How often can you spray trees from pests. Spraying fruit trees after flowering from pests

Autumn is a very "hot" time for gardeners. And although the crop is almost already harvested, there is still a lot of work to be done. And today we will talk about the autumn care of fruit trees.

autumn care

So, processing trees in the fall. What does it include? The list of agrotechnical measures is quite extensive, so we will consider each item separately.

pruning

Processing in the fall always begins with pruning. It is she who is the main and most accessible method of regulating the yield of a tree. It is carried out both in autumn and in spring. At the end of summer, it is necessary to carry out the so-called preventive pruning. You need to carefully inspect the trees and cut out the weak ones, as well as the shoots growing inside the crown. For the next season, there will be very little use from them, and the only thing they can be useful for is that they will give small, low-quality fruits. Dried and broken branches will interfere with the tree.

Tree processing in autumn: removal of tops

Sometimes, after a complete pruning, nature again pleases us with warmth and sunshine, and the “sleeping” trees come to life again. Therefore, be prepared for the appearance of a large number of tops.

This is the name of young shoots growing vertically upwards. They emerge from and begin to grow very actively, sometimes reaching a height of two meters. These are fattening shoots that take away the strength of the tree, but at the same time they never bear fruit and only thicken its crown. Therefore, they must be disposed of immediately.

You can remove such shoots by breaking them off with your hands or cutting them out with a garden pruner. In any case, the tree has a wound that needs to be treated with garden pitch.

spraying

Spraying trees in the fall will help prevent insect infestation in the spring, as well as get a richer harvest. Immediately after harvesting the entire crop, the trees must be treated with a solution of urea. To do this, you need to dilute 500 grams of fertilizer in 10 liters of water and carefully process the entire tree, including the trunk. This procedure will save vegetation from scab.

It will be nice to spray the trees with a solution of the solution yourself. For this you will need:

copper sulfate - 300 grams;
water (warm) - 3 liters;
lime - 400 grams;
water - 10 liters.

First, dilute copper sulfate with warm water. Then pour lime into a bucket of water and, with constant stirring, pour in a solution of copper sulfate. Spraying with Bordeaux liquid must be carried out in late October or early November. Choose a dry and windless day.

Such spraying will help get rid of trees from many diseases:

gray rot;
scab;
purple spotting;
coccomycosis, etc.

Such spraying of trees in the fall allows you to process the entire garden without harming other plants and beneficial insects.

Tree processing: bark

Tree processing in autumn includes bark protection. In the spring, one can often observe rather deep vertical cracks on tree trunks. They arise due to sudden temperature changes in winter days, when the sun heats the crust during the day, and at night it cools sharply. This is what causes cracking.

Pests hibernating under the bark can also cause similar harm. Therefore, be sure to clean the tree trunk from mosses and lichens. The bark that has lagged behind the trunk must be removed. This will help to destroy the females of the spider mite that have prepared for wintering, the causative agents of many diseases: rust, powdery mildew, kidney moths, etc. Be sure to burn all the trapping belts installed on tree trunks.

The barrel must be whitewashed and then wrapped with a protective cloth. It can be any material. An ordinary rag is also suitable, because the main goal is to protect from direct sunlight.

Whitewashing stem

The processing of fruit tree trunks in autumn consists primarily in whitewashing. It will help protect the trees from possible damage due to extreme temperature fluctuations, sunburn and slow bud break.

To protect the tree from sunburn, whitewash must be applied to a height of at least two meters. Do not forget about the processing of skeletal branches.

For the event, choose dry and calm weather. Whitewashing is carried out after the complete completion of leaf fall.

What to whiten?

If possible, it is better to purchase a ready-made solution of water-dispersion paint. You can use it when the air temperature has dropped below three degrees below zero. The paint is good because it does not prevent the tree from breathing, but also does not transmit ultraviolet radiation.

If you can’t buy a ready-made solution, then you should prepare it yourself. The role of the binder can be performed by bustilate, since when it dries it forms a thin breathable layer and does not dissolve under the influence of water. Whitewashing in this case will not be washed away by rains, and the tree will winter well. It is better to refuse to use clay or mullein, as they are very unstable and will be immediately washed away by rain.

The role of white pigment is perfectly performed by ordinary chalk. To get a quality solution, you need two parts of a binder and a part of a pigment. First, they are thoroughly mixed with each other, and only then you can add water to them. The consistency of the solution should resemble paint.

Whitewashing the trunk can be done using the usual one. But in this case, the trunk must be coated twice, since only then the thickness of the painting will meet the norm. To prepare a whitewash mixture, you will need:

slaked lime - 3 kilograms;
casein glue - 80 grams;
copper sulfate (diluted) - 450 grams;
water.

Carefully combine all the components, and then gradually dilute with water. The finished solution should resemble good thick sour cream.

top dressing

The processing of fruit trees in the fall provides for the mandatory application of fertilizers. However, now it is worth abandoning nitrogen fertilizing. At this time, the following compositions are suitable:

superphosphate (preferably double);
monopotassium phosphate;
and chloride);
humus.

By the way, it is humus that can give the tree all the substances it needs. Mineral fertilizers can worsen the microflora of the roots, while there is no humus. It is introduced during the autumn digging of the root circles of trees.

That's all. The processing of trees in the fall consists in carrying out all of the above activities.

For many people, the garden is associated with appetizing fruits. However, in order to grow it, you need to work hard and timely expose the plants to preventive treatment from pests. In the article, we will consider in detail the methods and means for caring for fruit trees, measures to preserve their beautiful appearance and ways to increase productivity.

Treatment of trees in the spring from pests and diseases

A responsible owner, who is worried about the future harvest, begins to work in the garden after the snow has melted. After all, there is a lot of work to be done on the site, and before proceeding directly to spraying the garden, everything must be carefully prepared. In the first half and mid-March, see if there is dried bark and branches damaged after winter, all this must be removed.

Spring is a very busy time. nature is waking up and must not be missed moment to protect the trees from various diseases and pests. If you have just started spraying fruit trees in the spring, and are not very versed in the details, then it is more correct to call an experienced professional who will tell you what to do first. But you can cope on your own, knowing all the features of the work.

