How to breed color in a water based proportion paint. What materials should be purchased for tinting an aqueous emulsion

Thanks to modern technology, interior designers become real wizards. In no time they will make any room stylish and original. Recently, more and more attention is paid to color design. The most popular are non-standard shades that can be obtained by mixing colors.

Process basics

Manufacturers of paints and varnishes presented a fairly wide range on the market. But it’s not always possible to choose what is ideal for the interior. Combining several shades can save time and money.

In many specialized stores, you can use the services of a specialist to help make the right color. But if you know the basic rules of how to mix dyes, you can do it yourself at home.

When mixing, you need to remember one important rule: you can not combine liquid products with a dry mixture. They have different indices, so the coloring composition may eventually curl.

The most interesting part of the process is creating the right shade. There are four primary colors:

• blue;
• red;
• green.

By mixing them you can get any other. Here are some good examples:

1. Brown will turn out if you combine red and green. To make a lighter shade, you can add a little white.
2. - the result of a mixture of yellow and red.
3. If you need green, you need to combine the yellow and blue colors.
4. To get, you need to mix blue and red.
5. Red and white will result in pink.

So you can mix ad infinitum.

Mix Acrylic Based Materials

Designers love acrylic paints the most. It is very easy to work with them, the finished coating has excellent water-repellent properties. Their application has several nuances:

1. The working surface should be perfectly flat and smooth. To do this, it must be sanded.
2. It is important that the paint does not dry out.
3. To obtain an opaque color use undiluted paint. Conversely, for transparency, you can add a little water.
4. To be able to slowly select the right color, it is recommended to use. Thanks to him, the product will not dry so quickly.
5. For the distribution of paint using the edges of the brush.
6. Mixing is best done with a clean tool. In this case, the colors should be directed towards each other.
7. To make a light tone, you need to add a white dye to the solution, and to get a dark one - black. It is worth remembering that the palette of dark colors is much wider than light.

Here are some examples of mixing acrylic-based coloring agents:

1. Apricot color is obtained by mixing red, yellow, brown and white.
2. The recipe involves a combination of brown and white. If you need bright beige, you can add a little yellow. For a light beige shade, you need more white.
3. Golden is the result of mixing yellow and red colors.
4. Ocher is yellow with brown. By the way, it is considered popular this season.
5. can be done by mixing green dye with brown.
6. To get magenta, you need three different colors: red, yellow, and blue.

Mix oil paints

Oil-based paints are more fluid, which necessitates a more thorough mixing of the compositions if tones are mixed. The specificity and properties of oil tinting give such advantages:

• the tone will be the most uniform, so the paint is perfect for decorating any surfaces;
• if desired, you can leave streaks in the paint, which will allow you to create unusual effects on the canvas or wall.

Oil mixing

Before work, it is important to evaluate whether individual tones can be combined with each other, which will result in the end. If you put a little glossy paint into the matte, the result will be inexpressive. Adding matte paint to a shiny one helps make the latter a little more muffled.

Brown tones

Red tones

1. The basis for white is considered to be white. Red is added to it. The brighter the desired hue, the more red should be added.
2. To get a rich chestnut, you need to mix red and black.
3. Bright red-orange color - red and a little yellow. The larger the latter, the paler the result.
4. You can give the dye a purple hue by mixing a few drops of bright blue and yellow and red pigment.
5. To create, according to the recipe, you need to mix bright red + white + brown + blue. The more white, the pinker the shade.

A deep green color is formed when yellow and blue are combined. The saturation of the finished dye depends on the amount of each of them. To create shades, you need to add other colors to green:

1. For need white.
2. To get the olive color you need green and a few drops of yellow.
3. A hue of grass can be obtained by mixing green with blue. Yellow paint will help align the color.
4. The color of the needles is the result of mixing green with black and yellow.
5. By gradually mixing green with white and yellow, you can make an emerald tone.

Purple tones

Purple is obtained by mixing blue and red. You can also use blue and pink colors - the final color will be light, pastel. To darken the finished tone, artists use black paint, which is added in very small portions. Here are the nuances for creating shades of purple:

• for light violet, you can dilute the finished color with white in the right ratio;
• for magenta, you need to enter a larger amount of red paint than blue.

