Insulation of log walls from the inside. How to properly insulate an old house? Personal experience of our readers

Despite the favorable climate, timber structures require additional insulation, since in the most severe frosts you can spend a lot on electricity. Among modern occupants, a solid wood country house is a luxury. For a long time, our ancestors were engaged in the construction of such structures. For such a house to be cozy and comfortable to live in, of course, it needs to be competently. To do this, you need to carry out external insulation of wooden walls. As a rule, structures made of such material have many disadvantages. One of them is increased heat loss during the cold season.

This problem does not bypass any tenant, so here it will be told how to carry out high-quality insulation of an old wooden house.

Choosing a heater

The main place for heat loss is the roof. More than 40% of all heat from a wooden house leaves this place. In second place are window openings, from where up to 30% of the heat leaves, therefore, it is also necessary to insulate windows in a wooden house. Next are the walls and doors of the wooden structure. The main task of the inhabitants is to patch up all the cracks and holes in the walls. As you know, you need to think about the insulation of a wooden house even in the process of its construction. Otherwise, it will be difficult to make high-quality insulation of the village house. Here are the materials that are best suited to insulate the seams of a wooden house:

jute is an excellent material. It is a versatile insulation material. This name comes from the name of the popular plant "jute". It is made from this plant, having previously processed it. It is the best insulation for wood exterior walls. The components include lignin, since it does not rot;
ribbon tow is an improved flax fiber, in which the developers have completely eliminated the presence of flax, wood sawdust and plant particles. This material is beneficial to use for sealing large gaps that form in the walls. It is best to insulate an old wooden house from the outside using this material;
Linen felt, which consists of non-woven fibers, is also very popular. It can be obtained after the needle-stitching process using threads of linen material, or other technologies are used.

The thickness directly depends on the construction of the walls of the housing.

If the owners plan to use glued or cylinder beams, then the thickness of the timber with an insulated interlayer will be about 5-10 millimeters.

It all depends on the climate. The walls made of chopped logs will have a thickness of 15 millimeters.

How to properly insulate the walls of a wooden house

In order to obtain greater efficiency, it is necessary to carry out repair work on the insulation of a wooden house. This may be necessary if the dwelling is located in a cold climate, where low temperatures negatively affect the walls of the house. Insulation of an old wooden house from the outside is a layer of heat-insulating material that is installed on a special structure made of strips. Insulation work should be carried out after the walls of the housing have shrunk and the warm season has come. Otherwise, the insulation material may be poorly installed. It is also possible for it to peel off from the base of the walls, due to an excessive temperature drop. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the insulation of a wooden house from the inside.

But even this method of insulation is not ideal, therefore, it has several disadvantages:

the walls of the house, which are located in front of the insulation material, are constantly in the area of negative effects of subzero temperatures, as a result of which the wood begins to crack, which will negatively affect the integrity of the entire structure, so it would be nice to insulate the corners of a wooden house;
condensation will form between the log wall, which will entail the appearance of mold;
the area that is suitable for use is significantly reduced, so you need to purchase insulation for wooden walls outside;
the interior of the house is being modified, which by its nature is a unique creation.

The quality of insulation of a structure made of wood is lost due to the lack of an appropriate one. This can happen due to excess moisture in the air, therefore, the insulation of an old wooden house from the outside should be carried out in accordance with all the rules, choosing the best insulation for wooden walls. As a result, drops of moisture will form on the walls inside the dwelling, which will also negatively affect the integrity of the walls.

Due to improper insulation of the outer surfaces of the walls, moisture will get inside the insulation material, which will cause increased moisture in the room.

The material for insulating a wooden floor must also comply with all standards.

In such a tedious process as insulating an old wooden house from the outside, it is best to use a system with a high-quality air gap, which is designed for additional ventilation.

Insulation for wooden walls outside will guarantee comfort in the house. Thanks to this, moisture will linger and not spoil the insulation material.

