Ranks and insignia of the red army in the middle, senior and high command personnel, 1936

Ranks and insignia of the Red Army in the middle, senior and high command personnel, 1940

Four years later, there is another change in military uniforms and ranks.

Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 226 of July 26, 1940 introduces new and changes the old insignia for the command and political staff of the Red Army.

Rank	Insignia in buttonhole	Sleeve insignia according to rank
middle and senior com. composition
Junior lieutenant	One square	One square made of gold braid 4 mm wide, on top of the braid a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Lieutenant	Two squares	Two squares of gold galloon 4 mm wide, between them a gap of red cloth 7 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Senior lieutenant	Three squares	Three squares of gold braid, 4 mm wide, between them two gaps of red cloth, each 5 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Captain	One rectangle	Two squares of gold galloon 6 mm wide, between them a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Major	Two rectangles
Lieutenant colonel	Three rectangles	Two squares of gold braid, top 6 mm wide, bottom 10 mm, between them a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, bottom edging 3 mm wide
Colonel	Four rectangles	Three squares of gold braid, upper and middle 6 mm wide, lower 10 mm, between them two gaps of red cloth 7 mm wide each, bottom edging 3 mm wide
Political composition
Junior political instructor	Two squares
Political instructor	Three squares	Red star with hammer and sickle
Senior political instructor	One rectangle	Red star with hammer and sickle
Battalion commissar	Two rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle
Senior Battalion Commissioner	Three rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle
Regimental Commissioner	Four rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle

Regarding military ranks "sample 1935" the rank of "lieutenant colonel" is introduced for the command personnel, and the rank of "senior battalion commissar" for the military-political personnel.

Lapel badges and sleeve patches of the Red Army

The colonel and regimental commissar now wear four sleepers instead of three on the collar tabs, which went to the lieutenant colonel and the senior battalion commissar.
The order has completely revised the system of sleeve insignia of senior and middle command personnel. The red cloth chevrons gave way to the sleeve insignia with the use of golden galloon.

According to the 1936 rules for wearing uniforms, political workers could not wear the emblems of the combat arms on their buttonholes. Although they were equated in rights with unit commanders, by order of May 10, 1937, as well as in 1925.

Drawing on experience from the Finnish company in 1939, in order to strengthen the one-man command in July - August 1940, all commissars were transferred to the posts of deputy commanders for political affairs. By obliging him to wear the lapel emblems of a kind of troops, and to master the military specialty of the kind of troops.

sleeve patches using golden braid

Examples of buttonholes of various types and ranks.

A. Major. One sleeper. Armored troops. Parade uniform 1935
B. Ceremonial officer's collar 1943
C. Overcoat buttonhole, ml. sergeant 40 g.
D. Marshal of the Soviet Union. 1940 g.
E. Border Troops Senior Lieutenant 1935
F. General's collar 1943

Insignia and uniform of the Marshal of the Soviet Union and generals of the Red Army since May 1940.

The decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1940 introduced general ranks. The corresponding insignia were approved on July 13. The general's uniform turned out to be similar to the general's uniform of the tsarist generals, the same closed tunic, trousers with stripes, a hat and an edged overcoat with "coat of arms" buttons. The ceremonial single-breasted uniform is the same as in the German army. The general's cap had a round gilded cockade. To top it off, the general was given a white cotton tunic.

General in summer uniform, major general in full dress, Marshal in everyday uniform.

On the collar tabs of the Army General there were five gilded stars, the Colonel General had four, the Lieutenant General had three stars, the Major General was supposed to wear two in his collar tabs. Komkor G.K. Zhukov was the first to be awarded the rank of army general.

Designer Major General V.G. Grabin and Army General Zhukov.G.K in full dress uniforms of generals 1940

The title of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established on September 22, 1935 by a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The marshal was dressed in a general's uniform, the differences were red buttonholes, a gold embroidered star, laurel branches and a hammer and sickle on their crosshairs, sleeve squares with laurel branches embroidered in gold and large sleeve stars. Until the fortieth year, there was no ornament of laurel branches with a hammer and sickle on the marshal's buttonholes.

The difference between the Marshal's collar tabs is clearly visible on the uniforms of Budyonny. S.M. on the left, the form of the sample of 1936, and K.E. Voroshilov in the uniform of the 1940 model

Tukhachevsky, Voroshilov, Egorov, Budyonny and Blucher were the first to be awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Ranks and insignia of the Red Army in the middle, senior and senior command personnel. Two months after the start of the war, due to the differences in the military uniform of the senior and higher command personnel from the rest of the military uniform. On August 1, 1941, an order was sent by telegraph obliging to abolish the wearing of sleeve insignia for all command personnel who participated in hostilities, and to establish for all branches of the military the wearing of collar tabs of a protective color with protective insignia. The generals should be given khaki tunics and wide trousers without stripes.

Tellingly, the most difficult period of the beginning of the war, seemingly complete confusion, and by the end of August 1941, protective collar tabs and insignia were sent to the fronts.

Personal belongings, mobilization, vacation and award documents, black arrow indicates "white ticket"

Insignia of the ranks of the Russian Army. XX century

Part 2.
Middle and senior command and command personnel
(junior and senior officers).

In February 1946, the name "Red Army" (RKKA) will be changed to the name "Soviet Army".

The terms "officer", "officer corps", which in the twenties and thirties were used exclusively in relation to the tsarist and white armies and only in a negative sense, are now quite legally used from the festive order of the NKO dated November 7, 1942 to designate the command staff of the Red Army, but officially they will only be introduced in July 43.

1943 was marked by a radical change in the form of clothing and insignia of the Red Army. The insignia of military ranks on buttonholes are forever going down in history.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 6, 1943, new insignia of rank in the Red Army are introduced - shoulder straps. By order of the NCO No. 25 of January 15, a new uniform is introduced.

The decree clearly stipulates that shoulder straps serve to determine the military rank and belonging of a serviceman to a certain type of troops (service).

Before describing the new insignia, it should be noted that on January 8, 1943 (NKO Order No. 10 of January 8, 1943, which announced the State Defense Committee Resolution of January 2) 1943, the ranks in medical, veterinary services, and military justice were replaced. They are introduced with the same ranks as the command staff, but with the addition of an indication of the type of service. For example, "lieutenant of the medical service", "captain of the veterinary service", "colonel of justice". Changes in the rank system for the rest of the commanding staff were made back in 1942.

Thus, the rank of the brigade commander finally went down in history. Let me remind you that the rank of brigade brigade and the rank of brigade commander disappeared in 1940 with the introduction of general ranks for the command and quartermaster staff. The title of brigadier commissar disappeared in October 1942 with the abolition of the scale of ranks of political workers. The rank of brigengineer also disappeared in 42 with the transition of the military-technical staff to ranks close to command. And finally, in January 1943, the titles of brigade doctor, brigade doctor and brigade jurist disappear.

The shoulder straps of junior and senior officers are divided into two types:
1. Field, which are worn on a field uniform in wartime and in peacetime.
2. Casual, which are worn on all types of uniforms, except for the field.

Field shoulder straps middle and senior command and command personnel (junior and senior officers) have dimensions - length 14-16 cm, width 6 cm. But the shoulder straps of officers of medical, veterinary and legal services are narrower. They have a shoulder strap width of 4-4.5 cm.

In the photo on the right: Captain tanker in an officer's tunic model 1943 with field shoulder straps. On the chest there are two Orders of the Patriotic War (1st and 2nd degrees), the Order of the Red Star, the "Guard" badge and the medal "For Courage".

