Political parties are an integral part of the political system of a modern democratic society. Etymologically, “party” means “part,” “separateness,” an element of the political system.

THE CONSIGNMENT is a political public organization that fights for power or for participation in the exercise of power. Political Party is an organization of like-minded people representing the interests of citizens, social groups and classes and aiming at their realization by conquering state power or participating in its implementation. The rivalry of political groups, united around powerful families or popular leaders, has been a characteristic, essential feature of political history for many centuries. But such organizations, which we call political parties, emerged in Europe and the United States at the beginning of the 19th century.

There are many approaches to defining the essence of political parties: understanding a party as a group of people adhering to one ideological doctrine (B. Konst.); the interpretation of a political party as an expression of the interests of certain classes (Marxism); institutional understanding of a political party as an organization operating in the state system (M. Duverger).

Other approaches to defining parties: the party is the bearer of ideology; party is a long-term association of people; the party's goal is the conquest and exercise of power; the party seeks to enlist the support of the people.

Functions of political parties

Political parties in modern societies perform the following functions:

· Representation - the expression of the interests of certain groups of the population;

· Socialization - involving part of the population in the number of its members and supporters;

· Ideological function - the development of an attractive political platform for a certain part of society;

· Participation in the struggle for power - selection, promotion of political personnel and provision of conditions for their activities;

· Participation in the formation of political systems - their principles, elements, structures.

In modern political history, the types of party systems are distinguished: bourgeois democratic party system formed in Europe and North America in the 19th century. In his activities he is guided by the following rules: there is a legal struggle for power in society; power is exercised by a party or a group of parties that have secured the support of the parliamentary majority; there is constant legal opposition; there is agreement among the parties within the party system regarding the observance of these rules.

V bourgeois system many types of party coalitions have been formed : multiparty coalition - none of the parties is able to achieve a competent majority ; bipartisan coalition - there are two strong parties, each of which is capable of independently exercising powers of power; modified bipartisan coalition - not one of the two main parties gathers an absolute majority and they are forced to cooperate with third parties; two-bloc coalition - two main blocs are fighting for power, and parties outside the blocs do not play a significant role; dominance coalition - one party independently exercises power over a long period; cooperation coalition - the most powerful parties have been cooperating for a long time in the exercise of power.

socialist party system there is only one legal party; the party runs the state at all levels of the state apparatus; the emergence of such a political system is associated with a crisis of democratic or authoritarian systems of government.

authoritarian party system this type of government is intermediate, with the dominant factor being the state, and not the party, which plays a secondary role in the process of exercising power. Other parties are also allowed.

This classification experience is based precisely on what parties say as opposed to what they actually do. In the world of modern Russian politics, nothing is called by its own name: the political views declared by the parties do not correspond to their names, the actions of the parties do not correspond to their political views, and the views themselves do not say anything about the interests of those who demonstrate them.

The Communist Party

Communist Party of the Russian Federation (05/01/2009)

According to the program documents, the party continues the cause of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR, and, based on the creative development of Marxism-Leninism, has as its goal the building of socialism - a society of social justice on the principles of collectivism, freedom, equality, stands for true democracy in the form of Soviets, strengthening the federal multinational state, is a party of patriots, internationalists, a party of friendship of peoples, defending communist ideals, defending the interests of the working class, peasantry, intelligentsia, all working people.

A significant place in the program documents and works of the party leaders is occupied by the confrontation between the new world order and the Russian people with its thousand-year history, with its qualities - "collegiality and sovereignty, deep faith, ineradicable altruism and a decisive rejection of the mercantile bait of a bourgeois, liberal-democratic paradise", "Russian question".

The ideological basis for the CPRF is Marxism-Leninism and its creative development.

Party structure

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation builds its work on the basis of the program and charter. The party, all its organizations and bodies operate within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the federal law "On public associations" and other laws of the Russian Federation. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a legal entity from the moment of state registration and carries out its activities in accordance with the statutory goals throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation creates its own regional, local and primary party organizations throughout the Russian Federation. The location of the permanent governing body of the Communist Party is Moscow.

Communist Party of the Russian Federation(KPRF) is a left-wing political party in the Russian Federation, the most massive of the communist parties in Russia.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was formed at the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communists of Russia (February 13-14, 1993) as the restored Communist Party of the RSFSR. The Communist Party of the RSFSR, in turn, was created in June 1990 as an association of members of the CPSU in the RSFSR. Its activities were suspended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 23, 1991 N 79 "On the suspension of the activities of the Communist Party of the RSFSR", and then terminated by Presidential Decree of November 6, 1991 N 169, the possibility of its restoration in its previous form was excluded by the Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation N 9-P dated November 30, 1992.

In August 1996, the secretary of the Central Committee of the RKRP V. Tyulkin sent an open letter to Zyuganov, in which he wrote: "Knowing the program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, taking into account the latest

actions of your party, while recognizing the right of your organization to its special place in today's political system, at the same time I ask you to consider removing the word "communist" from the name of your party, so as not to discredit the theory itself and not to mislead working people. " The appeal is completely rhetorical, but some of the formulations are successful.The Communist Party of the Russian Federation really has little in common with the communist ideology now and occupies a special place in today's political system - on the left flank of the ruling party.

I must say that this place went to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation somewhere in the beginning of 1995.The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, in the form in which it exists today, appeared relatively late, at the beginning of 1993, on the basis of several small communist parties and an asset of the former Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR ... In October 1993, she faced the first serious test, but retained, more or less, face both before the authorities, and (less) before the opposition, not taking part in the defense of the White House, but condemning the president's actions. As a result, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation passed with a good result to the Duma in 1993.However, the parties and movements with which the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was blocked at the end of 1993, by 1995, had already drifted to the right, becoming small companions of the ruling party; the future leader of the pro-government socialists, Ivan Rybkin, broke away from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ... The Liberal Democratic Party was guided by its own commercial interests. On the eve of the elections, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was forced to take a very cautious position so as not to give rise to a breakdown.

Zyuganov's presidential campaign was marked by a rush from moderate anti-government rhetoric to a de facto pro-government position (for example, on the issue of Chechnya). In 1995-1996, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation finally took shape as a part of the ruling party "looking after" the communist part of the Russian electorate (this was especially evident between the two rounds of the 1996 presidential elections).

The positions held by the CPRF in the Duma in 1995-1999: The CPRF refused to consider the issue of private property and began to consider the coexistence of state, public and private property "in one bottle" possible. Now she opposes only private ownership of land, believing that land should remain in public ownership. But "it can be transferred to public, farm and peasant farms in permanent, eternal, inherited and leased ownership and use. Only household and summer cottages of land can be transferred to private ownership."

After the transfer of power to the government of popular confidence, private property will be preserved so that the "economy develops" ("... As followers of Ilyich, ... we are in favor of a multi-structured economy." "to establish self-government and control of labor collectives over production and distribution" in conditions of private property. In matters of state policy, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation takes a moderate national-patriotic position, putting forward its main slogan "statehood, democracy, equality, spirituality and justice." While advocating the observance of rights and freedoms and the limitation of the president's powers by parliament, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, nevertheless, advocates "putting things in order and tough actions in Chechnya (renouncing the notorious right of nations to self-determination).

