frame barn

Before you start building a barn, you must first choose a place for the building. It is recommended to build a building where it is not planned to arrange beds for planting crops. At the same time, the remoteness of the barn from the house is unimportant and you can be guided by personal preferences. A wooden shed is suitable for construction both near the house and at a distance from it.

Place under the barn near the fence.

Barn frame from the board

Do-it-yourself barn frame is erected without the use of special equipment. It is easily assembled with construction tools.

To build a barn frame from a board, you will need a material whose size is 100x50 mm. Construction begins only after the foundation has completely solidified, if the structure is placed on a support. The first thing they do is assemble the lower trim of the barn from a 100x100 mm beam. with your own hands. Next, logs for the floor are made from the boards. The step between the material should be 500-600 mm. Then fix the vertical racks.

On a note

The boards are fixed around the entire perimeter at a distance of 500-600 mm. between themselves. To strengthen the structure, jibs are attached to the corners. After that, the upper strapping of the barn is performed.

Timber barn frame

Most often, a barn frame is made of timber. For the construction of the structure, dry material is required, on which there are no defects, mold and fungus. The recommended timber size is 100x100 mm. Before the construction of the structure, it is recommended to treat the material with an antiseptic to protect against the harmful effects of an aggressive biological environment, as well as a fire retardant, which will prevent the structure from igniting.

Timber frame shed.

To build a barn frame from a bar, professionals advise taking material whose length corresponds to the size of the large wall of the structure. This will allow you to tie from one piece of material, and not to assemble it from parts.

Timber barn frame

The barn frame made of logs is the least popular. This is due to the fact that the material is very heavy, and it will not work to build a structure from it alone. Help is needed for this. Another disadvantage of logs is the high price. For this reason, experts recommend opting for boards or timber. However, a more reliable barn frame is obtained from logs. For the construction of such a structure, it is recommended to hire a team of professional craftsmen.

Before erecting any outbuilding, it is recommended to draw a frame for a barn. It is recommended to order a project from professionals. There are standard drawings with standard dimensions, from which you can choose the most suitable option. Wooden barn projects are affordable.

The power frame of the shed.

However, a do-it-yourself frame diagram for a barn is not as complicated as, for example, a drawing of a house, so you can do it yourself. To do this, it is recommended to use drawings from the Internet as an example. At the same time, when the barn frame scheme is being executed, one should take into account the dimensions of the structure.

Foundation

The frame under the barn is light weight, like the whole structure itself. For this reason, it is recommended to perform as a support for the structure. Even a non-professional can equip it on their own.

Support columns are arranged in the corners of the structure and where the partitions will be bridged. The distance between the posts should not exceed 2 meters. Supports are also erected in the center of a small wall if its length exceeds 2.5 m. This will protect the floor from sagging while walking.

Foundation for a frame shed.

Step-by-step instructions for erecting a columnar foundation:

Dig holes that are 800 mm deep.
Fill the holes with sand, crushed stone or gravel to 150 mm. and tamp the materials.
Perform masonry using cinder blocks or red bricks, as well as concrete mortar.

When the foundation is dry, you can start building the frame of the barn.

barn frame

The frame of the shed in the video lessons and this moment is clearly visible, as they begin to build from the bottom trim. It is important that the materials for this part of the structure are of high quality, since the entire structure will rest on it.

The frame of a wooden shed is being built as follows:

Fix sheets of roofing material on the support posts to waterproof the structure.
Perform the lower trim of the bars, size 100x100 mm.
Fix the logs on the base, the distance between which should be 500-600 mm.
When installing boards, it should be borne in mind that you need to leave room for window and door openings. For their arrangement, material of a smaller size is used. To fix the openings, a vertical beam is installed. Windows and doors will be attached to them.
Fix the racks to the frame with nails or metal plates. The recommended distance is 600 mm. However, the step can be increased, but make it no more than 1.5 m. - this is the maximum plant between the racks.
Do the top tie in the same way as the bottom tie.
Strengthen the frame of the shed shed with jibs. Fix them at the bottom of the side posts, and fasten additional braces around the entire perimeter to help complete the sheathing of the building.

If a barn frame with a shed roof is being made, then after the construction of the structure, a roof should be made. This will require boards, 50x100 mm in size. To make a roof, boards are fixed on the edge, which are left for the rafters.

The length of the material must be greater than the width of the barn so that the roof extends beyond the structure. The roof can be covered with ondulin. To do this, the crate is fixed in increments of 400 mm. and laying the flooring. After that, the barn is sheathed with OSB or other material, windows and a door are installed, and the structure is decorated.

gable roof

How to make a frame for a barn with a gable roof. It is performed in the same way as a building with a pitched roof. The difference lies only in the design of the roof. At the top of the strapping of the boards, two triangles are fixed from the side of the small walls of the barn. They must be greater than the width of the structure.

