The thickness of the load-bearing wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks. The thickness of the bearing and internal walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, reviews of builders

The thickness of the wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks directly depends on the type of masonry, of which there are about four today. Each of them is selected according to the climatic conditions of the location of the object, the intensity of the operation of the building. In capital construction, not only expanded clay concrete blocks are used. Ideal building materials are also bricks, foam blocks, cinder blocks, shaped aerated concrete. The thickness of the masonry depends on the requirements for thermal insulation, thermophysical characteristics of the insulation.

Types of masonry

The thickness of the wall made of ceramic blocks in the first version of the masonry is formed by the combination of the dimensional parameters of the load-bearing wall, the inner layer of plaster and the outer layer of insulation.

Block walls with insulation

The thickness of the wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks in different types of masonry is a structure with high thermophysical characteristics. The inner and outer parts of the three-layer wall are connected with reinforcing rods, which ensure the stability and strength of the structure

In the process of building residential or industrial buildings, the issues of exchanging air masses into premises should be resolved, since the wall block material with insulation does not quite cope with the task at hand. The accumulated condensate reduces the thermal insulation properties of the insulation, contributes to the formation of pathogenic microorganisms.

To determine what thickness of a wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks is suitable for central Russia, you should pay attention to the recommendations of specialists: single-layer, 40-60 mm. The density of hollow elements (with sealed or through voids) should not be lower than 800-1000 kg / m 3. The density of monolithic blocks must exceed 1000 kg / m 3.

When working on site, it is necessary to take into account the interaction of materials not only with each other, but also with the entire structure as a whole.

Any thickness of walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks needs protection from the transfer of thermal energy from the room to the outside through the walls. In the process of solving the problem, a number of conditions are taken into account that make it possible to extend the life of the building.

Dense texture materials should be located closer to the inner part of the wall surface. Porous blocks should be placed on the outside to prevent the formation of condensation on the insulation.

In three-layer masonry, the inner wall must exceed the thickness of the outer wall.

The vapor barrier membrane is installed on the seamy side of the insulation located on the outside of the inner wall.

For an example of calculating the thickness of a load-bearing wall made of a claydite-concrete block, you can consider the Moscow region. Using the mathematical formula δ = R reg x λ, where R reg is Moscow and the Moscow region (3 - 3.1) with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.19 W / (m * ⁰ C), we get the result: δ = 3 x 0.19 = 0.57 m.

The construction of walls from blocks based on expanded clay concrete is characterized by a number of advantages, among which are:

high strength indicators;
powerful thermal insulation properties;
simplicity and perfect quality of finishing, etc.

The technology of laying with the use of jute tape, which is placed in the space between the inner and outer strips of the mortar, guarantees the prevention of the appearance of "cold bridges". The popular material is used in almost all countries, in whatever climatic zone they are.

Blocks of the Aleksinsky plant for walls 0.4 and 0.6 m thick

It is possible to squeeze out the maximum advantages from the use of expanded clay concrete blocks with the correct determination of the thickness of the walls. Sometimes construction features require the use of retaining walls in the masonry, in addition to blocks based on expanded clay concrete, bricks and blocks of a different type. You need to know exactly what the thermal insulation characteristics of the walls of the object should be.

The most common are two solutions: retaining walls made of blocks based on expanded clay concrete are built with a thickness of 0.4 or 0.6 m (without internal plaster and external finishing).

Thickness of 0.4 meters can be achieved using lightweight aggregate blocks with dimensions 390: 190: 188 mm solid (M75 F50 D1300) and 2 hollow (M25 F35 D800), 4 (M35 F35 D900) and 8-slotted (M35 F35 D900) type.

When creating walls with a thickness of 0.6 meters, 6-slot hollow expanded clay concrete blocks of the format 300x390x188 or 600x390x188 mm should be used. When installing partitions, you can use blocks of the M75 D1300 brand of 120x390x188 format or hollow PKC 80 and 90 mm thickness - 390x90 (80) x188.

Everything that is required to solve construction problems is present in the range of expanded clay concrete blocks of the Aleksin plant.