This structure will keep the walls of a wooden house dry, so they will not crack. Also, thermal protection will remain at a high level if the owners choose high-quality insulation for wooden walls outside. In the absence of such an air gap, the walls will pick up moisture, which will cause mold in the house. At the end, you should also carry out the insulation of windows in a wooden house.
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Today, many of us dream of living in our own beautiful home. But to make the pastime in it as comfortable as possible, it needs to be well arranged. The comfort of living in any house depends on the quality of thermal insulation. This is especially true for buildings made of wooden beams. However, in order for the insulation outside, done with your own hands, to be of high quality, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the tree. If this is not done, then the insulation and walls will not last long. In addition, in the process of work, it is necessary to adhere to certain instructions and observe safety precautions.

General information about insulation

To achieve good thermal insulation of a wooden house, it is necessary to take into account two features of wood as a building material. Firstly, the tree has a high vapor permeability, and secondly, it is susceptible to the development of fungi and mold. In simple terms, wood absorbs moisture very well, which increases heat loss. Thus, when equipping the insulation of a log house outside with your own hands, you should choose materials that will protect the tree well from moisture so that it does not rot. Another important nuance is the ventilation gap, which should be located between the insulation layer and the wall. And to prevent the development of fungus and mold, the tree is impregnated with special antiseptics.

Insulation types

Insulating a log house from the outside, the technology of which requires adherence to certain instructions, is a rather laborious process. When insulating inside, the insulating material is laid in the room, after which it is sheathed with any finishing material. With external insulation, the opposite is true.

Insulation inside the house is used in cases where it is necessary to preserve the natural appearance of the structure, for example, if the house was built from a log house.

However, this technology has several disadvantages:

reduction of free space inside rooms;
constant dampness in the room;
a strong temperature difference inside the house and outside leads to the fact that the tree deteriorates very quickly.

Therefore, in most cases, a log house is insulated from the outside for siding.

External insulation device

In order to minimize heat loss through the walls and eliminate the likelihood of fungal growth, when insulating the facade of a house, it is very important that the wall not only prevents heat from escaping, but also breathes.

For this, insulation is carried out according to the "puff cake" principle, which consists of the following components:

bearing wall;
frame;
insulation layer;
membrane film that protects the wall from wind;
lathing for finishing materials;
siding.

With such a house warming, the walls breathe, condensation is drained from them thanks to the wooden frame, which is not only responsible for fixing the finishing materials, but also creates an air cushion. In addition, condensation cannot disappear by itself, therefore, a vapor barrier layer must be provided between the insulation and the wall, which will protect the insulation from moisture and prevent its deterioration.

Varieties of insulation materials

Today, the insulation of a log house from the outside, from the inside, is carried out according to a similar principle, it can be done using the following materials:

mineral wool;
foam;
extruded polystyrene foam;
ecowool.

Each of the materials has certain advantages and disadvantages, therefore, when buying it, you should take into account all the features of each type of insulation. You can buy everything you need to insulate your home in specialized stores.

External insulation of a wooden house: which material is better to choose?

Before you start arranging thermal insulation at home, you need to purchase the right material. It is very common to insulate a log house from the outside with ecowool. It consists of an aggregate of fibers that are produced by melting rocks. The excellent thermal insulation properties of ecowool are due to the fact that there is air between the fibers, which contributes to better heat retention.

In addition, the insulation also has the following advantages:

ease of installation;
low cost;
high resistance to ignition;
good vapor permeability;
excellent sound and heat insulation characteristics.

If you decide to make external thermal insulation using this material, then you should take into account the fact that the insulation of a log house outside with mineral wool for siding should provide for the arrangement of wind protection, since this insulation absorbs moisture very well, which significantly reduces the performance of ecowool.

Other types of insulation that can be used to create thermal insulation for a house from a wooden bar are polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam. Both materials belong to the category of polymers, consisting of numerous cells glued together, between which there are pores. It is thanks to the voids that excellent thermal insulation is achieved. It should be noted that both materials are very similar and are made using reliable technology, however, expanded polystyrene has a higher strength.