Barn with double pitched roof.

A board is attached in the middle of the triangles so that the gable roof is strengthened. To strengthen the roof, it is also recommended to nail metal plates onto the triangle. After that, the rafters are fixed. For this, boards of 150x50 mm are used.

On such a barn roof frame, a crate is installed under the roofing material. It is recommended to use a metal tile. After that, sheathing is performed, do-it-yourself door installation and barn decoration. The structure is ready for operation.

Knowing how to build a plank shed, you can independently build a structure in a short time. The main thing is to choose high-quality material and adhere to the rules of construction.

Not a single country house or cottage can do without a shed for storing garden tools and various equipment. We invite you to find out how to build a barn with your own hands with a shed roof in stages. To do this, you must follow certain recommendations from the videos and diagrams of experienced gardeners.

Do-it-yourself barn construction step by step

The first step is to choose a place to place a frame outbuilding with a shed or gable roof. It is best to choose a place where the soil is not suitable for beds. A wooden shed cannot be placed on garden paths and car passages. The best option would be to place them at some distance, near the landings. The entrance to the barn should allow you to easily place overall equipment.

The next step is to clear the place of debris and grass for the construction of a barn with your own hands. The upper part of the soil is cut off twenty centimeters. The roots are removed, everything is aligned.

Before further work, the necessary material and tools are prepared. As lumber for the construction of a frame shed with a shed roof, the second - third grade of wood is suitable, so it is cheap and will reduce construction costs.

For the construction of a frame wooden shed, it is taken:

timber for frame construction 10 by 10 cm;
for rafters board 5 by 15 cm;
for sheathing - board 4 by 15 cm;
for the crate, unedged wood is needed.
for moisture protection - film and roofing felt.
for the roof - corrugated board, metal tiles, soft tiles.
for concrete - gravel (crushed stone), river sand and of course cement.
for fastening nails or self-tapping screws, steel corners.

Tools for the construction of a wooden frame shed in the country will need the following:

screwdriver;
electric drill;
electric planer;
jigsaw;
saw.

For outbuildings, even from wood, only a columnar type of foundation is always erected. Crushed stone and gravel pillow is not suitable for this purpose.

Step 1. First of all, the markup for the pillars is done. The spans must be less than 1.5 meters.

Step 2. The pillars are placed at the corners of the future building, along the perimeter inside it.

Step 3 Holes are dug 0.5 meters deep.

Step 4 Formwork is built to a height of 0.3 meters.

Step 5 A sand and gravel mixture is poured to the bottom.

Step 6 Reinforcement is placed, concrete is poured.

Step 7. Boards for the barn are treated with an antiseptic and refractory varnish.

After 4 days, the concrete hardens, then the formwork is removed from the foundation for the future barn. A two-layer roofing material is distributed on the pillars. A rectangular shape from a bar is mounted at the top. The ends are connected with steel brackets. Vertically arranged racks are exposed. Fastened with steel corners. One front wall of the barn needs to be built higher. The entrance is planned according to the step-by-step instructions and drawings.

Logs for the floor are connected to the sweat, and then they are closed with tongue-and-groove or edged boards. Beams for floors are laid, vertical beams go on top, which are fastened with steel brackets, corners.

Watch the video: How to build a do-it-yourself barn with a shed roof in stages

How to make a roof for a barn with your own hands

When all the stages of construction have been completed, you can start building a shed roof for a wooden shed with your own hands. For high-quality protection of the barn from the weather, a multilayer cake is made. The upper frame harness acts as a Mauerlat.

The length of the rafter legs should be equal to the distance from one to the other slope. 0.5 meters are added to the overhangs on each side. One leg is made for the pattern, and others are made according to it. Notches are made on all parts for fastening to frame beams.

Rafter legs are installed with a span of no more than 80 centimeters and are fixed with metal corners or nails.
The waterproofing is overlapped and fixed with a stapler or small nails.
A crate is made from an unedged board.
When using a soft roof, the lathing becomes more frequent.
The roofing material is fixed with galvanized self-tapping screws with a rubber head specially designed for this purpose. When screwing in such self-tapping screws, the cap flattens and closes the hole.
The frame is sewn up with processed boards.
Doors with windows are installed.
The final finishing of the premises is being carried out.
In the outbuilding there is a countertop, wall shelves.
The outer part of the barn, if desired, is closed with siding.
The facade of a wooden barn can be painted with enamel. It is necessary to refresh the coating after five years.