Field shoulder straps of middle and senior command personnel (in fact, you can already use the term "officers"), as well as shoulder straps of ratings and junior command personnel, are made of khaki cloth with colored edging. However, unlike the rank and file and non-commissioned officers, metal stars and emblems of the branches of the armed forces are attached to the field shoulder straps of officers. Clearances are indicated by one or two longitudinal ribbons of burgundy (for command personnel) or brown (for command personnel) about 5 mm wide.
The colors of asterisks and emblems of the combat arms are silvery (for command personnel) and golden (for command personnel). Asterisks and khaki emblems are not used. The diameter of the stars for junior officers is 13 mm, for senior officers is 20 mm.
The diameter of the linear buttons is 18 mm, khaki color.

Type of troops (service)	Edge color	Clearance color	Color of stars and emblems
Command staff
Infantry (and combined arms)	crimson	burgundy	silver
Cavalry	blue	burgundy	silver
Armored troops	red	burgundy	silver
Artillery	red	burgundy	silver
Aviation	blue	burgundy	silver
Technical troops *	the black	burgundy	silver
Infantry (and combined arms)	crimson	brown	gold
Cavalry	blue	brown	gold
Armored troops	red	brown	gold
Artillery	red	brown	gold
Aviation	blue	brown	gold
Technical troops *	the black	brown	gold
	red	brown	gold
	red	brown	silver
Quartermaster service in all branches of the military **	crimson	brown	gold
	red	brown	gold

Note: *. The technical troops include engineering troops, signal troops, road troops, railway troops, VOSO service, military topographic troops, chemical troops, automobile units, military construction detachments.

**. The quartermaster service includes all supply services (material, food and fodder, apartment maintenance, fuel supply), and the administrative service.

Field shoulder straps are worn by officers in field uniforms (tunics and overcoats) both in peacetime and in wartime. However, there are photographs of officers in uniforms with field shoulder straps.

1. Junior lieutenant (artillery).

2. Lieutenant (tank units of the armored forces).

3. Senior lieutenant (aviation).

4.Captain (infantry).

6. Lieutenant Colonel (engineering troops).

7. Colonel (infantry).

8. Senior lieutenant of the medical service.

Note: The shoulder straps of the captain and the colonel in the figure are without emblems, since by order of the NCO No. 35 43 years old, the infantry did not receive emblems.

Casual shoulder straps middle and senior command and command personnel (junior and senior officers) have dimensions - length 14-16 cm, width 6 cm. But the shoulder straps of officers of medical, veterinary and legal services are narrower. They have a shoulder strap width of 4-4.5 cm.

Everyday shoulder straps shoulder straps of middle and senior command personnel have a cloth base on which a lace is sewn with colored gaps. For the command staff, the braid is gold with stars and silver emblems, for the commanding staff, the braid is silver, and the stars and emblems are golden (the officers of the veterinary staff have silver emblems). The width of the gaps is about 5mm. The diameter of the stars for junior officers is 13 mm, for senior officers is 20 mm.
The diameter of the running buttons is 18 mm., The color is golden.

In the photo on the right: A senior lieutenant tanker in a casual uniform with everyday shoulder straps on it. This is probably a snapshot during the war or immediately after its end. The officer's only award is the Order of the Red Star.

Type of troops (service)	Braid color	Color of edging and gaps	Star color	Emblem color
Command staff
Infantry (and combined arms)	gold	crimson	silver	-
Cavalry	gold	blue	silver	silver
Armored troops	gold	red	silver	silver
Artillery	gold	red	silver	silver
Aviation	gold	blue	silver	silver
Technical troops	gold	the black	silver	silver
Engineering staff
Infantry (and combined arms)	silver	crimson	gold	-
Cavalry	silver	blue	gold	gold
Armored troops	silver	red	gold	gold
Artillery	silver	red	gold	gold
Aviation	silver	blue	gold	gold
Technical troops	silver	the black	gold	gold
Non-technical superiors
Medical service in all branches of the military	silver	red	gold	gold
Veterinary service in all branches of the military	silver	red	gold	silver
Quartermaster service in all branches of the military	silver	crimson	gold	gold
Legal service in all branches of the military	silver	red	gold	gold

1. Junior lieutenant (military topographic units).

2. Lieutenant (infantry).

3. Senior lieutenant (signal troops).

4.Captain (aviation).

5. Lieutenant of the medical service.

7. Lieutenant Colonel (chemical troops).

8. Colonel (infantry).

Junior and senior officers wear casual shoulder straps on ceremonial uniforms and tunics, as well as on tunics and overcoats when they are worn as a daily uniform.

From the author. In general, in the army in the field it was supposed to wear only a field uniform with field shoulder straps, but after two years of war, everyone was so tired of the dull green insignia, it was so strong that they finally broke the back of the Wehrmacht, so confidence in victory grew that everyone Those who were not exposed to the immediate danger of enemy rifle and machine-gun fire, as far as possible preferred gold and silver shoulder straps, and caps with colored bands and edging. The generals did not interfere with such moods.
It got to the point that the Headquarters was forced in the summer of 43 to issue a special order instructing generals and senior officers, during reconnaissance on the front line, to change into the uniform of ordinary Red Army men and sergeants, so as not to allow German intelligence to determine the time of our offensive and the direction of the main attacks by observation. So everyone began to neglect both camouflage measures and their own safety. The shine of the gold shoulder straps and crimson bands are visible very far.

On the standing collars of the newly introduced ceremonial officers' uniforms, horizontal
buttonholes in the form of a parallelogram according to the color of the branch or service. The tabs were embroidered with gold and silver on the buttonholes. The command staff have gold planks with silver ziz-zags, while the commanding personnel, on the contrary, have silver planks with gold ziz-zags. The slats could also be made of metal. Junior officers wore one bar each, senior officers two.

In the picture on the right:
1. Junior officer (from junior lieutenant to captain inclusive) of the aviation command staff.

2. Senior officer of the infantry command (major, lieutenant colonel, colonel).

3 junior medical officer

4. Senior officer of the commanding staff of the technical troops.

In the photo on the left: a colonel of tank units of the armored forces in a ceremonial uniform (1946).

From the author. Please pay attention to the black buttonholes with two straps and the colonel's shoulder straps with the emblem of tank units. The stars from the edges of the shoulder strap, where they should have been by order of 43, have already been moved to the gaps. It is not yet possible to determine whether the officers did this on their own initiative, or by 46, it was ordered to shift the stars to the gaps. The shoulder strap is, as it should be, pentagonal. It will become hexagonal later.

On the chest we see the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of the Battle, the Medal "For Military Merit", the Medal "For Victory over Germany." The last medal "For the capture of Budapest".

1947 year.

By order of the Minister of the Armed Forces (as the Ministry of War was called at that time) No. 4 dated 01/31/1947, officers who were transferred to the reserve and retired with the right to wear military uniforms were ordered to wear special stripes 28 mm wide on their shoulder straps. from galloon in the same color as the stars. Those. there is a silver stripe on a gold chase, a gold stripe on a silver one.
For retired officers, the lace pattern of the stripe is simple (1), and for retired officers, the lace with a zig-zag is of the opposite color (2).

From the author. The idea was clearly borrowed from the running system of the tsarist army. In the Armed Forces of the USSR, this change in insignia was taken sharply negatively. Many honored officers who retired took this as a mockery and insult. They began to prefer not to wear military uniforms at all. Therefore, it is extremely rare to find photographs of officers with such stripes on their shoulder straps.

How and when these stripes were canceled, the author was unable to establish. But in the order of the USSR Ministry of Defense on the uniform of 1955, there is no longer any mention of such stripes.

1951 year.