Thus, on the whole, the program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation can be called social-democratic with a significant left-wing bias. Its main goal in the political struggle is to maintain its broad representation in parliament and (sometimes) to lobby the interests of pro-communist businessmen. The main electorate of the Communist Party is residents of small towns and rural areas, mainly pensioners and young people, who vote not for the program, but for the name. As sociologists say, “the electorate of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is the least susceptible to PR manipulation, since they vote not for Zyuganov or against Putin, but for communism, for the name“ Communist Party. ”Among the workers, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation does not have much influence and admits it, it does not know how to work in megacities , namely, their votes determined the results, for example, of the second round of the presidential elections in 1996. In the regional elections in 1996, there were 14 governors nominated by the NPSR, but this victory was achieved at the expense of the regions traditionally voting for the "left".

The failure in the 2003 elections showed that the party urgently needs to change its electoral platform and program, since old slogans, even somewhat democratized ones, no longer find a response in Russian society. There are fewer and fewer people who vote not for a leader or a program, but the word "communist".

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation does not have popular regional leaders. Some of the business executives from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation moved to the right within the ruling party, for example, Luzhkov's right hand V. Shantsev.

The electorate of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation will most likely continue to decline over the next four years, but the number of supporters among officials and managers, as well as in the apparatus of the party itself, will most likely deepen the stratification: the bulk will remain in the bosom of the Communist Party, the most influential (about one tenth) will "go" to the right (not very far), and the radical left (also about one tenth) will go over to the extreme left (Tyulkin's party, etc.). Thus, in the 2007 elections, the leadership should expect an even lower result.

The process of consolidation of various associations, called for by the Law on Political Parties, may finally fulfill the long-standing dream of the leaders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and put an end to the multiparty system among Russian communists. From the very moment of the adoption of this law, it was obvious that the currently existing communist associations of the VKP (b), RCP-KPSS and RKRP would in no way be able to recruit the required number of members and regional branches. However, the last point in the history of the existence of small communist parties will be put by amendments to the Law "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights of Citizens," developed by the CEC and submitted to the State Duma by the President in August.

The party press is the Pravda newspaper, more than 30 regional publications, the internal Bulletin of Party Organizational and Personnel Work. Previously, the weekly Pravda Rossii and the Political Education magazine were published; radio Resonance was friendly.

The largest friendly newspaper is Sovetskaya Rossiya; until 2004, Zavtra was a friendly newspaper. In the most circulated print media, on TV and on main radio stations, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation has been sparingly represented since its inception, although not without hesitation. History textbooks and most of the media do not mention, for example, the cancellation by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of a number of provisions of the decree of Boris Yeltsin on the prohibition of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, a claim for falsification of elections in 2003, active party building (over the past 4-5 years in The Communist Party of the Russian Federation enters annually 10-15 thousand young people).

Finances of the Communist Party

According to the financial report of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, submitted to the CEC, in 2006 the party received in the form of funds for the implementation of statutory activities: 127 453 237 rubles. Of them:

29% - received from membership fees

30% - federal budget funds

6% - donations

35% - other income

In 2006, the party spent 116,823,489 rubles. Of them:

21% - for propaganda activities (information, advertising, publishing, printing)

7% - preparation and conduct of elections and referendum

Leader biography

Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov was born. June 26, 1944, in a teacher's family in the village of Mymrino (about 100 km from Orel). Father, Andrei Mikhailovich Zyuganov (died 1990), was the commander of an artillery crew, after the war he taught most of the subjects at the Mymrinsk secondary school, including the basics of agriculture, excluding foreign and Russian languages ​​and literature. Mother - Marfa Petrovna, born in 1915 - taught in the elementary grades of the Mymrinsk school.

After graduating with a silver medal from the Mymrinsk secondary school of the Khotynetsky district of the Oryol region in 1961, he worked as a teacher there. In 1962 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Oryol Pedagogical Institute, which he graduated with honors in 1969. served in the Soviet Army in the radiation and chemical reconnaissance of a group of Soviet forces in Germany (currently - a reserve colonel). He taught physics and mathematics at the university. At the same time he was engaged in trade union, Komsomol, party work. In 1966 he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Since 1967, he was engaged in Komsomol work, worked in elective posts at the district, city and regional level.

After graduating from the Oryol Pedagogical Institute, he taught there in 1969 to 1970. From 1972 to 1974 he worked as the first secretary of the Oryol Regional Committee of the Komsomol. In 1974-1983 he was the secretary of the district committee, the second secretary of the Oryol city committee of the CPSU, then - the head of the propaganda and agitation department of the Oryol regional committee of the CPSU. Simultaneously in 73-77. was a deputy of the Oryol City Council, from 80 to 83 - a deputy of the Oryol Regional Council of Deputies. From 1978 to 1980 he studied at the main department of the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU, completed his postgraduate studies as an external student. In 1980 he defended his Ph.D. thesis.

In 1983-1989 Zyuganov worked in the department of agitation and propaganda of the Central Committee of the CPSU as an instructor, head of a sector. In 1989-1990 he was deputy head of the ideological department of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Delegate to the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU (June 1990) and, accordingly, as a representative of the RSFSR - the Constituent Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (June-September 1990).

After the creation of the Communist Party of the RSFSR in June 1990, at the 1st founding congress, he was elected a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, chairman of the permanent Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR on humanitarian and ideological problems, and in September 1990 - secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR.

In July 1991, together with a number of well-known state, political and public figures, he signed an appeal "Word to the People". In August 1991, he was nominated as a candidate for the elections of the 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, but withdrew the candidacy in favor of V.A.Kuptsov due to the lack of experience in parliamentary work.

In December 1991 he was co-opted into the coordination council of the Russian National Union. Then he was elected a member of the coordinating council of the Fatherland movement. On June 12-13, 1992, he participated in the 1st council (congress) of the Russian National Council (RNS), became a member of the presidium of the council.

In October 1992, he joined the organizing committee of the National Salvation Front (FNS). At the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (CP RSFSR) on February 13-14, 1993, he was elected a member of the Central Executive Committee of the party, and at the first organizational plenum of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - Chairman of the CEC.

On July 25-26, 1993, he took part in the II Congress of the National Salvation Front in Moscow. From 20:00 on September 21, 1993 - after Boris Yeltsin's speech with a message about the dissolution of parliament - he was in the House of Soviets, spoke at rallies. On October 3, he appeared on the air of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, urging the population of Moscow to refrain from participating in rallies and clashes with the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

December 12, 1993 was elected to the State Duma of the first convocation on the federal list of the Communist Party.

In April-May 1994, he was one of the initiators of the creation of the Concord in the Name of Russia movement. January 21-22, 1995 at the III Congress of the Communist Party became the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. On December 17, 1995, he was elected to the State Duma of the second convocation on the federal list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

On March 4, 1996, he was registered as a presidential candidate. On June 16, 1996, the elections of the President of the Russian Federation took place. Gennady Zyuganov's candidacy was supported by 31.96 percent of the voters who took part in the voting. On July 3, 1996, during the voting in the second round of the presidential elections in the Russian Federation, 40.41% of voters voted for Zyuganov's candidacy. In August 1996, he was elected chairman of the coordinating council of the People's Patriotic Union of Russia, which included the parties and movements that supported G. A. Zyuganov in the presidential elections.

On December 19, 1999, he was elected to the State Duma of the third convocation on the federal list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

In 2000, in the presidential elections in Russia, he received 29.21% of the vote. In January 2001, at the plenum of the Council of the UPC-CPSU, he was elected chairman of the council of the Union of Communist Parties.