Useful video: Do-it-yourself frame shed-workshop for a week

Subject to the stages of construction, it is possible in a short time build a wooden shed with a shed roof, without which not a single country resident or summer resident can do.

No matter how much space there is in a country house, on a personal plot one cannot do without such a necessary outbuilding as a barn.

If there is no experience of self-construction yet, but the owner knows how to handle the tool, he can easily build a barn at the dacha with his own hands, following the instructions.

If the shed will be located next to the house, and it is important that it looks aesthetically pleasing, it is better to use the same materials from which the house is built. To reduce the cost of construction, you can finish the shed with siding - it can be different, and imitates any materials - wood, brick, stone of different textures.

How to make a barn quickly and inexpensively

Guided by step-by-step instructions on how to make a barn on your own, you can build it as soon as possible, while spending very little money.

One of the easiest, fastest and cheapest options is a frame shed. The frame itself can be either made of wood or metal, it is sheathed on the outside with suitable material, a roof is installed - and a convenient outbuilding is ready for use.

If the barn is wooden, then the frame can be made of timber. But it is more convenient, more reliable and durable to make a frame from profiled pipes with a rectangular or square section - a profile with a round section is more difficult to join and weld.

There are also ready-made metal frames on sale, which are assembled using self-tapping screws, and at the factory you can order a design according to your own drawing.

As practice shows, the assembly of both metal and wooden sheds usually takes only a few days. The photo shows sheds on frames - what they are, and how beautifully they can be finished.

What to be the foundation

Sheds on frames are lightweight buildings, so the foundation for them is made lightweight. Most often, several posts, screw piles or a concrete block are enough - one or more, depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe barn.

If the soil on the land plot is complex, the foundation can be a shallow strip foundation from special monolithic blocks.

A reinforced strip foundation will withstand even bricks and building blocks as walls - the building will be reliable and will not crack on the ground, which is prone to swelling, since the movement of the structure will occur along with the foundation.

The choice of the type of foundation depends on the soil on the site, the area of the barn, the material from which it is built, as well as the financial capabilities of the owners of the site. But the easiest, fastest and cheapest way is to build a barn on a frame without a foundation.

Frame shed without foundation

Frame sheds can be built without a foundation at all. There are two options. In one case, the racks treated against decay are deepened by 60-80 cm, concreted, and then the lower trim is attached to them, on which the floor is laid on the logs. It should be noted that this method is only suitable for building a small area.

On soils that absorb and drain water well, you can also build a barn without a foundation like this: the site for construction is marked in such a way that the site on which the barn will stand is 0.5 m wider on each side than the area of \u200b\u200bthe building itself .

Sod is removed from the ground and sand and gravel bedding is made, which must be carefully compacted. A strapping beam is laid on the prepared place, logs for the floor treated with an antiseptic are attached to it - the logs will be in direct contact with the ground, so treatment with an antiseptic is required.

As soon as logs for the future floor are laid on the site, the floor itself is made. It can be made of board, from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or from oriented strand board (OSB). In this case, the recommended thickness of materials:

for the board - 20 mm;
for plywood and OSB - 13-15 mm.

When the site for the building is ready, you can begin to build a barn.

Note!

When building a frame shed with a shed roof, the roof should be installed correctly - its angle of inclination should be such that snow easily rolls off it.

Practice shows that the optimal angle of inclination is achieved with a height of one wall - 3 m, and the opposite - 2.4 m. It is good to cover the roof with ondulin - this roofing material is also called euroslate.

Ondulin is much more attractive in appearance than slate, it has a wavy shape, and its color can be different, this allows you to make the roof of the barn beautiful, cheerful, truly country.

Having started assembling the frame, first, racks of each wall are mounted alternately in the floor. If not boards are chosen for sheathing, but ready-made slabs - made of wood, metal or other material, sheathing can be installed on the frame of each wall in advance, on the ground, and the wall can be fixed to the floor in finished form. Alternatively, the walls can be sheathed with OSB 9.5 mm thick.

There is an alternative technology - Balloon (balun). With this method, the installation is carried out gradually - immediately on the strapping or the blocks themselves, the corner frame racks are fixed as the racks are mounted in height. Between them, at each new height level, a rope is pulled, along which the next racks are then set up.

Note!

When arranging window and door openings, it should be taken into account that the load on the frame is greater here, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the frame in those places where the window and door sashes will be attached. To do this, the openings are equipped not only with corner, but also with reinforced racks.

