Pour floors with clay. Wet technology screed with clay

An integral part of the overhaul of floors is their alignment. For finishing coating (parquet, laminate, floor tiles), perfectly smooth floors are required. There are situations where the floor level should be raised to a height of up to 20 cm. If you pour all this volume with concrete, the overlap may not withstand such a load. In such situations, the perfect solution is to make a tight floor with a clay.

What is ceramzit

Ceramzite is an artificial building material obtained from clay or clay slate by firing in special furnaces - drums. The size of the granules (fraction) of the ceramisitis is from 0.5 to 40 mm. Easy and porous, it was applied not only in construction, but also as a decorative material.

Ceramzite granules have high strength and durability, they are insensitive to temperature drops, have excellent noise absorbing and thermal insulation properties.

That is why the ceramzite is used as the insulation of foundations and inter-storey floors, especially the first floors.

Important ! For reliable insulation of the floor, the clamzite layer should be at least 10 cm.

Preparation

Before making directly the floor with a clamisite, it is necessary to carry out some preparatory activities.

Stage First

First of all, it is necessary to prepare the basis, remove the old flooring and remove the old cement screed (if there is such). It follows to the slab of the overlap. If there are wires laid by the floor, they should be put on corrugation. All joints, gaps and recesses should be embedded, for example, by mounting foam or gypsum mixture.

Stage two

Now it is necessary to mark the markup and the installation of beacons on the premises where the floor screed will be made. The most quickly and convenient to make it a laser level, but the hydroelectric system is suitable. The location of beacons in each case is determined in place.

Establishment lights by tags. The first lighthouse is set at a short distance from the floor level, which is taken as a basis (zero level), and not too far from the wall. Material for the lighthouse can serve in advance prepared wooden dies and other rebunny material. Subsequent lighthouses should be installed taking into account the size of the rules that the screed will be made. You can install beacons both on the gypsum solution and on the adhesive mixture. After installing extreme lighthouses, the following can also be set using a level.

Some calculations

For sale in construction stores Keramzit facing bags. The usual bag of this material weighs about 20 kg, and 1 cubic meter weighs approximately 400 kg. It turns out in one bag of 0.05 m³ (20: 400). If you need to insulate the floor, for example, in the room 15 m², then you will need 15 × 0.1 \u003d 1.5 m³ of insulation, which is 30 bags (1.5 / 0.05). Naturally, with an increase in the layer of frustration, the required amount of clay increases.

Cement screed on a layer of clay

Now we have everything ready for filling with clay. It is necessary to evenly plan the material over the entire area so that the space remains to the upper edge of the beacon, approximately 2.5 - 4 cm.

After the uniform distribution of the layer of claymps, it should be shedding the primary tie - cement milk made of water and cement. You can add some sand. The resulting mass should be sufficiently liquid to spread freely, and at the same time sufficiently thick enough, so as not to leak through the ceramzite. Such a fill is made in order to bore the top layer. Firstly, it will be possible to walk, and in the second, when the solution is pouring the solution, water will not go deep, and dry as it should.

Attention ! After having, work will have to stop at about 12 hours to give dry cement layer.

Some masters make a little different. Gradually, the clayzit is also gradually poured him with milk.

After the cement milk dried, it is recommended to lay a chain grid for reinforcement. After that, you can proceed directly to the floor screed. You can use the stores ready-made dry mixes, and you can cook with your own hands from cement and sand at a 1: 3 ratio.

Important ! Use for the preparation of cement - sand mixture should be cement grade not lower than m 400.

Starting the floor follows from a long corner, gradually moving towards the exit, moving the screed by the Rule of Lighthouses. After completing the work throughout the area, the solution must be given time to grab, at least a day. After that, it is desirable to periodically moisten the screed within a week, after which you can start finishing work.

It should be noted that the method of screeding of the floor with their own handles with its own clamps is semi-like methods, and is not the only one.

Adding Ceramizit to Solution

Consider another way - wet floor screed with clay.

The main difference in this method of filling the floor is that the ceramzite is mixed with the solution, the best in the concrete mixer. This wins considerable time. Let's wonder in stages.

The first stage. Preparation of the base is no different from the previous method.

Stage second. Here the differences are already beginning, since waterproofing is required when using this method. There are several options.

Hydroizol with a soldering lamp.
Special liquid mastic with brushes. Applied to the floor and the wall slightly above the alleged level of the screed. After drying, the second layer is applied.
The fastest and simple method is to eliminate the floor with a conventional dense polyethylene film with a margin on the walls and overlap. Film joints should be stuck wide.

Attention ! It should be remembered that any waterproofing work is performed on a purified dry surface!

Stage Third. Marking with a laser level, the installation of beacons by marks and guides is no different from the usual way of screed.

Stage fourth. Preparation of ceramzitobetone:

ceramzit falls asleep in the concrete mixer and poured with water, thoroughly mixed;
excess water are poured;
cement is falling asleep - the sand mixture is falling asleep and stirred to a homogeneous state.

