Designation of LPP support. Electricity main thing

The energy industry has a very large problem in his hands: the professionals born in the period from the mid-1940s and until the mid-1960s are approaching the retirement age. And a very big question arises: who will replace them?

Overcoming barriers to the use of energy from renewable sources

Despite certain achievements in recent years, energy from renewable sources is a very modest part of modern energy provision services worldwide. Why is it so?

Monitoring of electricity transmission in real time

The demand for electricity continues to grow and in front of the companies transmitting electricity, the task of the growth of throughputs of their networks occurs. It can be solved by the construction of new and modernization of old lines. But there is another solution to the solution, it is to apply network monitoring sensors and technology.

Material capable of making solar energy "amazingly cheap"

Solar panels made from long-known and cheaper than silicon material can generate the same amount of electrical energy as the solar panels used today.

Comparison of Elegaz and vacuum switches for medium voltage

The experience of the development of medium voltage switches, both elegase and vacuum, created sufficient evidence that none of these two technologies, in general, does not exceed the other. Deciding in favor of this or another technology stimulate economic factors, user preferences, national traditions, competence and special requirements.

Middle voltage and LS

Switching equipment of medium voltage in a metal package and categories of operational readiness loss (LSS) - categories, classification, examples.

What factors will affect the future of transformer manufacturers?

Regardless of whether you or sell electricity, or delivering power transformers outside the country, you are forced to deal with competition in the global market. There are three main categories of factors that will have an impact on the future of all manufacturers of transformers.

Future of medium voltage switching equipment

Smart networks seek to optimize the relationship between supply and supply of electricity. When integrating a larger number of distributed and renewable energy sources in one network. Is the medium voltage switching equipment ready to solve these tasks, or need to develop it further?

In search of replacement Eleginase

Elegeaz, has a number of useful characteristics, applied in various industries, in particular, is actively used in the high voltage electricity sector. However, Elegeaz has a significant disadvantage - this is powerful greenhouse gas. It is included in the list of six gases included in the Kyoto Protocol.

Benefits and Types of Krue

The electrical substation is preferably placed in the center of the load. However, often, the main obstacle to such a placement of the substation is the space required for it. This problem can be solved due to the use of KRRE technology.

Vacuum as an arc harvesting environment

Currently, in medium stresses, the exhausting technology in vacuo is dominated with respect to technologies using air, Elegaz, or oil. Usually, vacuum switches are safer, and more reliable in situations when the number of normal operations and operations serving short circuits is very large.

Choose a company and planning of thermal examination

If for you the idea of \u200b\u200ba thermal impetition of electrical equipment is new, then planning, searching for the performer, and identify the benefits that this technology can give is confused.

Most well-known high voltage isolation methods

The seven most common and well-known materials used as high-voltage insulation in electrical structures are driven. They indicate aspects that require special attention.

Five technologies for increasing the efficiency of electricity transmission and distribution systems

If you pay attention to the measures with the highest potential in improving energy efficiency, the transfer of electricity is inevitably inevitably.

Self-leveling networks come to Holland

Economic growth and increase in population increases to increase electricity demand, together with severe restrictions on the quality and reliability of energy supply, efforts are growing to ensure the integrity of the network. In the event of a refusal of networks, in front of their owners there is a task to minimize the consequences of these failures, reducing the failure of the failure, and the number of consumer disconnected from the network.

Equipment of high-voltage switches for each company is associated with significant investments. When the question arises about their maintenance or replacement, then it is necessary to consider all possible options.

Ways of developing safe, reliable and efficient industrial substations

The main factors that should be considered when developing electrical substations for the nutrition of industrial consumers are considered. Attention is drawn to some innovative technologies that can improve the reliability and efficiency of substations.

To compare the use of vacuum switches or fuse contactors in distribution networks of 6 ... 20 kV distribution networks, it is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of each of this shutdown technology.

AC generator switches

Playing an important role in protecting power plants, generator switches provide more flexible operation and allow you to find effective solutions to reduce investment costs.

View Through Switching Equipment

Radiographic inspection can help save time and money by reducing the amount of work. In addition, the time of the breakdowns and downtime of equipment from the client is reduced.

Electric substation thermal imaging

Elegaz in the electric power industry and its alternatives

In recent years, environmental issues have acquired a very large weight in society. Elegaz emissions from switching equipment is a serious component of climate change.

Hybrid switch

High-voltage switches belong to important electric power equipment used in electricity transmission networks to isolate the failure site from the working part of the electrical network. Thereby ensures the safe operation of the electrical system. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these two types of switches, and the need for a hybrid model.

