Physical phenomena are the world around us. What is a phenomenon

We often take for granted everything that happens to us on earth, but every minute our lives are controlled by many forces. The world has a surprising amount of unusual, paradoxical, or requiring explanation of physical laws that we encounter every day. In an entertaining exploration of physical phenomena that everyone should know, we'll talk about common cases that many people think are mysteries, strange forces that we cannot understand, and how science fiction can become a reality through the manipulation of light.

10. Effect of cold wind

Our perception of temperature is quite subjective. Humidity, individual physiology, and even our mood can alter our perception of hot and cold temperatures. The same happens with the wind: the temperature we experience is not real. The air that directly surrounds the human body serves as a kind of air cloak. This insulating air cushion keeps you warm. When the wind blows on you, this air cushion blows away and you start to feel the real temperature, which is much colder. The effect of the cool wind affects only those objects that generate heat.

9. The faster you go, the stronger the impact force.

People tend to think in a linear fashion, mostly based on observational principles; if one drop of rain weighs 50 milligrams, two drops should weigh about 100 milligrams. However, the forces that control the universe often show us a different result related to the distribution of forces. An object moving at a speed of 40 kilometers per hour will hit the wall with a certain force. If you double the speed of an object to 80 kilometers per hour, the impact force will not double, but quadruple. This law explains why highway accidents are much more devastating than urban accidents.

8. The orbit is just a constant free fall.

Satellites appear as a notable recent appendix to stars, but we rarely think about the concept of "orbit". We know in general that objects move around planets or large celestial bodies and never fall. But the reason for the orbits is surprisingly paradoxical. If an object is dropped, it falls to the surface. However, if it is high enough and moving at a high enough speed, it deflects off the ground in an arc. The same effect prevents the earth from colliding with the sun.

7. Heat causes freezing.

Water is the most important liquid on earth. This is the most mysterious and paradoxical connection in nature. One of the little known properties of water is, for example, that warm water freezes faster than cold water. It is not yet fully understood how this happens, but this phenomenon, known as the Mpemba paradox, was discovered by Aristotle about 3000 years ago. But why exactly this is happening is still a mystery.

6. Air pressure.

At the moment, you are exposed to an air pressure of about 1000 kilograms, the same weight a small car. This is due to the fact that the atmosphere itself is rather heavy, and a person on the ocean floor experiences a pressure of 2.3 kg per square centimeter. Our body can withstand such pressure, and it cannot crush us. However, airtight objects such as plastic bottles thrown from very great heights return to the ground in a squeezed state.

5. Metallic hydrogen.

Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table, making it the simplest element in the universe. Its atomic number 1 means that it has 1 proton, 1 electron and no neutrons. Although hydrogen is known as a gas, it can exhibit some of the properties found in metals rather than gases. Hydrogen is located on the periodic table just above sodium, a volatile metal that is part of the composition of table salt. Physicists have long understood that hydrogen behaves like a metal under high pressure, like the one found on stars and in the core of gas giant planets. Trying to make such a connection on earth requires a lot of effort, but some scientists believe that they have already created small such samples by applying pressure to diamond crystals.

4. Coriolis effect.

Due to the rather large size of the planet, a person does not feel its movement. However, the clockwise motion of the Earth causes objects traveling in the northern hemisphere to move slightly clockwise as well. This phenomenon is known as the Coriolis effect. Since the surface of the Earth moves at a certain speed in relation to the atmosphere, the difference between the Earth's rotation and the movement of the atmosphere causes an object moving northward to pick up the Earth's rotation energy and begin to tilt east. The opposite is true in the southern hemisphere. As a result, navigation systems must take into account the Coriolis force to avoid yawing.

3. Doppler effect.

Sound can be an independent phenomenon, but the perception of sound waves depends on speed. Austrian physicist Christian Doppler discovered that when a moving object, such as a siren, emits sound waves, they accumulate in front of the object and scatter behind it. This phenomenon, known as the Doppler effect, causes the sound of an approaching object to become one tone higher due to the shortening of the sound wavelength. After the object passes by, the trailing sound waves are lengthened and, accordingly, become tones lower.

2. Evaporation.

It would be logical to assume that chemicals must pass through a liquid state as they transition from a solid to a gas-like state. However, water is capable of immediately transforming from a solid to a gas under certain circumstances. Sublimation, or evaporation, can cause glaciers to disappear under the influence of the sun, which turns the ice into steam. Likewise, metals, such as arsenic, can gaseous when heated, releasing toxic gases. Water can evaporate below its melting point when exposed to a heat source.

1.Disguised devices.