By order of the Minister of War (as in (as the Ministry of War was called during this period) No. 18 of February 13, 51 officers of the military communications service (VOSO), the edging on the shoulder straps was set not black, but blue.

Note. VOSO or military communications service is mainly the representation of the Armed Forces at railway stations, airports, sea and river ports. VOSO officers monitor the movement of military cargo and personnel units along the country's transport network, control them, organize loading, reloading and unloading. Along the way, they facilitate the movement of individual soldiers.

Until 1955, there were no more significant changes in the insignia of officers. The author was unable to find out from what time the officers' pentagonal shoulder straps became hexagonal. But in the photographs, both shoulder straps can be found at the same time, starting in 1947. Later, only hexagonal. The shoulder straps of the VOSO officers in the order of the VM 1951 are shown as hexagonal.

Sources and Literature

1.1. Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 6, 1943.
2.Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 25 dated 01/15/1943.
3.Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 79 dated 02.14.1943.
4.Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 4 of 31.01.1947.
5.Order of the VM of the USSR No. 18 of 13.02.1951.
3.O.V. Kharitonov. Illustrated description of uniforms and insignia of the Red and Soviet Army (1918-1958). Artillery Historical Museum of the Main Artillery Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense. 1962
4. MM Khrenov and others. Military clothing of the Armed Forces of the USSR and Russia (1917-1990s.) Military publishing house. Moscow. 1999

Namely "military ranks", the term " military ranks "will be used first along with the term in 35 years from about 1940, and then completely replace the old term.

The same Resolution introduced and insignia by military ranks. From that moment on, the wearing of insignia according to service categories was prohibited. At the same time, the process of transition to personal titles lasted until the fall of 1936. In addition, the People's Commissar of Defense issued an order establishing a new uniform and insignia by rank only on December 3, 1935. This gave rise to a common but erroneous opinion of historians that the ranks in Red army were introduced in December 1935.

On the tunic on the collar there is a border of the same color as the field of the buttonholes (except for the Red Army and junior command and command personnel). The same edging runs along the side of the overcoat of the highest command and command personnel, starting with the brigade commander and his equals.

Sometimes in the sources you can find a mention of the title of "political leader (political officer)". However, this is not

rank, and the position achieved by the then head of the Main Political Directorate Red army Mekhlis L.Z .. He considered that the personnel is covered by the political leadership, only starting from the level of the company. And the platoon does not have a full-time political instructor. By order of the NCO No. 19 dated 25.01.1938. in each platoon, the position of assistant (deputy) political instructor was introduced. Pompolitists had to wear four triangles, like foreman , but have commissary stars on the sleeves. However, they could not spread this practice everywhere in the army. First of all, due to the fact that among the junior command staff there were almost no members of the CPSU (b) or Komsomol members, and there was no one to fill these positions.

Military cadets wore buttonholes rank and file, but they bore a cipher indicating the school. For example, "LVIU" - the Leningrad Military Engineering School. The colors of the buttonholes according to the type of military forces of the school, ciphering with yellow oil paint on a stencil. There are encryptions embroidered with yellow silk thread.

In the photo on the right: in a casual jacket.

Combined arms generals (including infantry and cavalry) receive buttonholes red, generals of tank forces and artillery - the black velvet, aviation generals - blue , all other generals are crimson. On the collar tabs of generals of the combat arms, the emblems of the combat arms are placed. Generals of the army and all generals (including infantry and cavalry) do not have emblems in their collar tabs.

The ranks of generals differ in the number of stars (golden metal with a diameter of 2 cm) in the buttonholes:
2 stars -,
3 stars - lieutenant general ,
4 stars - colonel general ,
5 stars - army General ,
1 large star in a wreath - marshal Soviet Union (star diameter on uniform collar tabs 4.4 cm, on overcoat 5 cm).

Sleeves chevrons 9 cm wide. from braid 32mm wide. On the bottom of the chevron, a colored piping according to the type of troops, 3mm wide. Above the chevron is a gold embroidered star. Chevrons the general of the army and the marshal had some differences - the diameter of the star is larger.

1- tank troops, 2-lieutenant-general of aviation, 3-colonel-general of the quartermaster service, 4- army General , 5- marshal Soviet Union.

2 On July 6, 1940, by order of the NCO No. 226, additional ranks were introduced:
for senior officers - lieutenant colonel ,
for the military-political staff - the senior battalion commissar.

Change accordingly and insignia . Lieutenant colonel and the senior battalion commissar received three rectangles in the buttonhole, and colonel and the regimental commissar, four rectangles each.

Four "sleepers" are only colonel and the regimental commissar.

The same order changes the appearance of the sleeve chevrons of the middle and senior command personnel. Now chevrons gold of various widths, sewn on a red flap, cut in the form of a chevron.

1st junior lieutenant ,
2nd lieutenant,
3rd senior lieutenant ,
4-captain,
5-major and lieutenant colonel ,
6th Colonel.

In the picture on the right: lieutenant colonel with insignia arr. 1940. The sleeves are clearly visible chevrons ... You can also see three "sleepers" in the buttonholes. However, no emblems are visible in the buttonholes. For that time, although the wearing of emblems, who was supposed to, was considered mandatory, however, their absence in buttonholes can be found in very many photographs. Moreover, more often among senior and higher command and command personnel. Apparently, this habit has persisted since the days when emblems were generally optional.

Changes in ranks and insignia in 1940 ended with a change in the names of the ranks of the junior command and command personnel and the introduction of the rank corporal in the rank and file category. (NCO order No. 391 of November 2, 1940). Have changed accordingly and insignia ranks of private and junior command and command personnel.

Changes in the ranks and insignia of private and junior command personnel.
In the corners of the buttonholes of the Red Army men and sergeants, it was ordered to fasten a ribbed triangle of yellow metal. This triangle did not carry any semantic load and performed a purely decorative role. It should be noted that before the start of the war, these decorations had been issued to the troops of the Moscow District, and partly in the Kiev, Leningrad and Western Districts.

Insignia of rank corporal made red fabric stripes in red for all genera

troops. On the tunic buttonhole, the strip was 5mm wide. and passed along the center buttonholes ... On the overcoat buttonhole, its width was 10mm and it went horizontally from corner to corner. When assigning sergeant ranks, this strip was not removed from the buttonholes. Obviously, with the introduction of new insignia, it became impossible to distinguish the corporal from the cadet of the regimental sergeant school. Red the triangle was hidden under the golden metal, and the stripes were the same.

1-Red Army soldier (car parts),
2nd corporal (artillery),
3-junior sergeant (technical service in artillery, automobile or tank units),
4-sergeant (aviation),
5-senior sergeant (tank forces),
6-petty officer (sapper units).

The foreman's buttonhole stood out among the buttonholes of the rest of the sergeant staff. Between edging and field buttonholes additionally there was a golden braid with a width of 3-4 mm. (the same as on the officers' buttonholes), but please note that here this little braid is sewn not instead of the piping, but next to it. This, as it were, emphasized the special status of the foreman.

A note on the NCO's technical service emblem. These emblems were worn by sergeants of the repair units that were part of the mechanized units. They were also worn by tank driver mechanics, since at that time the regular ranks of tank driver and radio operator were staff Sergeant technical service. Recall that the commander of the medium tank was ml. lieutenant , heavy tank lieutenant ... Gunner, or as this position was called "tower commander" had the rank of foreman. And only the position of the loader was for the Red Army.

These were the last changes in insignia before the Great Patriotic War.