Orange color

When creating a classic orange, combine one part of the yellow and red paint. But for many types of paint you have to take more yellow, otherwise the color will turn out too dark. Here are the basic shades of orange and how to get them:

• for light orange take pink and yellow, you can also enter a little white paint;
• for coral requires dark orange, pink, white in equal proportions;
• for peach, colors like orange, yellow, pink, white are needed;
• for a redhead you need to take a dark orange and a little brown.

Important rule

Many people ask: is it possible to mix paints from different manufacturers? It is desirable that the mixed dyes be made by the same company. Even better, they were from the same batch. Mixing dyes from different companies is not recommended. Often they have different properties, for example, density, brightness, etc. Because of this, the finished coating may curl.

If there is a desire to take a chance, you can combine a little bit of one and the other paint and apply the resulting solution to the surface. If it thickens or lumps together, the experiment failed.

Computer help

You can mix several colors correctly using special computer programs. They help to see the final result and determine in percentage terms how much one or another tone needs to be added. Such programs will help you figure out which shade you can get from the tools that are available. They consist of several elements:

1. A button that removes tones from a set.
2. Color names.
3. Lines of input or output to or from calculation.
4. Samples.
5. A button that introduces colors into a set.
6. Result windows.
7. Windows and a list of new choices.
8. The composition of the finished dye in a percentage ratio.

Mixing several different colors is a fairly common technique among designers. Unusual shades will help to decorate the interior, make it original or even unique. You can mix dyes even at home. There are many recipes for creating this or that shade. For example, to get beige, you need to combine white and brown, and for pink - white with red.

It is recommended that you always have a thinner on hand that prevents the paint from drying out quickly. Do not mix funds from different manufacturers, because in the end you will get poor-quality coverage. To find out the final result of mixing, you can use a special computer program.

Color for acrylic paint is usually selected in the case when the finished material is not available in the desired shade. Correctly mixing the white base with one or more tinting compositions, you can get any, even the most complex, tone.

Working with color always involves some difficulties, therefore, when starting to create an original shade, it is important to consider some of the subtleties and professional techniques.

Machine tinting

In large stores of finishing materials, acrylic paints are presented in a wide variety of colors. You can get acquainted with the various options by looking at the shades catalog.

It is very convenient to order the paint of the selected tone in the right amount without leaving the counter. Thanks to a special computer program, the machine will mix the dye with a white base in the required proportions, and the problem will be solved.

It is advisable to calculate the flow rate in advance in order to purchase the material in one batch. Even with machine mixing, there may be a slight difference in the tone of the compositions tinted in one color, which will lead to a visual defect in the decorative coating.

Manual tinting

If among the dozens of shades presented in the store’s catalog there is not a single sample that would fully meet the requirements, do not give up your ideas and compromise, because the color in the interior is of great importance! You just have to be patient and tint the acrylic paint yourself. You will also need this method if there is no store nearby with the installation of computer tinting.

What is required?

No complicated fixtures are needed. Decide on the color and prepare everything you need.

1. White base paint. It is taken in an amount sufficient to cover the entire surface to be finished. It’s easy to calculate the costs, because the manufacturer always indicates the consumption of material per 1 square. meter. It is recommended to add one tenth of it to the resulting figure in order to avoid an accidental lack of composition. Keep in mind that usually acrylic paint is applied to the surface in two layers, so that the coating is saturated and even in tone.
2. Tint (one or more, depending on the complexity of the desired shade).
3. Container for mixing. The material is tinted in one large container (bucket or basin), so that in the end a completely uniform tone composition is obtained for coloring the entire surface.
4. Construction mixer or drill with a special nozzle.
5. Small container for sample preparation.
6. A pipette or syringe, which is convenient to add color, while counting drops (if the bottle with color is not equipped with a narrow nose).

Important: the colorant must correspond in composition to the base solution or be universal. It is impossible to tint acrylic paint based on an organic solvent with a water-soluble pigment (and, conversely, water-based - organic).

Create a probe

In order not to make a mistake with the color and not to spoil all the purchased material, it is better to color the minimum amount, calculating the proportions. It is done like this:

• pour 100 ml of white paint into a small container;
• draw liquid pigment into a pipette and drip, counting each drop, into a future probe (start with a small portion of the color);
• write down the numbers on paper;
• mix thoroughly;
• add color until you get the desired shade, and each time fix the number of drops on paper to make the final calculation.

It is advisable to prepare the probe precisely in the room to be finished, and under the lighting usual for this room. The fact is that natural daylight and a chandelier or sconce differently “beat” the same shade.