The proportions of the clay and cement mixture are determined in place by experimentally. The finished solution should be sufficiently "fat", homogeneous and without lumps.

The concrete prepared in this way is poured on the prepared surface and is recreated in the same way, not reaching 2 - 3 cm. To the upper edge of the beacon. The advantage of this film screed technology with clay is the fact that concrete can be poured into small areas, and at once on top of it to make a "clean" screed with a solution. This significantly saves total time to work.

Important ! You need to pull the first screed card carefully and several times, until the surface becomes perfectly smooth, without puddle, holes and other defects.

If you fulfill everything neat and responsible, then the end is the surface ready for any finish coating.

Dry screed

Applied clayjit and for a dry tie of the floor. Such a screed is made by experienced masters for the watch. The simplicity of the method of laying will allow you to make it and with your own hands as soon as possible. In addition to the simplicity and speed of laying, this method has other advantages.

When laying a dry screed, water does not apply, which eliminates the dirt in the apartment, a bunch of sand and puddling water with risk to pour their neighbors.
Maximum ease of design. Since the cement mortar does not apply, such a screed weighs a bit, which becomes important when heating floors in old houses with wooden inter-storey overlaps.
Hidden communications. The use of clay as a dry backfill is ideal for hiding under the floor of various pipes of both water supply and sewage systems.

However, with all this, it did not cost completely without minuses of such a method of insulation of floors. Such a design is recommended for laying in dry rooms, since the fear of moisture is the main drawback of the dry screed.

You can get acquainted in more detail with the stages of laying a dry screed with a clayman from the video.

Ceramzite - material widely used in the construction industry, both in the industrial sector and in private. In many cases, for the device flooring in residential and non-residential premises use a ceramzite-concrete tie.

In our article we will analyze in detail how competently and do it yourself make the floor consisting of a ceramzite-concrete screed and intended for warm water floors. As an example, consider the kitchen boardboard in a private house.

Cerazy concrete floor flooring

We dismantle the old floor, prepare the basis

Remove the old boarding coating together with the lags, for this we use the girlfriend tools of the hammer, electric saw, nail.

For this particular case, a warm water floor device will include:

Screed with water heating pipe;
Multifalgu;
Draft floor with clay;
Leveling sanding from sand.

In the first part we will analyze how to properly make a subftitude of sand and perform a rough ceramzite floor.

After mounting the floor boards, it is necessary to make lags.
After that, we get the floor of the rammed soil. It is necessary to accurately calculate the level on which the corresponding layers will be located. All the remains of the broken brick and the solution remain in place, the backfall will be performed directly on them.
To determine the floor level, a special laser level is used..

Two marks are made on the wall. One under a tie for a warm floor is not less than 6 cm, and the second under the insulation of the ceramisitis is 5-10 cm.
After that, you need to walk around the room and put mark on the level of the first floor. Marks will be needed for additional checks when the lighthouse profiles will be installed.
After the markup, we get to the filling of the floor with sand, which will be the foundation. When snowing sand, the landmark will be the lower mark.
Evenly distribute sand throughout the floor area and tamper it, as it should be done with the help of a manual homemade traam.
After which the floorproofing is performed. For this purpose, you can use a conventional polyethylene film of high density. The edges of the film must enter the side walls of at least 30 cm. In some cases, special waterproofing materials are used for these purposes.

Installation of Mayakov

To install metal beacons, chopped foam block cubes can be served as a base.

The initial cubes are installed from each other at a distance of at least 1 m. Based on the width of the room and the length of the rules, three or more lines of lighthouse profiles will be required.

A metallic lighthouse is installed on the cube with a height of 1 cube. In the fields of beans, a cube is also installed. Conditions of lighthouses are necessary for dusting.

For proper docking, the lighthouse profiles are superimposed on each other in the direction of the future movement of the rule. And now we will proceed to align the lighthouses in terms of level, for this we use a long level, we guide it to the mark, which means starting with pipes.

To accurately put lighthouses by level, we will use small plywood lining. It is worth noting that it is convenient to use long levels in order to align three lighthouse at once. But in case the width of the room is narrow, then you can align consistently every couple of lighthouses.

If you need to slightly lower the lighthouse, then you need to move a little and burst out until the required level is obtained. When the beginning of all three lighthouses are exhibited by level, we can start their fasteners.

Fasteners are performed by conventional self-draws. In places where a wooden lining was used, we also spin self-tapping screws.

Now we can proceed to the longitudinal alignment of the first line of beacons. According to the plan of water warm floor, we need to perform a draft floor with a slight bias.

The drop must be up to 5 mm on 1m length. Next, we perform level alignment, as before using special lining and slightly combing cubes in the sand if necessary.

We consistently we spend these operations with three lighthouse lines. Note that no more than 1 hour will go to high-quality alignment.

This proposed method of installing beacons is well suited for the floor of the floor from the ceramisit. At the end of the alignment in the interval between the main cubes, we install additional.

Note: Cutting reinforced concrete diamond circles is performed using a special powerful machine with solid alloys nozzles.