About the nuances of choosing a thickness

The thickness of the walls, which should be adhered to in a particular region of the country, is indicated to the designers by the appropriate standards. In the Central Organ of the Russian Federation, for the walls of residential buildings it is recommended with a certain margin the thickness norm of 64 cm, for other buildings - 0.4 m. The parameter above 0.6 m is somewhat overestimated against the calculated data. A simple formula takes into account the values of 2 coefficients:

thermal conductivity "λ";
heat transfer resistance "Rreg".

The thickness of the retaining walls δ = Rreg (3.0-3.1 in the Central Organ of the Russian Federation) x λ (0.19) = 0.57 m ...

It is one of the types of concrete. Recently, this material has become increasingly used for various jobs: the construction of cottages, outbuildings, garages, etc. Also, expanded clay concrete is used to fill the frame of multi-storey buildings erected from reinforced concrete. Expanded clay concrete is so popular that it is used in almost all countries of the world, or rather, already made blocks of expanded clay concrete are used.

Order expanded clay concrete blocks on favorable terms by calling us by phones:

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Those who have not yet been able to appreciate all the advantages of expanded clay concrete are already beginning to celebrate them. Those who decide to start building a house from this material should carefully study the issue regarding the thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks.

Let's figure out why this nuance is so important.

Dependence of thickness on the type of masonry

The thickness of the wall, erected by blocks of expanded clay concrete, primarily depends on the choice of the type of masonry. In turn, each type depends on the weather and climate. It is also necessary to consider how much the building will be used. In capital construction, other building materials can also be used: bricks, cinder blocks or foam blocks. The thickness of the walls of the future building will also depend on what kind of thermal insulation of the room will be needed. In addition, you need to take into account the thermal conductivity and moisture-repellent indicators of the material used.

Depending on which masonry option is chosen, the thickness of the walls will be calculated. In this case, both the inner and outer layers of plaster, with which the walls are finished, are also considered.

Masonry options:

The first option: the retaining wall is built from blocks of 390/190/200 mm in size. In this case, the blocks are laid with a thickness of 400 mm, without taking into account the inner layers of plaster.
The second option: the load-bearing wall is laid in blocks of 590 x 290 x 200 mm. In such a situation, the size of the wall should be 600 mm, and the resulting voids in the blocks are filled with insulation.
The third option: when using blocks of expanded clay concrete with a size of 235 by 500 and 200 mm, the resulting wall will be 500 mm. In addition, plaster layers on both sides of the wall are added to the calculations.

Influence of thermal conductivity

Block diagram of expanded clay concrete.

Before starting any construction work, you need to calculate the thermal conductivity coefficient, since it is of great importance for the durability of the structure. The obtained coefficient is necessary for calculating the thickness of walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks. Thermal conductivity is a characteristic of a material that speaks of the ability to transfer heat from warm to cold objects.

In calculations, this material characteristic is shown through a certain coefficient, which takes into account the parameters of the objects between which heat exchange occurs, as well as the time and amount of heat. From the coefficient, you can find out how much heat can be transferred in one hour from one object to another, while the size of the objects is 1m2 (area) per 1m2 (thickness).

Different characteristics affect the thermal conductivity of a material in different ways. These characteristics include: size, composition, type and presence of voids in the material. Also, the air temperature and humidity affect the thermal conductivity. For example, porous materials have low thermal conductivity.

During the construction of each specific house, its own thickness of future walls is measured. It can vary depending on the purpose of the building. For the construction of a residential building, the thickness of the walls must be exactly 64 cm, which is prescribed in special norms and rules for construction work. But, some think differently, and I make a load-bearing wall only 39cm in thickness. In fact, such calculations are suitable only if for a summer house, garage or country cottage.

Example of calculating wall thickness

The calculation must be very accurate. It is necessary to take into account the best thickness of the walls erected from expanded clay concrete material. In order to make an accurate calculation, you need to use a special formula.

To do this, you need to know only two quantities: the coefficient of thermal conductivity and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer.

The first value is indicated by "λ" and the second "Rreg". The value of the resistance coefficient is influenced by such a factor as the weather conditions of the area where construction work will be carried out. You can determine such a coefficient according to building rules and regulations.

The thickness of the future wall is indicated by “δ”. And the formula for calculating it will look like this:

δ = Rreg x λ

For example, you can calculate the required wall thickness to build a building in Moscow or the Moscow region. The heat transfer resistance coefficient for this area has already been calculated and is approximately 3-3.1. The thickness of the block itself can be any, for example, take 0.19 W. After calculating the above formula, we get the following:

δ = 3 x 0.19 = 0.57 m.