Make sure that the lighting and the shade you create do not "argue" with each other. To do this, apply paint on a piece of plywood or thick cardboard, let it dry and take a closer look from a distance of several meters and from different angles. Everything is good? Then it's time to take the next step.

Getting the right shade

When the probe is ready, you can begin to mix the bulk of the paint.

The calculations will be as follows: for one liter of white composition, you need to take 4/5 of the amount of color spent on the probe, multiplying them by 10.

For example: you added 10 drops of one dye and 5 drops of another to 100 ml of paint. So, per liter of white base you will take 80 and 40 drops, respectively. The amount can be reduced a little more if you are in doubt, because adding brightness if necessary will not be difficult, but bleaching the tone will no longer be possible.

Now the composition needs to be mixed very carefully. Use a construction mixer or a drill head, so things will go faster. Turn on the appliance at low speeds (whipping paint is undesirable).

Tinting can also be done independently, by calculating the proportion first on a small part, and then mixing the entire volume.

It is quite difficult to manually mix it qualitatively, there may be small errors that appear on the surface in the form of stains, spots and stripes.

What to consider when self-tinting?

Before tinting a white compound in the selected color, consider the following:

1. Acrylic paints intended for interior decoration differ in the degree of whiteness (this is especially true for water dispersions). The higher this indicator, the better the base material, as well as a cleaner and juicier tone when tinting.
2. On the packaging of materials, manufacturers often make a mark “for ceilings” or “for walls”. These recommendations should not be neglected, since the technical characteristics of such compositions are always different. The walls are finished with paints that create a more resistant to abrasion and pollution coating, and ceilings, as a rule, are treated with vapor-permeable coloring agents.
3. In a wide area, the color looks brighter, and on a wall with a window opening - darker. The textured painted surface will also look darker by a tone or two.
4. Glossy coating “plays” with shades present in the interior, reflects light, and matte usually looks more restrained and monotonous.

Features of tint for acrylic paint

Pigments for acrylic paints are produced on an organic and inorganic basis. The former have a rich palette of colors, and the shades created with their use are obtained as bright as possible (sometimes even “poisonous”). The second ones are more suitable for tinting paints in delicate, natural, pastel colors. They are used in the decoration of children's rooms and bedrooms.

Organic dyes are unstable to fading, so over time they lose their brightness under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Inorganic pigments are lightfast, so they can be used for facade work.

Colorings are available in the form of liquids, pastes and powders.

Liquid pigments give shades of almost any complexity when mixed with a white base. They are usually used for the artistic painting of walls and ceilings. If the drawing needs an exceptionally bright color, you can apply liquid color in a pure form.

Pastes are quite simple to use, but their saturation and color characteristics are very inaccurate, and sometimes even absent, so the tinting result may be unexpected.

It is inconvenient to work with powders: it is difficult to determine the right amount of pigment, it is difficult to mix with paint. The choice of colors is small, but dry colors are the most affordable.

Attention: when mixed with acrylic paint, the amount of colorant should not exceed 8% of the total volume of finishing material.

Work with paints is a fascinating process. Remember how you played in childhood with watercolor, mixing paints. You can also play now. Mixing colors can come in handy for repairs, hobbies, etc.

Primary and complementary colors

As you know, there are three primary (red, blue, yellow) and three complementary colors (purple, orange, green). These are basic colors. By combining them, you can get all the other colors and their shades (theoretically yes, in practice a slightly different situation). In the figure, the primary colors are represented by circles, and additional colors are formed at the intersection of the pairs. These pairs show how mixing the colors of the main row gives extra.

In practice, mixing colors is an interesting process, but often the result is difficult to predict. We work with paints, and they are a mixture of a coloring pigment and a binder base. That is, they have their own properties due to the presence of that very base. After all, paints are different - oil, acrylic, aniline, etc. Accordingly, the result will be slightly different. When you work with paints of one company for a long time, you can almost accurately predict what will happen if you add one or another component.

It is also worth remembering that if you mix light rather than paint, the result will be different. Colors are only a reflection of light, and not all laws work with them the same way.

Additional colors: orange, purple, green, their shades and brown

The pairing of the primary colors gives us additional shades:

• Orange is obtained by mixing red with yellow.
• Purple will turn out if you add blue to red.
• Green can be obtained by mixing yellow and blue.

Mixing colors should be in equal proportions. In this case, we get a “neutral” tone. If the result you are not satisfied with, you can add one of the components, "shifting" the shade in one direction or another.