In 2003 he was elected a deputy of the State Duma of the fourth convocation, in 2007 - a deputy of the State Duma of the fifth convocation.

Zyuganov missed the 2004 presidential elections, where the party was represented by Nikolai Kharitonov, and took part in the 2008 elections, finishing second after Dmitry Medvedev (according to official data, more than 13 million votes, or 17.7% of those who took part in the elections).

Author of a series of monographs. He defended his doctoral dissertation in philosophy on the topic "Main tendencies and the mechanism of socio-political changes in modern Russia." In 1996-2004 he headed the People's Patriotic Union of Russia. Since 2001, he has been the head of the Union of Communist Parties - the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

CONCLUSION

In the first few years of the new millennium, Russia has made significant progress towards the formation of a party system. A multi-party system in our country has existed since the early 90s, but the party system is still in its infancy.

Parties are constantly developing, waging a political struggle among themselves, they are developing, uniting and working out joint positions. To increase influence on government structures and to nominate their representatives to government structures.

The formation of a multi-party system in the country is proceeding with difficulty and contradictory. It is still far from the civilized framework that connoisseurs and adherents of Western democracy dream of. Most often it happens that parties appear, register, sometimes even disappear, but no one knows who is behind them, who supports them. And this is the main problem of many groups claiming the right to be called parties.

But one thing is clear - the revival of Russia requires not just the interaction of parties, but also the interaction of simple political forces. They must cooperate with each other on reasonable terms.

LITERATURE

1. Reshetnev, S.A. On the issue of the classification of political parties in Russia [text] / С.А. Reshetnev // Kommersant power. - 2004. - No. 3. - P. 2-4

3.http: //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%A4

4. Dugin A. Left project // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. - 2003. - March 26. Sumbatyan Yu. G. Political regimes in the modern world: a comparative analysis. Study guide. - M., 1999.

Russian political party

All-Russian political party, founded in 1993. It is the "ideological successor" of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Since its inception, it has criticized the current government and has positioned itself as an opposition one. The leader of the party since 1993 is Gennady Zyuganov.

Foundation of the Communist Party

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) was founded in 1993. The members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation viewed their organization as the successor of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (CP of the RSFSR as part of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, CPSU), whose founding congress was held in June 1990. The first secretaries of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the RSFSR were first Ivan Polozkov (because of this, the press sometimes called it "Polozkov's party"), and then, from the beginning of August 1991, Valentin Kuptsov was elected to this post. Gennady Zyuganov became one of the secretaries, as well as a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (in 1991 he was also one of the candidates for the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, but was not elected). However, the Communist Party of the RSFSR did not last long: after the attempt of the State Committee for a State of Emergency (GKChP) in August 1991 to carry out a coup d'etat, its activities, like the activities of the CPSU, were suspended and then banned. The property that was at the disposal or use of the CPSU was transferred to the state.

At the congress, the party's program statement and its charter were adopted. In it, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was proclaimed the successor of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, factions, platforms and dual membership were prohibited in the party. The "most massive party currently existing" in Russia was born, uniting all the famous communist leaders in the country, the media noted at that time: the number of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was then estimated at 500 thousand people.

At the same congress in 1993, the Communist Party adopted a resolution "On the property of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation", according to which the Communist Party was recognized as "the plenipotentiary successor of the CPSU property on the territory of Russia",,. Subsequently, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation repeatedly filed a lawsuit, trying to return the real estate objects previously owned by the CPSU. However, it was not easy to obtain this property legally: by the decision of the 1992 Constitutional Court, the property of the CPSU (or the property that the CPSU was using at the time of the ban, whose owner was uncertain) was returned to the party, while state property remained with the state. However, the same court decision confirmed the legality of the dissolution of the leading organizational structures of the Communist Party, and "no one was recognized as the legal successor of the CPSU." Accordingly, there was "no one to bring claims for the return of the property of the Communist Party and no one to answer for these claims",,. Anatoly Sobchak in his book "Once upon a time there was a Communist Party" also pointed out that "in fact" there was nothing to return: in August 1991, "resourceful party functionaries created many fictitious structures to which they rushed to transfer property and money to the party." Also after the collapse of the communist system, the finances of the CPSU "surfaced in the form of new commercial banks and other structures." Representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in 2008 argued that "no court decision on the" party money "has ever been adopted."

On March 23, 1993, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received registration from the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Analysts also drew attention to the fact that the "communist multi-party system" in the country remained, despite the fact that the Communist Party, "thanks to the reliance on old nomenklatura cadres who held firm positions" in the economy, as well as in regional and local authorities, quickly took over. " dominant position on the left flank. "

Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the 1990s

In September-October 1993, a political crisis erupted in the country, expressed in an armed confrontation between the two branches of power - the legislative and the executive. On September 21, 1993, President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree on the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation and appointed for December 12, 1993 elections to a new representative body of power - the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. A few days later, he issued decrees on the holding of early presidential elections on June 12, 1994, as well as on the appointment of a referendum on the adoption of a new constitution for December 12. The actions of the head of state provoked resistance from the parliamentarians, who, on September 23, 1993, having declared Yeltsin's presidential powers terminated, entrusted Vice-President Alexander Rutskoy with the duties of the President of the Russian Federation. The confrontation, in the end, led to the shooting of the building of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation and the armed seizure of the White House. In this situation, the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, in contrast to the ordinary activists of the party, behaved cautiously and in a speech on television called on his comrades-in-arms for exclusively peaceful resistance. The position of the party leadership, as well as the fact that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, unlike other left-wing parties, refused to boycott the elections to the State Duma of the first convocation, later gave the press a reason to reproach the party led by Zyuganov that it "helped legalize the new" super-presidential "model power ",.

As a result of voting on December 12, 1993, the Communist Party received 12.4 percent of the vote and, accordingly, 32 seats in the proportional system. In single-mandate constituencies, 10 more candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation won, and 13 party members were elected to the Federation Council,,,. Zyuganov became the chairman of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma, and Ivan Rybkin, a member of the Duma agrarian faction, who served as the leader of the Communists of Russia faction in the former Russian parliament, was elected speaker of the lower house.

In the future, the Communist Party continued to actively criticize the activities of the authorities. After the Communist Valentin Kovalev was appointed Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation in the government of Viktor Chernomyrdin, the Communist Party faction in the State Duma in January 1995, announcing this appointment as an attempt to "discredit the firm and consistent policy of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation towards the ruling regime," expelled Kovalev from its membership : in the opinion of the leaders of the faction, there could be no question of the participation of communists in the government, guilty of the destruction of our great country ",,,.

On January 21-22, 1995, the third congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took place, at which the management system was formed, which remained in the party for many years. The CPRF has a Central Committee (CC) consisting of 139 members and 25 candidates, its presidium (19 people) and a secretariat (5 people),,. Zyuganov was elected chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Kuptsov was his first deputy, and Alexander Shabanov was the other deputy. To control party activities, a 40-person Central Control and Revision Commission was introduced. The third congress also adopted a new program and party charter. As noted in the press, the amendments to the charter approved by the congress, including the proposed "measures to strengthen the principle of democratic centralism," a ban on factionalism and dual membership, responsibility to the leadership of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation of communists elected to parliament by party lists, etc., were called upon to "change the face of the party ", but instead" only made the already familiar features more distinct "(meaning provisions similar to a number of provisions of the CPSU charter - ed.),.