That is, the thickness of the walls should be 57 cm.

Most experienced builders advise to erect walls with a thickness of 40 to 60 cm, provided that the building is located in the central regions of Russia.

Thus, having calculated a simple formula, it is possible to build such walls that will ensure not only the safety of the structure, but also its strength and durability. Having completed such a simple action, you can build a truly strong and reliable house.

Expanded clay concrete is one of the types of concrete. Recently, it has become quite often used in construction work: the construction of cottages, outbuildings, garages. It is also used to fill the frame for multi-storey buildings that are built of reinforced concrete.
This material has become so popular that it is already difficult to imagine a country in which it would not have been used by builders. More precisely, pre-made expanded clay concrete wall blocks are used.
The thickness of the surface finished with expanded clay concrete block mainly depends on which type of masonry you choose. Each option, in turn, depends on the weather and climatic conditions. It also takes into account how much the building is exploited. When the construction is capital, then often not only one blocks of expanded clay concrete can be used. In addition, bricks, foam-cinder blocks are used. The thickness of the future masonry will depend on what kind of insulation is required for a particular building. It will also take into account the various heat-conducting and moisture-repellent characteristics of the insulation.
Depending on the choice of masonry, you will calculate the thickness of the walls, which is made with ceramic blocks. Moreover, the outer and inner layers of finishing plaster applied to the wall will be taken into account:
The first option: if the supporting wall is lined in blocks of 390: 190: 200 millimeters, then the masonry must be laid with a thickness of 400 millimeters, not counting the layers of internal plaster and insulation that is located outside.
Second option: if the structure of the load-bearing wall consists of blocks of 590: 290: 200 millimeters in size, then the wall should be exactly 600 millimeters. In this case, it is worth filling special voids in the blocks between the walls with insulation.
The third option: if you decide to use an expanded clay concrete block with a size of 235: 500: 200 millimeters, then the wall thickness will be 500 millimeters. Plus add layers of plaster to the calculations on both sides of the wall.
Thermal conductivity is a property of a material that characterizes the process of heat transfer from warm objects to cool ones. Everyone knows this from physics lessons.
Thermal conductivity in calculations is expressed through a special coefficient. It takes into account the parameters of bodies between which heat is transferred, the amount of heat, and time. This coefficient shows how much heat can be transferred during one hour from one body to another, which are one meter thick and one square meter of area.
The different characteristics have their own effect on the thermal conductivity of each material. These include the size, type, presence of voids in a material or substance, and its chemical composition. Humidity and air temperature also affect this process. For example, low thermal conductivity is observed in porous materials and substances.
For each specific building, its own wall thickness is measured. It changes depending on the purpose of the building. For a residential building, the thickness rate will be exactly 64 centimeters. This is all spelled out in special building codes and regulations. True, some think differently: that the load-bearing wall of a residential building can be 39 centimeters thick. In fact, such calculations are more suitable for a summer house, country cottage, garage, buildings for household purposes. It is possible to erect interior trims with a wall of this thickness.
Calculation example
The moment of making an accurate calculation is very important. It is necessary to take into account the optimal thickness of the walls, which are made of expanded clay concrete blocks. Use a very simple one-step formula to achieve the result.
Builders need to know two quantities to solve this formula. The first thing to know is the thermal conductivity coefficient, which was mentioned earlier. In the formula, it is written through the sign "λ". The second value that needs to be taken into account is the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer. This value depends on many factors, for example, on the weather conditions of the area where the building is located. The terrain in which the building will then be used is also an important factor. This value in the formula will look like "Rreg". It can be determined by building codes and regulations.
The value in the formula that we need to find, namely the thickness of the wall under construction, we denote by the sign "δ". As a result, the formula will look like this:
As a result, after solving this formula:
δ = 3 x 0.19 = 0.57 m.
we understand that the thickness of the walls should be 57 centimeters.
δ = Rreg x λ
To give an example, you can calculate the thickness of a wall under construction in the city of Moscow and its region. The Rreg value for this region of the country has already been calculated, officially established in special building rules and regulations. Thus, it is 3-3.1. And the size of the walls can be taken as an example, any, since you will already calculate your own on the spot. The thickness of the block can be completely different. For example, it will be possible to take 0.19 W / (m * ⁰С).
Experienced builders, experts recommend making the wall thickness from forty to sixty centimeters, if the building will be located in such central regions of Russia as Moscow, St. Petersburg.