It is time to prepare a clay. We will use a wet method of laying a draft floor from clay. For this, the grainsite granules are mixed with a small amount of cement-sandy solution.

This method allows to obtain a more homogeneous and sturdy floor, which is more suitable for our purposes. After all, we have to pour over the concrete slab with water heating pipes.

The composition of the ceramzite concrete for the floor includes concrete and actually the clamzit itself. The proportions of the ceramzite concrete for the floor, the following: 1 bucket of sand, 2 kg of cement and 2-3 liters of water are mixed on the clamzite bag.

The use of a concrete mixer allows you to thoroughly mix the grains with a solution. Prepared solution with claying something like casinaks and after drying it will be difficult to sell it.

Floating Keramzita

We lay out the prepared solution with the clamzite on the basis and smoothing, starting with the corners. We fall asleep with clay and smoothing the bandwidth to 1 m wide.

We draw your attention to that up to the top level of beacons remains about 1.5 cm. This space must be filled with a prepared cement-sandy solution. Let's post it on top of the ceramisit.

For these purposes, you can use dry ready-made mixes or make a solution yourself. We distribute the solution to the trumpet along the entire surface.

Now we use the rule and the lighthouses are well shijack. At this stage, it is important to prevent irregularities, for example, discover the tubercles.

Note that at this stage we will not need perfect evenness, the floor should simply be even, that is, correspond to the height of the beacons.

So, the screed on the claymzite floor is made.

On a note!
Diamond drilling of holes in concrete is performed using metal crowns of different diameters consisting of solid alloy.

Please note that the line of beacons is cleaned from the solution, it is necessary in order to easily remove beacons from the screed.

As mentioned earlier, on the plan it was necessary to ensure a slightly slope of the floor aside from the battery to the inverse tube. After a couple of days, when the scumping snack can be started to dismantle the lighthouses, it is enough to unscrew the screws to which they were fixed.

Note that together with the light, it is also necessary to remove wooden lining. Next, the gaps that remained after dismantling the lighthouses need to be cleaned with a brush and close the cement-sandy solution.

The sealing operation is reduced to a thoroughness of the solution. This method allows you to preserve the uniformity of the screed and reuse metal lighthouses.

When the gaps in the smeared, let's give her to dry, it will take at least a week. A draft ceramzite-concrete floor is ready, as you can see, it was quite easy to make it yourself.

We hope our step-by-step article is useful to you. As a visual example, you can watch the video in this article, just describing all the steps on the floor under consideration.

It is impossible to present high-quality repairs without impeccably smooth floor - the pledge of the subsequent technically proper laying of the coating. In turn, with gross mistakes of builders and substantial drops of lower surfaces, the installation of door structures and drywall partitions is hampered, and a variety of tricks are required when finishing the walls. How to create a smooth surface and get rid of possible errors? The answer to this question will be a floor screed with a clayman that allows you to achieve not only impeccable alignment, but also to increase the insulation characteristics. Ceramzite reduces sound oscillations and perfectly protects against heat loss, which reduces costs in the winter season and do without air conditioning - in summer.

When the floor screed is used with clay

Floor tie with claymzite is rational to use in such cases:

The difference in the floor level in a room exceeding 10 cm.
reinforced concrete or concrete slabs lying at the base for laying floor.
The presence of an outdoor coating that does not allow draft gender flaws from which its appearance and quality (floating floors of natural materials, ceramic tiles, parquet or even practical linoleum) are suffering.
Installation of an infrared or electrical heating system.
The need to reduce the consumption of the cement mortar.
Enhance sound insulation.
Placing communications in the lower floor overlap.

The screed with clay is perfectly combined with ease and strength. Ceramzite granules, crushed stone, sand and their totality minimizes the load on the overlap. Due to the low specific weight of the material, the floor adequates the static and dynamic load, so that during many years of intensive operation, the quality does not suffer completely.

The priority of the ceramisite is due to the specifics of its production. Its material is the lifeline finely dispersed clay, foamed in a special way, exposed to high-temperature firing. The result becomes the resulting light faces that have a durable outer shell that does not pass moisture. Low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal insulation qualities are explained by the presence of cavities and air bubbles. By the way, they also explains the small proportion.

According to the criteria of the fractional size and the presence of acute corrugated elements, clamzite is presented:

sand, particles of which up to 5 mm, obtained after the burned amorphous mass is sieved;
gravel with its rounded and oval particles up to 40 mm in diameter;
rubble with angular particles up to 40 mm in diameter.

Often, a fractional mixture is used for such a screed, due to which the insulating-leveling layer increases its density. And since usually a claymzite layer covers the bulk floor, dry-fiber sheets or other material for alignment, the magnitude and configuration of the particles are absolutely not important. True, to minimize the weight of the structure, do not use clay sand, since if the material laying density increases, the weight also increases. But in some cases, for example, when the piece parquet is stacked, an exceptionally small-cell material is required.