In August 1995, the "first three" of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was approved in the elections to the State Duma of the second convocation: Zyuganov, non-party head of the legislative assembly of the Kemerovo region Aman Tuleyev and member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Svetlana Goryacheva,,. On December 17, elections of deputies to the State Duma took place, the communists took first place in them, receiving 22.3 percent of the vote. CPRF candidates won in 58 single-mandate constituencies,,,. In addition to the deputies from the Communist Party itself, 23 independent candidates, members of the Agrarian Party of Russia (APR) and nominees of the Power to the People bloc (leaders - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Sergei Baburin and others), who were officially supported by the Communist Party during the election campaigns,. The Communist Party nominated the secretary of the Central Committee Gennady Seleznev to the post of chairman of the State Duma, and he won after three rounds of voting,,. Goryacheva became the Deputy Speaker of the State Duma. Party representatives headed nine State Duma committees: for security (Viktor Ilyukhin); Economics (Yuri Maslyukov); on Federation Affairs and Regional Policy (Leonid Ivanchenko); on legislation and judicial and legal reform (Anatoly Lukyanov); on education and science (Ivan Melnikov); tourism and sports (Alexander Sokolov); on women, family and youth affairs (Alevtina Aparina); on Veterans Affairs (Valentin Varennikov); on affairs of public associations and religious organizations (Viktor Zorkaltsev),. Zyuganov was elected the leader of the Duma faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and Kuptsov also became his deputy in the faction (as Profil magazine noted, at that time, "the party was financed by representatives of big business" through Kuptsov).

After Zyuganov's defeat, the leaders of the parties and movements that supported him in the elections, in July 1996 decided to unite, creating an all-Russian public movement "People's Patriotic Union of Russia" (NPSR). In addition to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, it included the Agrarian Party of Russia, as well as a number of other movements, in total - "several dozen". In the press at that time, the reason for the appearance of the NPSR was called the desire of the communists to "change their image." It was not ruled out that "Zyuganov will have to leave the political proscenium." However, this did not happen - he became the chairman of the coordinating council of the NPSR, and Nikolai Ryzhkov was elected chairman of the executive committee. Also, the NPSR was ruled by five co-chairs - Aman Tuleyev, Stanislav Govorukhin, Alexander Rutskoy (People's Patriotic Movement "Derzhava"), Mikhail Lapshin (Agrarian Party of Russia) and Alexei Podberezkin (All-Russian social and political movement "Spiritual Heritage"),,,, ...

In the 1996-1997 gubernatorial elections, which were held in 62 regions of the country, candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the NPSR won in 26 regions. In particular, Vasily Starodubtsev became the governor of the Tula region, and Nikolai Kondratenko became the head of the Krasnodar Territory. In another five regions, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation supported the current governors, who won,,. Subsequently, political scientists talked about the formation in the 1990s of the so-called "red belt" - a number of regions of the country where there was a steady support of the communists on the part of citizens, not only in the gubernatorial elections, but also in the elections to local legislative bodies,,,,.

After the default in August 1998, Yeltsin wanted to appoint Viktor Chernomyrdin to replace the ousted Prime Minister Sergei Kiriyenko, but the opposition factions of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) and the Yabloko party in the State Duma twice voted against this appointment. Then the president nominated Yevgeny Primakov for the post of prime minister - as reported in the press, the only figure against whom the leaders of the "left" had no serious arguments. On September 11, the State Duma approved him in his new position from the first time, and members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Yuri Maslyukov and Gennady Khodyrev took the posts of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Antimonopoly Policy and Support of Entrepreneurship in his government, respectively. The magazine "Profile" at that time wrote about the alleged "leftward" of the executive branch.

In May 1999, State Duma deputies made an attempt to impeach President Yeltsin. According to media reports, the initiators of this action were the communists Viktor Ilyukhin and Lev Rokhlin with the support of Zyuganov. However, the Communist Party suffered a double defeat. A few days before the vote, the president dismissed the Primakov government,, and then the impeachment failed, since none of the five counts of the head of state received the required 300 votes in parliament.

Before the elections to the State Duma of the third convocation in December 1999, the Communist Party planned to gather all its allies into one coalition, but "everyone quarreled." As a result, in addition to the communists, only a part of the Agrarian Party headed by Nikolai Kharitonov joined the "widely advertised" bloc "For Victory", which was headed by Zyuganov. As a result, the bloc was never formed, but its allies were included in the lists of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - Tuleyev, Kharitonov, economist Sergei Glazyev. The first three positions in the federal list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation were taken by Zyuganov, Seleznev and Starodubtsev,,.

On December 19, 1999, elections to the State Duma of the third convocation took place. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (its campaign headquarters was headed by Kuptsov), received the highest result in the country - 24.29 percent of the vote, but the pro-government "Unity" lost only one percent to the Communists. Another 46 deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received seats in parliament based on the results of voting in single-mandate constituencies. Despite the high percentage of the result, the representation of the communists in the Duma decreased, and as a result, the "left-patriotic forces" lost their "blocking stake",,,,,. There were 95 deputies in the registered Duma faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 23 more official nominees of the party entered the Agro-Industrial Deputy Group. Gennady Seleznev was again elected Chairman of the State Duma, representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation also headed nine committees.

In the 1990s, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation held many rallies, strikes and demonstrations. The press at that time wrote a lot about the all-Russian protest action on October 7, 1998, which was held by communists and trade union workers, demanding the resignation of President Boris Yeltsin and a change in the government course. The organizers of the strike claimed that about 12 million people took part in it, but the authorities did not confirm this data.

Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the 2000s

In the presidential elections in 2000, the Communist Party was again represented by Gennady Zyuganov. His main opponent was Vladimir Putin, who after the resignation of Yeltsin at the end of December 1999 became the acting president of the country. As "Nezavisimaya Gazeta" wrote, Zyuganov's program included a de facto return to the "Soviet model of the economy": he proposed to transfer natural resources to the state for use, and divide the proceeds from their exploitation among citizens. In addition, in case of victory, Zyuganov intended to return the state's monopoly on the production and sale of wine and vodka and tobacco products, the income from which was to become the main source of replenishment of the budget. Planned Zyuganov and political reform - he was going to amend the constitution in order to form a parliamentary majority government. As the media noted, Putin did not have a political platform as such: the country's leadership tried to impose on the voters the idea that there was no alternative to Putin. On March 26, 2000, presidential elections were held in Russia, as a result of which Zyuganov received 29.24 percent of the vote, taking second place. Vladimir Putin became President with 52.90 percent of the vote. Despite the defeat of the communist leader, the results of the vote, according to analysts, confirmed his personal political stability and stable authority among the protest electorate.

In 2002, the head of the headquarters of the election campaign of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was replaced - instead of Kuptsov, Ivan Melnikov became him. In the elections to the State Duma of the fourth convocation, the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was headed by Zyuganov, Kondratenko and Kharitonov. It was further noted that the elections to the lower house of parliament, held on December 7, 2003, were a failure for the Communist Party: according to the official voting results, the majority of votes - 37.56 percent - were won by the United Russia party, while 12 were given for the Communists. , 61 percent of votes,,. 12 candidates were elected from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in single-mandate constituencies. The Communists, who conducted an alternative vote count with the help of their observers at various polling stations, accused the Central Election Commission of massive falsifications. At the same time, the results of an alternative poll organized by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on the Fairplay.ru website ("Fair Play") testified that "the main victims of the 'administrative resource' were not so much the communists themselves as the right-wing parties." The conflict did not develop further,,.