Please note that red with blue does not always give purple. Often this color mixing produces a “mud color”. This is because your red contains yellow, that is, it is not the main one, but only one of the shades. To get purple, there should be pink or purple instead of red. On the other hand, mixing pink and yellow does not get blue. So to get a particular color, first experiment with a small amount of paint. Having ascertained as a result, you can repeat in the necessary volume.

If we add to the obtained additional colors the basic ones that are already present in them, we get the same color, but of a different shade. We did not introduce new colors, we simply changed the concentration of one of the available ones. So we get mixed colors: yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green and light green.

What will happen if we add one to the additional colors that is not in it? It will result in a mixture of all the available primary colors, and it will give us a brown color (when working with light it will be gray, but with colors it will be either brown or very close to it). So, to get brown, you need to mix all the basic colors: yellow + red + blue. Or add “missing” to one of the additional ones:

• add yellow to violet;
• to green - red;
• orange complement with blue.

That is, to get a brown color, you can mix three primary colors or add the missing of the primary ones to the additional ones. Interestingly, if we mix the same light waves, we get gray light. But colors are just a reflection of light, so there are certain differences.

The color wheel - how to make it

If the colors - primary and secondary - are arranged in a circle, according to how they turned out, we get a traditional color wheel. The circle is divided into 12 parts. At the vertices of the triangle, the sectors are filled with primary colors.

Their derivatives, obtained from equal shares of neighboring flowers, are in the center of the sector. They are called "complementary colors of the first level." To the right and left of them are the shades that were obtained by adding another part of the corresponding component. So we get our own color wheel.

Please note: mixing paints from different companies gives different shades. Therefore, creating a color wheel is useful if you intend to work with certain colors for a while. Looking at the result, and knowing how you got it, you can understand what you can add to get the desired shade.

Getting shades

All colors that are in nature are called chromatic. This is all the variety of colors and their shades. In nature, three colors are not found in pure form - white, black and gray. They are called achromatic. By adding achromatic colors to others, we get different shades.

For example, pink is obtained by adding white paint to red. For blue - add the same white to blue. And so with all the colors that are present in the color wheel. The lighter we want the shade, the more white paint. Sometimes - for very light shades - it's easier to get it by adding the right dye to the white paint. Such light shades are called pastel.

To obtain pastel shades with a “dusted” effect, gray is added to the main colors. Please note that several achromatic colors can be added. For example, they got the desired “degree” of pale purple, then some gray was added to it. Got a tone a little more muffled.

If you want to make dark out of saturated color, add black to the base color. This is where you should be very careful, add a little, carefully stirring.

How to mix paints to get the right color

Everything described above is easily implemented in practice, if you need "simple" colors that are obtained from a mixture of primary and secondary. Add to them achromatic labor will not be. By experimenting with the amount of "additives", you can, in the end, get exactly the shade that you wanted. By the way, try to find your color on a small amount, mixing on the palette. At home, the palette can be replaced with a plastic plate. If you mix paint for its application in the interior (on the walls, for example), having received the color that you like, apply it to a small area and let it dry. You will see that the color has become a couple of tones lighter. And this must be taken into account when creating your own shade.

How to get shades of red

Remember that red is one of the three main colors. It is impossible to get it by mixing some colors. It can be obtained as a pigment from natural sources. Using it as a basis, adding other tones, and we get its various shades. How to mix paints to obtain the desired colors (chestnut, raspberry, plum, pink, etc.) is indicated in the table.

Please note that some shades based on red are plum, for example, it is difficult to attribute to its shades. However, it is in red that the remaining components are added. In contrast, raspberry, which we used to consider one of the red shades, is made on the basis of blue. These are the games of color.

Separately, it is worth mentioning how to get a burgundy color. Its base is blue, add yellow and red. By changing the number of different components, we get different shades. To get dark tones, add brown or black, for brighter variations - more red.

Shades of the green palette: mixing colors to get shades

As we remember, green is not basic. This is the primary color that is obtained by mixing yellow and blue paints. And this is the difficulty: a different number of components gives different colors. Getting the same one is extremely difficult. If you do not have basic green, and you get it by mixing, then it should be enough to complete all the work.

Please note that in the paint mixing table, somewhere the basis is green, somewhere yellow is registered with the addition of blue. The difference is in the amount of color. If the primary color is yellow, there should be more.