Nevertheless, most professionals recommend using mineral wool insulation on the outside of a log house, since polystyrene and its analogs have very poor vapor permeability. Consequently, condensation accumulates between the insulation and the wall, which creates ideal conditions for the development of fungus, mold and harmful microorganisms.

External thermal insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool, due to its availability and rather good characteristics, is most often used for external insulation of houses from a wooden bar or log house. However, it is very important to understand how much material is required for this. To do this, calculate the total area that needs to be insulated.

In order not to be mistaken in the calculations, you can adhere to the following algorithm:

The ceiling height is measured in each room.
The total perimeter of all rooms is measured.
The obtained measurements are multiplied for each separate room, after which the area of the openings is subtracted from the resulting figure, and then the area of the gables is added, which can be calculated using the mathematical formula for determining the area of a triangle.
Determine which material from which manufacturer you will be using. Divide the total area of the mineral wool by the area of each slab. In this case, it is very important to provide for a small margin, which will be necessary to eliminate the error when cutting the mineral. The resulting figure will denote the amount of mineral wool, of which each plate is made for insulating a log house from the outside.

In this case, the amount of material also depends on how thick the insulation layer will be. For regions with a warm climate, the insulation can be installed with a layer thickness of 50 millimeters, and for areas with very cold winters - 150 mm. If for some reason the mineral wool cannot be laid in one layer, then in this case two layers can be made.

What tools are required?

To make thermal insulation of a wooden house, in addition to the insulation material itself, you will need a certain set of tools. For the construction of the frame, you need an electric jigsaw or a grinder to cut a wooden bar. At the same time, it is important to understand that work with a grinder will go much faster, however, this tool will damage the anti-corrosion coating, which will negatively affect the durability of the material, and the insulation of the walls of the log house from the outside will not last so long. If the frame is made of a metal profile, then in this case you will need metal scissors.

In addition, it is necessary to tighten the screws with something. A screwdriver with a set of nozzles will perfectly cope with this task. It is best to choose a self-powered tool because it will not be tied to an outlet and will be able to do work anywhere in the house. Since the insulation of a log house from the outside is a very laborious and long process, it will be useful to acquire an additional battery. This way you can operate the instrument and charge the battery at the same time.

When creating a wooden frame, it is necessary to adjust its individual elements. This is done with a rubber or wooden mallet. You will also need a sharp knife to cut the rock wool.

As mentioned earlier, the outside insulation of a log house should include a windbreak. It is created using a special film that is attached to a wooden frame with metal brackets. This will require a construction stapler.

In order for the wall to be perfectly flat after the completion of all work, the arrangement of thermal insulation must be carried out using a level, tape measure and a plumb line. It is simply impossible to do everything efficiently without these tools.

Laying insulation on a wooden frame

Most often, when equipping a house with thermal insulation, the insulation is laid on a wooden frame. In this case, the outside insulation of the log house is carried out in a specific sequence.

The wall is being prepared. All protruding elements are removed from it, after which the tree is treated with special antiseptic agents. In this case, special attention should be paid to hard-to-reach places, since it is in them that fungi and microorganisms most often develop.
A wooden frame is created. For him, it is better to use bars measuring 30x30 millimeters. Horizontal and vertical elements are fastened together using galvanized self-tapping screws with high corrosion resistance. It should be noted that the distance between the beams should be 5 mm less than the size of each slab of insulation material. This is very important, since there should be no crevices or gaps after the mineral wool has been laid. Otherwise, the thermal insulation will be of poor quality, heat loss will occur. To fix the material, disc dowels are used.
The second layer of insulation is being laid. All work is carried out in the same way described earlier.
When the thermal insulation layer is completely completed, you can start laying Each subsequent strip of film should be laid with an overlap of 10 centimeters on the previous strip. The membrane is attached to the frame with a construction stapler and metal staples. In order for the protection to be of high quality and reliable, the joints of the membrane must be glued with a special construction tape without fail.
On top of the windscreen, slats are attached to a wooden frame, on which the siding elements will be attached.
At the final stage, facing work is carried out.

On this, the insulation of the log house from the outside can be considered completely completed.