In the State Duma of the fourth convocation, the communists received 52 seats. In January 2004, when the distribution of posts within the chamber took place, all committees in the State Duma without exception were headed by representatives of United Russia. However, the Communist Party got the place of vice-speaker - it was taken by Kuptsov,,.

Until the beginning of the 2000s, the successful performance of candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the election of governors continued. So, in the press, the election in 2001 of the governor of Nizhny Novgorod, Gennady Khodyrev, the former first secretary of the Gorky regional committee of the CPSU, was called the undoubted success of the communists. However, the press subsequently noted that the collapse of the "red belt" had already begun at that time - in the context of "the centralization of power and tax revenues that took shape in Putin's Russia," it became inevitable. In particular, political analysts noted that in the 2003 parliamentary elections, many communist governors, "being under pressure from the federal government, ... did not interfere, and in some cases simply helped" the candidates from United Russia, as they sought to secure their re-election. for another term.

In 2003-2004, the press wrote about another conflict within the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In the spring of 2003, some media reported that the chairman of the executive committee of the NPSR Semigin "with the help of generous financial injections" into the local and regional offices of the NPSR began to lure over to his side the leaders of local organizations of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The opinion was also expressed that his activities to split the party were beneficial to the Kremlin,,. In December 2003, at the congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Semigin's supporters tried to nominate him for the presidency of the Russian Federation in the upcoming elections. However, most of the participants in the party congress supported the candidacy of Kharitonov, whose nomination was initiated by Zyuganov. On January 26, 2004, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation demanded that the Communists withdraw from the NPSR, and the Central Control and Revision Commission recommended that Semigin be expelled from the party. On March 14, 2004, presidential elections were held in Russia. They were won by the incumbent President Putin, who received 71.31 percent of the vote, and Kharitonov took second place, gaining 13.69 percent of the vote.

After the elections, in May 2004, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued to fight against Semigin's supporters. The latter "for splitting activity" (formally - for violation of the charter) was officially expelled from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and from among the members of the party faction in the State Duma of the fourth convocation,,,. On July 1, 2004, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, headed by Zyuganov, on the one hand, and some of Semigin's supporters from the same Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, on the other, held two alternative party congresses, and the organizers of each of them called their meeting legitimate. At the second, "Semiginsk" congress, the Ivanovo governor Vladimir Tikhonov was elected chairman of the party instead of Zyuganov. The plenum of Zyuganov's supporters, in turn, unanimously removed from their posts the secretaries of the Central Committee who took part in the "pro-Semigin" plenum. In July 2004, Kommersant noted that the events that had taken place demonstrated a "real split" in the party, and that even if two Communist parties were created, none of them "would ever be the Communist Party that won elections in the mid-90s. State Duma and nearly defeated Boris Yeltsin in 1996. "

In August of the same year, the Ministry of Justice declared the congress of "Tikhonovites" illegal, revealing "facts of falsification of the number of its delegates." The CPRF itself noted that the struggle against the "Semiginism" and "attempts by the authorities to strangle the party" led to the fact that "if at the beginning of the work of the Duma of the fourth convocation there were 52 deputies in the CPRF faction, then by the end of the term there were 46 people in its ranks." In October 2004, Semigin created a public movement "Patriots of Russia", which included some of his supporters who had left the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In April 2005, a party of the same name was created on the basis of the movement (registered in July 2005).

In October 2005, the XI extraordinary congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was held, at which a new version of the party's charter was adopted (it was brought into line with the new electoral legislation). In addition, norms appeared in the charter that were supposed to strengthen the party, including the revocation of the deputy mandate for leaving the faction and reinstating in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation only a year after being expelled from the party. Much attention was paid to youth in the charter: primary organizations were allowed to create youth sections uniting members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation under the age of 30; it was emphasized that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation cooperates with the Union of Communist Youth of the Russian Federation (in 2011 it was renamed the Lenin Communist Youth Union, LKSM),,.

Political analysts noted that in the 2000s the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued to "lose" its communist governors: some of them left the party, having gone to cooperate with the authorities, others lost their posts, and in the communist press they condemned "representatives of the left into power, they go through the stages of opportunism, political betrayal, ... as a result they join the ranks of the bourgeois management elite ",,. So, in 2003, the governor of the Krasnodar Territory, Alexander Tkachev, announced the suspension of his membership in the Communist Party, and then headed the regional list of United Russia in the elections to the State Duma. In February 2005, the governor of the Kursk region, Alexander Mikhailov, who won the gubernatorial elections with the support of the Communist Party in 2002, joined United Russia. If in the spring of 2005 the Communist Party of the Russian Federation had five governors, then a year later there were three left: Nikolai Vinogradov (Vladimir region), Nikolai Maksyuta (Volgograd region) and Mikhail Mashkovtsev (Kamchatka region).

In 2004, when Putin initiated the refusal of direct elections of the heads of the subjects of the federation (the reforms were justified by the need to improve the state mechanism of the country, which faced the threat of international terrorism), the deputies of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma opposed a bill that would abolish gubernatorial elections. However, the parliamentary majority ensured the passage of this law in the first reading. At the same time, the Russian Forbes noted later, not one of the "red governors" resigned in protest against the reform.

In October 2006, three parties - "Rodina" (People's Patriotic Union), the Russian Party of Life (RPZh) and the Russian Party of Pensioners (RPP) merged into one, called "Fair Russia: Homeland, Pensioners, Life". The media noted that in this way the authorities actually created an alternative to the communists - the party of the "new left" (this is what the media called "Fair Russia"), and in the future it and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation acted as rivals in the struggle for the "left" electorate,,,,.

In September 2007, the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation approved the list of candidates from the party to participate in the elections to the State Duma of the fifth convocation. The list was headed by Zyuganov, the second and third in it were the Nobel laureate Zhores Alferov and Nikolai Kharitonov, who headed the Agro-Industrial Union. In the December 2, 2007 elections, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation successfully overcame the electoral barrier, gaining 11.57 percent of the votes of Russian voters and receiving 57 seats in the State Duma - significantly less than United Russia (315 seats), but more than the LDPR (40 seats) and "Fair Russia" (38 seats),,,. Zyuganov once again became the chairman of the faction, Ivan Melnikov was elected deputy speaker of the State Duma. Also, the communists headed two committees of the lower house: for industry (chairman - Yuri Maslyukov) and for nationalities (chairman - Valentin Kuptsov),,.

On December 15, 2007, at the extraordinary XII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Zyuganov's party members nominated him for the third time as a candidate for the presidency of Russia. "Novye Izvestia" noted innovations in Zyuganov's election campaign: according to the newspaper, the communists decided to "work more closely with the Internet", focusing on "campaigning in blogs - personal diaries of party members." On December 26, 2007, the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation registered Zyuganov as a candidate for the presidency of the Russian Federation. On March 2, 2008, presidential elections were held. First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev won them, receiving 70.28 percent of the votes of Russian voters. Zyuganov won 17.72 percent of the vote and took second place in the elections.

In 2007-2008, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation finally lost all its "red governors": Mashkovtsev resigned, Maksyuta moved to United Russia, and Vinogradov suspended membership in the Communist Party.