There is no mint color in the table, but it is quite popular. In fact, mint is a clarified shade of turquoise. We get turquoise from blue, adding green. By mixing white with it, we get its various gradations. To them, you can add a little (very little) yellow, blue, green. All this will be that color, but with a different "sound."

But colors are a strange thing. You can try other options. It all depends on what you mix - paints, clay, plasticine ... So, for light mint, here are some of the options you can try:

• white + blue + green + a fraction of emerald or brown to muffle;
• white + emerald + blue (blue);
• beige + turquoise + white + a little light green.

There are many options, since “tinted” colors are already used. If you have them (in paints, for example), then why not. You can go in stages - create the same emerald or turquoise, and then add others. In general, for beginners in color, it is easier to work with basic colors. Then comes experience and instinct. And so it is possible to carry out a lot of material on experiments.

Blue and its shades: mix colors

As we recall, blue refers to the primary - this is one of the three basic colors, on the basis of which we get all the richness of the palette. Moreover, “blue” - can be dark or bright. Accordingly, the result is different. This is the case when, depending on the base, really different colors are obtained.

Not all options are included in the table. Add some:

• Light blue we get by adding white paint.
• Cornflower blue - we get it if we add red-brown to the violet and a drop of blue and black.
• To get blue-green, mix yellow (1 part) and green (2 parts).
• We get classic blue by mixing purple with blue in equal proportions. If you add another portion of white, it will be light blue (or blue-white).

Of the blue palette, turquoise is of particular interest. It is obtained by combining blue and green. Shades should be "clean", then the result will be spectacular. This color is on the verge of blue and green. Some shades have a predominant blue, some - green.

To get a darker shade, add brown or gray. The result will be different. For a warmer and lighter shade, you can try to enter beige.

Mixing colors: how to get purple

As they wrote at the very beginning, mixing blue and red, we get purple. In theory, everything is fine, but when you start, mixing colors gives the wrong result. And the thing is what kind of shades of red and blue to take.

For example, if the blue is dark, the result will be very saturated, almost black (in the figure below the first line). If you add white to it, it will lighten, but as a result we get gray-purple. Even if you add more red, it “clears up” only to eggplant. But we will not get brighter.

If blue is added to the same red, we get medium-violet. And again, it is dim, and dark, saturated. Entering more red, we get plum. If it is highlighted in white, it will already be a warm, but still dim shade. This is already a little more interesting, but still not that.

We get a more cheerful light lilac if we mix pink and blue. A double portion of red gives an amethyst. These colors are well diluted with white, a whole gamut of pastel shades is obtained.

But how to get bright shades of purple? Mixing the base colors is difficult to achieve. The basis is bright lilac, to which different colors are added.

Blue-violet or cornflower blue will turn out if you add blue to the lilac (far left). Paired with indigo we get a cold version, adding pink, we have amethyst. Adding red, we will have berry. All of these colors can be made lighter by adding white paint.

What you should not do is add yellow to the purple paint. We get the "color of the mud" - slurred and incomprehensible. Very neat with black. He quickly reduces all the shades obtained to dark gray. If you need a darker shade, better add a dark indigo.

How to get gray color by mixing colors

One of the very necessary colors is gray. It is added to bright colors to obtain less saturated shades, it is used as a base, as it is neutral and serves as an ideal tone. But “gray” is not one color. They are also a whole gamut. First of all, we get gray if we add a little black paint to white. But this is far from the only way to get gray. Mixing colors of an additional level also gives it, and with different "backlighting".

And that is not all. Gray has no less shades than blue or red. They are not as bright as others, but the difference is also quite tangible.

Getting gray based on white

Similarly, there are neutral, warm and cold tones. If you want to have warm shades, add orange or pink to gray. If you need only a subtle shade, there should not be much color. Adding it a little more, get "dusted" or pearl shades. These are called blue-gray, gray-pink, etc.

The resulting colors can be made lighter by adding white paint. Such “mix” colors will be a good background for creating an interior. In a lighter version, they can be used as a base, adding accents that are combined with tinted accents.

Mix paints for yellow and orange.

Yellow is one of the primary colors, but it can be obtained by mixing green with orange. But usually yellow comes in a set, it is almost always there. In his palette there is another very popular color - orange. It lies on the border of two colors - red and yellow. Mixing these paints in different proportions, we get the whole gamut of shades. Adding white, brighten it to the desired level.