Sources
1. Resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars dated September 22, 1935. "On the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army." Department of the publishing house of the NKO of the USSR. Moscow ... 1935
2.Order of the NCO of the USSR. No. 176 dated December 3, 1935.
3.Order of the NKO of the USSR. No. 19 dated January 25, 1938.
4.Order of the NGO of the USSR No. 163 dated August 20, 1937.
5.Order of the NCO of the USSR. No. 87 dated April 5, 1940.
6.Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 112 dated May 8, 1940.
7.Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the SSR dated May 7, 1940. "On the establishment of military ranks of the highest command staff of the Red Army."
8. Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 212 dated July 13, 1940.
9. Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 226 of July 26, 1940
10. Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 391 of November 2, 1940

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Oleg Volkov, senior lieutenant in reserve, former commander of the T-55 tank, gunner of the 1st class gun. We have been waiting for her for so long. Three long years. They waited from the very minute when they changed their civilian clothes for soldiers' uniforms. All this time she came to us in dreams, in between exercises, shooting at ranges, studying materiel, outfits, drill and other numerous military duties. We are Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Ukrainians,

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND MAINTAINING A UNIFORM COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA PRIVATE STAFF, Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 183 1932 1. General Provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command staff of the ground and air forces of the RKKA is supplied to supply a single size, designed for the greatest growth of command personnel and overcoats and warm overalls leather uniforms, fur clothes with waist and shoulder belts of three sizes 1

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND MAINTAINING A UNIFORM COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA PRIVATE STAFF, Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 183 1932 1. General Provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command staff of the ground and air forces of the RKKA is supplied to supply a single size, designed for the greatest growth of command personnel and overcoats and warm overalls leather uniforms, fur clothes with waist and shoulder belts of three sizes 1 heights, namely 1 Equipment

The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages according to various epochal events. As a rule, changes in the political life of the state lead to a number of cardinal changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management. Before the beginning of this period, there was

The era, which is a couple of decades long, which begins after the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, marked itself with numerous changes in the life of the once former Empire. The reorganization of virtually all structures of peaceful and military activity turned out to be a rather lengthy and controversial process. In addition, we know from the course of history that immediately after the revolution, Russia was engulfed in a bloody civil war, in which it was not without intervention. It is hard to imagine that the original ranks

Winter uniforms of the Red Army 1940-1945 Overcoat Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 733 dated December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat cloth. Turn-down collar. Hidden clasp with five hooks. Split welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. The fold ends in a slot at the back. The strap fastens to the posts with two buttons. The overcoat for the command and command staff was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR

Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943 The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army is abbreviated as the Red Army, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of World War II, oddly enough, was met in military uniform of the 1925 model.The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms for all personnel of the Red Army, and insignia. The old official ranks were partially retained for the military-political, military-technical.

The Soviet system of insignia is unique. Such a practice cannot be found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government, otherwise the order was copied from the rules of the army insignia of tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were subsequently replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the figures triangles, squares, rhombuses under the star,

Insignia of servicemen of the Red Army 1919-1921 With the coming of the RCP b to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, relying on Karl Marx's thesis about replacing the regular army with universal armament of the working people, took an active part in eliminating the imperial army of Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, by decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars On the Elective Beginning and Organization of Power in the Army and On Equalization in the Rights of All Servicemen, all military ranks were canceled.

The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations. The wearing of a naval uniform of a naval uniform is mandatory for servicemen of the armed forces of the state and other formations where military service is provided. In the Russian armed forces, there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes

In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the everyday name of an Afghan woman was the first to receive parts and units located in the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In 1988, in 1988, Order 250 of the USSR Ministry of Defense of 03/04/88 introduced the wearing of a full dress uniform by soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a tunic in a green shirt. From left to right

THE MAIN INTENDANT DEPARTMENT OF THE RKKA INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND WEARING OUTDOOR ACCESSORIES OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY FIGHTER MILITARY NKO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Equipment types and composition set III. Fitting Equipment IV. Laying equipment V. Making a greatcoat roll VI. Assembling Equipment VII. The procedure for putting on equipment VIII. Instructions for using the equipment IX.

Continuity and innovation in modern military heraldry The first official military heraldic sign is the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, established on January 27, 1997 by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation, in the form of a golden two-headed eagle with outstretched wings, holding a sword in its paws, as the most common symbol of the armed defense of the Fatherland. and a wreath is a symbol of special importance, significance and honor of military labor. This emblem was created to indicate ownership

Considering all the stages of the creation of the armed forces of Russia, it is necessary to deeply immerse oneself in history, and although during the times of the principalities there is no talk of the Russian Empire, and even more so of a regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the XIII century, Russia was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection from outside encroachments. Unified army

The emblem of the Airborne Forces - in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of all the symbols of units and formations of the Airborne Forces. This sign is not only an expression of the soldier's belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, intelligent, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne

This attribute of military equipment has earned a worthy place among others, due to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The very name of the helmet comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. If you believe the encyclopedias, then this term means a leather or metal headdress used to protect the head by the military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,

Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from that of the Soviet ground Army. If only not green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and the more frequent and widespread use of KLMK camouflage summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of special field uniforms, some changes occurred, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits of a hitherto unusual cut. 1.

Summer uniforms of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943. SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR THE COMMAND AND LEADERSHIP OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941. The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, buttonholes are sewn in khaki with insignia. The gymnast has a chest strap with a fastener

Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army back in 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage coats and capes of spotted color spots in the shape of amoebas and received the unspoken name amoeba of four colors for summer, spring-autumn, desert and for mountainous regions. In a separate row are white camouflage coats for winter camouflage. Much more massively produced.

Back in World War II, German soldiers were terrified by marines. Since then, the latter have been assigned a second name, black death or black devils, indicating the inevitable reprisal against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname has something to do with the fact that the infantryman wore a black pea jacket. Only one thing is known for certain if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion's share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered the symbol of the Marine Corps

Patches of the USSR Navy states Information presented on this page, order numbers, etc. , based on materials from the book of Alexander Borisovich Stepanov Patch of the Armed Forces of the USSR. 1920-91 I Patch of anti-tank artillery units ORDER OF THE PEOPLE'S DEFENSE COMMISSIONER OF THE USSR dated July 1, 1942 0528

Order for the Naval Forces Rab.-Cross. Red Army 52 of April 16, 1934 Specialists of the private and junior command personnel, in addition to the sleeve insignia, also wear specialty insignia embroidered on black cloth. The diameter of the round signs is 10.5 cm. The circumference of the signs is embroidered with gold thread or yellow silk for conscripts in specialties for conscripts, and red thread for conscripts. The design of the sign is embroidered with red thread.

June 3, 1946 In accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by JV Stalin, the Airborne Forces were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. A sleeve sign is visible on the right sleeve of those walking in the first rank. The decree instructed the chief of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces, together with the commander of the Airborne Forces, to prepare proposals

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, the sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. A detailed analysis of the history of stripes and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the material of Voenpro. The introduction of the RKKA sleeve insignia stages, features, symbols Distinctive insignia of the sleeve type are used to identify servicemen of certain branches of the armed forces. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend

Soviet mountain rifle gunners in ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Relying on the significant combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Main Directorate for Combat Training of the Ground Forces of the Red Army took up a radical solution to the issues of providing the Soviet infantry with the latest weapons and equipment. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing the combined arms commanders. At this meeting, presentations were made by

In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, in the summer, they wore half boots, they were also boots and boots, in the cold winter time, felt boots were issued. The highest command staff could wear burka winter boots in winter. The choice of footwear depended on the rank of the serviceman; the officers always relied on boots and on the position they held. Before the war, there were many improvements and changes in the field

From buttonholes to shoulder straps P. Lipatov Uniform and insignia of the ground forces of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a uniform of the 1935 model. Around the same time, they acquired their usual we look like Wehrmacht soldiers. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army.