When to spray trees?

All months can be broken down into 3 key milestones for spraying trees in the spring:

Beginning and middle of March(before the start of the bud development) is a great time to take care of trees and shrubs. Gardeners protect trees from various harmful bacteria that overwintered in the bark and began to be active with the first warmth, which negatively affects growth, bud formation, flowering and future fruit formation.
Beginning and middle of April should be devoted to regular spraying of buds and stimulation of their increase. Responsible gardeners know that at this time various fungal diseases can massively appear on the trees, requiring a quick response and measures aimed at protecting the entire garden.
First half of May, if everything has already faded on the tree, this is the period when the plants can become very unwell, that is, after the measures taken before, you do not need to relax, but to continuously observe and take care of the garden. If the first 2 stages passed without difficulties, the 3rd stage is very significant, because the further ripening of the fruit depends on it.

In order to better understand these stages, specialists in this process invented special calendars, which gives the timing of the processing of trees, depending on the identified problem. Such detailed schedules are developed in order to understand how to act in a given situation. Be responsible owners of the garden, and let it constantly thank you abundantly for your work with healthy trees.

Spraying time

In the spring, after a cold winter break, it is necessary to intensify tree care. Gardeners, taking into account all the advice, experience and climatic features of different areas, created correct deadlines for the implementation of sequential garden work for trees. Let's start with everyone's favorite apple trees.

It is necessary to spray them in the following periods:

Stage before the creation of kidneys(often the trees are sprayed in order to protect against all sorts of fungi and other insects that survived the winter). Spraying should be carried out when the temperature outside is not less than +7 degrees. Previously, this operation does not make sense, since its effectiveness will be reduced to zero.
The stage when the buds began to bloom(at this time it is very important to ensure that they are not attacked by scab or other insects, which affect the number of fruits).
Stage "rose bud" it is also necessary to ensure that the above pests do not infect the tree and do not lead to large crop losses.
Direct flowering stage(at this time the trees are at risk of infection by various types of mites, caterpillars, aphids, etc.). The most important thing at this time is a quick response and spraying as soon as you notice the first signs of infection. So the ability to protect other types of trees increases significantly.

Spraying should be carried out immediately after the apple trees have faded, to protect against moths, scab, or from the attack of the codling moth and other harmful insect pests. The procedure for spraying pears and plums will be similar, the periods are the same. Plums are strongly exposed to various fungal diseases, which, unfortunately, cannot be overcome without the use of chemicals.

If you have a strong love for apples, pears and plums then do your best to protect them. The main thing is to clearly follow the advice and keep to certain deadlines. You can also help trees, throwing off harmful beetles on the litter and wrapping them special belts, which contribute to the trapping of flower beetles. These activities in the complex give a very good result, and the harvest is worth the efforts described. In case you are just starting to care for a young garden. these recommendations can help determine how and when to start work.

Processing before bud break

Now there are a large number of means for combating pests and diseases of horticultural crops. All of them have a different range of action and effectiveness, however, following the methods and the exact dose of processing agents will make it possible to achieve the highest results when harvesting in autumn. remember, that choose a means for processing the garden is necessary depending on the degree of infection of trees and the predicted occurrence of various diseases.

We offer you to get acquainted with the means that can be used until the moment when the kidneys begin to open:

Do not forget that when working with mixtures, you must follow simple safety rules - wear a protective suit, mask and gloves.

Work after bud break

After the appearance of the buds, it is better to spray the garden with 1% Bordeaux liquid, because the buds have already become sensitive, and if you increase the concentration, you can simply burn them. Such a liquid is excellent plant protection against pests and allows the kidneys to fully open.

It is best to use combined substances, such as Horus, which has shown the highest results in the fight against various types of diseases of fruit trees and shrubs. In combination with other products, it increases the resistance of trees to various types of pathogens by 2-3 times. "Decis" is fighting various types of harmful insects.

It is not always possible to stop the activity of pests with folk remedies, and then the popular drug "Decis" will come to the aid of the gardener. But if you have all sorts of doubts, it’s more correct before spraying, consult with experienced gardeners let them give you advice. Be decisive, and the result will not keep you waiting. You can perfectly protect plants from the adverse effects of harmful organisms.

Care after flowering

After the flowering stage, it is important not to miss the period in order to have time to protect all plants from the invasion of various insects, which at this time are at the peak of activity. After all, if you clean only one tree, there is a huge risk for further infection of other plants that are nearby.

Without certain measures, the crop may die. Preventive spraying is a must. A set of substances is used that are dynamically used for plant protection. Purchase a mixture for garden care in specialized shopping centers.

Use these tools:

"Horus";
"Speed";
"Aktar".

You can also use 1% Bordeaux liquid. The drug "Karate" has shown itself on the market as an excellent means of protection against various environmental influences and active organisms. It is important to stick to the system and do not forget to spray the plants.

If you skip one of the stages, the threat of diseases increases, and this will affect the crop in the future. If you worry about the garden as a living organism, then it will definitely reciprocate in the form of fragrant, very appetizing, and most importantly, environmentally friendly fruits. There is nothing better than to understand that all this is grown by one's own hands.

Preparations against diseases and pests

Domestic manufacturers of chemical means for protecting trees and shrubs have created many products whose effectiveness has been confirmed by experienced gardeners. Currently existing liquids and powders were used to combat with various harmful living organisms or diseases.

Among the insecticides that demonstrate the highest results, we can note:

Zolon;
Dnok;
Danadim;
Mitak.

They perfectly protect against aphids, mites, codling moths and scale insects. Among the spraying agents for fungal diseases, preference should be given to:

Copper vitriol;
"Soon";
"Karatan";
Copper oxychloride.

All preparations are perfectly controlled with pathogens of fungi and eliminate them at the first stage of manifestation. Against various diseases, Hom is often used in conjunction with Fufanon. "Horus", "Aktara" and "Kare Zeon" are used in combination in the fight against scab, rot, flower beetle and moth - for pears, apple trees, plums and other fruit trees.