To get darker shades, add brown or orange to orange or yellow. Not black and not gray - they quickly dampen the color, turning it into an incomprehensible something. Sometimes you can get a darker shade by adding dark red paint. Interestingly, you can get a bright light orange by adding yellow to pink.

By the way, orange is also often included. It is usually brighter than that which can be obtained by mixing primary colors. If you need bright shades, you have to use it. For example, coral. It belongs to the red group, but color mixing is carried out on the basis of red-orange. Pink and white are added to it. We take all paints in approximately equal amounts. The second option for obtaining coral color is simpler - add white to the scarlet. But it turns out he is not so bright.

Such a difficult brown color

Brown can be obtained by mixing three primary colors in equal proportions. Get the “medium” brown. It can not be attributed to either warm or cold.

But mixing colors of the second and third levels can also give one of its shades.

• When combining red and green, we get almost the same shade.
• Orange and blue in equal proportions give a tan.
• Almost the same color, but colder, is obtained from gray and orange, mixed in equal amounts.
• We get chocolate if we add dark indigo to light brown.
• We get a red-brown one, if we mix green and bright orange in equal shares, add a little less lilac.

Dark brown can be obtained by mixing yellow and red, and adding a drop of black. To not be too dark, add a little white.

Interesting shades can be obtained if the brown obtained by mixing the primary colors (red, blue and yellow) increases the “presence” of one or two components. Adding white, we get interesting options.

Often the design of the premises requires an unusual shade of paint, which is difficult to find in the construction departments. Usually, a standard palette of finishing materials is released for sale. Tinting the paint with your own hands saves in such cases, it allows you to get a rare and unusual color of the material. The article will discuss methods and technologies for obtaining unique shades, including machine and computer methods.

Tinting purpose

Tinting is called the mixing process of coloring compounds and coatings for obtaining the desired colors. Construction companies often order this service from professional companies. However, in the absence of such an opportunity or the independent performance of finishing work, tinting can be done with your own hands.

The process of selecting and kneading color is indispensable in the following cases:

• getting color to match the furniture or decoration of the room;
• repair of a small area of \u200b\u200ba wall or ceiling when it is necessary to obtain the exact shade for the spot restoration of the damaged area;
• if there is a lack of a rare type of paint, it is difficult to purchase a few more jars of material, it will be easier to perform independent tinting or to order paint in a special company;
• selection of an individual palette for the interior.

Tinting is indispensable for cosmetic repairs. It allows you to reduce the front of work many times. When choosing the right shade, it is enough to restore small scuffs and defects.

Types of tinting systems

It is very difficult to achieve the desired shade by simply adding paint “by eye”. To facilitate the search for colors using the so-called tinting system. The technology of kneading colors is a mixture of the basis and color in exact proportions. Coloring agents are called color concentrates that have a very saturated tone. Pigments in such formulations can be either organic or inorganic. The first ones allow you to get saturated shades, but have some disadvantages:

• may not be used on all surfaces;
• subject to burnout when in contact with ultraviolet light.

Pigments of inorganic origin have a wider color palette, and most importantly - they are highly resistant to atmospheric phenomena. Such dyes are used to knead bright colors - orange, purple, green and others.

They produce colors in the form of powders, often pastes. They may contain binder resins. In the construction industry, universal pastes are common, which can be used with a large number of paints. For narrow categories of paints and varnishes, highly specialized colors are used.

Universal compounds can be used for mixing shades of paint for walls, facades and other things, specialized compounds are used exclusively for those types of compositions with which they are compatible.

The advantages of such a composition include simple application and the ability to change the shade in the course of kneading. However, color pastes are not without drawbacks: they have uneven intensity, which can cause an inaccurate shade after mixing colors.

The composition of the color paints is identical to the coatings with which they must be mixed. There are acrylic, water-based and other types of pigment materials. When adding such compounds to white paint, you can get the right color. To achieve a clear, saturated color, a concentrated colorant is used.

Dry pigments are cheaper than other coloring formulations, but at the same time they have a wide range of shades. The main disadvantage of bulk compositions is the difficult adjustment of the shade during the kneading process (it is not recommended to add a dry composition to the paint during tinting).

Characteristics of famous color schemes

The construction market offers a wide selection of domestic, European and American colors. From foreign materials, it is worth noting the compositions of Tikkuril and Huls. Domestic manufacturers are famous for their poor quality, many colorants from Russian manufacturers are distinguished by excellent color quality and low cost. The leading positions in this area are occupied by the Izhevsk manufacturer Palette, the St. Petersburg company Olki-Uniloker and the company Dli.

