Stone fence. Do-it-yourself stone pillars for a fence: photo and step-by-step video Sandstone stone fence

Stone fence looks more impressive and solid than other types of fences. Structures made from natural materials are characterized by high strength and reliability.

However, natural stone fences are much less common than, for example, wooden or metal fences for summer cottages with brick pillars. This is due to the fact that natural materials and work on the construction of exclusive structures are more expensive.

Another important factor is high time costs. Even a team of professionals will need a lot of time to build a fence.

The process can be accelerated by making a fence of stone panels and blocks. The resulting structure imitates natural materials. But the design will seem natural only from afar. Nearby, stone panels and blocks for fence posts will immediately give out "hack-work".

In this article we will consider the features of the construction of fences made of natural stone. You will learn what materials are used for the manufacture of supports and sections and how professionals work. If you wish, you can build such a fence yourself.

Varieties of stone fences. Popular Combinations

There are various options for stone fences. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Fences made only of stone are rare.

Photo #1: stone fence

The construction of such fences requires a lot of time and money. Combinations of stone pillars and wood or metal sections are more popular. Such structures are cheaper and built much faster.

Wooden fence with stone pillars

A wooden fence with stone pillars is the beauty and environmental friendliness of natural materials. With proper care, the sections will last a long time. Wood will require periodic treatment with protective compounds and paints and varnishes.

Photo #2: wooden fence with stone pillars

Metal fences with stone pillars

Metal fences with stone pillars are reliability and durability. The buildings look spectacular and perfectly protect the territory. Structures serve for decades without the need for maintenance and repair.

Most often, sections are installed from eurostudent, corrugated board and forged elements. There are some very interesting combinations.

Photo #3: metal fence with stone pillars

Fence stone posts. Material selection

Stone fence posts are made from various varieties of this natural material.

• Granite. Durable and expensive stone. It is difficult to process and is used mainly for decoration. Granite will effectively complement a metal or wooden fence with brick pillars.

Photo No. 4: fence with granite trim

• Cobblestone. The most popular material. Advantages - prevalence and low cost. Most often, gray and red-brown cobblestones are used in the construction of fences. Reliable and beautiful designs turn out.

Photo #5: Gray Cobblestone Fence

• Gravel and pebbles. Due to the fine fraction, these materials are used mainly for decoration. Large stones can be filled into the net. The result is an inexpensive and interesting fence.

Photo No. 6: fence made of stones and mesh

• Dolomite. The material is flat stones of yellowish, white, gray or brown color. Dolomite is used both for the construction of pillars and sections, and for decoration.

Photo No. 7: dolomite fence

These varieties are the most popular. In addition to them, when erecting fences and finishing pillars and sections, limestone, sandstone, rubble stone and artificial analogues of natural materials are used.

How to make a stone fence

The construction of a stone fence is a complex and lengthy work that requires knowledge and experience. Even a team of several people will need a huge amount of time to erect a fence. However, if you still want to do the installation yourself, read the instructions below.

The construction process is divided into several stages.

1. Territory marking

This stage involves pulling the rope around the perimeter of the fence. Mark the places of installation of the pillars.

2. Foundation construction

You will find detailed information about the construction of a monolithic strip foundation on our website.

The most suitable base width is 30 cm. In places where there will be poles, install metal profile pipes.

3. Preparatory work

While the foundation hardens, sort the purchased stones by greatness. This will speed up the construction process of the fence.

4. Laying stone fences (pillars)

The laying of stone fences involves the use of floating formwork. To speed up the construction process, all pillars are erected simultaneously.

Make the required number of collapsible formwork from boards and self-tapping screws (for each pillar - 2 pcs.). Internal dimensions - 30 * 30 (according to the width of the foundation).

After the frames are ready, follow the instructions below.

1. Install formwork.
2. Lay the first layer of stones. They should fit as closely as possible to each other and to the formwork.

Photo No. 8: laying the first row of stones

1. Pour a thick solution so that it fills all the voids.

Repeat steps 1-3 for all fence posts. After that, fix the second formwork on each support with self-tapping screws and lay the next rows of stones in the same way.

Photo number 9: laying the second row

After a day, the lower parts of the formwork can be removed and the construction of the next layers can begin.

Note.

1. In places where the butt is attached to the logs, it is necessary to release metal corners. They need to be welded to the pipes.
2. Immediately after removing the formwork, fill the voids found with mortar. Expand the dried seams with a drill with a metal brush.

Photo No. 9: support at the stage of erection of the 8th row

After all the pillars are formed, take care of their protection from precipitation. The ideal option is metal or plastic caps.

According to rough estimates (if all the pillars are erected at the same time), the installation of such supports for a stone fence will take 19-20 days.

Stone fence with their own hands. Span installation.

Do-it-yourself stone fence is erected in different ways. There are three flight options:

1. sections without plinths;
2. stone plinths + sections made of wood, corrugated board or other materials;
3. masonry.

The last two options involve the use of formwork, the height of which is 1/3 of the future height of the plinths or spans.

Stones are laid in layers. Each row should dry for at least a day.

During the filling process, the formwork remains in place. It is transferred higher only a day after laying the top layer.