In order for the garden to meet your expectations, to please the eye and soul with a good harvest, it is necessary to provide it with proper, professional care. Landscape workshop Lenotre-Park will be happy to take care of the processing and spraying of fruit trees and shrubs. For this we have experienced specialists, special equipment. It is easy to order garden processing in Moscow and the Moscow region - just one call to the phone number indicated in the right column.

Cost of work:

Spring processing of fruit trees is a series of measures aimed at the prevention and treatment of diseases of trees and shrubs, to prevent the invasion of pests or to destroy them. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of the future harvest depend on how timely, efficiently, organized and competently the work is carried out.

Spring processing of trees is carried out in several stages:

Before the start of the growing season
By the green cone when the buds hatched
During flowering
After flowering.

Spraying is also carried out outside this schedule, as needed.

But at the same time, you need to be aware that spring spraying of fruit trees is not a strictly regulated event in the sense that no one will say in advance exactly when and with what preparations to treat the garden, because each tree is unique in its characteristics and condition, respectively, requires an individual approach. When planning the processing of fruit trees for the spring, it is necessary to start, first of all, from the degree of infection of the garden with certain insects and diseases. The “just in case” principle does not apply to trees. Excessive use of chemicals can adversely affect the well-being of plants, moreover, it is undesirable for people and the environment in general.

Landscape workshop LE-PARK provides services for comprehensive spring processing of trees and shrubs in Moscow and the Moscow region. Our specialists carry out competent planning of events, the correct selection of drugs, timely and high-quality spraying. You can order both complex garden care and seasonal garden processing.

First treatment before awakening of the kidneys

In early March, when the snow melts and the daytime temperature is stable within + 5 ° C, you can start preventive or recreational activities.

Trimming and cleaning trees and shrubs

Garden processing in early spring begins with pruning trees and shrubs. Tops, dead and frozen branches should be removed, the thickened crown should be cleared. At the same time, it is necessary to treat areas of the cortex damaged by rodents. The places of damage are cleaned to a living woody tissue, they must be treated first with copper sulphate (1% solution), then with rannet (the places where branches are cut during pruning are processed in the same way, copper sulphate is not necessary).

After that, it is necessary to carefully, without damaging the bark, clean the trunks and branches from exfoliated and cracked dead bark, from fungal attacks, lichens. Removed dead bark under the tree can not be left. It is advisable to first lay a cellophane film or other bedding around the trunk and under the crown. After completion of work, collect and burn garbage. If there are stumps in the garden that are a constant source of fungal diseases, they must be uprooted.

Be sure to process the hollows, if any. Clean them, disinfect, lubricate and leave to dry, covering them from rain and dirt.

Trunk processing

Further, in the spring processing of trees, whitewashing of trunks and near-stem branches follows. The task of this event is to prevent the development of the remaining larvae laid by pests in the fall, to scare away adult insect pests, which will soon wake up and kill fungal spores.

Effective for these purposes are modern tools (ready-to-use), which can be purchased in specialized stores. They come in several types: aerosol, water-dispersion, acrylic. They usually contain fungicides. It is desirable that the mixture let air through, which is especially important for young trees.

You can prepare a solution for whitewashing trees yourself. To do this, dilute 2 kilograms of slaked lime in a bucket of water, add 1 kg of clay and 250 g of copper sulfate. Some add laundry soap, glue. Mix everything well. With this mixture, whitewash the trunks and lower parts of the stem branches of trees.

It is also necessary to prepare near-stem areas for processing. If autumn work was not carried out, this should be given the closest attention. Remove and burn last year's foliage, mummified fruits.

First spraying of trees and shrubs in early spring

The very first spring spraying of trees is carried out without fail. Spraying is carried out before the awakening of the kidneys, and it is directed primarily against fungal diseases - scab, coccomycosis, leaf spot, against mosses and lichens, etc., as well as against aphids, mites, apple moth caterpillars, suckers, etc.

How to spray trees in early spring? There are many drugs on the market now. The problem is that they are often narrowly targeted. Therefore, pay attention to the description when buying. It is better to use broad-spectrum drugs. It is clear that it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, for a person far from gardening to quickly understand the intricacies of this matter. The right decision would be to seek help from professionals who know exactly what, when, how much and how.

But, if this is not possible, for one reason or another, then we advise you to use proven and reliable means. These are copper sulphate, Bordeaux liquid, carbamide, iron sulphate. Pay attention to mixtures of urea with copper sulphate. They are good because, in addition to their direct function of protecting plants, they act as a nitrogen fertilizer and delay the growing season for a week and a half. Both additional factors are useful. Nitrogen top dressing is quite appropriate at the start, and late flowering reduces the risk of falling into spring frosts.

It is necessary to spray the trees abundantly, starting from the surface of the crown and gradually moving inward, towards the trunk in the direction from top to bottom. The near-stem areas also need to be carefully treated with a solution, after which the area of \u200b\u200bthe near-stem circles is covered with a black film (the film is removed after flowering is over). This is done in order to reduce the likelihood of the release of larvae of harmful insects from the soil.

After spraying, you can put trapping belts on the trees. And although the insects have not yet awakened, very soon their hordes will rush to the trees.

As for shrubs - currants and gooseberries, they are processed immediately after the snow melts. On gooseberries, cut out branches damaged by American powdery mildew, on currants, cut out branches with unnaturally swollen buds in which females of the currant bud mite have settled (take the cut branches out of the garden and burn them). Shrubs are sprayed with solutions of ferrous sulfate or nitrafen.

Second spring processing on the green cone

By the time the buds hatch, the life of flora and fauna will resume after the winter completely and it will become a little clearer what troubles threaten the garden. In addition, an attentive gardener can already, to some extent, predict outbreaks of diseases and the activity of certain types of pests (taking into account current and last year's observations).

The selection of preparations for the treatment of trees and shrubs in this spring time is not an easy task. Every year, dozens of new products are released, to which pests adapt throughout the year. No matter how good this or that drug is, it is not able to solve all problems in a complex, in one go. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully and accurately diagnose diseases, determine the type of pests and select appropriate means of protecting and treating trees.