In November 2008, the XIII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took place, at which a "qualitatively new" version of the 1995 party program was adopted. Among the innovations, the deputy chairman of the Central Committee, Melnikov, noted the emergence of a clearly defined assessment of the country's political regime, in which "citizens are alienated from participation in managing the affairs of society. Even the norms of bourgeois democracy are being violated. Elections to government bodies are increasingly turning into a farce." The program also touched upon the "Russian question", mentioned "an open genocide of a great nation." In addition, it was argued that as a result of the authorities' policy, "a blow is being inflicted on culture and language",,. Also at the congress, the ideas of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation regarding ways to overcome the consequences of the global financial crisis were discussed: the communists traditionally proposed nationalizing the main wealth of Russia, as well as introducing a tough system of state regulation in the energy sector, in transport, in the military-industrial complex,,. In 2008-2009, members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation talked a lot about the need to change the role of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, proposing to transform it into the State Bank of Russia and, with its help, create a "state banking system for investing in the basic sectors of the economy, science, and agriculture." The Communist Party of the Russian Federation also advocated the nationalization of branch banks,,.

In various elections to the legislative assemblies of Russian regions in the late 2000s and early 2010s, the Communist Party traditionally took second place, receiving 10-20 percent of the vote, and sometimes more,. So, in the March 2011 elections, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received 28.8 percent of the votes in the Nizhny Novgorod region, and its representative became the deputy chairman of the regional legislative assembly. The communists also won some mayoral elections: for example, in 2010, Viktor Kondrashov was elected mayor of Irkutsk with the support of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (who, however, joined United Russia in February 2011). The elections to local authorities in a number of Russian regions, including the elections to the Moscow City Duma, were called scandalous media outlets. In almost all the constituent entities of the federation, "United Russia" won the majority of votes, and in the Moscow City Duma, the Communists received only three seats out of 35. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the LDPR and "Fair Russia" left the hall of the State Duma in full force,. This demarche had no effect on the activities of the State Duma, since the number of United Russia deputies was sufficient to pass any laws. On October 21, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was the last to return to the meeting room of the State Duma. On October 26, Medvedev met with representatives of the Duma factions. Zyuganov at this meeting cited evidence of fraud in the past elections and demanded the resignation of the head of the CEC, Vladimir Churov. The next day it became known that in his new message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Medvedev will announce changes in the electoral legislation. The President, in particular, proposed to unify regional legislation with respect to the federal one, including by adopting a law so that parties that gain more than 5 percent in the elections must necessarily receive representation in local parliaments.

In the 2000s, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued to actively organize protests and take part in rallies. In the mid-2000s, protests against the unpopular law on the monetization of benefits were especially massive in various regions of the country. Participants in these rallies demanded the resignation of the government and "sharply criticized" United Russia and President Putin. Party experts argued that in 2008, 95 percent of protesters across the country went to the All-Russian Communist Party actions, and in 2010 "78 percent of all participants in protest events took part in actions organized by the party." In addition to protest actions, the communists held rallies during the May holidays, as well as in November - in memory of the next anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917.

Communist Party of the Russian Federation since the beginning of the 2010s

In early summer 2011, in response to the creation of the All-Russian Popular Front by United Russia and its supporters, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation announced the formation of a new organization under the auspices of the party - the National Militia named after Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky. For the militia, the party members have prepared a "program for bringing the country out of the crisis",.

Zyuganov headed the federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the sixth convocation from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the December 2011 elections. According to the voting results, the communists gained 19.19 percent of the vote, having received 92 deputy mandates. Representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation announced large-scale falsifications of the elections, and intended to challenge their results in courts of various instances, from district courts to the Supreme Court. The communists took part in large-scale rallies "For Fair Elections" in December 2011 - February 2012 (which gathered in Moscow, according to various estimates, from 30 to 120 thousand people), but the party leadership preferred to speak at their own independent protests, and Zyuganov in December 2011 he even called one of the rallies "For Fair Elections" a harbinger of "orange leprosy",,,,,,.

In the updated State Duma, Zyuganov again led the Communist Party faction, Melnikov became the first deputy chairman of the State Duma,. Members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation headed six committees: a committee on property issues (chaired by Sergei Gavrilov), a committee on industry (Sergei Sobko), a committee on land relations and construction (Alexei Russkikh), a committee on defense (Vladimir Komoedov), a committee on regional policy and problems North and Far East (Nikolai Kharitonov), as well as the Committee for Natural Resources, Nature Management and Ecology (Vladimir Kashin).

In the same month, at the XIV Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Zyuganov was nominated as a candidate for the next presidential elections, scheduled for March 4, 2012. On December 28, 2011, his candidacy was officially registered by the CEC. During the election campaign, Zyuganov was supported by the social and political organization "Left Front", which took an active part in opposition rallies "For Fair Elections". On January 17, 2012, the "Left Front" signed an agreement with the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on joint actions in the presidential elections. In accordance with this agreement, Zyuganov pledged, if elected, to implement the basic requirements of the protest movement - to release political prisoners, reform political legislation, judicial reform and early parliamentary elections. The coordinator of the organizational department of the Left Front, Sergei Udaltsov, was appointed a confidant of Zyuganov and spoke on his behalf in debates on television. In the March 4 elections, Zyuganov came in second with about 17 percent of the vote, while Prime Minister Putin received almost 64 percent, which eliminated a second round of voting. Zyuganov did not recognize the election results.

Communist Party of the Russian Federation today: size, regional structure, funding

Despite the fact that at the time of its foundation the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was the most massive party in Russia, its numbers gradually decreased. In 1995, the party consisted of 550 thousand people, and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation had branches in all subjects of the federation, excluding Chechnya. Eleven years later, in 2006, only 184 thousand people were members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the communists stated the fact that the "natural decline" of party members (48 percent of whom were over 60 years old) amounted to 21 thousand people a year, and only 9.8 thousand new people joined a year. As of 2011, the number of the party was 154 thousand people, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation still had branches in 81 constituent entities of the federation, in addition, each of them had many local branches, in total - 2308.

In 2007, receipts for the implementation of the statutory activities of the Communist Party amounted to almost 528 million rubles. In the crisis year of 2008, the main source of funding for the Communist Party was the state budget: then they amounted to 206 million rubles. The party received another 66 million as donations from individuals and legal entities, and the receipt of funds from admission and membership fees amounted to almost 52 million rubles. In total, taking into account receipts in the form of "other property" (except money), the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in 2008 received almost 360 million rubles. In 2009, this amount increased to 379 million, and in 2010 - to 488 million.

The "main party newspaper" of the CPRF is the newspaper "Pravda", the official magazine of the party is "Political Education". Another publication close to the communists is Sovetskaya Rossiya, which nevertheless calls itself an "independent people's newspaper." The Communist Party of the Russian Federation also has many regional party publications, their number in 2009 was estimated at 87 units.