Figure shows the floor leveling process using clay sand

If you have to deal with the most difficult plot, it is better to use clay sand as giving the most insignificant shrinkage.

In modern construction, repair and restoration work, three ways of screed are used:

alignment and insulation of the floor using clay and cement-sandy solution;
installation of bulk sex using clay aggregate;
dry tie with clay.

Consider each of them more details.

Alignment and insulation of the floor using clay and cement and sandy solutions

To align the draft floor, you can contact a construction and repair organization, and you can, without waiting for specialists, to fulfill this simple, but time-consuming process yourself, purchasing the desired amount of materials. To do this, it is important to correctly calculate the costs, relying on the data given in the manufacturer's instructions. Knowing technical information about the material and area of \u200b\u200bthe aligned floor, it is easy to calculate the need for material and make an approximate estimate.

Floor alignment is traditionally begins with dismantling outdoor coverage and preparation of the treated area. Paul disassembled to the base, and then remove the construction trash. Carefully cleaned the holes in the floor, and the cables in it and wires are wrapped with polyethylene. Polyethylene insulation spikes are tightly wrapped with scotch, protecting them from crumbs, dust or mortar.

The next stage is the waterproofing of the base, applicable as well as when laying bulk floors. Here you can take advantage of special mastic, but, as a rule, a polyethylene film is used, isolan or hydroize. With the help of waterproofing materials

a damper layer is created between the wall and the screed;
prevents the adhesion of the solution with construction materials, often leading to cracking of the cement screed when drying;
the transmission of sound waves coming from the screed to partitions and carrier structures is reduced.

Without waterproofing, it is impossible to do, if you have to cover the heat insulation, laying the parquet, process the overlaps in contact with the basement. Laying of rolled heat-insulating materials by 15 cm exceeds the placed screed level. After working on the flooring device will be completed, the materials are cut at the top plane level.

At the last stage, lighthouses are exhibited - surface alignment beams at one level. For this helm, you can use ordinary self-draws or special metal t-shaped metal devices, specially designed to arrange a screed. The correct grift is easily done using an inexpensive laser level or, at worst, elementary homemade hydroelectric background made from a transparent hose. Lighthouses are set in accordance with the marks left on the walls in the process of marking.

The screed with clay is poured in two ways:

at first there is a refusion, the rampant and alignment of the clay aggregate, the surface of which should not reach the floor level marked by the beacons. The distance from the ceramzite layer should not be more than 2 cm. Then all the treated area is poured with cement "milk", fixing clay granules. After they solidify, it is possible to pour them with cement mortar, which includes sophisticated sand and marking cement M-4. To eliminate errors with proportions, you can use the finished mixture for the screed;
at first, the ceramzite is introduced into the solution, kneading it with a construction mixer. To make it easy to apply the mixture, the floor with beacons are divided into segments that are consistently processed. The laid out of the ceramic mixture is recompulted by a rules tool, and cement is added to the scene of the pits and puddle.

But in any case, the tie of the floor spend, starting with any of the walls and moving towards the doorway. And both ways are suitable to arrange a draft floor under any floor covering.

Installation of a bulk sex with a clamping aggregate

With the help of bulk floors, you can form a perfectly smooth surface due to the ability of the composition to spontaneous alignment. Fully such a floor solidifies the maximum in a week, which is twice the faster of the previous way. Currently, a ready-made mixture with a clamzite for a liquid floor device, which includes additives, which improves the characteristics of the floor design. In the absence of the finished composition, the screed begins with a uniform distribution of the scattered area of \u200b\u200bthe ceramisit. Putting the ceramzite on a dry base, it is not necessary to carry out waterproofing. Thought and leveled as in the previous method, the material is covered with polyethylene film or new insulation. Everybody is poured with a solution from which the excess air has a needle roller.

Dry screed with clay

Such a screed is the most fast, cheap and practical. The following steps include work on it:

marking of the future floor height;
laying the waterproofing layer on the base;
fastening of the defamine film around the perimeter of the floor being processed;
failure, dummy and alignment of the ceramic layer;
mounting on top of the gypsite gypsite sheets, processing the butt compounds with PVC glue and fixing elements with self-tapping screws.

Conducted to support technological requirements and building standards of work allow for a long time to last the floor under it communicating systems and flooring. This floor for a long time does not need cosmetic and overhaul.

Video - clamping floor

Ceramzit for a dry band screed is an excellent material that greatly simplifies the process of alignment with a minimum budget, time and amount of labor. About how to make a light tie with your own hands, you will learn from our article.

Floor screed is in any case a labor-intensive process that requires time and strength. However, the features of the ceramisite make it possible to get the best result for a relatively short period of time.

Ceramzit itself is durable, reliable, lightweight, easy to use and completely environmentally friendly material. It has excellent indicators of sound and thermal insulation. The material is a baked clay, which due to the effects of high temperatures is compacted and hardens.

For you, it will be needed primarily in order to raise the floor level to the desired height, insulate it and consolidate it significantly. Screed floor with clayzit is much more efficient than sand and cement solution. Basically, due to the fact that it is capable of passing the right amount of steam and air.