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often are generally hidden under jackets. However, today it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs without these unprepossessing-looking armor. Body armor is clothing that prevents a bullet from entering the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate

Various types of small arms and edged weapons that were in service with partisans Trophy weapons of partisans Various independent alterations of copies of Soviet and captured weapons Partisans' actions behind enemy lines damage power lines, posting propaganda leaflets, reconnaissance, destruction of traitors. Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower Undermining of bridges and railways, methods

PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF THE MILITARY SERVICES 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF THE LAND AND MARINE FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by the resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the land and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for the naval forces of the RKKA of September 1919 1935 for the naval forces of the RKKA of September 1935. Announced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Private and command personnel Political composition

In the Red Army, two types of collar tabs were used, everyday colored and field protective. There were also differences in the collar tabs of the command and command personnel, so that the commander could be distinguished from the chief. Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the NKO of the USSR 253 dated August 1, 1941, which canceled the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of a completely green khaki

Red Army uniforms Red Army headwear Patches of distinction Patches of distinction Patches of distinction Patches of insignia Patches of insignia Patches of insignia Patches of insignia Patches of distinction Patches of distinction Patches of distinction Patches

The story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army will have to start with some general questions. In addition, a small excursion into the history of the Russian state will be useful, so as not to formulate empty references to the past. By themselves, shoulder straps represent a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders in order to indicate the position or rank, as well as the type of troops and service. This is done in several ways, fastening strips, stars, making gaps, chevrons.

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the USSR for the personnel of the Soviet Army. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most fleets of the world, shoulder straps were not used, and the rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve, the sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia shoulder straps

Probably, like most of the people around me, I was not very interested in the details of what kubars and sleepers on the collar tabs of red commanders in the pre-war and war period mean. Not that it was not at all interesting, but somehow the usual "lieutenant", "captain" or "colonel" sounded in films and books. Of course, there were situations when, while reading a book or a story on a military theme, I came across phrases like "judging by the two sleepers on the collar tabs, it was a major ...", the epaulette of a Soviet major with one asterisk, familiar to us all, instantly jumped out of memory, but the development of the plot was distracting from a question left in the subconscious until better times. Let's assume that these better times have come.

In fact, until 1943, severe asceticism prevailed in the outward appearance of the Soviet soldier. In any case, from the films about the civil war, it was difficult to understand whether there was any system of external difference in the Red Army, say, a company commander from a platoon commander. As a general fighter of the Red Army, being, suppose on dismissal, he could understand that in front of him was a commander, and not a courier in a leather jacket on a motorcycle. Somehow, such questions did not arise before, but when preparing the article, every now and then I came across articles and colorful tablets with descriptions of the soldiers and commanders of the Red Army, so I decided to put it all in a separate article. What was unexpected for me personally was, of course, such insignia as triangles, squares and rhombuses. I have always personified them with the dashing thirties and forties. About that, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 628 of April 8, 1919, the first samples of uniforms were approved: a headdress in the form of a helmet, an infantry and cavalry overcoat with three stripes on the chest ("talk") of colored cloth according to the type of troops, a summer shirt with three stripes of broadcloth on the chest in color for the type of troops and leather boots was unexpected. Also, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 572 of April 3, 1920, the sleeve insignia of the combat arms were introduced. So, the sign of the infantry was a rhombus made of crimson cloth, a circle was embroidered on it - in the upper part of the yellow color, with diverging rays, a star was depicted in the center of the circle, the bottom of the sign was a green field, under the star a metal emblem was attached to the field - crossed rifles. The pattern on the badge was the same for all branches of the army, only the emblem of the corresponding branch of the army was attached under the star, the badges differed in shape and color of the field. So, among the servicemen of the engineering troops, the badge had the shape of a square made of black cloth, for the cavalry - horseshoes made of blue cloth, etc. Two years later, on January 31, 1922, by order of the RVSR No. 322, a new uniform was introduced with a single cut of an overcoat, a tunic, a helmet , new insignia: a cloth flap was sewn to the sleeve according to the color of the military branch, in the upper part of which there was a scarlet entry, below it - insignia, above the flap - a badge of the military branch. The command staff had red insignia, the administrative staff - blue ... On the headdresses, a small metal star was attached over a woolen colored star (color according to the type of troops). The uniforms of the commanding staff were no different from the uniforms of the Red Army soldier. In general, in the figure below, I tried to schematically, somehow reduce all my knowledge in this area to a single whole. how much it turned out, experts will probably say, but in any case, personally I already understand.

This could have ended. The time period - the Civil War ends at the turn of 1921 - 1922. True, the reader never received an answer to the question of how all these triangles, squares and rhombuses later turned into lieutenants and captains, majors and colonels, where are the "sleepers" and the stars of the command staff. All this will be, but a little later. A series of military reforms will go through and gradually the Red Army will take on the form we are accustomed to with cubicles and ties. For now, I can only add that two years later, after the official end of hostilities in 1924, the army switched to a new, more simplified uniform. Breast flaps and sleeve insignia were canceled, buttonholes were sewn on overcoat and tunic; in the infantry - from raspberry cloth with black edging, in the cavalry - from blue cloth with black edging, in the artillery - from black cloth with red edging, in the technical troops - from black cloth with blue edging, in the Air Force - from blue cloth with red edging, for the administrative staff - dark green with red edging. Metal insignia, covered with red enamel, were attached to the buttonholes: rhombuses for the senior command personnel, rectangles for the senior, squares for the middle, and triangles for the junior. The Red Army men had regiment numbers on their buttonholes. One of the variants of this form of clothing, we can see in the famous film "Officers". It is very clear here that the hero of the film belongs to such a branch of troops as the cavalry, he has a characteristic color of his buttonholes and "conversations", the emblem of the cavalry is visible in the buttonhole. In another shot, it is very clearly visible that the former cadet already belongs to the command staff with the rank of platoon commander,
judging by the two triangles on the sleeve.

Well, in order to completely draw the line, I would like to remind once again that the most favorite fragment of the film "Officers" is the awarding of red revolutionary trousers.

After the two previous articles, I consider it necessary to close the circle of reflections on the history of Russian and Soviet military ranks, the period 1912 - 1943, from the moment of the last military reform in the Russian Imperial Army and to the return, at least outwardly, to the symbols and traditions of the Russian army during the Great Patriotic War. ...

In 1924, when the military reform was carried out, the entire command staff was subdivided into: junior, middle, senior and higher, and 14 job categories were also defined.

Over the course of a hundred it was clear that the elimination of insignia was too hasty, so they gradually began to be introduced again. The new insignia had nothing in common with the insignia used in the tsarist army. In July 1940, the insignia introduced in 1936 were reformed. The Red Army entered the war using insignia of the 1940 model. Insignia were worn in buttonholes. There were two types of buttonholes: rectangular for most types of uniforms and rhombic for overcoats. Three categories of officers were distinguished: marshals and generals who wore gold-embroidered stars in their buttonholes, senior officers (divisional commanders and brigade commanders) who wore enamel rhombuses with gold edging in their buttonholes, middle officers (colonels and captains) who wore enameled rectangles in their buttonholes and junior officers (lieutenants), who wore in their buttonholes, enameled squares - "kubari". Sergeants and foremen wore enamel triangles in their buttonholes.

The branches and services were indicated by the color of the edging and insignia. The color of the buttonhole field indicated belonging to the branch of the army, in addition, a small badge in the buttonhole indicated belonging to a certain branch of the army.