A stone fence is the embodiment of reliability, because this material withstands loads well and lasts for decades. But since the deaf enclosing structures made of it look rough, massive, most consumers prefer combined fences. In this case, stone pillars are built, and the spans are filled with other material (profiled flooring, picket fence, forging).

By origin, the material for the construction of supports can be natural or artificial. For the construction of pillars made of natural stone, it is used:

• cobblestone - a rounded material of red-brown color, which is broken in half to obtain a flat surface;
• dolomite - a grayish-white or yellow-brown mineral with strength, durability, resistance to temperature extremes, external attractiveness;
• Limestone is a sedimentary material that lends itself well to processing, but is able to absorb moisture. To eliminate this drawback, it is covered with a special water repellent. There are several types of limestone (marble, bryozoan, shell), differing in color, structure;
• pebbles - small smooth sea stones of a rounded shape. They are used in the construction of the foundation, to fill the cavity of the column, but are not used to form the support itself due to its size;
• sandstone is a durable, water- and cold-resistant sedimentary rock. It can be chipped, hewn, polished, which allows you to experiment with the appearance of the fence;
• but - a rock derived from sandstone, dolomite, limestone, represented by coarse irregular boulders with a diameter of 15-50 cm. Rubble stone pillars are erected by analogy with brick ones, but due to the unevenness of the raw materials, they require dressing every 30 cm;
• Granite is a hard mineral of volcanic origin with high strength and aesthetic properties. Supplied in slabs.

Note: natural raw materials for the construction of fence supports can be both expensive and cheap. Some of its varieties (such as cobblestone, pebbles) can be found in nature on their own, but for granite you will have to pay a considerable amount.

Often, for the construction of racks, artificial raw materials are used that imitate natural ones. So in specialized stores you can find tiles under the wild stone, slate, granite, pebbles, sandstone.

Masonry Options

Raw materials of natural origin do not have the same size and shape, so it is impossible to work with them according to a template. Depending on the type of material, fence posts made of natural stone can be made in the following way:

• wild - minerals are laid in random order, joining them as closely as possible, so that the pattern is harmonious;
• hewn - the rock is hewn, giving each of its elements the shape of a brick. This allows you to get an almost flat surface of the supports, to facilitate their installation;
• horizontal - laying of pillars is carried out in horizontal rows. Flat rocks of a layered type are ideal for this;
• vertical - the installation of stones is carried out similarly to the previous method, only they are laid perpendicular to the ground;
• rubble - the shape of the rack is set by the formwork, which is filled tightly with stone, followed by pouring with cement;
• facing - the base of the support is made of brick or concrete, and then it is lined with flat rock of the same thickness.

Features of the construction of stone supports

Insofar asfence with stone pillarshas a fairly large weight, it is necessary to lay a foundation under it. The most suitable would be a reinforced tape base with a depth of 0.8-1.2 m. The optimal span width is 2-2.5 m. At the installation sites of the supports, so-called concrete glasses are equipped with metal pipes inside and a vertical reinforcing cage brought out (for greater strength of the structure, adhesion of its elements).

Masonry using formwork

The use of sliding formwork makes it possible to quickly and conveniently erect natural stone pillars. It consists of a box knocked down from boards, the internal dimensions of which correspond to the desired dimensions of the column.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make pillars using formwork:

1. The formwork is stopped so that the steel rod coming out of the foundation is located in its center.
2. Corners are welded to the pipe, to which the gate will subsequently be attached, as well as horizontal logs of the fence.
3. The first row of stones is tightly laid in the formwork box, placing them with minimal gaps.
4. The first row is poured with concrete so that it fills all the cracks.
5. Subsequent layers are formed in a similar way until the box is completely filled.
6. When the concrete hardens, the formwork is removed and the column continues to be raised in height, moving the formwork to the desired level.

Attention: when laying in this way, it is necessary to monitor the evenness of the supports and immediately wipe the seams, remove dirt, since after the solution has dried it will be impossible to do this.

Features of the construction of supports without formwork

How to lay stone pillars without using formwork? To do this, it is necessary to overlay the metal base of the rack with rock, mounting it on a thick cement mortar. At the same time, fasteners for horizontal fence lintels are provided in the rod, which are brought out at the level of the third row and in the middle.

The voids formed inside the rack are filled with concrete with the addition of fine crushed stone. For lining the lower part of the support, larger minerals are used, and the upper - small ones.

Please note: no more than 2 rows can be formed at a time, otherwise the masonry may be deformed under the weight of the rock. When the solution sets, proceed to laying out the next rows. The seams are rubbed immediately using a wet cloth.

After jointing the seams, caps are installed on the poles, preventing precipitation from entering the pole and its destruction.

Stone cladding of supports

If thin flat minerals, artificial tiles are used as raw materials, then they are laid similarly to tiles on pre-constructed brick or concrete pillars.

Facing pillars with stone of natural or artificial origin begins with surface preparation. Concrete or brick supports are cleaned of dust, dirt, primed. A reinforcing mesh is fixed on them and plastering is carried out. This will level the surface of the racks, additionally protect them from negative environmental influences.

How to overlay a pole with a decorative stone? To do this, a small amount of mortar is applied to the tile, and then glued to the plane of the rack, pressing lightly. Finishing starts from the bottom of the support and is performed while maintaining gaps between the elements of 1-2 cm. If necessary, the tiles are cut to the desired size.