Laying insulation on brackets

Insulation can be laid not only on a wooden frame, but also on brackets. The process of performing work in this case should take place in a certain sequence.

The outer side of the walls is treated with an antiseptic.
Metal brackets are attached to the facade of the building, at such a distance that will be between the individual elements of the lathing.
Mineral wool is being laid. To do this, the insulation is simply pushed onto the brackets and fixed with disc dowels.
On top of the mineral wool, a windproof film is laid and fixed.
A metal sheathing is created on which vinyl panels are installed.

If you strictly adhere to the instructions described above, you will get high-quality and durable thermal insulation.

Conclusion

Regardless of how the outside insulation of the log house was carried out - with clay, sawdust, shavings or mineral wool, when working with any material it is very important to adhere to the rules for working with it, as well as observe the installation technology. Nevertheless, mineral wool is the best option as a heater, since it has excellent performance characteristics and a low price.

Regardless of the chosen insulation, it is recommended to arrange thermal insulation in the warm season, so that the tree dries out properly. In addition, before laying the insulation material, the walls should be treated with an antiseptic, which will protect them from damage and prevent the formation of fungus, mold, rot and the appearance of various microorganisms and rodents. This is the only way you can create thermal insulation for centuries, which will not have to be changed after just a few years.

Foreword... Log houses are excellent at keeping heat and regulating humidity, they are the warmest and most environmentally friendly. But there are situations when you built a log house, and with the onset of cold weather, you realized that the house is cool enough. There are also serious situations when you bought an old house made of logs, which already requires serious insulation measures. So the house owners have a question of how to insulate a log house with their own hands, what materials are best used in work.

Does a log house need to be insulated?

The owners of houses made of logs are most often faced with drafts in the premises, often blowing from the floor on their legs, the house cools down quickly if the heating is turned off. From all this, it is concluded that a log house should be properly insulated, and starting from the floor, since it blows strongly and gives off a lot of heat. The ceiling should also be checked, since up to 70% of the heat can go through the attic.

To retain heat, it is necessary to insulate the attic or attic floor, process the external walls and all structures - windows, slopes and window sills, entrance doors, etc. Do not forget to check whether the walls are thoroughly caulked, maybe over time, cracks have already formed. Also note that it is necessary to make heating more efficient, it is possible to equip "warm floors" in addition to the existing system.

Too thin walls of the house also cause cold indoors. For example, for a climate with low humidity, logs with a thickness of 200 - 240 mm are sufficient, for regions of Russia with wet winters, it is advisable to use logs for walls with a diameter of more than 400 mm. Next, we will consider what materials are best used to insulate a house from a log house, if the house has already been built, but there is no comfort in it.

Materials for insulating a log house

The standard work procedure includes caulking the walls, insulating the attic, insulating window and door slopes, and insulating the floor in the house. If you do the job correctly, then additional measures are no longer needed. It is best to use natural and natural materials to insulate wooden houses, in addition, it is cheaper to insulate a log house using “old-fashioned” methods.

To insulate the attic, you can use sawdust mixed with clay or earth, expanded clay or ecowool. Caulking the walls of the house is made with moss, hemp, tow or jute - tape insulation based on flax. To insulate a wooden floor, you can use bulk materials (expanded clay), or you can use mineral wool in rolls or make a Knauf underfloor heating device from ecological materials.

If, after all these standard procedures, it is also cold in the house, then you cannot do without additional work on insulating the walls of a log house. The material that should be used to insulate wooden walls must be vapor-permeable if it is laid outside the building; moisture resistant so as not to accumulate moisture; environmentally friendly, fireproof and resistant insects and small rodents.

Considering the above characteristics, you can use ecowool or mineral wool to insulate the walls, and bulk materials - expanded clay or sawdust - to insulate the attic and floor. It is not advisable to use materials such as polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam - the use of vapor-proof materials will lead to wood decay.