Roof erection

Since the roof of the barn will be single-pitched, the rafter system is simple: rafter boards, the length of which, to ensure an overhang (usually 30-50 cm) must be greater than the length of the side of the area itself, intended for the roof, are laid on the edge. For example, if the planned shed area is 3 m by 3 m, then the length of the board for the rafters should be 3.840 m.

The boards are nailed obliquely - two nails on both sides, so that the roof can more reliably withstand loads under snow pressure and in strong winds, it can be reinforced with metal corners.

It is necessary to mount a crate on the roof (suitable 100 * 25 mm). If the roof is planned to be covered with ondulin, then the optimal lathing step recommended by the manufacturer of this roofing material should be 40 cm.

The final step is to cover the roof with the selected material - ondulin, slate or others.

Note!

Completion of the barn

After the erection of walls and roofs, windows and doors are mounted in the prepared openings.

At the door, you can make a small porch, or just one or several small steps, depending on the height of the barn threshold.

The lining of the barn can be painted to match the roof, or if it is wooden, leave the natural color, which will look organic in the country, by drying it.

And the foundation, so that the building looks aesthetically pleasing and neat, is sewn up with an asbestos sheet.

Such a barn, if the site on which it is being built, has already been prepared, can be erected in just a couple of days. Built with your own hands and taking into account individual needs, it will turn out to be very comfortable and beautiful.

DIY barn photo

A change house, a barn, an economic unit is the first thing that any person needs when developing a site.

It is not surprising that with the beginning of the new construction season among the users of our portal, interest in topics dedicated to the construction of "sheds" with their own hands has increased throughout the space from Moscow to the outskirts. As practice shows, it is possible to make a good change house in the country, even without building experience, and the acquired knowledge can later be used in the construction of a large or other building.

The user admits that such a foundation is redundant for a change house. But, because there is a height difference and a slope on the site, the height of the rear pillars turned out to be 40 cm, while the front ones are almost flush with the ground.

To form square pillars above the ground, formwork was made from boards 15x1.5 cm. The boards were fastened to each other using self-tapping screws, 2 pcs each. to one edge. This is done to make it easier to remove the collapsible formwork from the pillars. In the future, the same finished formwork Pankrat1975 plans to use in the construction of change houses on his site.

The foundation was poured. For strength, a reinforcing cage welded from three "tens" rods 1.2 meters long was inserted into each drilled pit.

After the concrete had hardened over the entire area of the foundation, the formwork was removed from the pillars, and using a simple bubble and laser level, the level of the top of the pillars was checked. The discrepancy did not exceed 3 mm.

It's time for the next stage - to make a harness for a change house.

Pankrat1975

While the concrete was setting, I went to the local construction market, studied prices and bought boards.

A beam 150x150 mm 6 meters long went to the strapping, and a beam 100x50 went to the frame racks. The user recorded all expenses in detail, which helped to keep track of funds.

The strapping beam was sawn at the ends of the groove into the groove and secured to each other with the help of reinforced corners and self-tapping screws. For greater strength, holes were drilled at the joints of the timber for wooden chopsticks made from mop cuttings.

Pankrat1975

He connected the middle beams in the same way as the corner ones, groove to groove, fastening to the corners for self-tapping screws, crackers and choppers. I think we overdid it with the amount of fasteners. Brother joked that hozblok d must turn out not wooden, but metal.

The strapping jumpers were made from two pieces of timber, which also connected the groove into the groove and secured them with long self-tapping screws. To reinforce the node from above, having previously selected 2 mm of wood, a metal toothed plate (MZP) was nailed.

Under the timber, on each pillar, Pankrat1975 laid roofing material folded several times, smearing each layer with diluted mastic. To protect against decay, the timber, like all purchased boards, was “heartily” impregnated with an antiseptic composition.

After making the strapping, the floor was laid on it. A 100x50 mm board went for this.

Then it's time to assemble the frame. Assembly started from the back wall. So that after lifting the wall would not fall, it was temporarily fixed with slab cuts.

The walls were assembled on a "platform", attaching the racks to reinforced corners, screwed onto self-tapping screws.

To connect the frame elements, it is better not to use the so-called. "black", hardened self-tapping screws. Due to their fragility, it is worth slightly increasing the moment of twisting force on the screwdriver, and the cap flies off at the self-tapping screw.

Also, “black” (phosphated, oxidized) self-tapping screws cannot withstand shock loads and shear work. If you use self-tapping screws when assembling the frame, then yellow (galvanized).

The “correct” frame is assembled on nails, without the use of self-tapping screws and metal corners, because. fasteners in the frame work for displacement / shear (for which nails are suitable), and self-tapping screws work better for separation.