Upon completion of the work, the seams are rubbed, the surface of the supports is cleaned of dirt, glue smudges, and covered with a protective compound. Lastly, the covers are mounted on the fence posts.

A heavy-duty, reliable, respectable fence will not only protect the site, but also emphasize the special status of its owners. A large role in its arrangement is played by self-built stone fence posts, built by hand. If you show patience, apply imagination, you can build high-quality supports that will hold the entire building envelope and decorate the territory.

The fence can be built from a variety of materials, but it is the stone fence that is considered the most reliable. In addition, this design looks very beautiful and original. Most often, natural raw materials are used for construction, but recently artificial varieties of materials have become very popular. It is possible to build a fence with your own hands.

Ennoble your yard with a stone fence

basic information

Stone is a very popular type of raw material for building fences. This material has many advantages:

1. Reliability. It is impossible to break such a fence without professional equipment or special tools. The house will be well protected.
2. Long service life. Stone fencing is very durable. It easily tolerates adverse weather conditions: cold, heat, wind and rain.
3. Presentability. This fence looks very solid and beautiful.
4. Compatibility with other elements. Often, when building a stone fence, metal or wooden fragments are used, as well as additional forged decorations.
5. Fire resistance. Fences made of this material serve as a good barrier against the intrusion of fire from the outside.
6. Ecological purity. Natural stone is a natural material that does not have any negative impact on human health.
7. Freedom to choose the size. From stone, you can build just such a fence as the owner wishes. There are no prohibitions and critical parameters.

In this video, we'll look at how to make a stone fence:

However, everything has its downsides. The following shortcomings of the material are distinguished:

1. High price. Stone is an expensive raw material. If the installation will be done by workers, this will also cost a considerable amount. You can save money if you build a stone fence with your own hands.
2. The need to comply with the conditions. This material is quite picky. The stone has a large mass, so the base must be very strong and reliable. For the construction of a building, areas with nearby groundwater and places with soil vibrations are not suitable.
3. Labor intensity. In order to build such a fence, you need to spend a lot of time and effort.

Varieties of materials

Before you make a stone fence with your own hands, you need to choose the material for the future fence. The following types of raw materials are suitable for construction:

1. Coarse gravel or pebbles. Inexpensive fence stone, however, the construction process will be laborious due to its small size.
2. Sandstone. Perfectly tolerates any temperature. This material has good moisture resistance.
3. Cobblestones and boulders. Very affordable and cheap materials. Cobblestones can even be found in nature and crushed into suitable pieces.
4. Limestone. Easily processed. A significant disadvantage is the lack of moisture tolerance. In order for limestone to serve reliably and for a long time, it is treated with a special composition - an insulator.
5. Dolomite. Such samples are mined in the mountains, so they are not too cheap. At the same time, dolomite is a very popular material, famous for its durability and attractive appearance.
6. Fake diamond. Effectively competes with natural samples. You can easily choose the material of the desired color and suitable structure. Therefore, a fence made of such specimens is no less popular than a fence made of natural stone.
7. Booth. The material is parts from large stones and looks very interesting.
8. River stone. This material is quite popular because it looks very original and has a miniature size. From it you can make small neat fences.

Required Tools

Before proceeding directly to construction, you need to purchase material or get wild stone and acquire tools for work. You will need:

• container for mixing mortar or concrete mixer;
• sand and gravel for the preparation of the mixture;
• cement (marking 300);
• shovel;
• Master OK;
• fittings;
• nails and boards;
• welding machine (if a high fence is planned);
• pipe with a diameter of 50-80 mm;
• roulette;
• twine and stakes.

Construction process

Before you start laying a stone fence, you need to think about personal safety. Work should be done in protective boots and thick gloves. If you need to split a stone, you should wear special glasses. Antibacterial agents and bandages can be prepared in advance.

A stone fence will serve you for many years.

Building a foundation

First you need to dig a trench. Its size should be equal to the length and width of the future stone fence. This may require a shovel, and in some cases even a crowbar. The depth of the trench is selected individually, but it is pointless to make it more than 700 mm. The earth from the excavated recess does not need to be thrown away, it is useful for filling the edges of the finished foundation.

Next, you need to put together boards for the desired design. The rods are welded in the same form and placed in a trench. All over the size you need to drive stakes. From above, after 1.5-2 meters, cross beams should be nailed. This action is necessary so that the boards do not diverge when pouring.

Concrete is poured into the finished structure. To prepare the solution, you need to follow this ratio: 1 part of cement will require 2 parts of sand and 4 parts of crushed stone. The components are placed in a concrete mixer and mixed.

After the composition has already been prepared, you can pour it into a container and spread it around the perimeter of the fence with buckets. But you can make it much easier and pour the mixture into the formwork using a gutter. With each batch, you need to move the concrete mixer.

You also need to mark the points for the pillars. In each, a pipe should be welded to the fittings. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the height must be done "in reserve".

After all work with concrete is completed, the finished structure should be left to dry for 15-20 days. In order for the hardening to take place qualitatively and evenly, you need to place a film (insulator) on top of the formwork. If this is not done, the top will dry out too quickly and the foundation will be less effective.