Commissars occupied a special position in the army. There were commissars in every unit from the battalion and above. In 1937, in each division (company, platoon), the position of political instructor - a junior political officer was introduced. The insignia of the commissars in general were similar to the insignia of officers, but had their own characteristics. Instead of chevrons, the commissars wore a red star on their sleeves.

In January 1941, another reform of the Red Army uniform was carried out. The changes were supposed to make the uniform more convenient for use in combat conditions. First of all, they abandoned the use of bright chevrons and buttonholes and replaced them with samples of more faded colors. The buttonhole field began to be made of khaki fabric, and the enamel signs were replaced by metal ones. Plans to modernize the uniform extended until October 1941, but were interrupted by the outbreak of war.

Articles in the May and June issues of newspapers for 1940 emphasized the importance and authority of the ranks of generals and admirals of the Soviet Union, noted the responsibility and role of the bearers of these ranks before the country and history:

The supreme commander was awarded the lives of thousands and thousands of soldiers. He leads the battle and knows how best to use the available forces and means. He is responsible for the outcome of the battle, for the decisive defeat of the enemy. A huge mass of people, the entire powerful organism of modern warfare must unswervingly obey the will of the sovereign commander, flexibly and accurately carry out his orders and decisions.

Also received military ranks:

• colonel General of Artillery:

• lieutenant general:

• artillery lieutenant general:
  • Drozdov N.F.

• lieutenant general of tank forces:

• lieutenant General of Engineering Troops:

• major general:

• admiral

other.

Since July 1940, the Marshals of the Soviet Union have a new uniform and new insignia:

• a large gold star, two laurel branches and an emblem - a hammer and sickle were embroidered on the diamond-shaped buttonholes,
• on the sleeves - a large gold star, bordered with a red edging, and a square of gold embroidery, in the red gap of which there are two golden laurel branches.

Insignia of the commanding staff of the armed forces on June 22, 1941

Military rank	Insignia
	in buttonholes	on the sleeves
Ground Forces, Air Force (except naval aviation) and troops NKVD including border troops
Rank and file
Not	Not
		Red longitudinal clearance 5 mm wide (on gymnastics), 1 cm (on overcoat)
Junior command staff
Lance Sergeant	Red longitudinal clearance 5 mm wide (on gymnastics), 1 cm (on overcoat), 1 enamel triangle	Not
Red longitudinal clearance 5 mm wide (on gymnastics), 1 cm (on overcoat), 2 enamel triangles
Red longitudinal clearance 5 mm wide (on gymnastics), 1 cm (on overcoat), 3 enamel triangles
	Red longitudinal clearance 5 mm wide (on gymnastics), 1 cm (on overcoat), parallel to the edging there was a gold braid 3 mm wide, 4 enamel triangles
Average command staff
Ensign	1 enamel square	1 square of gold braid, 4 mm wide, gaps of red cloth: top 10 mm, bottom 3 mm
2 enamel squares	2 squares of gold braid 4 mm wide, between braids a gap of red cloth 7 mm wide, bottom edging 3 mm wide
3 enamel squares	3 squares of gold braid, 4 mm wide, between braids, gaps of red cloth 5 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Senior command staff
	1 enamel rectangle	2 squares of gold braid 6 mm wide, between the braids a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
	2 enamel rectangles	3 squares of gold galloon 6 mm, between the braids a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
	3 enamel rectangles	2 squares of gold braid: top 6 mm wide, bottom 10 mm, between braids a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, bottom edging 3 mm wide
	4 enamel rectangles	3 squares of gold braid: upper and middle 6 mm wide, lower - 10 mm, between braids, gaps of red cloth 7 mm wide, at the bottom edge 3 mm wide
Supreme command staff
Major General	2 metal gilded stars
3 metal gilded stars	An embroidered small gold star, bordered by a piping according to the type of troops, one square made of gold braid 32 mm wide, below - a piping according to the type of troops 3 mm wide
4 metal gilded stars	An embroidered small gold star, bordered by a piping according to the type of troops, one square made of gold braid 32 mm wide, below - a piping according to the type of troops 3 mm wide
5 metal gilded stars	An embroidered large gold star, bordered with a red edging, one square of a gold braid 32 mm wide, in the upper part of the braid is made of red cloth 10 mm wide
	Embroidered large gold star, at the bottom of the buttonhole, two laurel branches and the hammer and sickle emblem are embroidered in gold	An embroidered large gold star, bordered with a red edging, one square of red cloth, in the middle of which two laurel branches are embroidered in gold, on both sides of the square there is gold embroidery with a red border
Political composition
Junior political instructor	2 enamel squares	Red star with hammer and sickle
Political instructor	3 enamel squares
Senior political instructor	1 enamel rectangle
Battalion commissar	2 enamel rectangles
Senior Battalion Commissioner	3 enamel rectangles
Regimental Commissioner	4 enamel rectangles
Brigadier Commissioner	1 golden rhombus
Divisional Commissioner	2 golden rhombuses
Corps commissar	3 golden rhombuses
Army Commissioner Rank 2	4 golden rhombuses
1st rank army commissar	4 rhombuses and a small golden star
Navy
Rank and file
Red Navy		a red star
Senior sailor
Junior command staff
Petty Officer 2nd Class	no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves
Petty Officer 1st Class
Chief petty officer
Midshipman
Average command staff
no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	1 medium golden stripe
	2 medium golden stripes
	Lieutenant captain
Senior command staff
Rank 3 captain	no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	3 medium golden stripes
Rank 2 captain		4 medium golden stripes
Captain 1 rank		1 wide strip
Supreme command staff
Rear admiral	no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves
Vice Admiral
Admiral
Admiral of the Fleet		Large star, bottom wide and 4 middle stripes
Naval aviation, coastal defense troops and naval border troops
Rank and file
no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	a red star
	Red star with golden edging
Junior command staff
no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	Red star with golden piping and 1 narrow short golden stripe
	Red star with golden piping and 2 narrow short golden stripes
	Red star with golden piping and 3 narrow long golden stripes
	Red star with golden piping and 4 narrow long golden stripes
Average command staff
no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	1 medium golden stripe
	1 medium and 1 narrow golden stripes
	2 medium golden stripes
	2 medium and one narrow golden stripes
Senior command staff
no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	3 medium golden stripes
	4 medium golden stripes
	1 wide strip
Supreme command staff
no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	Small star, lower broad and 1 middle stripe
	Small star, lower broad and 2 middle stripes
	Small star, bottom wide and 3 middle stripes
Political composition of the Navy
Junior political instructor	no buttonholes at all, insignia only on the sleeves	Red star with hammer and sickle, 1 medium and 1 narrow golden stripes
Political instructor		Red star with hammer and sickle and 2 medium golden stripes
Senior political instructor		Red star with hammer and sickle, 2 medium and one narrow golden stripes
Battalion commissar		Red star with hammer and sickle and 3 medium golden stripes
Senior Battalion Commissioner		Red star with hammer and sickle and 4 medium golden stripes
Regimental Commissioner		Red star with hammer and sickle and 1 wide golden stripe
Divisional Commissioner		Red star with hammer and sickle, bottom wide and 1 middle golden stripes
Corps commissar		Red star with hammer and sickle, bottom broad and 2 middle golden stripes
Army Commissioner Rank 2		Red star with hammer and sickle, bottom wide and 3 middle golden stripes
1st rank army commissar		Red star with hammer and sickle, bottom wide and 4 middle golden stripes
Special ranks of the military personnel of the NKVD (NKGB since 1941)
State Security Sergeant	Two enamel squares
Junior Lieutenant of State Security	Three enamel squares	The badge is an oval embroidered on a speckled cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. The oval and sword blade are of silver color, the hilt of the sword, sickle and hammer are of golden color.
State Security Lieutenant	One enamel rectangle	The badge is an oval embroidered on a speckled cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. The oval and sword blade are of silver color, the hilt of the sword, sickle and hammer are of golden color.
Senior Lieutenant of State Security	Two enamel rectangles	The badge is an oval embroidered on a speckled cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. The oval and sword blade are of silver color, the hilt of the sword, sickle and hammer are of golden color.
State Security Captain	Three enamel rectangles	The badge is an oval embroidered on a speckled cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. The oval and sword blade are of silver color, the hilt of the sword, sickle and hammer are of golden color.
Major of State Security	1 enamel rhombus
Senior Major of State Security (State Security Commissioner)	2 enamel rhombuses	The badge is an oval embroidered on a maroon cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. the oval is golden, the sword, sickle and hammer are silver.
State Security Commissioner 3rd Rank	3 enamel rhombuses	The badge is an oval embroidered on a maroon cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. the oval is golden, the sword, sickle and hammer are silver.
State Security Commissioner 2nd Rank	4 enamel rhombuses	The badge is an oval embroidered on a maroon cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. the oval is golden, the sword, sickle and hammer are silver.
1st Rank State Security Commissioner	Star and 4 enamel rhombuses	The badge is an oval embroidered on a maroon cloth with a sword, sickle and hammer in the center. the oval is golden, the sword, sickle and hammer are silver.
General Commissioner of State Security		Golden star with hammer and sickle
Engineering and technical staff, military-economic and administrative staff, military-medical and military-veterinary staff, military-legal staff
Junior military technician	one enamel square	not
Military technician rank 2 Rank 2 Quartermaster Technician Military assistant Military assistant Junior military officer	two enamel squares
Military technician rank 1 Rank 1 Quartermaster Technician Senior military assistant Senior military assistant Warlord	three enamel squares
Military Engineer Rank 3 Rank 3 quartermaster Military doctor 3 ranks Military doctor 3 ranks Warlord 3 ranks	one enamel rectangle
Military engineer rank 2 Quartermaster 2nd rank Military doctor rank 2 Military doctor of the 2nd rank Warlord 2 rank	two enamel rectangles
Military engineer rank 1 1st rank quartermaster 1st rank military doctor Military doctor of the 1st rank Warlord 1st rank	three enamel rectangles
Brigade engineer Brigade commander Brigade doctor Brigade veterinarian Brigade	1 golden (enamel) rhombus
Major General of Technical Troops Major General of the Quartermaster Service Divvoenologist Divvoenvector Divvoenurist	2 golden stars or 2 golden (enamel) rhombuses
Lieutenant General of the Technical Troops Lieutenant General of the Quartermaster Service Corvor doctor Veterinary doctor Corvoyurist	3 golden stars or 3 (enamel) golden rhombuses
Colonel General of Technical Troops Colonel General of the Quartermaster Service Armenian military doctor Armvoenvector Armmilitary lawyer	4 golden stars or 4 golden (enamel) rhombuses