The cuttings of the boards went to the jibs.

If rigid board material is used for sheathing the frame - plywood or OSB sheets, then jibs are not required.

Having raised four walls, the brothers began to make the roof, for which they installed rafters. A 15x2.5 cm board went to the roof sheathing.

In the economy of any private household there is always gardening equipment and tools that need to be stored somewhere. A lawn mower or a garden sprayer with chemicals does not belong in a residential building. Where to put these necessary things so that they do not succumb to the influence of the environment and do not litter the territory of the yard? You can solve this problem by building a small frame shed with a pitched roof.

Advantages and disadvantages of wood frame construction

The construction of a frame outbuilding from wooden bars has several advantages:

In specialized hardware stores, you can purchase ready-made parts for assembling the frame structure of the barn.
It is not difficult to build such a structure yourself, since the assembly of parts takes place according to the principle of the designer. For this, it is not necessary to have special knowledge in construction. All elements and connections of the frame are adjusted in size, and the presence of instructions will make the construction process easier.
A frame wooden shed will last for many years if it is properly cared for, and all the rules were followed during its construction.
The construction of the structure will not take much time. Usually one week is enough to build the entire shed. This time includes: installation of the foundation, assembly of all frame elements, wall cladding, insertion of doors and windows, roofing.
Wooden parts of the structure can be easily processed further.
When building a barn with a shed roof, there is no need to install a truss system.
The frame structure of the barn is easy to disassemble and re-erect in another place. In this case, we are talking about light buildings, without a foundation.
The cost of purchasing materials for such a structure is much less than, for example, a brick one. Many are of the opinion that the wooden structure is short-lived and unreliable. However, if we take into account the service life of these parts and the money spent on materials, then this option is much more profitable.

The disadvantages of this design are as follows:

Wooden elements are flammable material.
Frame parts can be subject to rotting and damage by wood-boring insects. To prevent this from happening, all wood elements must be additionally treated with antiseptic pastes, organic solutions or oily antiseptics.
Wood, depending on its moisture content, tends to dry out, swell, warp and crack over time.

Preparing for construction: drawings of the future barn, dimensions

Before starting the construction of a frame barn, it is necessary to take into account some points of its construction:

The barn, no matter how neatly built, remains an outbuilding that does not really fit into the architecture of a residential building. Accordingly, this building is best erected in the backyard.
Entrance must be free. This will become especially convenient when it will be necessary to bring large items or furniture into it, in case of repairs in the house.
It is better to locate the barn on a hill (supports, piles, blocks). The distance between the base of the structure and the ground will prevent: from rotting of its wooden parts, the appearance of moisture in the room and damage to metal equipment by corrosion.
It is necessary to carefully design the barn so that in the future there is no need to make extensions to it. It will be convenient to divide it into two rooms: in one you can equip a workshop, and in the second - the barn itself or the chicken coop itself.

Two barn rooms will allow you to use them for different purposes

The land at the site of the future construction must be leveled.
It is necessary to determine what materials the walls and floors will be sheathed with. What will be the interior decoration and what kind of roofing to use.

The length, width and height of the future barn is selected individually, depending on the location. For such purposes, medium-sized buildings are most suitable (see image).

Frame shed option with typical parameters

Another version of the frame shed

Material selection and calculation

Qualitative planning of the procurement of all necessary materials will save you from unforeseen waste in the future.

When building a barn frame, the following materials are needed:

For the lower and upper strapping, you need: six bars 6 m long with a section of 100x100 mm and eight bars - 3 m each with a section of 100x100 mm.

When buying timber and boards, you should pay attention to the degree of their moisture content not exceeding 22%.

For flooring, boards with a section of 40x150 mm are required, in the amount of (minimum) 20 pieces. OSB sheets are used as a finishing floor.
For vertical supports, bars with a section of 100x100 mm are needed, in the amount of 12 pieces, each of which is 2.5 m long. Two of these bars will be used as a doorway.

Wooden surfaces must be free of knots, cracks, mold and woodworm damage.

There are two ways to tilt the roof: in the first case, from 4 to 6 bars 50 cm long with a section of 100x100 cm are needed, in the second case, the supports on which the slope will be should initially be of a shorter length.
For the crate, you will need a board with a section of 22x100 mm, in the amount of 16–18 pieces.
For the draft ceiling, you can use plywood, chipboard, fiberboard or OSB sheets.
Nails are needed to fasten the bars at the corners in the “paw” method, and metal corners and planks are needed “to the floor of the tree”.