Often beginner builders make the same mistake at this stage of construction. You can not pour the foundation flush with the ground. Melted snow and rain will accumulate along the fence and erode the soil. Mold may form. The foundation should be made slightly above the ground level, after which the edges should be sprinkled with a small layer of decorative rubble (earth) or concrete should be decorated.

erection of pillars

Construction begins with determining the distance between the pillars. If it differs, you can gently stretch or pull the pipes with a rope. The pillars need to be made a little more spans so that the wall is externally divided into separate sections.

The formwork is made in the form of a square with the desired width of the column. Its height should not be more than 40-50 cm. When everything is ready, you should lay out a layer of stones parallel to the plane of the boards. Then the cavity must be filled with a thick composition. The solution directly for the fence is made according to the following recipe: 1 part of cement and 1.7 parts of sand and gravel. It is important to check that all the holes between the stones are filled with the mixture, but the composition itself should not flow down the column.

This procedure must be performed with each pillar and let the structure harden, leaving it for a day or two. With formwork, it is possible to greatly simplify the work. In order not to collect a new square each time, you can simply hammer in another one to the bottom row. When the height reaches the desired level, it is necessary to take up the laying of the walls.

Fence wall masonry

The wall can be built using different technologies. Many experts pull the twine. It serves as a guideline for the deviation and height of the fence. First, one layer of stones is laid around the entire perimeter of the fence, and all the cracks are filled with the composition. A day later, a second layer is made, etc. This is quite convenient, but it is possible to lay a curved wall, so it is best to use formwork.

If large rounded stones are laid out, the use of formwork will not give the desired result. In this case, it is necessary to impose elements on the "eye".

The formwork should be similar to the pillars, but you can not impose stones as much as possible to the boards. Small irregularities are acceptable - they give the fence a natural look. After the first layer is laid out, the stones must be covered with the composition and left to dry for 1-2 days.

Do not make excessively high formwork, this will lead to the formation of voids. The design will not be durable and of high quality. Seams should be hammered with a trowel.

In order for the height of the spans to be identical, closer to the end of the work they should be measured with a tape measure. If there is any inaccuracy, you need to vary the volume of the stones. After completing the procedure for laying and dismantling the formwork, it is worth doing the jointing so that the composition does not harden more than necessary.

Fence jointing

After the filling has been done, you need to take a break for about 5 hours, and then start grouting. With a hard brush, remove all residues of the composition. Then you need a scraper - a tool that looks like a rectangle and has a protrusion equal to the required seam width.

To make the fence look natural and voluminous, it is better to perform deep seams. If the effect of a whole space is required, then the recesses should be made no more than 2 cm. The stitching is done simply, the most important thing is precise recesses. Professionals advise treating stones and seams with a solution of hydrochloric acid (maximum 30%) after jointing.

Final details

The stone wall is ready. However, the result still looks incomplete. It's all about the little details that should decorate the fence. To make the wall look attractive and well-groomed, you should follow just two steps:

1. A cap must be installed on each pole. They can be purchased at the store or made to order from a blacksmith.
2. The seams can be treated with a waterproof coating, then the fence will be visually divided into spans.

Building a fence is not easy, but it is absolutely possible. Even a person who has not previously been engaged in manual labor can do such work.

With a lack of finances, you can find the stones yourself, and lay the foundation together with your comrades. The most important thing is not to rush. Then the new fence will please the eye for many years.

Even today you can see elements of fences built by our ancestors centuries ago. Initially, the essence of the construction of fences was only to protect their territory from outside encroachments. But a person is characterized by a sense of beauty, as well as anxiety about how others perceive him - he needs more beautiful, more useful and more durable. And which of the natural materials is best suited for the construction of such a fence? Right! A natural stone.

How to arrange a stone fence on the site

Installing a fence on your land is an old tradition. Originally intended for protection, at present it has also become an element of decor and an indicator of the status of the owner.

One of the popular materials for the fence device is building stone of natural or artificial origin. The reason is its strength and durability, allowing stone structures to serve many generations of people. The widest choice and the natural beauty of the material make it possible to fit such a fence into the exterior of any site.

Advantages and disadvantages of stone fences

Speaking about the positive qualities and disadvantages of stone fences, we will make a reservation that qualified manufacturing of such buildings is implied. The advantages should include:

1. Durability of fences. They can serve for many decades and even centuries.
2. Environmental friendliness. Natural materials do not harm the environment.
3. The ability to harmoniously fit a stone fence into the surrounding landscape.
4. Resistant to the effects of any climatic phenomena.
5. A variety of types of stone and ample opportunities when choosing laying methods.
6. Excellent compatibility with other materials such as wood, metal, corrugated sheet and more.

A fence made of such material can be inexpensive, especially when building with your own hands, but it can also emphasize the elitism of the site when using beautiful expensive stones.

With many positive qualities, stone fences have a significant drawback - high labor intensity of manufacture. Being a heavy structure, such a fence requires a powerful foundation.