If you live in Moscow or the Moscow region, qualified gardeners of the Lenotre-Park landscape workshop are at your service. You can get professional advice at any time or use the services of specialists for spring spraying of fruit trees and shrubs.

Preparations, depending on the condition of the trees, can be used chemical or biological.

Chemical preparations are quite radical means with some side undesirable effects on the environment.

Biological products are harmless to the environment, animals, pollinating insects and people. Their production is based on the use of living microorganisms (bacteria, bacterial viruses, antagonist fungi). They are not so aggressive towards pests and to achieve the result, they are sprayed more often.

Chemicals:

Bordeaux liquid- broad spectrum fungicide
Fufanon- a broad-spectrum insecticide against ticks, weevils, leafworms, scale insects, raspberry beetles, aphids, thrips, moths, moths, etc.
Decis– contact-intestinal insecticide against Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera
Inta-Vir– enteric-contact insecticide to control aphids, leaf-eating caterpillars, thrips, whitefly
Akarin- a broad-spectrum insecticide for the destruction of mites, aphids, sawfly, codling moth, leafworm, garden pests.
Bi-58- insectoaccaricide is effective against ticks, scale insects, leafworms, codling moths, suckers, moths, root pests.

Biologicals:

Lepidocide- for processing from caterpillars, caterpillars, sawflies on fruit and berry and forest deciduous, coniferous species.
Bitoxibacillin (BTB-202) completely repeats the action of the previous drug, and is also used against spider mites.
Gaupsin- used against all fungal diseases, as well as against ticks, codling moths, leafworms, aphids.
Fitoverm- recommended for the fight against mites, codling moth, many types of aphids, apple moth, sawflies, thrips, leafworms.

Spraying trees during flowering

During flowering, the garden is not treated with insecticides and fungicides. You can use biological products that stimulate the formation of the ovary. This is especially true when, during the flowering period of trees, the weather is not conducive to the flight of bees. Actually, the drug is called “Ovary” or “Universal Ovary”. It is classified as a growth promoter.

Fruit trees are treated twice - during the period of active flowering, and during the period of fruit formation (7-10 days after the first spraying).

Berry bushes are also sprayed twice - in the budding phase, and during the formation of the ovary.

During flowering, the intensity of work in the garden decreases. You can take the time to fill the hollows that have been cleaned and disinfected earlier.

Spraying trees and shrubs after flowering

By the time fruit formation begins, all insects have already woken up and are aimed at creating voracious offspring, which will destroy the entire future crop along with foliage - a couple of trifles. Therefore, vigilance must not be lost. At this time, fruit trees are treated from pests, guided by the principle of an individual approach.

For apricot, the main threat is clasterosporia and monilial burn. Regardless of previous treatments, apricot trees must be treated with copper chloride or a 1% solution of copper sulphate. If aphids and leafworms are present, add an insecticide to the spray solution.

Plum most often suffers from moniliosis, clasterosporiasis, polystigmosis, etc. For spraying, copper oxychloride is used with the addition of an insecticide (if necessary).

Sweet cherries and cherries are prone to clasterosporiasis, coccomycosis, aphids appear on the foliage, the leafworm, cherry fly, etc. are activated. From fungal diseases, trees are treated with topsin, copper oxychloride. From insects - spraying with ash, sumition.

On pears and apple trees after flowering, the appearance of powdery mildew, scab and other spots on the foliage is often observed. It is necessary to spray with fungicides such as Vectra, Rubigan, Strobi, Fast. Spraying is repeated after 12 days, while changing the drug to another.

And in this way it is necessary to analyze and spray all fruit trees and shrubs in the garden.

After the trees have faded, there is a high risk of sawflies, mites, aphids, leafworms, and other pests. At the first sign of the presence of these "friends" of the garden, it is necessary to treat the trees with broad-spectrum insecticides - BI 58N, Rogor S, Mitak, Danadim, etc.

The price for processing the garden in the spring (Moscow / Moscow region)
Package name	Qty. acres	Service cost	Note
Package “Dacha” from 6 to 20 acres.	6-20 acres	from 10.000 - share price from 8.000 rubles
Package “Cottage”– a one-time visit of a plant protection specialist for complex spraying of the garden ( all trees and shrubs up to 15 meters high are processed) from diseases/pests. This option is considered optimal for land owners. from 21 to 50 acres.	21-50 acres	from 14.000 - share price from 12.000 rubles. Promotion for spring processing until 30.05.2019	The cost of this service depends on the remoteness of the object outside the Moscow Ring Road. Trees over 15 meters high are calculated individually.
Package “Homestead”– a one-time visit of a plant protection specialist for complex spraying of the garden ( all trees and shrubs up to 15 meters high are processed) from diseases/pests. This option is considered optimal for land owners. from 51 to 100 acres.	51-100 acres	from 18.000 - share price from 16.000 rubles. Promotion for spring processing until 30.05.2019	The cost of this service depends on the remoteness of the object outside the Moscow Ring Road. Trees over 15 meters high are calculated individually.

The garden is gradually waking up after a long winter hibernation, the buds are about to begin to bloom. Now, in spring, fruit trees and shrubs especially need the protection and attention of the gardener. How to process trees and shrubs in early spring, how to help our beloved “plants” in order to cure diseases, protect against pests and adverse climatic conditions, we deal with experienced gardeners of our portal, who have accumulated volumes of useful material on this topic over the years of gardening.

In this article, we will look at:

How to prepare a remedy for spring garden spraying at home;
Calendar of garden treatments in early spring in spring. When to carry out the first treatment;
How to prepare Bordeaux liquid;
How to deal with fungal diseases;

Member of our portal Eleni three grandchildren, so his family attaches great importance to the safety of fruits and berries, and "no chemicals" are used at all. The question of how to spray fruit trees and shrubs in spring does not arise in this family: the treatment of the garden from diseases and pests is done only with safe home remedies.