Among the main advantages are the following:

resistance to high and low temperatures;
the ability to use in any residential or commercial premises;
ceramzite does not ignite, does not rot, it weighs little;
the ability to level even strong irregularities with which the remaining mixtures will not cope;
easy to fulfill the screed even without additional skills.

When do you need Pouring Floor with a clamzit?

Parts are frequent when no alternative except for clay simply fit:

It is necessary to process a plot that exceeds 15 centimeters in height. Cement mortar in this case will cost much more expensive, and its strength will be an order of magnitude lower.
When it is impossible, so that the screed is strongly added the weight of the building due to a weak foundation.
The presence of wooden floors (along with the clamzite is also recommended to use foam as a heavyweight heat insulator).
If you do not have a big budget for repair and want to spend less on the materials used.

How the floor screed occurs with their own clamzit. Preparatory stage and miscalculation of materials

Instruments:

level;
construction mixer;
line;
rope;
rake and profiles;
rule.

Materials:

ceramzit;
sand;
cement;
water.

Initially, you need to get rid of the old coating and bring the basis to the right state - remove the construction trash, clean from foreign objects.

disassemble the old floor;
speaching or sweep the fine garbage;
clean insignificant holes available in the cement.

As in most modern construction works, everything starts with marking. Initially, decide on which height will be lifted by the floor, set the beacons around the perimeter. The step between beacons should be up to a meter. All rails need to be set exactly in terms of level.

Important! If the screed is held in all rooms, follow the level to be the same.

Initially, you need to determine the highest point of the floor. To do this, you can use the laser level (it is more convenient and faster with it). If it is not, you can replace it with usual water. But in this case you will need to use the rope to designate the level with all the accuracy.

Lights. Exhibit from the top point. At the highest point, your screed width in most cases will not exceed 5-6 millimeters, gradually increasing in lower sections of the room. To fix beacons, you can use gypsum or cement mortar. But the second implies the need to work promptly until the solution froze and did not begin to solve.

Calculate the desired ratio of clay to a standard cement solution is easy. The more this material is used, the better heat insulation will provide a screed. But if you overdo it, the strength of it will deteriorate greatly. In the miscalculation, you need to take into account the thickness of the base, the strength of the foundation, thermal insulation characteristics. The optimal ratio of clay and mortar is 1: 1.

Consider that the density of the material of different fractions can be varied within 250-600 kilograms per cubic meter.

The standard number of components per one cubic meter of ceramzite concrete is as follows:

cement - up to 300 kg;
sand - 300 kg;
keramzit is one cube (weight may differ due to different density, so when buying is guided precisely by volume).

More accurate calculation can be carried out by using the following example:

As a standard, we take the room with dimensions of 9 square meters and the medium layer thickness of 60-65 mm. We make calculation: 9 x 0.06 \u003d 0.54 cubic meters. m., which is exactly 540 liters. Solution for screed.

There are several ways to make the floor screed. We offer two simplest and efficient options:

Option of screed number 1

After you make measurements and make the layout of the screed level, you need to fall asleep fine ceramzit over the entire area. A small fraction at this stage is needed that the ceramzite will be better rapid. The layer should be no higher than 2.3 centimeters to the top point of the future screed. Using the level, make a layer of clamzite completely even and distribute it over the surface.
The resulting layer for better density can be pouring cement "milk".

To prepare it, you need to make a standard solution for a screed, but the water in it should be twice as much. In itself, the "Milk" material will not be built, but it forms a film on it, which will prevent the liquid absorbing with a clay. As a result, it will decrease the consumption of the solution when pouring. For the formation and hardening of such a film will require a day. At this stage finished. Now you need to wait.

After the day, you can proceed directly to the finishing screed. Put the desired amount of clay over the entire area and align once again using the level. Now pour the finished solution to the surface, crush the rule and leave to dry for 2-3 days.
When the screed dried, remove the beacons, and the resulting holes close the cement.

Option tie №2.

In this case, the ceramzite will also have to put in two layers, but the whole process is taking significantly faster than in the first version.

Prepare a solution for a screed. So that it is suitable for use, it is necessary to first fall asleep clamzite into a large capacity, pour water and mix with a construction mixer. Next, add cement and sand in the desired quantity and also mix everything. There is no accurate proportion in this case.
Gradually add sand with cement into a solution until it becomes a homogeneous viscous mass without lumps.
The finished composition is pouring to a height of up to 2.5 cm from the floor. Please note that in this case, unlike the previous one, you do not have to wait for a day, but you can immediately continue to work.
When you start the finish fill, do not reach the edge of the lower a few centimeters.
Thoroughly align the top layer of the screed. Perhaps in some areas there will still be irregularities. They need to find and eliminate them on time. Avoid the appearance of puddles, recesses, bubbles on the surface, etc.