The use of expanded clay concrete in the construction of external walls, partitions and ceilings is a common practice; this masonry material is valued for its strength, good insulating properties, compliance with safety standards and stability of characteristics. The thickness of building structures, the size and number of blocks is determined by a calculation that takes into account their functional purpose and performance indicators of a particular brand. In this case, the main reference point is the manufacturer's data and the requirements of SNIP 23-02-2003.

To calculate this value in relation to structures in contact with the external environment or areas with different temperature conditions, a simple formula is used: δ = R re g empirically and depending on the climatic conditions of the region and the type of premises (unheated or residential). For the Moscow region, its official value varies within 3-3.1 m² · ° C / W, Murmansk and the northern strip - 3.63, southern cities - 2.3.

The exact value for a specific large settlement is taken from tables, it is considered averaged over the region and is suitable for use in calculations to determine the thickness of walls for nearby objects.

Taking into account this parameter and the approximate thermal conductivity of blocks with a strength class of at least B3.5 within 0.19-0.21 W / m In practice, the value of this indicator is always higher, the recommended minimum for these regions is 64 cm.The deviation downward is permissible only for rarely used buildings: baths, summer cottages, garages or workshops; to protect the facades of such objects from freezing, it is advised to cover the facades of such objects with a 5 cm layer of insulation ...

When calculating the thickness of partitions, the key factors are the acoustic comfort requirements and their expected self-supporting capacities. If there is no need to mount heavy furniture or equipment on them, a standard minimum of 190 mm will be sufficient, provided that elements with good sound absorption are used - hollow or lightweight, based on highly porous expanded clay granules. If a simple division of the internal space is required, thinner products (90-100 mm) are used. When the load-bearing partitions are laid, the width is increased to 40 cm.

Factors influencing the thickness of the wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks

Based on the foregoing, the dimensions directly depend on two criteria: the climatic conditions of operation (the greater the difference between the temperature outside and the specified range inside, the higher the value of the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer) and the thermal conductivity of the material. In the case of expanded clay concrete, the latter is closely related to the density grade, size, number of voids and degree of moisture. Optimal thermal insulation values have slotted stones with a specific gravity of up to 700-1200 kg / m3, the worst ones are solid ones with a high proportion of heavy sand and small granules in the composition.

At first glance, it is very easy to reduce the thickness - by using lightweight and hollow blocks. But due to the inevitable decrease in strength, this method is only suitable for partitions and frame houses, but not for external main walls. As a result, when erecting a building in a cold climate, the developer has two options: to make the thickness within the design limits, thereby increasing the load on the base, or to insulate. The second is recognized as more effective, depending on the place and method of location of the thermal insulation layer, they are distinguished:

Well masonry from two parallel walls of the same size from expanded clay blocks, connected by reinforcement. The advantage of this option is the ability to use as a heater as bulk materials or solidified foams with low density, and board varieties.
Three-layer with external thermal insulation and subsequent cladding with bricks or partitions made of expanded clay concrete. The difference from the previous scheme lies in a different way of attaching the insulation and a thinner outer wall.
Systems with ventilated facades attached to single-row masonry. This option is one of the most popular, with a standard thickness of elements, its width varies within 20 cm. This allows several times to reduce the weight load on the foundation and make it less massive. In such cases, the insulation always has a rigid and slab shape, the crate for fastening the cladding is laid in advance.
Walls with a thickness of 20-40 cm (in 1 or 1.5 blocks, respectively), without porous or fibrous insulation, covered on one or both sides with a thick layer of heat-insulating plaster.

The nuances of laying products from expanded clay concrete

After determining the dimensions of the structures and choosing the method of dressing (single-layer in half a block, in a block, two connected walls with insulation in the middle, or other options), it is recommended to make an accurate diagram, taking into account the thickness of the seams and the need for reinforcement. The calculation of the number of elements and the volume of the joint mortar is carried out in advance, as the latter, classic cement-sand or specialized ready-made mixtures are selected. It is advisable to carry out installation work in the warm season, the base under the rows is reliably insulated from soil moisture with roll materials and a 20-30 mm layer of CPR.