Home remedies for spraying fruit trees and shrubs:

Infusion of garlic;
Infusion of onion peel.
Green soap is added to these infusions for better stickiness.

An infusion of onion peels is made as follows: 350 grams of onion peels are poured with two liters of water, brought to a boil and cooled. The resulting solution is diluted in 10 liters of water with 2 tablespoons of green soap (sold in garden stores).

Garlic infusion recipe: 300 grams of whole, unpeeled garlic heads are passed through a meat grinder, poured with water. The mixture is insisted for a day, stirring from time to time, 2 tablespoons of green soap are added, and diluted in 10 liters of water.

It is also popular to treat currant and gooseberry bushes with boiling water (not hot water, but boiling water, from a boiled kettle), which is carried out even before buds open. Try to start processing with this - surprisingly, boiling water is no less effective than special substances.

HelgaFORUMHOUSE User

This is an old way of destroying bud mite clutches and powdery mildew germs.

How to help our beloved "plants", how to process them in order to cure diseases, protect them from pests and adverse climatic conditions? Let's see what experienced gardeners of our portal are doing.

How to prepare a spring spray for the garden at home.
Calendar of processings of fruit plants in the spring.
How to make Bordeaux mixture.
How to deal with mushroom plants.
Why you can not refuse spring garden treatments.

Treatment with home remedies

Member of our portal Eleni three grandchildren, so his family attaches great importance to the safety of fruits and berries, and "no chemicals" are used at all. In early spring, he sprays all his garden bushes and trees with infusions of garlic and onion peel, to which he adds green soap for better stickiness.

An infusion of onion peels is made as follows: 350 grams of onion peels are poured with two liters of water, brought to a boil and cooled. The resulting solution is diluted with 10 liters of water with 2 tablespoons of green soap (sold in garden stores).

Both of these infusions are used for spring spraying of all fruit crops.

It is also popular to treat currant and gooseberry bushes with boiling water (not hot water, but boiling water, from a boiled kettle), which is carried out even before the buds open.

If someone believes that by planting an apple tree in the country, he is guaranteed to provide himself with a plentiful harvest of apples for the rest of his life, then you can be very disappointed.

Planting a tree (like having a son) is just the first small step on a long journey that you have to go through before the first results of your labors make themselves felt. A tree, like a child, must be taken care of constantly, otherwise diseases and pests can cause irreparable harm to your offspring.

Why you need to spray trees and shrubs in the spring

The beginning of the season, that is, the period when garden trees and shrubs, waking up after the winter cold, begin to accumulate strength to form a fruit mass, is exactly the time when you need to take maximum care of their protection. That's why processing trees in the spring from pests and diseases is an important stage in gardening.

In fact, spring is an insidious period. On the one hand, the tree needs time to recover after a long stay in extreme conditions of severe frost, on the other hand, various pests, having also woken up from hibernation, begin to actively feed, with pleasure attacking barely blossoming leaves and flowers. It is not surprising that tree care in the spring includes mandatory pest control, because if you do not intervene in the process, you may not wait for the harvest. Of course, it will not be possible to destroy all harmful insects in the garden, although such a task is not set. It is much more important to drive uninvited guests out of the garden, to make your trees and shrubs as unattractive as possible for such pests, both from the point of view of nutrition and from the point of view of “living”.

Another important argument in favor of the spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases is that this period excludes the direct effect of pesticides on the ovaries and fruits (simply because they have not yet formed), therefore, the fight against garden pests in the spring minimizes the risk of subsequent poisoning with such drugs as a result of eating processed fruits and berries.

Thus, the main task of spraying the garden in the spring is to prevent pests and diseases that will lie in wait for your site throughout the season, including when the use of fungicides and insecticides will negatively affect the ecological purity of the crop.

Of course, ideally, we all want to show off fruits and berries grown “without chemistry”. However, it is very important to maintain a healthy balance and sense of proportion. Breeders all over the world are struggling to create plant varieties that are resistant to certain diseases, but it has not yet been possible to develop a species that is completely immune to harmful external influences, and it is hardly possible at all, since nature itself has conceived a scheme in which “everyone eats everyone ". Therefore, we should expect that the fruits of the tree, which are not affected by any pest, will also be inedible for humans, because we are also part of the animal world.

In addition, even if the manufacturer assures you that this particular variety (for example, apple trees) is absolutely not affected by scab, you should treat such statements with a healthy dose of skepticism. And this does not mean that you are being deceived. The fact is that the development of certain diseases, as well as the spread of various pests, largely depends on specific external conditions that are constantly changing. In addition, insects and carriers of infectious diseases tend to mutate and adapt to new realities. No wonder they say that you can not use the same fungicide in the garden - the preparations must be constantly changed to ensure the best result.

The main enemies of fruit trees, against which spring spraying is directed, are caterpillars, butterflies, various beetles and aphids. So, if you do not spray the apple tree at the very beginning of the season, the aphid begins to actively suck the juice from the greens and flowers, and also deforms the bark of the tree, forming ugly growths on it, which then crack and turn into gaping wounds. As a result, the tree may stop growing and die. The same danger awaits pears, plums, apricots, cherry plums and other fruit trees.

The cockchafer is very fond of eating leaves and ovaries, and its favorite delicacy is the plum tree. While an adult is rampaging on the surface, its numerous larvae infect the root system of trees, which is especially dangerous for young seedlings. Timely spraying can help rid the garden of such a scourge.

Caterpillars and butterflies are also happy to eat the greens and fruits of apple, pear, plum and cherry trees, so the protection of such trees in the spring will save the future harvest.

The above fully applies to the processing of shrubs (black and red currants, gooseberries, raspberries, etc.), since it is in the spring that the main measures should be taken to protect all plants from pests and diseases.

How to spray trees in the spring from diseases and pests

Currently, there are many options for how to treat fruit trees from pests in the spring. Conventionally, they can be divided into three groups:

biological preparations;
chemicals;
"improvised" means, which are usually used by ardent opponents of the first two options, considering this method to be safer for health (and, of course, more economical).