Stages of insulating a house from a log outside

Walls should be insulated when insulation measures have not yielded results. In this case, it will be correct to insulate the house from the outside - this is due to the properties of the tree to breathe. In the case of external insulation using the ventilated facade method, air and moisture will come out of the tree and be freely vented. If the house is new, then you can start warming a year later, when the blockhouse is down.

Caulking log house

Even if you have decided to insulate the house, the first step is to carefully dig the walls. We examine the walls for cracks. Caulking should be done in dry warm weather using tow or hemp. As in the case of house insulation from a bar, we put the material in the slots and push it with a special spatula until the material comes in.

Ventilated facade construction

Insulation of a house from a log outside

Insulation of the log house from the outside is carried out through the installation of a ventilated facade. The design allows the tree to "breathe" and release excess moisture. In order to clearly demonstrate the process, we have added a video - video instruction from the manufacturer of modern effective insulation. Stages of the device of a ventilated facade on a wooden house:

1 ... we treat the walls with an antiseptic;
2 ... on top we fill the crate with a step equal to the width of the insulation plates;
3 ... insert insulation plates, tightly installing them between the guides;
4 ... on top of the insulation we mount a windscreen made of a waterproofing membrane.
5 ... on top of the windscreen, we fill the crate and mount the siding.

The superdiffusion membrane will not let moisture into the insulation, but will release moisture from the material to the outside, giving the walls the opportunity to "breathe". For this, a ventilation gap is formed over the entire thickness of the lathing (the distance between the superdiffusion membrane and the siding). Above and below, it is necessary to arrange air vents so that air can circulate from bottom to top.

Insulation of the attic in a log house

This insulation option should be used in extreme cases. Experts are against installing insulation inside the room, since the tree stops breathing and will damp. Perhaps, inside, there will be enough standard insulation measures: insulation of the floor, slopes of windows and doors, ceiling, while you already know how to insulate the attic of a private house with sawdust or expanded clay crumbs.

If the house is one-story, then we lay a waterproofing film on the attic floor, and on top we lay insulation with a layer of up to 250 mm. If the house has an attic floor, then it is necessary to insulate the roof from the inside and the overlap between the floors. 50 - 100 mm of insulation should be placed in the ceiling. To insulate the roof, we lay waterproofing, lay the mineral wool with a layer of 150 - 200 mm and cover the insulation with a membrane.

Insulation of walls inside a log house

It is not worth installing insulation inside the log walls, it is better to thoroughly dig in the cracks, insulate the window and door openings. To do this, we use jute, roll mezhventsovy insulation, tow or moss. For wall decoration, you can use a wooden lining - it will immediately become warmer in the room due to an increase in the thickness of the wall, as well as the appearance of an air gap from the side of a warm room.

Insulation of the floor in a log house

To keep the floor warm, it is necessary to lay insulation between the logs, and lay the rough and final floor on top. As you can see, self-insulation of a log house is a set of measures. If you do the work carefully, start from the ceiling and floor, dig in the walls, insulate windows and doors, then the need for wall cladding may disappear. If all else fails, then you can build and insulate a wooden veranda on the north side of the house, expanding the area of the house and creating an air barrier in the path of the cold.

All photos from the article

Wood has low thermal conductivity, so there is an opinion that houses made of such building material do not require additional insulation. However, in reality this is not entirely true, because when laying a bar or log, in any case, cracks remain, from where cold air penetrates. They can be located in the walls, in the floor and ceiling, making the internal temperature in the room uncomfortable, giving reason to think about its insulation.

In this article we will look at:

reasons that affect heat retention;
how to properly insulate a house from a log outside and organize a ventilated facade;
what insulation materials will be required.

Why is it cold in a wooden house

Thermal insulation of log buildings does not require the invention of the bicycle. This technology is very simple and accessible to most citizens.

Therefore, for a start, you should try standard methods that will close the access of cold air inside the premises:

First of all, it is worth dealing with the floor and ceiling, from where it comes most often.
If this method does not bring the desired results, you should take drastic measures - use the outer cladding of the structure. Although this method is not only simple, but also very effective.