Used materials

Kirill Brainin... The final results of the presidential elections in Russia have been summed up - Vladimir Putin was elected in the first round. - First channel, 10.03.2012

Zyuganov does not recognize the results of the presidential elections. - ITAR-TASS, 04.03.2012

Russia-24: Debate Zyuganov (Udaltsov's confidant) - Prokhorov (Lyubimov's confidant). -, 25.02.2012

Foreigners are outraged: Medvedev admitted that Yeltsin did not win in 1996, and everyone is silent. - NEWSru.com, 24.02.2012

Udaltsov became a confidant of Russian presidential candidate Zyuganov. - RIA News, 22.02.2012

Kremlin: Medvedev did not claim to falsify Yeltsin's victory in the 1996 presidential elections. - Gazeta.Ru, 21.02.2012

Evgeniya Zharkova... Zyuganov and Mironov will not attend the For Fair Elections rally. - New Region, 03.02.2012

Alexey Gorbachev... Popular protest doesn't need party colors. - Independent newspaper, 23.01.2012

Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation: criminal cases initiated. - BBC News, Russian Service, 21.01.2012

Ruslan Tkhagushev, Alexey Bragin, Mikhail Surkov... To Putin - no! Zyuganov - yes! - Communist Party of the Russian Federation (kprf.ru), 21.01.2012

G. Zyuganov united with the "Left Front" before the presidential elections. - RBK, 17.01.2012

Tamara Ivanova... The leaders of the four Duma parties have officially entered the presidential election campaign. - ITAR-TASS, 28.12.2011

Zyuganov, following Zhirinovsky, was registered as a presidential candidate. - Russian News Service, 28.12.2011

The Sakharov rally could not translate the number of people into the quality of ideas. - RIA News, 24.12.2011

Andrey Medvedev... The rally "For Fair Elections": organized and within the framework of the law. - Vesti.Ru, 24.12.2011

Zhukov and Melnikov were elected first vice-speakers of the Duma. - Interfax, 21.12.2011

Communist Ivan Melnikov has the second result after United Russia Sergei Naryshkin in the election of the Chairman of the State Duma. - Official website of the Communist Party, 21.12.2011

Four factions are registered in the State Duma of the VI convocation. - RBK, 21.12.2011

Deputies from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation headed 6 committees of the new State Duma. - RBK, 21.12.2011

Zyuganov will head the Communist Party faction in the new Duma. - RIA News, 19.12.2011

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation holds a rally "For Fair Elections." - Vesti.Ru, 18.12.2011

Zyuganov nominated for president. - Infox.ru, 17.12.2011

Zyuganov ran for president. - Gazeta.Ru, 17.12.2011

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party called the rallies at Bolotnaya "orange leprosy". - RBK, 14.12.2011

The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation has announced the official results of the elections to the State Duma. - RBK, 09.12.2011

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation on electoral fraud: Society will not leave it that way. - IA Rosbalt, 05.12.2011

The Communist Party is preparing to challenge the election results in court. - BFM.ru, 05.12.2011

So who are you, Mr. Zyuganov? - ROIIVS "Rusichi", 09.11.2011

On the registration of the federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the sixth convocation, nominated by the Political Party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation". - Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (www.cikrf.ru), 14.10.2011. - № 45/374-6

Small party on the left. - Gazeta.Ru, 23.08.2011

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation will present the newly created People's Militia in Nizhny Novgorod. - RIA News, 15.07.2011

Zyuganov began to form a national militia in Nizhny Novgorod. - Interfax-Volga region, 15.07.2011

Alexander Kynev... Boycott utopia. - Gazeta.Ru, 13.07.2011

Stanislav Kuvaldin... Elections the day before. - Expert, 21.03.2011. - № 11 (745)

Four mayors joined United Russia. - Days.ru, 25.02.2011

Ekaterina Vinokurova... United Russia member was offended by the communist governor. - Gazeta.Ru, 08.02.2011

Anna Zakatnova... Forever Young. - Russian newspaper, 07.02.2011. - Federal issue No. 5400 (24)

N.V. Fokina... Results of 2010. Monitoring of protest activity. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation (kprf.ru), 12.01.2011

List of regional branches of the Communist Party. -, 01.01.2011

Election day: United Russia celebrates victory, the rest are not in favor. - RIA News, 15.03.2010

Maxim Artemiev... Where did the "Red Belt" disappear? - Forbes.Ru, 21.01.2010

Arkady Lyubarev... How to improve elections. - Gazeta.Ru, 19.11.2009

Medvedev ordered to unify the regional electoral legislation following the example of the federal one. - NEWSru.com, 12.11.2009

Roman Badanin, Elizaveta Surnacheva, Ilya Azar, Maria Tsvetkova... Rough. - Gazeta.Ru, 27.10.2009

"Be reasonable conservatives." - Interfax, 27.10.2009

The Communist Party returned to the State Duma. - IA Rosbalt, 21.10.2009

In protest, three of the four factions left the meeting room of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. - IA REGNUM, 14.10.2009

S.E. Anikhovsky... Regional party press in the ideological, agitation and propaganda work of the Communist Party (speech at the seminar). -, 19.07.2009

Give a plan of anti-crisis measures of the Communist Party! Picket at the Central Bank in Moscow. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 15.04.2009

Consolidated financial report of the political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation" (KPRF). - Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, 30.03.2009

G.A. Zyuganov in Interfax: the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a real political force capable of leading the country out of a severe crisis. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 15.12.2008

Elina Bilevskaya, Victoria Kruchinina... The crisis in the service of the Communist Party. - Independent newspaper, 01.12.2008

Victor Khamraev... "The wind of history is blowing into our sails again." - Kommersant, 01.12.2008. - No. 218 / P (4035)

XIII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation: The sixth term of Gennady Zyuganov. - Scylla (IEG Panorama), 01.12.2008

Sergei Reshulsky, deputy head of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma: "Only the voice of the communists constantly sounds in opposition to this stamping mechanism." - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 28.06.2008

The CEC summed up the results of the presidential elections. - Gazeta.Ru, 07.03.2008

The final results of the presidential elections in the Russian Federation have been announced. - RBK, 07.03.2008

Victor Trushkov... "Pravda" about the anniversary of the party: Valentin Kuptsov recalls the events associated with the convening of the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 12.02.2008

Yulia Malysheva... The communists were left without governors. - Sight, 14.01.2008

The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation registered Zyuganov as a presidential candidate. - RIA News, 26.12.2007

Four factions are registered in the new State Duma. - RIA News, 24.12.2007

List of registered deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation. - Russian newspaper, 19.12.2007

Kira Vasilieva... Image is nothing? - New news, 17.12.2007

Victor Khamraev... Gennady Zyuganov advanced to the second round. - Kommersant, 17.12.2007. - № 232(3808)

State Duma Deputy Valery Rashkin: Voters will vote for our candidate Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov. - Official website of the Communist Party, 16.12.2007

Results of elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation. - Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (vybory.izbirkom.ru), 08.12.2007

United Russia has some shortcomings on the ground. - Kommersant Daily, 04.12.2007. - 223

Daria Guseva... Third version of socialism. - News time, 24.09.2007

"Patriots of Russia". The composition of the federal troika has been announced. - RIA Elections, 24.09.2007

The list for the State Duma elections from the Social Revolutionaries will be headed by Mironov. - RIA News, 23.09.2007

The Communist Party Congress approved the party's electoral list. - RIA Elections, 22.09.2007

Valery Lavsky, Polina Dobrolyubova... Nikolai Kharitonov turned out to be agriculturally undesirable. - Kommersant, 02.07.2007. - № 113(3689)

The Kamchatka governor has resigned. - Newspaper (Gzt.ru), 23.05.2007

Alexey Pushkov: "Fair Russia" can compete with the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party for the second place in the 2007 elections. - Site of the party "Fair Russia", 28.02.2007

Andrey Sorokin... The heirs of the Communist Party. - Alternatives, 06.11.2006. - №2

Anna Tkach... The goal is the triumph of justice. - Parliamentary newspaper, 30.10.2006. - №2029(1398)