Thus, the choice of a protective agent depends on the personal preferences of the gardener, but, in addition, on the condition of the garden (there are cases when the use of radical processing methods is vital in order to save the garden from imminent death).

Biological agents

Biological garden treatments are gaining popularity as a direct alternative to chemicals.

Their effect on harmful insects and carriers of diseases is exerted not by an artificially synthesized toxic substance, but by living organisms (bacteria, bacterial viruses, antagonist fungi, and even insects). Also, as an alternative, not the living being itself is used, but the toxin (biotoxin) it secretes.

Such biological agents can be “started” on the site on their own, creating conditions that attract beneficial insects. This role can be performed, say, by mustard, buckwheat, dill and other honey plants planted in the country. However, such preventive measures are usually not enough to reliably protect the garden, so scientists have developed numerous preparations based on the action of beneficial organisms. Let's consider some of them.

is an excellent antagonist of a number of pathogenic fungi (including pathogens of scab, various types of rot, late blight and other unpleasant diseases). The plant itself does not experience any harm from the action of Trichoderma, on the contrary, this fungus releases substances that make the plant more resistant to related diseases. Treatment with the drug can be carried out from the moment the buds open and continue throughout the season.

"Planris" is a soil bacteria that protects the garden from powdery mildew, root and root rot, leaf rust, septoria (often affecting raspberries), as well as lepidopteran pests.

"Pentafage" - a proven way to prevent diseases of fruit crops with bacterial cancer, damage by perforated spotting of stone fruits. In addition, it is a good prevention against scab and powdery mildew.

"Phytodoctor" inhibits the development of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, in particular, protects fruit trees from late blight, bacterial cancer, root and fruit rot, mold, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, etc.

protects the garden from such fungal and bacterial diseases as scab, wilting, late blight, root rot, powdery mildew, leaf rust and others.

"Mikosan" protects fruit trees from fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Its action is based on covering the organs of the plant with a protective film that prevents the pathogen from infecting them. The drug strengthens the immunity of the tree and helps it cope with the disease on its own. This tool should be used separately from any other drugs, at the rate of 0.1 kg of the substance per 4-8 liters of water.

"Gaupsin" proved to be an effective remedy against aphids, codling moth, leafworm, cherry and plum flies. Of the diseases, the zone of influence of the drug is powdery mildew, late blight and others. Also, the tool saturates the plant with the nitrogen it needs.

"Bitoxibacillin" also well protects the garden from gnawing and lepidoptera pests (spider mites, cabbage moths, hawthorn, silkworms and others). Its action is based on a violation of the intestinal function of the insect, as a result of which the larva dies.

"Aktofit" destroys caterpillars, ticks, whiteflies, aphids.

provides protection against various fungal diseases and, like gaupsin, releases nitrogen molecules from the air. A distinctive feature of the drug is its very fast, in comparison with other biological means of protection, action (the active substance reaches the root system of the tree in less than half an hour after spraying).

"Healthy Garden" - another means to protect trees from aphids, codling moth, powdery mildew and other pests and diseases.

From ticks and codling moths, the drug "Fitoverm" can help get rid of silkworm caterpillars, leafworms, scoops, moths, cabbage, etc. - Lepidocide.

Biological products have a number of unconditional advantages: they do not accumulate in the soil, do not harm the plant, and their consumption is much lower than that of other drugs. But there are also some disadvantages. In general, such compounds take much longer to achieve a beneficial effect, while a chemical poison acts much faster.

Important! The use of biological preparations can be started only when the average daily temperature is at least +10° C. At this time, pathogenic bacteria and pests, which are the food of the organisms presented in the biological product, awaken and begin to develop. Otherwise, such biological weapons are powerless, so that the earliest treatment of the garden can be carried out only with the help of chemistry.

Chemicals

Treatment of the garden with chemicals (pesticides) is considered the most effective way to protect trees and shrubs from diseases and pests.

Did you know? The word pesticide comes from two Latin words: pestis (contagion) and caedere (kill). The concept of "pesticides" includes the following groups of poisons: herbicides - act against weeds, insecticides - against harmful insects, fungicides - against pathogens of fungal diseases, zoocides - against warm-blooded animals (for example, rodents). Most often, pesticides, as their name suggests, kill one or another pest, but there are also sterilizers that cause sterility, as well as growth inhibitors that inhibit the development of insects..

Modern pesticides act very quickly and retain their effect for a long time, but, unlike biological products, they can be addictive to pests.

As mentioned above, treatment of plants in early spring does not pose a risk to human or domestic animal health, since after a certain time after application, most pesticides completely decompose. Another advantage of chemicals is that they dissolve well in water and are mainly sold in packages that are convenient for quick use.

At the same time, unlike biological products, the correct dosage of pesticides plays a decisive role: exceeding the recommended dose can lead to plant damage (burn, reduced pollen viability, destruction of pistils) and environmental damage, while a “lack” provokes the production of harmful pesticides. organisms immune to the corresponding poison.

Important! It is necessary to work with chemicals only following the safety rules as much as possible, since the toxin can harm humans and pets not only when swallowed, but also through the skin and respiratory tract.

It is best to carry out spring treatment of trees and shrubs with special complex preparations, which are a mixture of fungicide and insecticide. In this case, the plant is simultaneously protected from both diseases and pests.

A possible replacement for such a complex preparation is ordinary urea. The first treatment of the garden in early spring is recommended to be carried out with a higher concentration of carbamide (urea), adding a little copper sulfate to the mixture. An additional advantage of this composition is its ability to briefly (for a week or two) slow down the awakening of the tree, and as a result, it is protected from unexpected frosts during flowering (this is especially true for plum trees).

After flowering, the trees should be sprayed with a less concentrated solution of urea. Such treatment will save the garden from aphids, leafworms, apple beetles, suckers.

An overdose of urea can lead to burns on the leaf plate, therefore, when diluting urea with water, you need to be extremely careful.

Spring spraying of fruit plants with copper sulphate is also popular. The procedure is carried out in early March, before the appearance of the first buds, since this pesticide in the concentration necessary to achieve the effect causes a burn on young leaves. An exception is the situation when it is necessary to disinfect a wound on a tree.