Rapidly evolving technology is turning science fiction stories into science facts. We can see objects when light is reflected from them in waves of different lengths. Scientists have put forward the theory that objects can be considered invisible under certain exposure to light. If the light around an object can be diffused, it becomes invisible to the human eye. Recently, this theory became a reality when scientists invented a transparent hexagonal prism that scattered light around an object placed inside. When placed in an aquarium, the prism made the goldfish that swam there invisible, and on the ground the livestock disappeared from sight. This secrecy effect works on the same principles as aircraft, which cannot be detected by radar.

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The world of nature around us is simply teeming with various secrets and riddles. Scientists have been looking for answers for centuries and sometimes try to explain, but even the best minds of mankind still do not succumb to some amazing natural phenomena.

Sometimes one gets the impression that incomprehensible flashes in the sky, spontaneously moving stones do not mean anything special. But, delving into the mysterious manifestations observed on our planet, you understand that it is impossible to answer many questions. Nature carefully hides its secrets, and people put forward all new hypotheses, trying to unravel them.

Today we will consider physical phenomena in wildlife that will make you look at the world around you in a new way.

Physical phenomena

Each body is made up of certain substances, but note that different actions affect the same bodies in different ways. For example, tearing paper in half will leave paper as paper. But if you set it on fire, then ash will remain from it.

When the size, shape, state change, but the substance remains the same and does not transform into another, such phenomena are called physical. They can be different.

Natural phenomena, examples of which we can observe in everyday life, are:

• Mechanical... The movement of clouds across the sky, the flight of an airplane, the fall of an apple.
• Thermal... Caused by temperature changes. In the course of this, the characteristics of the body change. If ice is heated, it becomes water, which transforms into steam.
• Electrical... Surely, when you quickly take off your woolen clothes, you at least once heard a specific crack, similar to an electric discharge. And if you do all this in a dark room, you will still be able to observe sparks. Objects that, after friction, begin to attract lighter bodies are called electrified. Northern lights, lightning during a thunderstorm are prime examples
• Light... Bodies emitting light are called. This includes the Sun, lamps and even representatives of the animal world: some species of deep-sea fish and fireflies.

The physical phenomena of nature, the examples of which we considered above, are successfully used by people in everyday life. But there are those who to this day excite the minds of scientists and cause universal admiration.

Northern Lights

Perhaps this rightfully bears the status of the most romantic. High in the sky, multi-colored rivers are formed, which cover an endless number of bright stars.

If you want to enjoy this beauty, it is best to do it in the northern part of Finland (Lapland). There was a belief that the reason for the occurrence was the anger of the supreme gods. But the most popular was the legend of the Sami people about the fabulous fox, who struck with his tail across the snow-covered plains, because of which colored sparks soared into the heights and illuminated the night sky.

Pipe-shaped clouds

Such a natural phenomenon can drag any person into a state of relaxation, inspiration, illusions for a long time. Such sensations are created by the shape of large pipes that change their shade.

You can see it in those places where a thunderstorm front begins to form. This natural phenomenon is most often observed in countries with tropical climates.

Stones that move in Death Valley

There are various natural phenomena, examples of which are quite explainable from a scientific point of view. But there are those who defy human logic. One of the mysteries of nature is considered.This phenomenon can be observed in the American National Park, called Death Valley. Many scientists try to explain the movement by strong winds, which are often found in desert areas, and the presence of ice, since it was in winter that the movement of stones became more intense.

During the research, scientists made observations of 30 stones, the weight of which was no more than 25 kg. In seven years, 28 out of 30 boulders have moved 200 meters from the starting point.

Whatever the guesses of scientists, they have no definite answer regarding this phenomenon.

Ball lightning

Appearing after a thunderstorm or during it is called ball lightning. There is an assumption that Nikola Tesla managed to create ball lightning in his laboratory. He wrote that he had not seen anything like this in nature (it was about fireballs), but he figured out how they are formed, and even managed to recreate this phenomenon.

Modern scientists have not been able to achieve similar results. And some even question the existence of this phenomenon as such.

We have considered only some natural phenomena, examples of which show how amazing and mysterious our world around us is. How much more unknown and interesting things we have to learn in the process of development and improvement of science. How many discoveries lie ahead?

Everything that surrounds us: both living and inanimate nature, is in constant motion and constantly changes: planets and stars move, it rains, trees grow. And a person, as is known from biology, constantly goes through any stages of development. Grinding grains into flour, falling stones, boiling water, lightning, glow of a light bulb, dissolving sugar in tea, movement of vehicles, lightning, rainbows are examples of physical phenomena.