Advice: before complaining about the cold in the house and starting to warm it, you should wait until it goes through the entire drying process. As a rule, you should enter a log house and carry out any work no earlier than a year after construction.

Cauliflower

Start the process of warming your house with your own caulking. All large gaps should be closed, carefully filling all the free space between the crowns. In most cases, this is sufficient.

It remains only to find all the large cracks. As a rule, having looked around the house with just one gaze, it is unlikely that you will be able to find them.

Now that the scope of work has been determined, you can start caulking it.

For which you should prepare the following tool:

caulking or spatula;
roll insulation, tow or jute.

The process of insulation itself is extremely simple and consists in the fact that with the help of a special tool (caulking) and insulation, the cracks are plugged from the outside of the house.

The facade must be ventilated

The outer wall of a wooden house must be ventilated, otherwise the material will begin to deteriorate under the influence of various microorganisms, including rot and mold. Only a ventilated facade can provide unhindered air circulation. Thanks to him, the house can continue to release water vapor through the walls and "breathe" without turning into a sealed vessel.

The instructions for making it are as follows:

Treat the walls with an antiseptic- a special solution that protects the building material from the negative effects of microorganisms and the environment. The building must be processed along the entire perimeter, excluding possible omissions. Antiseptics can be completely transparent, but some of them have added color pigments, which allows not only to protect the wooden structure, but also to give its walls the desired shade.
Attach a waterproofing layer to the wall of the house. In this case, the membrane has proven itself best. Its price is small and you can buy it in almost any hardware store.
Secure to walls. Moreover, they should also be treated with an antiseptic, which will make the facade more durable. Nail all the bars vertically with nails. Choose the latter longer than the bars, which will give rigidity to the entire structure.

Place the elements of the sheathing opposite each other at a distance that is slightly more than the width of the insulation... In this case, additional space is necessary for attaching heat-insulating mats to it.

Advice: any material capable of performing the function assigned to it can act as a heater. But the most effective and safe will be the use of stone wool, since this material is fire-resistant and does not allow moisture to pass through.

additional information

Lay another layer between the wall of the house and the insulation, as there is a danger of "cold bridges" that will negatively affect the entire insulation process.

Place rock wool slabs under the battens. Again, it is necessary to exclude the occurrence of "cold bridges", so the mats should fit snugly against each other.
Create a starter bar that will help you avoid bumps in your work. Lay the first layers of stone wool on it, ensuring the evenness of further rows.
Start fixing the insulation from the bottom and gradually work your way up. And in order to avoid possible irregularities, you need to mount the starting bar before starting work.
Place a layer of waterproofing over the mats after they are securely attached.

Advice: the durability of a house depends not only on materials that are correctly selected for its construction, but also on waterproofing. If it cannot fully perform its functions, its walls will be covered with mold and mildew.

The walls under the waterproofing must breathe, and this can only be achieved by using membrane materials that will not let moisture in and out.

Start installing another layer of lathing, which is made from the same bars.
Cover the walls with a pre-prepared material. The most popular and affordable is vinyl siding, the color of which can be selected depending on personal preference. To make the house look more natural, you can choose colors that mimic wood or stone.

Basic nuances

External insulation of a house is a very effective measure, but its application does not allow keeping the house in its original form. Therefore, it is advisable to use it only in extreme cases, when other methods are ineffective.

To begin with, you should still try to insulate the structure from the inside, you need to find and seal all the cracks. After that, you can take drastic measures and insulate the structure using the same insulation. At the same time, the technologies for insulating a house from the outside and from the inside are almost the same.

Output

Compared to a brick building, where each brick is placed on a mortar that prevents the occurrence of gaps, a log house does not seem so good. But everything is not as bad as it seems, since only a healthy atmosphere always reigns here.

It is advisable to find alternative ways out of the situation and not to spoil the external appearance of the building. At the same time, the process of warming is not so complicated, so it can be done quickly enough. The video in this article will provide an opportunity to find additional information on the above topic.

How to insulate a room? For example, an old wooden house? When is it required? These questions concern many owners of such structures. Additional insulation is required when the walls of a building are not able to properly retain heat inside.