Copper sulphate has a detrimental effect on pathogens of curliness, moniliosis, coccomycosis and clasterosporosis, phyllosticosis, scab and other diseases. The drug is recommended to process plums, pears and apple trees.

Important! Copper sulfate is very poisonous! Therefore, it is necessary to exclude the ingress of the drug or its residues into water bodies or other sources of water supply, as this can lead to the death of fish, animals and create serious health problems for people.

Most often, copper sulfate is mixed in equal parts with lime. The resulting mixture is called Bordeaux liquid and protects the garden from most diseases and pests, while being relatively harmless.

These and other copper preparations such as (copper oxychloride), (copper oxychloride and oxadisil), etc. well protect trees and shrubs from fungal diseases, but they should be used no more than once a year. Therefore, if such spraying was carried out in the fall, in the spring you need to choose a different type of treatment.

Until the buds have blossomed on the trees, you can treat them with iron sulphate. In addition to protecting against pests, this drug has another function - it saturates plants with iron necessary for their proper development, this is especially important for trees with iron-containing fruits, such as apple trees, pears and plums.

"Drug 30 V" during early spring spraying, it is aimed at the destruction of pests that overwinter on the bark of fruit trees. First of all, it is a leafworm, a worm, aphids, whiteflies, scale insects and false scales, moths, suckers, fruit mites. The drug forms a film on the bark, which kills the larvae "lurking" inside and destroys the eggs of insects. The disadvantage of the pesticide is a very long decay period, in connection with which the manufacturer warns against using it more than once every three years.

Some summer residents treat the garden with diesel fuel, but this oil product has a very destructive effect on the ecosystem. Therefore, if you do not work at a car depot, where “shoe polish is just heaps up,” use less aggressive chemicals in the garden. But if you still decide to take a chance, then the drug, firstly, can be used very early (even before the kidneys swell), and secondly, its concentration should be minimal, and to enhance the effect, it is better not only to dilute it with water, but also to mix it with other chemicals. There is one exception: diesel fuel can really help protect an apple tree or plum tree from rotting, for example, in the event of a fracture.

Folk remedies

For opponents of chemistry, a number of folk remedies used for spring gardening can be recommended. Here, however, it should be noted that many pest-damaging plants that form the basis for spraying cannot be physically obtained in early spring. In this case, it is sometimes possible to use stocks dried from last year, but if the “recipe” suggests the presence of fresh grass, it can be used at later stages, and in early spring the trees can be protected with chemistry. Actually, this approach looks quite logical: until the bud has blossomed, we use a more “heavy” and dangerous protection for the tree itself, and after the leaves bloom, flowering and ovaries appear, we use the “light option” as a “control shot”.

For spraying the garden, pest-intolerant plants such as: field thistle (it is recommended to take freshly picked), chilli pepper (you can take dried), walnut (dry leaves), sweet and bitter nightshade (you need fresh stem tops with leaves, buds and flowers), tansy (dried inflorescences), wormwood (you can take dried), chamomile, Dolmatian, Caucasian (you can take dried), sarsazan (you can take dried shoots), tomato tops (you can use dried or take from last year's compost), garlic (crushed cloves), coniferous needles, bird cherry (you can take dry branches with leaves), leaf-tailed or thick-fruited sophora (dried greens collected during the flowering period), tobacco (shag) and many others.

The principle of preparing the solution is approximately the same: the raw material is crushed, filled with water, infused and filtered. Proportions, if desired, can be peeped on the network. In addition to herbal preparations, spraying is also carried out with saline or a solution of superphosphate and potassium chloride (the latter helps to get rid of aphids and leaf-eating caterpillars).

Aphids and suckers are also driven out by fumigating fruit trees with tobacco dust (it is poured on straw, which is set on fire in the garden).

In general, we can say that folk remedies for gardening are certainly not as harmful to the environment as pesticides (although some concentrates can burn a tree), but their effectiveness is incommensurably lower.

Therefore, when choosing one or another method of protection, one should proceed from a lot of factors: from the weather to the condition of your garden, the age of the trees, the prevalence in the region and the infestation of a particular area by one or another pest, etc. It is also important to choose the right time exactly when you are going to process fruit trees from pests: in early spring, at the beginning of flowering or after it.

When you need garden treatment from diseases and pests

The timing of the processing of fruit trees from pests in the spring, as we already understood, can be different. Some drugs should be used as early as possible, due to their particular aggressiveness, others can be used even during flowering and after the formation of ovaries.

In any case, competent garden processing in the spring includes four stages:

Only such comprehensive work will make it possible to protect the garden as much as possible, because if in early spring we first of all destroy microorganisms, then in April the main goal of spraying is to protect the buds from fungal diseases, scab, powdery mildew, leafworms, weevils, apple flower beetle and other beetles, and in May - protect the ovaries from later pests.

Features of processing the garden in early spring

The very first cultivation of the garden is considered perhaps the most important. Pests and carriers of diseases that have overwintered in the bark and tree trunks should be destroyed preventively before they have recovered from hibernation and have not begun their dirty work.

The snow has melted, the temperature has risen above zero, it was a windless day - and for work!

We already know how to spray trees in the spring before bud break: we use pesticides, the aggressiveness of which is not yet terrible for a tree, but deadly for pests.

We use Bordeaux liquid for the first spraying at a concentration of up to 3%. You can buy a ready-made kit with properly selected components, or you can make the drug yourself by mixing 0.45 kg of lime and 0.3 kg of copper sulfate in a bucket of water (10 l).

You can also spray the trees with Nitrofen or a mixture of urea and copper sulfate (0.7 kg and 0.05 kg, respectively, per bucket of water). Instead of urea, some gardeners use nitrogen or potash fertilizers, but not chlorine-containing ones. In any case, the fertilizer should be used immediately after dilution, otherwise it will lose all its effectiveness.

Trees and shrubs should be treated completely - from the trunk (especially in places of cracks) and the near-stem circle to the tips of the branches. Before spraying, be sure to thoroughly clean the trunk with a brush.