Security and environmental friendliness of distribution equipment insulation

The purpose of this article is to cover the potential hazards for personnel and the environment associated with the same equipment, but not under voltage. The article is concentrated on switching and distribution equipment on voltage over 1000 V.

Functions and design of medium and high voltage switches

Advantages of DC in high-voltage lines

Despite the greater the propagation of AC during electrical energy transmission, in some cases, the use of a DC high voltage is preferable.

Types and designations of supports

Supports from various materials can be used on the WL.

For VL, the following types of support should be applied:

1) Intermediate, installed on direct sections of the voltage voltage. These supports in normal operating modes should not perceive the efforts directed along the VL;

2) Anchor, installed to limit anchor span, as well as in places of change of the number, grades and sections of wires VL. These supports should be perceived in the normal modes of efforts on the difference of wires, directed along the VL;

3) Corners installed in places to change the direction of the route VL. These supports at normal operation modes should perceive the resulting load from the removal of the wires of adjacent spans. Corner supports can be intermediate and anchor type;

4) End, installed at the beginning and end of the VL, as well as in places that limit cable inserts. They are supports of anchor type and should perceive in normal modes of operation of unilaterally all wires.

Depending on the quantity of the chains suspended on them, the supports are divided into monolators, two-charted and multi.

Supports can be performed by free-standing or with delay.

Intermediate supports can be flexible and rigid design; Anchor supports must be rigid. The use of anchor supports of flexible design for VL to 35 kV is allowed.

Supports on which branches are performed from VL are called branch; Supports on which the intersection of vl of different directions or the intersection of Wl with engineering structures is cross. These supports can be all specified types.

The designs of the supports must provide the ability to install:

• lamps of street lighting of all types;
• terminal cable couplings;
• protective devices;
• partitioning and switching devices;
• cabinets and plates for connecting electrical reception.

Types of support

P - intermediate;

PP - transition intermediate:

UP - angular intermediate:

A - anchor;

Pa - transient anchor;

AK - Anchor end:

K - end:

UA is an angular anchor;

Poua - transitional angular anchor;

AO - anchor branch;

This is a transient anchor branch;

Oh is a branch.

Nomenclature of reinforced concrete support LAP 10 kV

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

Kazan State Architectural and Construction University

Department of Geodesyia

Selected conditional signs

Methodical instructions

To perform settlement and graphic work with students of students in the direction of "Construction".

Kazan 2012.

Compilers: V.S. Borovsky., MG Ishmukhametova

Selected conditional signs. Methodical guidelines for performing settlement and graphic works by students of the 1st day of day learning in the direction of "Construction". Methodical instructions comply with the State General Education Standard.

Kazan State University Architectural and Construction.

Sost: V.S. Borovsky, M.G.Ishmukhametova

Kazan, 2012 - 17 p.

Ill. 90, Table 1.

Reviewer: SNS, Associate Professor, KFMN Department of Astronomy of the Kazan State University M.I.Shpekin

With Kazan State Architectural and Construction University

In "Favorite conventional signs for topographic plans of the scale of 1: 500 and 1: 1000" "are given the conditional signs of the most common circuits and subjects of the terrain. They must be learned and know students studying at the university." Favorite conventional signs "are used when performing settlement graphic works and during summer geodesic practice for drawing plans for theodolite, tacheometric surveys, leveling in squares.

To draw the topographic plans and cards of smaller scales, conditional signs are used, as a rule, similar to appearance on the symbols for the scale of 1: 500 - 1: 1000.

In the "Favorite Signs" in the first column served serial numbers. Conditional signs are selected from the official publication "Conditional signs for topographic plans of scale 1: 5000, 1: 2000, 1: 1000, 1: 500" - M.: Subraser, 2002, approved by the RUCS RUSSIA. In the second column, the names of conditional signs and explanations to them are given, and in the third - an image of various signs and sizes. When drawing plans, the size of the conditional signs must be observed, but not shown.

When drawing out the first-scale conventional signs, the image objects should be placed perpendicular to the southern frame of the plan.

The position of the object on the ground must match the following points of the nearest sign:

a) for the signs of the right form (circle, square, etc.) - the center of the sign;

b) for signs with a direct angle at the base - the top of the corner;

c) for signs in the form of a promising image of the object - the middle of the base of the sign.

To draw out the conditional signs on the plans and cards, the mascara and watercolor paints of different colors are used. Colors are shown in explanations to conditional signs. If there are no such explanations, the symptoms are depicted in black ink.

Selected conditional signs

for topographic plans

scale 1: 1000, 1: 500