Tikkurila

Tinting with pigments from this manufacturer is carried out according to the Tikkurila Symphony system, it is developed taking into account the chemical compositions. The company assures the consumer of the absolute success of the search for shade. The system from Tikkuril is used to obtain shades for general work and household paints. The palette from this company includes about 2300 shades, 10 of which are white.

A separate section of the company is devoted to the development of compositions for painting facades. This line produces 230 colors for processing materials of various types. When working with surfaces treated with varnishes and antiseptics, compositions from a separate section of Natural Color are used. This name is used to indicate Swedish and Norwegian standards. The system is considered generally accepted throughout the world. The basic set of shades of the system includes white, red, yellow, blue and green colors. Other tones are reduced to coincide with the basic and are indicated by codes. The presence of a letter in the name indicates compliance with some basic shade (W-white, Y-yellow, etc.). The numbers in the code indicate the percentage of color in the hue.

Tex

The Tex company produces compounds using foreign pigments. The production of material is carried out on high-tech German equipment. The compositions have two forms of release: pastes and paints.

Pastes from Tex are considered universal, they can be used in tandem with different types of finishing materials.

Note! The percentage of Tex color in paintwork materials should not exceed 10 percent of the total weight of the composition. Remember that the shade depends on the quality of the base.

Tex tint is available for use with waterborne paints and is weather resistant, including low temperature. The composition can be used for both indoor and outdoor work.

Aqua color

The St. Petersburg company is engaged in the production of universal colors. Pigments from this company can be added to all types of coatings, including cement and lime mortars. Colors Aqua-Color do not change the original characteristics of the base. The brand price is affordable for any consumer.

Rogneda

Dali colors produced by the Moscow company Rogneda are intended for:

• independent use of the material in the decoration of various kinds of surfaces;
• tinting of decorative plasters and water-based materials.

The advantages of Dali dyes are their resistance to temperature extremes and sunlight. In addition, the compositions have a high degree of adhesion to the surface to be painted. The company's palette has a huge number of shades with varying degrees of intensity.

The difference between computer and manual tinting method

To obtain the desired shade, both the machine and manual methods are used, each of which has its pros and cons.

To get the tone by hand, you need a base (base white paint) and a set of colorant. Color mixing starts right before applying the material. To do this, the pigment is poured (poured) into the paint, taking into account the proportions indicated in the instructions. After that, the tinted paint is thoroughly mixed. Such tinting has such advantages as:

• low cost;
• availability and the ability to independently choose the color right on the spot;
• obtaining unusual tones for which several compositions from the tinting catalog are used at once.

The disadvantage of this method is that the resulting shade is problematic to reproduce again. Therefore, it is used for repair and design of private interiors, for which many paintwork is not required.

When receiving a computer shade, you just need to select the color of the tint, and the system itself will measure the portion, add and mix it, and at the output it will give the finished composition. This method has many advantages:

• fast obtaining the desired shade;
• color reproduction function an infinite number of times;
• wide palette of paint colors in the tinting catalog.

The disadvantages of this method include the impossibility of mixing the mixture on the object. In addition, with this method it is impossible to obtain a unique and complex color.

Features of tinting different paintwork materials

There are universal colors that can be added to almost any paintwork. They are suitable for tinting material for work on interiors and facades.

Tinting pigments with different colors should take into account the following recommendations:

• To color the facades using colors that are resistant to atmospheric phenomena and the sun. When tinting a water-based paint, the pigment mass for the entire working composition should not exceed 20 percent.
• Pigments for working with aqueous paints can be used for tinting adhesive, latex and dispersion formulations.
• The amount of dye when tinting acrylic paints should exceed 9 percent of the total composition.

The compatibility of paints and pigments largely depends on the manufacturer and the composition of the substance.

Manual tinting instruction

If you have not previously received a touch of paint, you should use the manual. The process of tinting with your own hands is as follows:

If the color on the wall suits you, test kneading is considered successful. Now the same process is repeated on large volumes. To do this, calculate the ratio of tint to volume of the base. 20 percent is taken out of the resulting figure, this will ensure that the test shade coincides with the final one (on a small surface, the shade looks duller than on a large one).

Advice! To make the color more clear and precise, use the tinting table. It helps to choose not only shades, but also the compatibility of formulations from different manufacturers.