If there are wires and any communications under the tie, it is necessary to wind by their polyethylene film and secure in the desired position using a tape or tape.
Under the clamzite is best put a layer of waterproofing. To this end, you can use mastic, polyethylene film or hydrosol.
Profiles and rails are optimal beaches.
A tie for complete drying will be required for at least a month with standard room temperature and humidity.
In the process of drying, you need to regularly water the surface with a minor amount of water to avoid cracking.
If you add a plasticizer into the solution, then the probability of cracking is significantly reduced.
If you use clayzit mainly to improve thermal insulation, it must be at least 10 cm.
Use the grazit of different fractions to get a more dense screed.
Ceramzite can be effectively used with bulk floors. By themselves, they equally equalize the surface due to a sufficiently liquid consistency. If there is a mixer with such a solution, you can achieve higher strength and thermal insulation.
During the screed, work the construction rule over the entire surface area.
Reinforcement of the screed surface is optional, but a useful step capable of significantly strengthened it.

As you can see, the fill of the floor with its own hands - this is a fairly simple method that allows you to get a good result for small money. Without expensive tools and materials.

The ceramzite concrete screed is one of the few grounds with universal properties, used in buildings and buildings of various purposes.

Benefits	disadvantages
Sufficient mechanical strength for all types of finishing floor coatings. Taking into account their characteristics, you can adjust the properties of the ceramzite-concrete screed due to the change in the proportion of components.	Pretty large height reduces the size of the premises.
Low thermal conductivity indicators. Such ties can be used both in systems of warm floors and for conventional coatings. In all cases, a significant effect is achieved down the heat loss. The thermal conductivity indicators are governed by the percentage of clay and tie height.	During the preparation of a ceramzite-concrete screed, it is necessary to use bulk materials and water, as a result of which a rather large number of construction waste is formed.
High fire safety. Such ties are considered a reliable barrier to open fire and are allowed by government controlling organizations and use without restrictions.	Works are performed manually, significant physical efforts are necessary.
Ecology. Ceramizite is a specially processed clay, completely safe material for people's health.	For pouring requires at least 2-3 days, which creates difficulties for the rhythm of construction work.
Low cost. Among all the technologies of the ceraims of the ceramzite concrete screed is the cheapest.

Proportion and preparation of the solution

The process of cooking material has its own characteristics, and the proportions have a great influence on the final properties. Depending on the amount of water, the solution can be liquid, semi-dry or dry.

Liquid solution. Water is so much that the lightweight ceramzite pops up, after frozen the thermal insulation material concentrates at the top of the screed. Advantages - screed self-leveling. Disadvantages - for finishing floor coatings, it is necessary to make a cement-sand tie, which increases the time of construction and increases their cost. Another drawback is a large amount of water significantly narrows the scope of application. Liquid ceramic concrete ties are recommended for insulation of attic rooms and various economic attacks. It is desirable that the slabs are reinforced concrete.

Semi-dry solution. The most frequently used material, the consistency of the solution allows you to evenly distribute lightweight clay throughout the volume. Such a screed of universal use can be done on all types of floors and under all the floors. The disadvantage - requires great physical efforts, the installation of lighthouses, the finishing grout.

Dry screed. Feature - Ceramzite does not mix with cement-sandy mixture, and stacked in a dry state on the base. A thin ordinary screed is made on top. Advantages - the speed of manufacture. Disadvantages - relatively low parameters of physical strength.

Currently, in the implementation there are ready-made dry cement-sandy mixes, use them much more convenient than buying the ingredients separately. For the price they are somewhat more expensive, but if we take into account all the losses on trips and transport, then there is no benefit in independent cooking. Savings of finished mixtures are achieved and due to the fact that it is impossible to accurately calculate the desired amount of sand and cement, there will always be surplus. And these are direct loss of financial resources. The use of dry mixes eliminates the appearance of large unproductive losses of materials.

How to prepare a solution

On one piece of dry mixtures it is recommended to add 2-2.5 parts of the clay. If there is a desire to prepare the solution yourself, then three parts of the sand and four grainsite are recommended to part of the cement. The amount of water as we have already mentioned depends on which solution is preparing.

Stir the composition can be manually and with the help of electrical concrete mixer.

The mixer does not make sense for several reasons. First, it can prepare only a small amount of solution. Small portions greatly complicate the styling process. Secondly, each portion of the solution will have different proportions, which has a negative impact on the quality of the screed. Thirdly, the mixer cannot evenly distribute light clay balls by volume, most of them constantly turns out to be at the top of the tank.

The percentage of ingredients can be adjusted depending on the required finite indicators of the screed. If it is necessary to increase its strength, then the percentage of cement should increase and vice versa. To reduce thermal conductivity, it is necessary to give more clay, but it is impossible to abuse. Otherwise, the strength of the foundation will sharply decrease. It is possible to prepare a solution in a room or on the street, a specific decision is made taking into account the characteristics of the building and the possibilities of developers.

Practical recommendation. If you plan to prepare a solution using ready-made dry mixtures, it is better to do in the room. Factory dry mixes can not be stored in the open air, they extremely negatively react to direct contact with water.