It is the layer of insulating material that is able to reliably protect the walls, extending their resource, from ultraviolet radiation and moisture, and also act as a barrier between warm air from inside the house and cold outside.

Surface preparation for insulation

During preparation, it is often necessary to remove all the plaster or old insulating material to the ground, so that in the end a clean and even wall of wood, blocks or bricks remains.

Expanded polystyrene. Click on the photo to enlarge.

Warming a wooden house, when all work is done by hand, implies a high-quality surface primer, for which a composition with deep penetration is used. If there are drops in the level (pits or bumps), they need to be combed off, or covered with a solution. Before work, dust is removed from the wall surface.

A complex of plumb lines and beacons is created in advance, which in the future will make it possible to evenly lay the insulation by determining its outer edge. So the layer of material will not interfere during the complex of finishing and facing works.

This is done by screwing in screws on top of the wall. Threads with sinkers are tied to them and lowered. Horizontal lines are made similarly. They form a control grid for high-quality installation of insulation.
This is followed by a stage, the specifics of which depends on the type of material. For example, consider the option with expanded polystyrene.

Work with expanded polystyrene or extruded polystyrene foam

Thermal insulation of a wooden house with this material implies a certain sequence of work. First, a control corner is mounted along the bottom edge, by means of which the laid sheets are aligned. Expanded polystyrene is fixed on a special glue by pressing the sheets against the wall. The control grid will not allow you to make mistakes.

The second layer is fixed in the same way, but offset sideways by half of the sheet. Fixation is carried out with anchors, which are hammered in the center of the sheet and at its corners. As for the window openings and wall corners, a metal corner is used at these points for fixing the plates. For gluing the seams between the sheets, a reinforcing tape is used.

Further, extruded or ordinary polystyrene foam is covered with a reinforcing mesh, after which it is plastered. This material is optimal for insulation of concrete or brick walls. The only drawback is the low vapor permeability rates. And this will not allow condensation to be removed from the surface of the walls of the old house. To solve the problem, it is recommended to thoroughly dry the walls before starting work, and upon completion - to mount a ventilated facade.
The procedure for insulating various structures of a wooden house requires that at the end of this stage there is no access to the laid foam and rodents cannot spoil it.

Internal work

At the moment, there are different ways of performing work, which depend on the materials used.

Warm seam

This scheme allows you to significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of wall joints and seams. It is used when wall decoration with decorating type plasters is not planned.

Laying is carried out directly between the beams of the structure using natural (linen rope, flax or tow) or synthetic (latex, acrylic, bitumen-rubber, silicone) sealants.

Mineral wool work

For insulation, mats made of glass wool, basalt (mineral) fiber or slag fiber are used. This material has excellent indicators of thermal insulation qualities, noise absorption and environmental friendliness. The problem is that it has a fibrous structure, and this contributes to the accumulation of water in it. As a result, it is imperative to lay layers of hydro and vapor barrier on the walls of the old house.

Work progress:

Preparation. This method initially implies the filling of all defects, crevices and cracks, using a synthetic sealant. Further, the surface is treated with an antiseptic compound.

Lathing. This method of insulating structures, in particular, a wooden house, implies the need to install the lathing. First, a transverse lathing is fixed, which is stuffed from a metal profile across the logs and observing a step of 80 cm. The frame of the counter-lattice is created in the same way with the same pitch, but along the logs. The design has the function of providing ventilation, removing excess steam and preventing condensation.

It is advisable to use mineral wool in mats, because this structure of the material makes it possible for it to maintain thermal insulation properties even under heavy mechanical loads. The mats lie flat between the elements of the sheathing with a maximum permissible joint width of 2 mm, which are subsequently sealed with special tape.

Vapor barrier. To prevent its rupture due to thermal expansion of the mineral wool, the vapor barrier is laid with an allowance and overlap - this method is optimal.

Finishing. For this, drywall, chipboard, lining or fiberboard are used. They are fixed directly to the profile or logs, and the thickness of the seams should be minimal.