And with substances (iron, water, air, salt, etc.) various changes or phenomena occur. The substance can be crystallized, melted, crushed, dissolved and re-isolated from solution. However, its composition will remain the same.

So, granulated sugar can be crushed into a powder so fine that from the slightest breath it will rise into the air like dust. Sugar specks can only be seen under a microscope. Sugar can be divided into even smaller parts by dissolving it in water. If you evaporate water from the sugar solution, the sugar molecules will again combine with each other into crystals. But even when dissolved in water, and when grinding, sugar remains sugar.

In nature, water forms rivers and seas, clouds and glaciers. When evaporated, water turns into steam. Water vapor is water in a gaseous state. When exposed to low temperatures (below 0˚С), water turns into a solid state - it turns into ice. The smallest particle of water is a water molecule. The water molecule is also the smallest particle of steam or ice. Water, ice and steam are not different substances, but one and the same substance (water) in different states of aggregation.

Like water, other substances can be transferred from one state of aggregation to another.

When characterizing this or that substance as a gas, liquid or solid, they mean the state of the substance under ordinary conditions. Any metal can be not only melted (converted into a liquid state), but also converted into gas. But this requires very high temperatures. In the outer shell of the Sun, metals are in a gaseous state, because the temperature there is 6000˚С. And, for example, carbon dioxide by cooling can be turned into "dry ice".

Phenomena in which there is no transformation of some substances into others are referred to as physical phenomena. Physical phenomena can lead to a change, for example, the state of aggregation or temperature, but the composition of the substances will remain the same.

All physical phenomena can be divided into several groups.

Mechanical phenomena are phenomena that occur with physical bodies when they move relative to each other (the revolution of the Earth around the Sun, the movement of cars, the flight of a parachutist).

Electrical phenomena are phenomena that occur when electric charges appear, exist, move and interact (electric current, telegraphy, lightning during a thunderstorm).

Magnetic phenomena are phenomena associated with the appearance of magnetic properties in physical bodies (the attraction of iron objects by a magnet, the rotation of the compass needle to the north).

Optical phenomena are phenomena that occur during the propagation, refraction and reflection of light (rainbow, mirages, reflection of light from a mirror, appearance of a shadow).

Thermal phenomena are phenomena that occur when physical bodies are heated and cooled (melting snow, boiling water, fog, freezing water).

Atomic phenomena are phenomena that arise when the internal structure of the substance of physical bodies changes (glow of the Sun and stars, atomic explosion).

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A phenomenon is called any manifestation of something, as well as any change in the world around us. The meaning of this word is determined by the context, namely the adjective next to the term "phenomenon". It is difficult to understand what a phenomenon is without examples, so we will give them.

• A physical phenomenon can be considered a change in the state of aggregation of a substance.
• In this area, there are such unusual natural phenomena as petrified waves.
• He was frightened by something that could be called paranormal.

Let's take a closer look at the term "Phenomenon" depending on the context.

What is a physical phenomenon

First of all, notice that a physical phenomenon is a process, not a result of anything. This is a process of ongoing changes in the state or position of physical systems. Remember that a physical phenomenon is such a phenomenon in which the transformation of one substance into another will not occur. Its composition will remain the same, but the state or position will change.

Physical phenomena are classified as follows:

• Electrical phenomena. They involve electric charges. For example, lightning, electric current.
• Mechanical phenomena. The movement will be relative to each other. For example, the movement of cars on the road.
• Thermal phenomena. They are associated with a change in the temperature of bodies. For example, melting snow.
• Optical phenomena. They are associated with the metamorphosis of rays of light. For example, a rainbow.
• Magnetic phenomena. They arise when magnetic properties appear in an object. For example, a compass with an arrow pointing North.
• Atomic phenomena. Occur during metamorphoses in the internal structure of a substance. For example, the glow of the stars.

What are natural phenomena

Climatic and meteorological manifestations of nature that occur naturally are considered natural phenomena. Rain, snow, storm, earthquake are all examples of natural phenomena.

It is important to understand what a natural phenomenon is and how it is interconnected with physical phenomena. So, in one natural phenomenon, you can count several physical phenomena. That is, the concept of "natural phenomenon" is broader. For example, such a natural phenomenon as a thunderstorm includes the following physical phenomena: movement of clouds and rain (mechanical phenomena), lightning (electrical phenomenon), wood burning from a lightning strike (thermal phenomenon).

What is paranormal activity

When they talk about a paranormal phenomenon, they mean any changes in the surrounding reality that are not the norm, a common phenomenon. They have no scientific explanation, no proof. Their existence goes beyond understanding the usual picture of the world. Examples of paranormal phenomena are: crying icons, the biofield of living beings.