Nails are selected along a length greater than the thickness of the board so that they pierce it and enter the next one. Such a connection will be much stronger.

When working, you will also need self-tapping screws, screws, L-shaped metal plates to fix the timber in the corners.
In the case of insulating the frame of the barn, you may need a heat-insulating layer (polystyrene, mineral wool or foam), waterproofing (foamed polyethylene foil), vapor barrier (bitumen), roofing felt, polyurethane foam.

Required Tools

To build a frame shed, you will need the following tools:

Shovel (for digging holes for a columnar foundation, it is better to use a screw shovel).
Yardstick.
Marking cord with coated thread.
Graphite marking pencil.
Construction level (it is more convenient to use from 50 to 200 cm).
Square and ruler.
Stationery knife (for cutting insulation).
Laser level (using this tool, a perfectly flat plane is determined).
Chisel.
Electric drill.
Circular saw (with its help it is convenient to cut boards of various lengths and sizes).
Cordless screwdriver (for attaching plywood, boards and OSB sheets to ceilings, walls and floors).
Electric planer (required when calibrating boards).
Screwdriver.
All-metal carpenter's hammer.
Sledgehammer (used when fitting boards).
Hand clamps (for clamping boards in different places).
Hacksaw for wood (for cutting grooves).
Construction stapler (for fastening waterproofing and vapor barrier with a wooden frame).
Carpenter's ax.
Construction slope.
Nails. For a frame shed, from 2 thousand to 4 thousand nails are needed. In this case, three types are used:

GOST 4028–63 Black and zinc construction nails. Zinc is used for outdoor work with wooden parts, and black for the installation of internal materials.
GOST 4029–63 Zinc nails for fixing roofing material and other sheet materials.
DIN 1152 Galvanized nails for fastening tongue-and-groove boards, front panels and finish surfaces.

Step-by-step instructions for building a frame shed with a pitched roof

When all the calculations have been made, the construction project is ready and the necessary materials have been purchased, you can proceed to the construction of a frame shed.

Foundation. Which one is better and how to do it

The basis for the frame is the foundation. For frame sheds and utility blocks, a tape, wooden or columnar foundation is most often used.

To protect the wooden frame of the barn from moisture, you can install a strip foundation. For this, a concrete base 40–50 cm high is made. It is important to know that this type of foundation is not suitable for sedimentary and peat soil. In these cases, screw piles are used.

For a strip foundation, it is necessary to dig a trench around the perimeter, 30–40 cm deep and 40 cm wide. The bottom of the trench is covered with sand and compacted. As a result, a sand cushion 10 cm thick should be obtained. A waterproofing layer must be laid on the sand cushion, which will prevent the absorption of liquid concrete into the sand.

After that, a wooden or metal formwork structure is made. It should rise above the ground and be equal to the height of the base. For the strength of the formwork structure, it is fixed with spacers and clamps, and its upper part can be strengthened with props. Reinforcement 10–12 mm thick is laid on the waterproofing layer, which is connected with wire.

Formwork panels fix the cement substance before hardening

When the reinforcement frame is ready, it is poured with M200-250 concrete.

Concrete pouring should be done immediately for the entire perimeter. In order to avoid cracks during concrete hardening, it is not recommended to pour it in rainy weather or extreme heat,

Concrete hardens for about two weeks and gains about 70% strength by this time.

Tape shallow foundation suitable for small buildings

When erecting a wooden foundation, larch logs are used, about 300 mm thick, which are processed at least 2–3 times with bitumen.

Holes are dug in the ground with a depth of 150 cm and a diameter of 30–40 cm. Sand 10 cm thick is poured into the bottom of the hole and rammed. Each log from its base is covered with a waterproofing layer of 140–145 cm. The resulting wooden pile is placed in the ground. The gaps between the waterproofing and the wall of the hole are covered with earth. To more thoroughly compact the soil around the pile, it is watered and rammed. For reliability, you can fill the hole with concrete.

The use of wooden piles can be an alternative solution for installing a foundation

Most often, a columnar foundation is used in the construction of a frame barn. To do this, you need to mark it on the ground using a cord. Along the perimeter of the marking and in each of its corners, holes should be dug 30-40 cm deep.

With a stretched cord, the marking will be more accurate.

It is better to dig a hole with a depth of 70 cm or more, as this is below the freezing point. Sand is poured at the bottom to make a layer of 10-15 cm, which must be tamped. For reliability, you can pour a layer of gravel 10 cm thick. After that, a brick is laid, fastened with cement mortar. For a barn, laying of two bricks per layer is used. If the structure is larger, the columnar foundation is made of three or more bricks.