Notes

1. The colors of stripes, buttonholes and edging for generals and the Marshal of the Soviet Union are as follows:

• for Marshal of the Soviet Union and general generals - red.
• for generals of artillery and tank troops, the color of the buttonholes is black (velvet), stripes, edges on the cap are red.
• for aviation generals - blue.
• for generals of communications troops, engineering, technical troops and the quartermaster service - crimson.

2. Generals of artillery, tank troops, aviation, communications troops, engineering, technical troops and the quartermaster service on their collar tabs had established emblems for the type of troops and service.

3. The colors of the combat arms were as follows:

• infantry - crimson;
• artillery and armored forces - black;
• Air Force and Airborne Forces - blue;
• cavalry - blue;
• economic and administrative staff - dark green;
• for the NKVD and NKGB troops: border guards - bright green, GB - dark blue, the rest - maroon.

4. The buttonholes of the commanding staff were color according to the military line with edging in twisted gold braid. They relied on the political composition with color edging according to the type of troops. The command and political personnel had emblems on the buttonholes of the type of troops.

5. Buttonholes for junior commanding personnel - in color according to the type of troops or service, with cloth edging in color according to the type of troops, red longitudinal clearance for all types of troops and services - the same. The buttonholes contained the emblem of the branch of the military and a golden triangle (in the upper corner).

6. In fiction, the colloquial name of a square is often found - "cube", "kubar", a rectangle - "sleeper".

Military ranks of the services of the Red Army and the Navy of the USSR

During 1942-1943, the People's Commissariat of Defense continued to work out the military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army and the VFM of the USSR. The changes were due to the fact that the military ranks of the commanding staff were characterized by a plurality of positions and differed sharply not only from the ranks of the commanding staff, but were significantly different for different services.

The first decisions of the USSR State Defense Committee on this issue were:

• decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 1528 dated 04.04. "On the introduction of personal military ranks to the engineering and technical staff of the Navy Air Force" and the order of the NK Navy dated 10.04. the same ranks were introduced into the USSR Navy.

• in March, similar decisions were made regarding the military ranks of the military-technical staff:
  • by decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 1381 of 03.03. "On the introduction of personal military ranks to the engineering and technical staff of the artillery of the Red Army" and Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 68 of 04.03. the following ranks of the artillery engineering staff were introduced: technician-lieutenant, senior technician-lieutenant, engineer-captain, engineer-major, engineer-lieutenant colonel, engineer-colonel, general-major, general-lieutenant, general-colonel artillery engineering service,
  • by decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 1408 dated 07.03. "On the introduction of personal military ranks to the engineering and technical staff of the armored forces of the Red Army" and Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 71 of 08.03. the following ranks of the engineering and technical staff of the armored forces were introduced: technician-lieutenant, senior technician-lieutenant, engineer-captain, engineer-major, engineer-colonel, engineer-colonel, major general-lieutenant-general, general-colonel engineering tank service.
  • By order of NCO No. 93 of March 30. the resolution of the State Defense Committee No. 1494 of 26.03 was announced. introducing military ranks for senior and middle commanding officers of the quartermaster service: lieutenant of the quartermaster service, senior lieutenant of the quartermaster service, captain of the quartermaster service, major of the quartermaster service, lieutenant colonel of the quartermaster service and colonel quartermaster service.

• Resolution of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 1912 of 17.06. "On the introduction of personal military ranks to the entire engineering and technical staff of the coastal service of the Navy of the USSR" and by order of the NK Navy dated 27.06. the following ranks were introduced: engineer-lieutenant, senior engineer-lieutenant, engineer-captain, engineer-major, engineer-colonel, engineer-colonel, engineer-major-general, engineer-general-lieutenant, engineer-colonel-general coastal service Of the USSR Navy.

• The idea of \u200b\u200bdifferentiating military ranks for persons with higher and secondary technical education leads to the introduction of existing (technician-lieutenant and senior technician-lieutenant) new military ranks for the commanding staff of artillery with a secondary technical education: decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 2303 of 13.09. "On the introduction of personal military ranks to the commanding staff of the artillery of the Red Army with secondary technical education" and Order of the NKO of the USSR No. 278 of 14.09. : Captain of the Artillery-Technical Service, Major of the Artillery-Technical Service, Lieutenant Colonel of the Artillery-Technical Service and Colonel artillery and technical service.