Preparation of beaches for a ceramzite-concrete screed

A very important point, the quality of the screed depends on the accuracy of the training of beacons. Making lighthouses is better under the laser level if it is not, then you can use water. Works in this case take more time, but almost exclusions the probability of error. Why? Water level is put on the wall every label separately, if there was an error on the first, then at the expense of the rest it is leveled. The laser level works otherwise, it gives tags immediately around the perimeter of the room. Initially incorrectly exposed the device becomes the reason that the entire screed will not be horizontal, but with a slope. Keep this in mind, then correct the mistake for a long time, difficult and expensive.

How to put lighthouses under the tie?

Step 1. Remove the room from the construction trash, inspect the base. If there are large slots on it, they will have to be embedded, and work continue only after soaring the repair solutions.

Step 2. Cover the overlap by polyethylene film or other hydraulic protection material. If the screed is done in non-residential premises on concrete overlap, then the waterproof is not necessary.

Step 3. Install the laser level. We have already said that it is necessary to approach this operation very carefully, all actions must be performed in strict accordance with the instructions of the device manufacturer.

Step 4. Check the distances from the surface of the overlap to laser lines. The minimum thickness of the ceramic concrete screed is approximately 5 cm. If you do it thinner, the strength will not respond to the current standards. The maximum screed thickness depends on the parameters of the room and the planned indicators of the heat resistant. The thicker the claying screed, the better the body is preserved. Small protrusions on the surface of the overlap are recommended to cut down. It is much more profitable than because of such problems to significantly increase the thickness of the screed.

Practical advice. The process of installing beacons is much accelerated, if you constantly do not check the distance between the guide and laser beam roulette or the simplest pattern, but make the appropriate label on the rule. In this way, you will simultaneously display metalworpiem in terms of the horizon level and adjust the thickness of the ceramzite-concrete screed. This device allows you to set lighthouses without a bubble level, all the necessary functions perform a laser beam.

Step 5. Decide with a specific location of beacons. The distance between the lines should be 15-20 cm less than Dina's rules. Between the extreme beacons and the walls of the room, the gap within 30-40 cm. The lines must be sent to the output from the room. The distance between the streams under the metal profile approximately 20-40 cm, the specific values \u200b\u200bdepend on the parameters of the elements. One main condition must be performed: profiles should not be fed under the rule during the alignment of the screed, and during this process there may be quite great efforts.

Step 6. Prepare metal rails, if necessary, cut the missing pieces. Make a solution to fix beacons. To accelerate the solidification, increase the amount of cement, the solution for lighthouses can be prepared in the proportion of 1: 2. There is another way to accelerate the solo solutions for the rivers. After the beaches, carefully sprinkle the surface of the Kholmikov dry cement, it will quickly absorb moisture. Remove the wet cement with a trowel or staple and repeat the operation. Due to such actions to making a screed, you can begin 15-20 minutes after installing beacons.

To speed up the work, you can prepare lining from various submitted materials under the rail. It is advisable to use pieces of bricks or pebbles of the corresponding sizes. Apply the segments of plasterboard plates are not recommended due to very low indicators of physical strength and moisture resistance.

Step 7. Put the linings to the places, throw on them a little solution and put a metal rail from above. Pay attention to the previously made marking of the beacons.

Step 8. Put the metal rack on the hill, and on top of the rule with the labels made.

Step 9. Gently indent a metal profile until it takes the right position. Constantly follow the position of the laser beam on the rules on the labels. Keep the tool horizontally and with a little effort to blend beacons to the desired level. If the profile is too drowned during operation, then it should be lifted, put the additional portion of the solution at thenime and re-exhibit.

Step 10. Spatula or trowel, remove from the surface of the surplus solutions from the surface. By the same algorithm, exhibit all the remaining lighthouses. In the event of the slightest suspicion in the correctness, once again check the position of the rails. It is recommended to put the rule and the adjacent rails, the laser beam must be located exactly on the label previously made on it.

On this work with the lighthouses are finished, after a small pause, you can start making a ceramzite-concrete screed.

Pouring tie.

For example, we will take a classic screed - clamzite is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the solution.

Practical advice. During the acquisition of Ceramzit, pay attention to its quality.

What signs indicate a bad material?

The balls are too different in size and have a different weight. This indicates that the recommended technology was broken during the production of material. The big weight of the balls indicates that inside there is no air pores, thermal conductivity does not match the normalized parameters.
On the surface there are open pores. Very unpleasant marriage, do not buy such a material. The fact is that in these pores the water falls, it is perfectly carried out warmly, and in the closed space he will dry. Such a screed on its operational characteristics will never respond to expectations.

To exclude cracking of the screed around the perimeter of the walls, put a damper tape with a thickness of about five millimeters.

Step 1. Calculate the approximate number of materials. Make it simply, knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the middle thickness of the screed. No particular accuracy, to a kilogram you still will not be able to determine the number of materials. Buy them with a small stock, surplus will always fit in the future.