Types of stones for the fence

Building stone for the fence can be purchased at hardware stores or markets. If possible, you can prepare it yourself. For masonry, the following types of stone are usually used:

1. Boulders or cobblestones. They are inexpensive and widely distributed in nature. The stone is durable, resistant to the effects of the natural environment. Easily processed by chipping, which allows for masonry fitting in place. The most common gray or brown-reddish color.
2. Granite. Strong and durable material, processing is difficult. In appearance, it sometimes resembles marble.
3. Dolomite. A stone of a beautiful texture, usually flat in shape. It has high strength characteristics, but is easy to process. It comes in different colors, in nature it is white or gray.

   Fences made of dolomite (flagstone) are technologically advanced, beautiful and durable

4. Limestone, also called shell rock. The material is light in weight and very porous. It has a pleasant appearance, which is used for finishing work. It has low thermal conductivity, therefore it is used for the construction of buildings. The mineral is easy to process, while showing enviable durability in mid-latitude climates. At high humidity, the surface of this material must be additionally treated with water-repellent compounds.
5. Sandstone. Very beautiful natural stone of various colors. It is close to granite in strength.
6. Pebble. It has a very beautiful appearance, in construction it is used as an auxiliary material for filling voids in the process of building stone fences.
7. Booth. This term defines shapeless stones of various types.

Fences made of artificial building stone are also popular. Usually these are concrete-based materials with the addition of various dyes. With performance characteristics similar to natural stone, fences made of such material are erected with much lower labor costs.

Preparing to build a fence

To prepare for the construction of the fence, you need to calculate the need for materials and the cost of them in order to assess your financial capabilities. For this you need:

1. Calculate the area that the fence itself will occupy. This will allow you to correctly determine the amount of concrete and reinforcement to create the base plate. Its width depends on the bearing capacity of the soil under the foundation. This is a strictly individual indicator for each site. It is determined by specialists based on the results of exploratory drilling at the construction site and laboratory analysis of samples. Such a service can cost 6-9 thousand rubles, but these costs can be offset by saving materials.
2. Determine the height of the foundation. The indicator depends on the presence and magnitude of the slope. The normal protrusion of the concrete foundation above the surface is 15–20 centimeters. Given the slope, it can be higher.
3. Calculate the width of the base for the fence. It depends on the caliber of the stones used for the construction. From practice it has been established that it should be at least two maximum sizes. A normal indicator is considered to be a fence thickness of 60–80 centimeters.
4. Based on the above indicators, calculate the volume of concrete that will be needed to build the foundation of the fence.

This is the first stage of the calculation, the results of which may have to be corrected.

1. Determine the main material for the fencing device. This means that the choice consists in assigning the desired type of material to a certain fraction. Thus, the thickness of the span of the fence is determined.
2. Using the height of the span, assigned by the builder, it is possible to calculate the amount of material required for one section.
3. Based on the data on the specific gravity of the material, the mass of material for the span of the fence is calculated.
4. Knowing the weight of the material and the mass of the foundation, which was determined earlier, it is possible to calculate the specific load on the soil of the foundation and the upper structure of the fence. If it exceeds the permissible loads, consider using another material or a combined fence design with partial use of substitutes.

An example of calculating materials for a fence

First of all, we define the object of calculation. It is most convenient to calculate the need for one span, consisting of a column and a jumper between individual sections.

The dimensions of the pillar are determined by the quality of the soil and the depth of soil freezing in the construction region. The sole of the post must in any case be below this point. To install it, you need to dig or drill a hole of the required depth plus 35-40 centimeters. This "plus" is needed for drainage of gravel and sand with a layer of up to 30 centimeters, which must be carefully tamped and spilled with water to compact.

Drilling a hole for the base of the pillar can be done with an ordinary garden drill. After the drainage device, the metal base of the column is vertically installed on the bottom, for which you can use:

• metal beam or channel from No. 12;
• round galvanized pipe with a diameter of 100–120 mm;
• square pipe 60x60 or 100x100 millimeters;
• corner 150x150 millimeters;
• square or round frame of reinforcement or mesh.

The base of the column is lowered into the pit and it is concreted with a mortar of brand 200 to the level of the base of the foundation. Next, you need to install the formwork and in one go fill the rest of the foundation with preliminary reinforcement.

Photo gallery: phased construction of the foundation for a stone fence

Rods give the pillars strength for many years Formwork installation is carried out carefully and strictly according to the rules to ensure the strength of the foundation Proper pouring and exposure of the foundation gives it high durability. Support base for stone fence

The calculation of the number of sections for a fence 36 meters long (approximately 10 acres with a square plot) is as follows:

1. We take into account the length of the gate and wicket space. For gates, the distance between the axes of the supporting pillars is 3.6–4.2 meters, for the gate 1.8–2.2 meters. The total length of the unfenced area will be (on average) 3.9 + 2.0 = 5.9 meters.
2. The length of the fence when fencing the rest of the space will be 36.0 - 5.9 = 30.1 meters.
3. The distance between the axes of the fence posts should be 2.5–3.0 meters, we calculate the number of sections: 30.1: 2.75 = 10.95, we accept 11 pieces.
4. Further, the volume of each component section is multiplied by their number and we get the need for each material separately.

Tools

When erecting a fence, a number of different operations are performed in turn, each of which requires a specific set of different tools. The main tools are listed in the table.