In addition, you need to keep in mind that different plants do not wake up after winter at the same time, so if you tighten it with the first treatment, especially early trees and shrubs can be burned. So, if apples, pears and plums are sprayed in mid-March, then, say, the growing season for blackcurrants may begin earlier. Accordingly, it is better to divide the procedure into several stages than to try to do it in one day and, as a result, rinse young kidneys with poison.

Spraying trees and bushes before flowering

As it was said, before the beginning of flowering, after the swelling of the buds, and also right on the buds (before they blossomed), the garden is re-treated. If spraying is carried out with pesticides, a weaker concentration of them should be used (for example, if we diluted the Bordeaux liquid to a 3% solution during the first treatment, now we use 1% solution).

However, it is preferable at this stage to use more modern drugs that can be purchased in specialized stores. For example, by mixing the Horus fungicide and the Aktar insecticide, you will simultaneously protect the garden from both fungal diseases and insect pests. The same mixture can be reapplied after flowering trees. Such drugs as "Fufanon", "Decis" and others have proven themselves well.

The nuances of processing the garden during the flowering period

The question "Is it possible to spray trees during flowering?" is quite debatable. Many gardeners categorically do not recommend doing this, since you can damage the inflorescences and disrupt the entire subsequent process of fruit set.

In general, there is no doubt that during the flowering period it is definitely impossible to use strong pesticides that can harm not only flowers, but also bees actively “working” in a blooming garden.

If, for one reason or another, you did not have time to process the garden before the flowers appeared, then it is still better later than never. Processing the garden during this period will protect the tree from aphids, mites, leafworms, suckers, sawflies and other pests, as well as from many insidious diseases. You can use phosphorus-containing organic preparations, for example, "Fufanon" or "Aktellik". In warmer times, use Fitoverm, Akarin, Iskra Bio, Entobacterin and other biological preparations, because we remember that they are safe for wood, but deadly for pathogens and harmful insects.

Treatment of trees and shrubs after flowering

Spraying fruit trees and shrubs after flowering is the final stage of the spring protection of the garden from diseases and pests . Its main goal is to destroy leafworm caterpillars, apple codling moth, weevils, moths, aphids, mites and prevent possible garden diseases.

Processing should be carried out no later than three weeks after the trees and shrubs have faded.

There are a lot of modern garden preparations during this period, so there should be no problems with choosing the most suitable one. But what you definitely shouldn’t spray trees after flowering is pesticides in high concentrations. It is better at this stage to give preference to biological products or more gentle chemical agents. For the May spraying of fruit trees, for example, you can use the following preparations: Brunka, Blue Bordeaux, Fital, Delan, Saprol, Fury, Fastak, Talstar, Fufanon, "Decis", "Karate", "Confidor", "Apercut", "Koragen".

The fungicide "Skor" recommended for use at this stage is also effective and low-toxic. The choice depends on many factors, in particular, each drug is aimed at combating certain pests, which, in turn, have their own preferences among fruit trees. Therefore, read the instructions and select the optimal mixture.

So, for example, for apricot, the greatest danger is perforated spotting and monilial burn, of pests - aphids, leafworms, moths.

Peach, fading, is often affected by curly foliage and clasterosporium, and it is also often attacked by the codling moth. Plum trees are prone to moniliosis, clasterosporiasis, polystigmosis, among insects their main enemies are mites, aphids, leafworms, codling moths. Cherry and cherry orchards after flowering can affect klesterosporiosis and coccomycosis. Cherry flies are very fond of laying eggs under the skin of fruits at the moment they are set, and these trees also infect aphids and leafworms.

Apple and pear trees suffer from scab and powdery mildew, among pests, apple codling moth, mites, aphids, and sawflies are dangerous for them.

Important! At this stage, it is better to spray the garden in the evening: caterpillars hiding in the foliage by night get out to feast on ovaries and green mass, on which poison is already waiting for them. If the drug has worked, in the morning you will be able to observe a mass phenomenon: a huge number of dead caterpillars hanging from branches on thin cobwebs.

How to properly treat trees and shrubs from diseases and pests

By and large, you can act as you like, but for the safety (of yourself and those around you), as well as to achieve maximum effect, it is better to follow certain rules and recommendations.

You need to start spraying from the crown, gradually moving down. The final stage is the processing of the near-stem circle (it is very important not to forget this area). With the exception of the last spraying, which is carried out during the active "work" of the caterpillars, it is better to treat trees in the early morning.

For the procedure, you need to choose a calm, dry day. Take an interest in the weather forecast and if rain is expected in the next day, postpone the procedure for a few days. With minimal humidity, the active substance will be absorbed faster and cause less damage to the plant. An exception may be some biological products, which, on the contrary, need moisture, so read the instructions before using them. It is also important to correctly calculate the required amount of the drug, since its reuse after a while is absolutely unacceptable: you need to dilute exactly as much as you need for today's processing. In this case, it follows from such calculations: about 5-6 liters of solution “leaves” for an adult tree, from 0.5 to 1.5 liters for shrubs and young trees, depending on their size.

Finally, to make it convenient to work, you should not lower a broom into a bucket and spray it on a tree - better buy a modern sprayer. Today, manufacturers offer the widest selection of models that will allow you to choose the best option depending on the size of your garden (they differ both in volume and power, and, accordingly, in price). Small trees and young seedlings can be sprayed with an ordinary plastic sprayer, and for large gardens, it may be worth investing in an expensive but very reliable electric pump.

Do not forget about personal safety. It is necessary to clearly understand how toxic the drug you are working with is and, depending on this, already adjust your behavior. In any case, the face should be covered with a respirator or gauze bandage, hair should be covered with a scarf or bandana, and eyes should be protected with goggles. Work with gloves and in general it is better not to leave exposed skin. Keep households (especially children) and pets away.

Spring processing of the garden is a difficult process that requires considerable labor and financial costs, as well as a fairly deep knowledge of agricultural technology. And yet you can’t do without it, of course, if you count on the long life of the trees or shrubs you planted and want to harvest a decent harvest from them every year.

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