Natalia Kharlamova... Nobody thought that the development of the country would go like this. - Polit.ru, 26.09.2006

Semyon Goncharov... The Kremlin approved the Party of Life as opposition. - KM.ru, 17.08.2006

"Dictatorship of Conscience". Interview with N. Gubenko. - Soviet Russia, 17.08.2006

Mikhail Tulsky... DPR: a history of the conflict. - Political news agency, 02.08.2006

Dmitry Kamyshev... Twins again. - Kommersant-Vlast, 31.07.2006. - №30 (684)

Alla Barakhova, Victor Khamraev, Yuri Chernega, Mikhail Fishman... "Motherland" was given a new lease on life. - Kommersant, 26.07.2006. - 135

The Russian Party of Life and the Rodina Party decided to unite. - RIA News, 25.07.2006

Victor Anpilov. - Echo of Moscow, 11.07.2006

Tamara Zamyatina... "I'm tired of different tales!" - Moscow news, 06.07.2006

The plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation will set the task of increasing the number of the party by 3 times. - FORUM.msk, 17.06.2006

Presidential Election Results - 2004 (Sun March 14, 2004). - Politics, electronic periodical, 25.04.2006

The agenda of the meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation of 10.04.2006. - Bulletin of the organizational, party and personnel work of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 21.04.2006. - №7 (37)

Nadezhda Ivanitskaya... The draft governors. - Vedomosti, 21.03.2006

Ekaterina Golovina... The Communist Party will play democracy. - News, 31.10.2005

Charter of the political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation". - Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 29.10.2005

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) is an all-Russian political party. It was formed on the initiative of the communists, the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the CPSU, being their ideological successor.

The main goal of the Communist Party is to build socialism - a society of social justice on the principles of collectivism, freedom, equality. The party stands for democracy in the form of Soviets, the strengthening of a federal multinational state.

The Communist Party of the RSFSR as part of the CPSU was formed in June 1990 at a conference of Russian communists, transformed into the I (founding) congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. In June-September 1990, the composition of the Central Committee of the party was formed. After the events of August 1991, communist organizations were banned in Russia. In November 1992, the Constitutional Court of Russia overturned the ban of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. On February 13-14, 1993, the Second Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR was held. The congress announced the resumption of the activities of the party, which became known as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

The charter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was adopted by the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on February 14, 1993. Changes and additions were introduced by: IV congress on April 20, 1997, V (extraordinary) congress on May 23, 1998, VIII (extraordinary) congress on January 19, 2002, XI (extraordinary) congress on October 29, 2005.
At a meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on January 17, 2013, a resolution was adopted on the publication of the draft new charter of the Communist Party.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation builds its work on the basis of the program and charter and operates within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On Political Parties" and other laws of the Russian Federation.

The structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation includes primary branches, local branches and regional branches, which are structural subdivisions of the party.
The supreme governing body of the party is the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The permanent governing body of the party is the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The central organs of the party are the Central Committee of the Communist Party, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. The central control bodies of the party are the Central Control and Auditing Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

As of January 1, 2013, 81 regional organizations, 2278 local and 13726 primary branches function in the structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The number of the party exceeds 157 thousand people.

A member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation can be a capable citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 18, who recognizes and implements the program and charter of the party, is registered and participates in the work of one of the primary party branches, and regularly pays membership fees.

The party has its own flag, anthem, emblem and other symbols.
The flag of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a red cloth, the width of which is two-thirds of its length. The anthem of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is "Internationale". The emblem of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a hammer, sickle and an open book interconnected, symbolizing the solidarity of workers, peasants and intelligentsia.

The political party "" (hereinafter referred to as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation or the Communist Party of the Russian Federation) was created on a voluntary basis by citizens of the Russian Federation, united on the basis of a community of interests to implement its programmatic and statutory goals.

Formed on the initiative of the communists, the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the CPSU, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continues the work of the RSDLP - RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - VKP (b) - CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR, being their ideological successor. IN AND. Lenin dated the emergence of the Communist Party, Bolshevism "as a trend of political thought and as a political party" from 1903, i.e. from the II Congress of the RSDLP.

The leaders, general (first) secretaries, chairmen of the party for the 110-year period were: V. I. Lenin(until 1924), J.V. Stalin(until 1953), N.S. Khrushchev(1953-1964), L.I.Brezhnev(1964-1982), Yu.V. Andropov(1982-1983), K.U. Chernenko(1983-1984), M. S. Gorbachev(1984-1991), as well as in the Communist Party of the RSFSR - I.K.Polozkov(1990-1991), V. A. Kuptsov(1991), G.A. Zyuganov(from February 1993 - from the moment of the re-establishment of the Communist Party of the RSFSR - the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and up to the present).

The party operated underground and semi-legally from 1903 to February 1917. Legally - from March 1917. As the ruling party RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - VKP (b) - CPSU and KP of the RSFSR operated from November 7 (October 25 to Art.) 1917 to August 23, 1991. Exercised executive power as part of a coalition government from November 1917 to July 1918 (coalition with the Party of Left SRs), as well as from September 1998 to May 1999. (coalition government of Primakov-Maslyukov).

Based on the Decrees of President B. N. Yeltsin in 1991-1992 and after the execution of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in 1993 year activities of the Communist Party in the Russian Federation was banned (suspended).

At the end of 1992, after the decision of the Constitutional Court of the RSFSR, which recognized unconstitutional the provisions of the Decrees of President Boris Yeltsin on the dissolution of the organizational structures of the primary party organizations formed on a territorial basis, the party resumed its activities.

Another one an attempt to ban the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and arrest the leaders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and Communist deputies of the State Duma was undertaken in March 1996 after the State Duma denounced the Belovezhskaya agreements on the dissolution of the USSR.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is the party that continues the causeRSDLP- RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - VKP (b) - The Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of the RSFSR has been registered with the authorities of the current Russian Federation since the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communists of Russia (February 13-14, 1993) as the restored Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Current name - Political Party " COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION».

Communist Party of the Russian Federation - the party of patriots, internationalists, the party of friendship of peoples, protection of Russian, Russian civilization... The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, defending communist ideals, protects the interests of the working class, the peasantry, the intelligentsia, and all working people. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation builds its work on the basis of the Program and the Charter.

On January 1, 2013 in the structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation are functioning 81 regional organizations, 2278 local and 13726 primary branches... Over the past four years, there has been a steady increase in the total number of party ranks. Today the number of the party exceeds 157 thousand people.

If you are an adult citizen of the Russian Federation, you are not a member of another party, you share the Program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and recognize its Charter, are not indifferent to the fate of our Motherland and consider capitalism an unjust organization of society, if you want to fight for communist ideals, you can become a communist! More about how to join the Communist Party You can find out in relevant section... If you share the ideas of the Communist Party, are not indifferent to what is happening in Russia today and are ready to provide the CPRF with all possible assistance, then You can become a supporter of the Communist Party.

O governing body structure party you can find information in the section Structure of governing bodies.

If you would like to familiarize yourself with the official documents of the Communist Party, materials about meetings of the Presidium, Plenums, Congresses, etc., you can find all this in the section Official documents of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.

To get contact information, you can find everything you need in the section of the same name. Contact Information .

The Communist Party's banner is red.

The anthem of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is “Internationale”.

The symbol of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a symbol of the union of workers of the city, village, science and culture - a hammer, a sickle and a book.

The motto of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is "Russia, labor, democracy, socialism!"