The most commonly used type of foundation in the construction of a frame shed

Brickwork must be treated with a bituminous waterproofing layer.

To ensure a level surface, all posts must be checked for level.

The space between the brickwork and the ground must be covered with sand or poured with a cement-sand mixture. An alternative to a columnar foundation made of brickwork are hollow concrete blocks measuring 400x200x200. The voids in the blocks are filled with cement mortar.

Video: foundation installation

Structure frame

Now you can start creating the frame of the barn. It is necessary to put two layers of roofing material on each brick pillar - to protect the lower part of the wooden frame from moisture.

After that, proceed to the installation of the lower trim. This requires a beam with a section size of 100x100 mm. Beams and logs are assembled from a bar 50x100 mm. The distance between them should not exceed 60 cm.

Beams and logs are connected with nails in the way "to the floor of a tree"

Vertical racks made of 100x100 mm timber are fixed to L-shaped metal joints or ordinary nails that need to be hammered obliquely. The distance between the beams should be no more than 1.5 m. For the stability of the structure, the beams are temporarily reinforced diagonally with boards 40x100 mm.

Vertical and top beams are fixed with l-shaped joints

The construction of a frame barn is carried out not only with the help of wooden beams. Its manufacture from a metal profile pipe is widely used.

The ease of assembly of this design attracts builders

This version of the material for the frame of the building has several advantages:

The profile base is assembled without dirt and debris in the yard.
Installation and dismantling of such a building will not take much time.
If necessary, a shed made of a metal profile is easy to move.
For such a design, a foundation is optional. It is enough to pour gravel on a flat area.
Reinforcement reinforcing the frame will help to withstand the weight of snow and resist gusts of strong wind.
Thanks to a variety of colors, a shed made of profile pipes has an aesthetic appearance.
The design with a metal frame is very practical, as it does not require the treatment of its parts and elements with antiseptic agents. It is enough to paint it once.

If the building will be subjected to increased loading pressure in the future, then the frame is built from more durable pipes. In this case, pipes with a wall thickness of 8 mm and a cross section of 100x100 mm are used for the lower trim and racks. For additional spacers, a profile with a section of 60x60 mm is used.

Particular attention should be paid when laying profiled logs under the subfloor. The distance between them should not be more than 60 cm. The lags are fixed to the lower harness by welding.

After that, they proceed to the installation of an interfloor ceiling, which is a frame structure made of a profile, as well as beams. From below, the ceiling sheathing is attached to these elements.

The final stage in the construction of a structure from a profile pipe is the assembly of the truss system. This structural element can be either integral or a separate part of the entire structure. The main bearing part of the roof is a powerful channel to which the rest of the elements are attached.

After carrying out all welding work, proceed to finishing.

Construction of the floor and walls (knots and jibs)

When building a foundation, you first need to make a draft floor. To do this, wooden logs are covered with OSB boards or plywood sheets with a thickness of 12 to 15 mm. Then the entire surface is covered with a waterproofing layer, on which a finishing floor is installed. It is convenient to use tongue-and-groove boards as this flooring. They have recesses and ridges on the edges, which are ideal for butt assembly. They are usually made from softwood. The resin contained in this wood makes it waterproof. Laying the floor with grooved boards is similar to installing laminate.

A tight connection of the boards is ensured by the protrusions and cutouts along the edges.

After that, you can proceed to the installation of the walls of the barn. In order for its structure to be strong and stand for a long time in the future, temporary and permanent jibs are cut into the frame.

Strengthening the racks with permanent and temporary jibs will provide additional strength in places of increased weight load

The jibs are used without fail if the walls are not sheathed with plywood or OSB-3. The use of slab sheathing is five times stronger than jibs (if OSB or 12 mm plywood is used). As a jib, a board with a section of 25x100 mm or 50x100 mm is used when a more stable structure is required. The length of such a board should be 30 ° higher than the height of the wall. Temporary jibs are used until the upper joists are installed. They help to fix the given position of walls and vertical beams.

Before starting their installation, the corners of the structure are aligned. In this case, it is convenient to use a bubble or laser level. The installation step of temporary jibs is from 1.2 to 1.5 m. They will also help to correct structural defects if you use them as a lever.