Following this simple instruction, you will be able to independently obtain the desired tones that are not available in stores. Remember that choosing a color is a creative process, so don't be afraid to experiment, but within reason. Do not add too much color to the paint, this can cause poor-quality decoration. The main rule of tinting is slowness, add a little pigment and knead the paint thoroughly.

The paint mixing table allows you to create a huge palette of bright colors from 3 basic colors. It is very exciting! The main thing is to choose the right paint according to the color mixing table.

Artist's workshop: magic lessons

1. The combination of two adjacent colors of the spectrum gives shades with different intensities of these colors. For example, yellow and orange when applied give yellow-orange or orange-yellow, depending on which of these 2 colors prevails. If, in equal proportions, mix 3 shades located next to each other on the color wheel, for example, yellow, red and orange, you get the same orange, but more dirty.

2. When added to any color of white, its pastel shades of different intensities are obtained.

3. Mixing in equal proportions 2 primary colors, which are separated by 1 shade on the color wheel, we get exactly the intermediate color that separates them. For example, red + blue \u003d purple.

4. An equal combination of 2 contrasting colors (located opposite each other on the color wheel) always gives gray with a touch of one of these colors. For example, red + green, cyan + orange, etc. Interestingly, if you mix complementary colors in a ratio of 2/1, you get an absolute gray (without additional shades).

5. The 3 primary colors located next to each other, when applied in equal proportions, also form gray, for example, green + yellow + orange. Pay attention to the striking regularity: harmonious color combinations (which you can get with the color wheel) when mixing them shades give a gray color - balancing, absorb each other.

Create new colors from the paint mixing table.

As we already know, there are only 3 colors that cannot be obtained by mixing others. But from them you can create all the other shades. These magical colors are red, yellow and blue. By the way, mixing them with each other in equal proportions, you can get black. To create all the other shades of the palette, see the table below:

The color mixing table and the color wheel are used not only in painting, they are simply indispensable for tinting and mixing decorative plaster in construction, in perfumery and soap making, for dyeing fabrics, batik, etc.

Color Spectrum: Discover the secrets of the rainbow

Isaac Newton, passing the light through a prism, received a multi-colored ray, called the spectrum. For the convenience of combining colors, the continuous line of the spectrum with all its transitional tones was turned into a circle. As you know, in the color spectrum there are three main shades (red, blue and yellow), when they are paired with each other, three more secondary shades (green, orange and purple) are obtained. It is these 6 shades that form the color circle, and each of them has additional colors (blue and red violet, yellow green, purple, red and yellow orange, blue and yellow green). Newton, by the way, distinguished 7 colors, adding to the spectrum still blue, which, along with the six main ones, is considered the color of the rainbow. By mixing these shades, making them to varying degrees darker or lighter, you can get a full gamut of colors.

I would like to immediately make a reservation that the division of the spectrum is arbitrary and depends on the characteristics of our perception. A person can highlight up to 1000 tones in the color spectrum. It is interesting that reptiles and birds do not distinguish between blue hues, and some fish see everything around in red. It is believed that for cats the colorful world around us looks duller, but they distinguish a huge variety of shades of gray.

Color gamut table

The colors of the spectrum are called chromatic as opposed to achromatic (with lat. "No color"): white, black, gray. The order of the shades in the spectrum is always unchanged, starting with red and ending with purple.

Shades in the color wheel from green-blue to blue-violet are considered cold, from yellow-green to red-violet - warm. This division is rather arbitrary and depends on what associations these colors evoke in us: red-orange fire, yellow sun, blue ice, blue oceanic abyss. Noticed that in the separation of colors we did not mention green? And this is no coincidence. Pure green (which, incidentally, is extremely rare) is considered neutral. A drop of yellow makes it warmer, blue - cools.

The color wheel is extremely important in the work of the designer. With it, you can not only determine harmonious color combinations, create the desired atmosphere in the room or an attractive image, but also affect the perception, skillfully emphasizing the brightness, purity, beauty of the color, enhance its intensity, adding complementary shades, balance cold tones with warm, etc. d. This magic is not difficult to learn even without being a designer, and you can apply it not only in interior or clothing design. With the help of the color wheel, anyone can create harmony in the apartment, competently combine colors in clothes, manicure, makeup, etc. For example, orange-coral lipstick or peach shades will emphasize blue eyes, and a green-turquoise scarf will refresh a scarlet dress.