Step 2. Prepare a lot. We have already mentioned that mixing is better than a concrete mixer or a shovel in a large container. If you do not have the first, nor the second, then prepare a solution in the bucket using an electric drill with a large wedge.

But be prepared for difficulties, the process is not so simple. Carefully follow the overheating of the drill engine, while mixing the thick mass it works with critical loads. Once the body of the tool has heated, stop mixing immediately, cool the windings of the stator and the rotor. Overheating of their insulation becomes the cause of short circuit, or at best, significantly reduces the use of use. After each overheating, the insulation indicators of the special varnish decrease, the situation is repeated by increasing until short circuit occurs.

Important. Among the inexperienced builders there is a common misconception that electrical tools for cooling should be turned off. This is not true. Of course, in such a state they are cool, but for this you will need a lot of time. Professionals always cool the electrical tools included in the network, the load is simply removed. All engines have an effective air cooling system using built-in fans. Without load, thermal energy does not stand out, and a powerful air jet will quickly removes too much heat.

Cement does not need to take a shovel bag, it's long, the material will inevitably wake up a little. Experienced builders advise this otherwise.

The sealed bag should be put on a piece of pipe or durable rail.
The mounting knife cut through the top of the bag.
With the help of a pipe, lift it and put two halves into a vertical position.
Pipe break out the uncircumcised part of the packaging.

Now you can easily raise the half of the bag with cement and pour it into the container for the preparation of the solution.

Do not forget that the water is always first poured, then add sand, mix it a bit, and only after that cement and ceramzite is poured. Water is added with such a calculation so that the clamzite balls do not float, and distributed by mass.

Step 3. Phasepointly patch the finished solution on the floor, squeeze it a bit and align the plane by the rule. It will be necessary to work in an uncomfortable position, use knee pads to facilitate. Do not throw too much solution at a time, you can easily get to the extreme point by rule.

Practical advice. It is difficult to smooth the rules with the rules for a ceramzite-concrete screed, the balls are approaching the bottom plane and leave on the surface of the deep grooves.

There are two ways to solve this problem.

The rule is not at a right angle to the rail guides, but tilt it. During the alignment, it needs to pull on itself and simultaneously move to the left-right. Due to such movements, the clamzite balls are combined into the solution, the surface behind the rule remains smooth.
On the surface to make the finishing screed with cement-sandy solution.

Take a specific decision depending on the selected type of finishing flooring. For attic rooms, nothing is needed. If you further cover the screed of mineral wool, and the floor is filling the lags, then in this case the surface of the screed can have small recesses or protrusions. Fix the screed will have the fetus laminate floors, parquet and all types of soft coatings.

To improve the adhesion between the fine cement-sand tie and hardened ceramzitic before the work, the latter should be abundantly moistened with water. The fact is that the concrete quickly absorbs moisture, the insufficient amount will not allow the upper screed to gain the necessary strength. Professionals advise on a richly wetting screed, pour dry cement and a broom well mixed with liquid. Such a reception perfectly replaces modern primers.

The quality of the screed will improve significantly if the surface alignment is not to do not after soaring the ceramzite concrete, and immediately after it is aligned. A new solution will drag out all the recesses and grooves, the material consumption will be significantly reduced, and work will accelerate. In addition, such technology provides complete monolithicness of the screed layers, despite the fact that it is made by two different mixtures.

Final alignment of a ceramzite concrete screed

If you have little practical experience in producing such a kind of work, then the next day you have to correct the shortcomings of the screed.

Important. Be sure to check whether the weight of the human weight holds. If not, then you need to wait another day.

Align the surface should be ruled and grater. Metal beacons of beacons can be pulled out or leaving in the mass, make the decision independently, the quality of the screed almost does not change.

Step 1. Remove metal slats from the solution. He has not yet gained maximum strength, elements are removed without difficulty.

Step 2. Highly press the rule to the surface and move the movements back and forth the irregularities. Watch that the recesses do not appear. As soon as traces of the tool appear on most of the surface, the base is considered even. Work as a rule not only in parallel to the beacons, but also diagonally.

Step 3. Remove the dry solution, moisten the surface, align the screed. If the recesses are too large, then they should be filling in the mass. Never use old mass for alignment, cement has already lost its ability to gain strength, it is useless to breed it with water. Check the status of the screed with a level or rule, do not need to finish perfect indicators. The maximum permissible difference in height for the most capricious coatings is 2 mm on the route meter, such parameters are easily achieved after several passages. Start from the far corner of the room and gradually move to the exit.

On this work is completed. Further furnished flooring can be started only after a set by a screed of at least 50% of the maximum strength, such parameters of the cement solution dials after 10-14 days, a particular time depends on the microclimate indoor. If it is very warm and dry in it, then you need to water the screed every day with water. Keep in mind that the frozen of concrete is not due to the evaporation of water, on the contrary, it is necessary for the optimal flow of chemical reactions, as a result of their solution turns into a solid concrete.

Prices for grazit in bags for screed

ceramzit in bags

Video - floor alignment with a ceramzite concrete tie