The sequence of operations must be followed strictly.

Insulation of the ceiling with sawdust

Materials:

Prepared composition for insulation. Click on the photo to enlarge.

cement;
sawdust;
glassine - you can use another insulator. It spreads over the entire ceiling area with a slight allowance for side folds.

For work, a sawdust-cement mixture is used. The required amount of sawdust is calculated based on the optimal thickness of the warm ceiling in a wooden structure - twenty centimeters. To obtain the total cubic capacity, it is necessary to measure the surface area and divide by five. The ratio of cement to water is 1 to 10, and the ratio of water to sawdust is 1.5 to 10.
The insulation scheme, intended for a wooden house, presents certain criteria for shavings:

age - from 1 year;
dryness;
size - too small will not work, as more cement will be required, which will worsen the performance of the composition;
the sawdust should not give off a moldy smell.

Laying technique of the composition

Work order:

do-it-yourself processing of all wooden components with an antiseptic;
laying sheet waterproofing on all floors between floors;
kneading the mixture in the indicated proportions;
uniform laying of the solution on the floor;
tamping of the heat-insulating layer.

Floor work

Thermal insulation of an old structure, in particular a wooden house, may require replacing the logs, as well as reworking rough floorboards, but not always.

Installation lag

If any of the fundamental beams is seriously damaged, it must be replaced. It will take a lot of time - at least a day.

Since the logs are filled with concrete, the damaged timber will have to be cut out of the concrete. Next, you need to expand the landing hole so that you can install a new log with a section similar to that of the other beams.

The seat for the timber is prepared using a roofing paper wrap or resin, and the lag is pre-treated with an antiseptic compound. At the end of the replacement, it is required to fix the timber in the mounting socket with gravel, inspect the level and concreted with a solution of cement and gravel. Then it remains only to wait for the mixture to solidify. This method will give the maximum effect.

Installation of the subfloor

Thermal insulation of a wooden house implies the creation of a sub-floor. Initially, a lath is attached to the lag screw, which is created from beams with a section of 50x50 mm and is stuffed in parallel. This is followed by the filling of subfloor boards with a minimum thickness of 20 mm and a width of 200 mm. The fixation takes place by means of simple nails, but so that they do not "enter" the lags. The boards should be of the same thickness so that there are no distortions in the coating, while the gaps between them are allowed up to 1 cm in size.

Warming of the seams of the subfloor of a wooden house is carried out with a heat insulator.
All wooden elements (logs, lathing, etc.) are recommended to be treated with special antiseptic compounds, as well as fire retardants. These funds ("Senezh", "Pinoteks", "Finesta") are not too expensive, so you should not save on their purchase.

Laying waterproofing

In the process of insulating wooden houses, it is necessary to use only a membrane film that does not allow moisture to "upward". During installation, it is required to leave 10-15 m from each edge for smell, and then glue everything with adhesive tape with moisture-resistant characteristics.

Finishing lags

These beams with a section of 50x150 mm or 75x150 mm (for rooms where heavy furniture will stand) are mounted in 1 meter increments. Naturally, the 150 mm width limits the parameters of the insulation. Therefore, if you plan to lay a thicker layer of material, the thickness of the lag should be greater.

Before installing new logs, it is required to mark the location of the rough ones by making notes on the floor. The fixation of the finishing lags is carried out with long screws and a screwdriver in such a way that the screws go into the lower lags. It is required to leave a gap of 2-4 cm between the finishing beams and the wall.

Insulation laying and finishing floor installation

Insulation (mineral wool, penoplex, polystyrene, etc.) is laid directly on the membrane waterproofing, in the gap between the logs. A combined method is allowed, but the insulation of the seams carried out in a wooden house must be implemented without fail. No additional fixation is required, you just need to make sure that the material does not come out and completely cover the entire space between the beams.

For stuffing the finished floor, both new and old boards are used, and screws or nails act as fasteners. Various materials are used:

floorboards (studded, milled or grooved);
massive board;
laminate;
Fiberboard and others.