When erecting the frame structure of the barn, it is important to provide for the correct fixing of the jibs and joints:

The jib angle should be 45° (this is the ideal angle for maximum structural rigidity). In those places of construction where it is difficult to withstand it, for example, windows and doors, 60 ° is allowed.
The use of hollow jibs is permissible only in small structures (sheds, outbuildings).
They should fit snugly (without cracks and gaps) to the surfaces of the uprights and the top floor.
For jibs, it is necessary to make grooves in vertical posts, upper and lower trim. The depth of the groove is made depending on the thickness of the jib. In a metal structure, they should go deep into the profile of the racks.
The joints of the beams at the corners of the frame are laid in the way "in the floor of the tree" or "in the paw". In the first case, 50x50 mm cuts are made on both sides of the log to half its thickness. In the second case, similar cuts are made, but with a bevel. If necessary, the junction of two bars is processed with a chisel.

Such connections are fixed with nails and l-shaped connections.

Floor insulation

You can insulate the floors of a frame shed with the following materials:

Mineral wool.

This method is very popular due to the ease of installation and relatively low price. Mineral wool is usually sold in packs of several slabs of 1000x600x50 mm or 1200x600x50 mm or in rolls. A waterproofing layer (glassine, roofing material or ordinary polyethylene film) is laid on the floors of the barn, on which a wooden crate of boards with a section of 10x120 mm and a step width of 60 cm is placed. Mineral wool slabs are placed in the resulting compartments. Before laying the wool, all wooden elements of the crate must be treated with antiseptic agents to prevent decay. For additional floor insulation, a double layer of such plates is used. During installation, the insulation must be below the level of the crate. Mineral wool must not be compacted, as it will lose its thermal insulation property. To prevent the cotton wool from getting wet, a layer of polyethylene is laid on top, fixed to the staples with a stapler. Then the entire surface is covered with tongue-and-groove boards, OSB sheets or plywood.

Styrofoam.

Floor insulation with this material is carried out along the logs. As in the case of mineral wool, a wooden crate is needed, under which a waterproofing layer is laid. The step width between the boards is about 60 cm. The thickness of the foam plates should be at least 10 cm. This material is very convenient, since it does not deform. Styrofoam is not afraid of fungus and mold. Styrofoam boards must be laid tightly. If gaps remain, they can be filled with mounting foam. After it dries, sheets of plywood or tongue-and-groove boards are laid on top.

Expanded clay.

To insulate the floor of the shed with expanded clay, it is necessary to cover the lower formwork with waterproofing material, on top of which OSB boards are laid. Then a wooden crate of boards with a section of 10x150 mm is installed on this surface. Expanded clay is poured into each section of this structure. Its layer should not be less than 10–15 cm, since a smaller thickness will not give the desired warming effect. Expanded clay should be leveled so that it does not rise above the lathing bars. Then a vapor barrier layer is laid on top of: a diffuse membrane, a water-based bitumen-polymer cold emulsion, a polyethylene or polypropylene film. After that, OSB sheets are attached with self-tapping screws to the logs. A clean floor is laid on top.

Materials for floor insulation in a frame shed

This is an environmentally friendly material, the production of which does not use chemical additives This material is easy to give the desired shape Inexpensive and reliable way to insulate the floor

Wall insulation

To insulate the walls of a frame shed, mineral wool and extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex) are most often used.

Wall insulation with mineral wool.

Wall decoration with mineral wool is not much different from a similar method of floor insulation, but has its own nuances. From the inside of the barn, it is covered with a vapor barrier material (foiled polyethylene), on top of which plywood or OSB sheets are fixed. Outside, on mineral wool, perpendicular to the base, wooden sheathing from boards with a section of 20x40 mm can be installed. These boards serve as a ventilation gap to which the exterior trim is attached. Sometimes a layer of OSB sheets is installed in front of the waterproofing layer (exterior finish).

Penoplex.

To insulate the walls with this material, it is necessary to select plates with a thickness of at least 6 cm. As in the previous methods, a wooden crate is needed with a step of 60 cm, under which a waterproofing layer is placed. It is more convenient to fix penoplex plates on polyurethane glue (it is well compatible with polystyrene foam) or on metal anchors with plastic dowels. The joints of the plates are additionally fixed to the mounting foam or metal tape. The wall outside can be insulated with an additional layer of foam, on which an external finishing material is installed.

When the walls are fixed with anchors or dried glue, a vapor barrier material is placed on top. In this method of insulation, foamed foil polyethylene 3 mm thick is used. As a substitute, you can use a polyethylene foil film. A finishing layer is fixed on top.

Materials for insulating the walls of a frame shed

The light weight of cotton wool is convenient for installation. This material has a denser structure than foam

Video: all stages of construction

A frame shed on the territory of your household will always be convenient for storing inventory and old things. By equipping its premises as a workshop, you can do carpentry and repair work, while your yard will remain clean. Insulated walls, floors and roof will become comfortable conditions for keeping pets and birds in the cold season.