• By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 09.10. "On the establishment of full one-man command and the abolition of the institution of military commissars in the Red Army" announced by order of the NCO No. 307 of 09.10. canceled existing titles political composition... It was also supposed:
  • the military councils of fronts and armies, within a month, to assign to political workers command military ranks within the limits of the rights granted to them;
  • military councils of the fronts to provide the People's Commissariat of Defense no later than November 15, 1942, through the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army, attestation material for assigning command ranks to political workers, starting with the senior battalion commissar and above.

• The order of the NCO No. 10 announced the resolution of the State Defense Committee No. 2685 of 04.02. "On the introduction of personal military ranks to the military medical and military veterinary personnel of the Red Army", No. GOKO-2822 "On the introduction of personal military ranks engineering, legal and administrative staff of the Red Army"(The same decree introduced a new category of servicemen - administrative staff; it included persons serving in headquarters, institutions, military educational institutions and local military administration bodies (military commissariats) and who performed organizational, mobilization and other work) in the Red Army
• from 14.02. No. 2890 "On the establishment of personal military ranks for quartermaster, medical, veterinary, administrative and legal staff of the Navy"In the Soviet Navy,

• By order of NCO No. 55 dated 06.02. the decree of the State Defense Committee No. 2822 dated 04.02 was announced. who established the ranks for the middle, senior and higher engineering and technical personnel of the signal troops, engineering troops, anti-chemical protection troops, topographic troops, railway troops of the Red Army: junior technician-lieutenant, technician-lieutenant, senior technician-lieutenant, engineer-captain, engineer- major, lieutenant colonel engineer, colonel engineer, major general, lieutenant general, colonel general engineering service,

and for the legal and administrative staff of the Red Army ranks: junior lieutenant of justice, lieutenant of justice, senior lieutenant of justice, captain of justice, major of justice, lieutenant colonel of justice, colonel of justice, major general of justice, lieutenant general of justice, colonel general justice. , which introduced the following military ranks: captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel aviation technical service.

In the medical service	In the veterinary service	For the engineering and technical staff of the coastal service of the Navy of the USSR	For naval engineers	In the artillery and technical service	In the engineering and artillery service	In the aviation engineering service (rank from captain to colonel only with higher education)	In the engineering tank service (rank from captain to colonel only with higher education)	For the engineering and technical staff of the signal troops, engineering, chemical protection, railway and topographic troops of the Red Army (rank from captain to colonel only with higher education)	In the quartermaster service	For the military-legal staff	For the administrative staff
Middle and senior command personnel
junior lieutenant of medical service	junior lieutenant of the veterinary service	Rank was not entered		Rank was not entered					Rank was not entered	junior lieutenant of justice	junior lieutenant of administrative service
medical lieutenant	veterinary lieutenant	lieutenant engineer	lieutenant engineer	technician-lieutenant of the artillery and technical service		technician-lieutenant of the aviation engineering service	technician-lieutenant of the engineering and tank service		quartermaster lieutenant	lieutenant of justice	administrative lieutenant
senior lieutenant of the medical service	senior lieutenant of the veterinary service	senior lieutenant engineer	senior Lieutenant Engineer, Naval Service	senior lieutenant technician of the artillery and technical service	senior lieutenant technician of the engineering and artillery service	senior lieutenant technician of the aviation engineering service	senior Lieutenant Technician of the Tank Engineering Service	senior technician-lieutenant of engineering and technical service	senior lieutenant of the quartermaster service	senior lieutenant of justice	senior lieutenant of administrative service
medical captain	veterinary captain	engineer-captain	naval service lieutenant engineer	captain of the artillery and technical service	engineer-captain of the engineering and artillery service	engineer-captain of the aviation engineering service	engineer-captain of the engineering and tank service	engineering captain	quartermaster captain	captain of justice	administrative captain
medical major	veterinary major	major engineer	rank 3 Lieutenant Engineer	major of the artillery and technical service	major Engineer of the Engineering and Artillery Service	major Engineer Aviation Engineering	major Engineer, Tank Engineering	engineering major	quartermaster major	major of Justice	major of administrative service
lieutenant colonel of the medical service	lieutenant colonel of the veterinary service	lieutenant Colonel Engineer	engineer-lieutenant-commander 2 rank	lieutenant colonel of the artillery and technical service	engineer-lieutenant colonel of the engineering and artillery service	engineer-lieutenant colonel of the aviation engineering service	engineer-lieutenant colonel of the engineering and tank service	lieutenant Colonel of Engineering Service	lieutenant colonel of the quartermaster service	lieutenant colonel of justice	lieutenant colonel of administrative service
medical colonel	colonel of the Veterinary Service	colonel engineer	engineer-lieutenant-commander 1 rank	colonel of the Artillery and Technical Service	colonel Engineer of the Engineering and Artillery Service	colonel Engineer of the Aviation Engineering Service	colonel Engineer of the Tank Engineering Service	colonel of Engineering Service	colonel of the quartermaster service	colonel of justice	colonel of Administrative Service
Higher command staff
major general of medical service	major general of the veterinary service	coastal service major general engineer	The highest rank was not introduced	The highest rank was not introduced	major general of the engineering and artillery service	major general of the aviation engineering service	major general of the engineering tank service	major general of engineering and technical service	Introduced on 07.05. See above "Soviet generals and admirals"	major General of Justice	The highest rank was not introduced
lieutenant general of the medical service	lieutenant general of the veterinary service	coastal service lieutenant general engineer			lieutenant general of the engineering and artillery service	lieutenant General of the Aviation Engineering Service	lieutenant General of the Tank Engineering Service	lieutenant general of engineering and technical service		lieutenant general of justice
colonel General of the Medical Service	colonel General of the Veterinary Service In late September or early October 1942, G.K. Zhukov and I, busy with the preparation of an offensive operation at Stalingrad, were summoned to Headquarters with another report. After the discussion of the report was over and all decisions on it were made, Stalin informed us about the intention of the GKO, in order to further strengthen and raise the authority of the command staff of the army and navy, establish one-man command in them, abolish the institution of military commissars and subsequently change the uniform officers and generals, taking as a basis the old insignia of the old army - shoulder straps. We were immediately asked to look at the samples of this clothing prepared in the next room by Comrade Khrulev. MI Kalinin and some other members of the Politburo were present during the examination. Discussing this issue, we made sure that this was not the first conversation with our leadership on this topic. Military history journal. 1963. No. 15. P.115. "From the memoirs of Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky" A serious reason that prompted the Soviet government to introduce shoulder straps in the Red Army was the introduction of one-man command. In combat conditions, they decided to raise and strengthen the authority of command personnel with new insignia. The need to introduce shoulder straps was also dictated by the forthcoming joint actions and close interaction on the battlefields with the allied armies. It was found useful to introduce generally recognized insignia in the Armed Forces - shoulder straps. In the same place. "From the memoirs of the Chief Marshal of Artillery N. N. Voronov" Shoulder straps were introduced in the Army by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council dated 06.01. "On the introduction of new insignia for the personnel of the Red Army"; in the Navy - 15.02 Wikipedia Military ranks in the Armed Forces of the USSR 1955-1991 - See also: Insignia of the Armed Forces of the USSR ... Wikipedia Military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - In the Russian Federation, there are two types of military ranks, military and naval. Naval military ranks are assigned to sailors of the surface and submarine forces of the Navy (Navy), naval military units of the internal ... ... Wikipedia This is an article about military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from 1994 to 2010. About modern military ranks, and the accepted insignia, in 2010, see the article Military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ... ... Wikipedia Military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (1994-2010) - This is an article about shoulder straps from 1994 to 2010, about modern shoulder straps adopted in 2010, see the article Military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (1994 2010) signs ... Wikipedia