Table: basic tools for pouring the foundation

Stage of work	Contents of operation	Tools	Notes
1. Site clearing	Removal of vegetation and soil layer	Shovels bayonet and shovel
2. Marking the foundation	Taking measurements and tightening the cords along the contour of the support base	Construction cord, wooden pegs, axe, hammer
3. Digging a trench	Excavation	Shovels bayonet and shovel
4. Tampering the bottom of the trench with a vibrating plate	Compaction of the soil base along the bottom of the trench	vibrating plate	Rent possible
5. Drainage device along the bottom of the trench	Backfilling a layer of gravel 30 centimeters thick and sand 15 centimeters, tamping by hand, watering	Shovels bayonet and shovel, garden wheelbarrow, rammer, garden hose
6. Formwork installation	Installing a foundation fence made of wood and face slabs: sawing beams and boards, sharpening stakes and dowels, assembling the frame with nails, installing face slabs and spacers with screws	Hacksaw, axe, hammer, screwdriver
7. Fitting installation	Cutting bars of required length. Laying bars in a trench, knitting reinforcing mesh	Bulgarian, side cutters, pliers
8. Preparation of concrete solution	Dosing of components, mixing and mixing solution	Shovel shovel, concrete mixer, bucket	concrete mixer rental available
9. Pouring the foundation	Supply of mortar into the trench, tamper	Shovel shovel, manual rammer, vibrator	it is possible to rent a vibrator
10. Control of horizontal foundation	Checking the fill with an instrumental method	Building laser level
11. Formwork dismantling	Dismantling the foundation fence	Crowbar, crowbar with nail puller, hammer

Stone fence device step by step

One of the reasons for not using natural building stone is the difficulty of masonry. But if you understand and understand the principle, there is nothing particularly complicated in it.

Methods of laying from natural stones

There are several ways of laying natural stone.

Masonry "wild"

The wall is formed from stones of indefinite shape and different sizes. The stone is laid on the base, the next one is carefully selected according to the maximum adjoining to the previous one. The flat edge is oriented to the front side of the fence. Stones are fastened with masonry mortar. One span is filled between the pillars, while the work must be stopped when the first signs of the mortar hardening appear. Next, you need to cut the seams. To do this, use a durable plastic bag filled with a solution. The solution is fed to the seam through the cut corner and distributed over the unfilled places, then the seams are cut. A large stone is placed along the front and rear plane of the masonry, the middle is clogged with debris and gravel, poured with mortar, and rammed. The best materials for such masonry are shale, rubble, dolomite and sandstone.

Plank masonry

The principle is the same, but the stones before laying are subjected to squaring to give a shape close to rectangular.

Laying flat horizontal

It is carried out with oblong stones of layered minerals of natural origin, which are placed horizontally when laid.

Laying flat vertical

The same materials are used, only they are oriented in the vertical direction.

rubble masonry

For it, rounded stones of approximately the same size are used. Masonry is made using formwork. The gaps between the stones are filled with gravel of medium fraction and filled with masonry mortar. As the space fills up, the formwork builds up and work continues.

For laying walls made of natural stone, experience and certain skills are needed. However, starting from a non-responsible site, any home master is able to quickly understand the principle of action and do the work on their own with high quality. However, it must be remembered that this work will require a considerable investment of time and effort.

Finishing work

Above, we have already considered the procedure for performing preparatory work during the construction of the fence. Speaking of the final phases, you need to cut the seams. To do this, you need a tool:

• metal brush;
• scraper;
• seam trowel;
• sponge.

How the seams are filled with a solution bag, we have already discussed above. Stitching is done 3-4 hours after filling. Otherwise, the mass will begin to harden and the formation of joints will be problematic.

First, the surface of the stones must be cleaned with a brush from traces of the solution. After that, you need to form the seams using a trowel or scraper.

To give the fence a final look, it must be washed. Hard-to-remove traces of masonry mortar can be removed using a solution of hydrochloric acid at a concentration of about 30% and a sponge. The operation must be performed with rubber gloves. Otherwise, chemical burns cannot be avoided.

The final operation in the construction of the fence is the installation of caps on the poles and the top on the spans of the fence. This will prevent water from getting inside the masonry. Otherwise, when it freezes, the entire structure may be destroyed.

1. Starting construction on a suburban area, you need to consider the harmony of the composition. The color scheme of the roof of the house should be in harmony with the tone of the fence. In this case, the exterior will look like a single whole.
2. At the end of the installation of the fence, it is desirable to cover it with a special varnish. It will highlight all the natural beauty of the stone. This operation is mandatory in case of high porosity of the material.
3. If the site has a slope, it is necessary to provide for the installation of drainage holes at the foundation stage at the lower points. This will prevent the accumulation of water in the area.
4. The remains of stone from the construction of the fence can be used to pave sidewalks on the site.

Video: natural stone fence device

Each owner who dreams of making not only the house, but also all the buildings on the site truly exclusive, thinks about how to fence his site with a fence. A stone fence is an ideal option to give completeness to the appearance of a building. Yes, and costs can be greatly reduced if you build this structure with your own hands.

The advantages of a stone fence are difficult to dispute - aesthetics, durability, strength - these are far from all the positive qualities. The construction of a fence made of cobblestones can be sustained in any style, because. the fundamental building harmoniously fits into different landscape interiors.

There is only one feature with a minus sign for a stone fence - the high cost of materials and a complex work algorithm that requires skills and experience. This article will be useful to you if you are not a professional builder, but want to build a stone fence with your own hands and save a little. Let's see what features this material has, and the construction of such a fence.

Pros and cons of stone fencing

The original, and at the same time incredibly popular stone fence is always in fashion. Such a fence simultaneously serves as an element of decor and a reliable fortress. It is possible to raise a building to any reasonable height - for its strength, only exact observance of construction technology is needed.

pros

1. High strength. The structure has excellent stability indicators, withstands almost any adverse natural factors, and tolerates mechanical stress well.
2. There are several types of stones for building fences. Many of them are affordable yet have excellent physical characteristics;
3. The stone always looks expensive, so it can decorate any, even the most modest area.
4. The high decorative properties of the cobblestone allow it to be harmoniously combined with other building materials, thereby increasing the attractiveness and originality of the building.
5. A stone fence will not require complex maintenance from you, systematic finishing, updates. It will retain a beautiful appearance for the entire operational period.
6. The design is fireproof.
7. Environmentally friendly, natural materials always look advantageous.

Minuses

There are few drawbacks to stone fencing. Rather, they are characteristic features associated with labor costs. Building a cobblestone fence on your own is a complex, time-consuming process that requires special skills and financial investments in the foundation and material.

Preparation for work and calculations

The beginning of construction work on the construction of any fence begins with marking its boundaries on the ground. First, draw a plan for the future fence, find out where the boundary lines are, then select the type of stone. This sequence will allow you to move on to budgeting, buying building and consumables. At the same time, purchase and prepare the necessary tools.

markup

How to determine the boundaries of the territory

Before you make a stone fence, be sure to find out where the boundaries of your property are. Perhaps they are not where you thought, which is fraught with the demolition of a new building, or disagreements with neighbors.

Note! In the future, it will no longer be possible to change the trajectory of the fence without its complete destruction. Invited surveyors can help you in this matter. Boundary surveying is one of the services they provide.

Have you already defined the boundaries of your site? Now you can start measuring the length of the sides, as well as sketching the future structure. Do not forget to mark on your sketch the height of the fence, the places where you will have entrances (wicket, folding or other gates). The height of the fence is selected individually. If you want a high fence, then the optimal length in height is from 2 m to 2,200 cm. Next, proceed to mark out the required number of pillars for support. To maintain the strength of the structure, a certain length of spans is required for the number of supports: approximately 1 pillar per 2.5-3 meters of length. The maximum length of 3.2 meters is no longer recommended.

What stone to choose for the construction of the fence

If you have finished with the calculations, you can proceed to the next, most enjoyable step - choosing a stone. Several types of natural stone with various decorative and physical qualities are widely distributed on the market.

Most used

Fence made of wild stone can have any color and shades. This material is not specially made. With the help of the sun and wind, it is processed by nature itself. Despite the angular and uneven edges that stand out above each other, wild stone is an excellent decoration. From it you can create a beautiful fence in the Western European style. The material is mined in natural deposits in the form of large slabs and splits into small pieces.

French stone fence It is called so not because the material was delivered from France. This is the name of hollow concrete blocks, the production of which is based on the French pressing technique. Like natural stone, French has a natural color, a different surface structure. The structure is durable, and the surface of the material is treated with special compounds that save it from moisture.

By its beauty cobblestone fence not inferior to other stones. It is a very hard stone and extremely difficult to break. Basically, cobblestones are round in shape, and are small parts of rocks such as granite or basalt. The basalt structure can stand for centuries, and the cheapness of the material is another of its pluses.

Natural stone fences- one of the most beautiful. They look like a work of art, and can be built from many types of stones. These include pebbles, limestone, sandstone, cobblestone, marble, rubble and dolomite. In construction, each of these materials behaves differently, which is not a problem for professional masons. If you are a beginner and are going to build a natural stone fence yourself, then the best option is limestone with hewn edges or sandstone plates. This raw material has the correct lamellar shape and is easier to fit. It is not difficult to build even rows of them. If the main priority for you is the aesthetic side, then the best fence stone is cobblestone or rubble of various types.

Preparing tools and consumables

If the stone has already been selected and purchased, proceed to the preparation of working equipment:

• cement brand M300-400;
• crushed stone - fractions 20-30 mm in size;
• sand - the optimal grain size is from 0.15 to 5 mm;
• fittings (rods) with a diameter of 8 to 12 mm;
• thick steel pipes: length - from 3.5 to 4 meters;
• semi-edged board for the construction of formwork;
• materials for decorative finishing of columns, bases.

To mix concrete, you will need a concrete mixer, which can be rented from special organizations. You can not do without a welding machine, as well as other tools:

• wood cola;
• construction cord (at least 5 skeins);
• plumb line;
• building level - spirit level;
• hacksaw for metal and wood cutting;
• roulette;
• tamper for driving soil (can be rented);
• shovels of the type "scoop" and "bayonet";
• Master OK;
• scraper;
• brush with metal bristles;
• 4-5 large buckets.

We make the foundation

Next, the construction area should be cleared of plants, debris and other objects, and the soil should be leveled. Then drive wooden stakes into the places of the outer corners of the future fence and connect them with a cord stretched close to the ground line. Mark the support points with small sticks. For the construction of a stone fence, a strip foundation is optimal. Properly built, it will not allow the fence to tilt or sag, because. j. its width should be at least 20 cm greater than the thickness of the fence.

Ground structures can collapse from water, so your fence will need a plinth 15 cm high above the ground surface. In the future, according to the height of the base, it is worth orienting the height of the formwork.

Work sequence:

1. We dig a trench 70 cm deep;
2. Pour 5 cm of sand at the bottom of the pit and tamp;
3. Next, we put the formwork assembled from the edged board;
4. The next stage is the laying of the reinforcing cage on a sand cushion. To strengthen the stone fence, you need to lay at least 2 nets of rods. Measure 50 mm from the surface of the sand layer and lay the first mesh. Lay the second layer half a meter below ground level. Both grids need to be securely strengthened, thereby making the foundation stronger. To do this, steel pipes are driven into the ground.
5. Further, the formwork is poured with concrete and kept in this state for 2 weeks.

Important! After the formwork is removed, the concrete hardening process will continue for at least 30 days. Only after this time it is possible to engage in the installation of the fence.

The concrete solution is prepared in this way. It is necessary to place the required proportions of crushed stone, cement, water, sand and plasticizer into the concrete mixer, and then pour the mixture into the formwork. The finished mass that has spread over the surface must be made denser with a shovel or vibrator. Level the surface and place PET film on it. The coating will retain moisture in the concrete. In the heat, you can additionally water the formwork with water.

We erect pillars

Pillars of stone for the fence are laid out using the “Sliding formwork” method. To strengthen the spans as best as possible, the pillars are laid with steel. Overhead, in turn, are cut from reinforcing bars and attached to the metal frames of the risers by welding. Position the parts of the rods parallel to the base, fixing the overheads one above the other with a distance of 30 to 50 cm.

The pillars also require the construction of formwork from boards, which is a wooden box without top and bottom 30 cm high.

Work sequence:

1. Formwork is placed for the first layer of stones;
2. Now you should lay out a temporary stone pillar, not fastened with mortar. The masonry must be laid without gaps, tightly adhering to the wooden boxes;
3. Select and lay the stones for the first row using mortar. Use prepared thick cement as a bond. It is easiest to lay out even stones. In the case of uneven stone edges, pour additional grout into the gaps. The rest of the rows are laid out in the same way.
4. Formwork rows are filled one above the other, moved and filled further. It is this method that is called sliding.
5. Once you've built the first stone tier and wait 24 hours, remove the bottom boxes but leave the formwork on top of the structure. This step will allow you to place the next wooden levels.

After removing the formwork, you need to process all the cracks between the cobblestones with cement to ensure a finished appearance and accuracy of finishing the supports, which you will also do yourself.

Remember that the masonry must gain strength, and for this it needs to be given time - at least a day.

Laying out spans

After the construction of pillars and foundations, the next stage of work is spans. For laying sections, you need to pick up stones ranging in size from 20 to 25 cm in diameter. Such elements weigh a little, so it is easier to work with them. If you do not find enough material, you can break large stones into fragments using a perforator or hammer.

To prepare the mortar, mix cement and sand in a ratio of 1 to 3. To obtain a beautiful color of the binder, paint can be added to the mortar.

Work like this:

1. A cement-sand mortar is laid on the base.
2. Stones are placed on both sides of the span. To make the masonry even, connect the edges of the section with a white thread and then navigate along it.
3. Fill the inner space of the span edges with stones, and fill the resulting gaps tightly with a cement mixture. Stones should be laid with the smooth side up.
4. It must take 24 hours before the laid rad acquires the desired degree of strength. Only after that you can begin the construction of the next row. To build a stone fence with your own hands, proceed in this way until you reach the desired height.

Video: errors when laying stone

For laying nearby, be sure to use any kind of dressing that is convenient for you. For the top row, keep stones of the same shape and diameter. Clean off the solution that accidentally fell on the front of the span as soon as possible.

stone fence finishing

Beautiful stone fences are complemented by the final touch - finishing. To increase the attractiveness of the appearance, the seams are embroidered. To do this, a colored or simple mortar is added between the stones, which makes the masonry more voluminous. Here you can apply your own creative ideas, the main thing is to properly prepare the solution.

You will need:

• scraper;
• foam rubber;
• brush with metal wire.

To finish the seams between the cobblestones, you should wait at least 3 and no more than 4 hours after the laying of the spans. It is not recommended to wait any longer, because the cement mixture hardens.

Stitching algorithm:

1. Clean the seams between the stones with a metal brush.
2. You need a scraper to create small recesses in the seams - no more than 20 mm.
3. Next, you need to wash the finished fence with foam rubber using a hydrochloric acid solution of 30% concentration. Be sure to use protective gloves for your hands, if possible, try to cover your face and eyes with a transparent plastic mask, and your body with clothing.

Advice! For decorative finishing of the fence, you can use wood, as well as plaster with a beautiful finishing texture.

To remove moisture, special pads are installed on the poles, which can also have a decorative value. Other types of decorations (lighting elements, forged figures) are installed by the owner of the site at his discretion.