Superphosphate is simple granular. Simple superphosphate fertilizer - composition and formula
To begin with, I honestly say: I am a supporter of chemical-free farming. I’m just a chemist by training, and often I understand the world directly in the form of formulas. Sometimes it interferes with life. Sometimes, and much more often, it helps to live.
Parents at one time brought so many cars to a plot of 5 acres in the SNT, located in the forest, which can be said: I have good land. Later, several packages were found different. Including double superphosphate, which I used when planting seedlings and, and the last remnants this autumn scattered under them.
In the end, my choice fell on Permagropromchemistry, especially since Perm fertilizers in the stores of our city are the majority.
I just took it to the indicated email address and wrote to the factory that I was looking for double superphosphate for the garden. We leave outside the scope of the article comments on the first answer of the plant, in which they asked me: “And who told you that nitrogen should not be introduced in autumn?”
Then I wrote the above receipt formulas with the question of where the nitrogen came from. And if it is added additionally, then why is the inscription “mixture” missing on the pack? I give the answer verbatim, with all the exclamation marks:
It turns out that this does not happen ...
Unfortunately, you will not find a real "super" now! All factories ceased to produce that real, "super"! That's how the Ministry of Agriculture works for us, it cuts everything in the bud! And you have to look for other ways, at least close to natural! .. But if you carefully consider the packaging, you will have to notice just above the bar code on the back that it is a mixed fertilizer (fertilizer mixture) and, accordingly, its ingredients.
As a note: in many professions there is professional slang. In this case, the term “double superphosphate” has been replaced by the term “super” for brevity. And there’s nothing superfluous in this case ...
We'll see:
Read the transcript of the term fertilizer mixturein the "Big Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas": "Fertilizer fertilizer mixture (for fruit and vegetable, garden and flower crops) is a grayish-white powder. Received by mixing ammonium sulfate, ammophos and sulfate and potassium chloride. Intended for retail
Efremova’s modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language says the following: “A fertilizer mixture is a mechanical mixture of mineral fertilizers with fertilizer” And also from the same source: “Fat is humus, manure, mineral fertilizers” That is, in any case, the term "Fat" means there will be nitrogen in the mixture!
There is GOST 16306-80 "Superphosphate double granular. Technical conditions ”, and this has not been canceled by GOST; it has a“ valid ”signature stamp. I’ll tell you a secret: nitrogen also does not provide for GOST. But if you look at your packs with, you will see links to different specifications (technical conditions). Arrived, called.
This is how we ate something containing palm oil according to TU, instead of cheese or cottage cheese according to GOST. But food producers after 20 years of deception were forced to write a “cheese” or “cottage cheese” product and not mislead the consumer. Will the day come when manufacturers will be forced to write a “fertilizer mixture” on the front side, and not below in small letters near the barcode?
All I have to do is ask you to carefully read the composition of the fertilizer that you are buying, and not to believe the huge inscription “DOUBLE SUPERPHOSPHATE”, assuming that it is clean. And for looking for the smallest of evils, that is, in which the minimum amount of nitrogen.
After my research, I concluded that I do not like the current tendency to produce fertilizers with the names “for roses”, “for potatoes”, “for tomatoes” and the like, because there is absolutely no information about what this mixture is made of. And I want to know which substances were mixed in a particular case.
The search is over.
Afterword
Oh yes, there is still something to wait for. I wrote a question about the plants that produce “real double superphosphate” to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. But the Ministry of Agriculture is not a sales manager of the plant, the Ministry of Agriculture has the right to respond within 30 days. I will wait, and if I get an answer, I will definitely publish it in the commentary on the article.And I ask you again: carefully study the composition of everything you buy. This is very important in any case: at least you need fertilizer for autumn dressing of the garden, at least a cleaning product for the kitchen.
The article is placed in the sections:,
All phosphate fertilizers are amorphous substances, whitish-gray or yellowish in color. The main ones are superphosphates. Phosphorite flour is a finely ground natural phosphorite whose compounds are difficult to access for plants. This fertilizer is used on acid podzolic, peat, gray forest soils, as well as on degraded and leached chernozems and red soils.
Phosphorus fertilizers are the only source of replenishment of phosphorus in the soil. Phosphorous fertilizers increase the yield and improve its quality, accelerate the maturation of plants, increase their resistance to lodging and drought.
The industrial production of phosphate fertilizers is based on the processing of minerals - apatite and phosphorite. The content of P 2 O 5 in phosphorus ore varies from 5 to 35%, so they are subject to enrichment. During the processing of phosphorus raw materials, phosphorus is converted into a plant-digestible form.
Phosphorus fertilizers differ among themselves not only in percentage composition, but also in degree of solubility. According to the degree of solubility, phosphorus is divided into 3 groups:
. Containing phosphorus in a water-soluble form, readily available to plants - superphosphates simple and double, ammoniated, enriched;
. Containing phosphorus insoluble in water, but soluble in weak acids; cannot be directly used by plants - phosphorite and bone meal;
. Containing phosphorus in the form of compounds insoluble in water and weak acids,
which under the influence of soil acidity and root secretions of plants gradually turns into a form assimilated by plants.
Currently, the production of pure phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate, double superphosphate, etc.) in Russia and in the world is insignificant. Phosphorus itself, as a nutrient, is included mainly in complex mineral fertilizers, in the production of which nitrogen and potassium are also used. In Russia, the main types of phosphorus fertilizers produced are ammophos, diammophos and azofoska (NPK). Complex phosphorus-containing fertilizers will be discussed in a separate section of this chapter, but now we will consider in detail simple phosphorus fertilizers.
Properties of simple mineral phosphate fertilizers
| Fertilizers | Chemical formula | Content P 2 O 5 |
| Super granular superphosphate | Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2 ∙ H 2 O + 2Ca SO 4 | 14-19.5 |
| Superphosphate Double Granular | Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2 ∙ H 2 O | 45 |
| Phosphorite flour | CaF (PO 4) 3 + CaOH (PO 4) 3 + Ca CO 3 | 19-30 |
Superphosphate simple - Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2. Contains 16-20% P 2 O 5. This basic phosphoric fertilizer is obtained by treating finely ground apatite or phosphorite with sulfuric acid. Almost all phosphoric acid in superphosphate dissolves in water and is well absorbed by plants. The fertilizer contains about 6% nitrogen, 10% sulfur, 17% calcium, 0.5% magnesium. Powdered and granular superphosphate is available. Granular superphosphate has several advantages over powder: it usually contains more phosphorus (up to 26%), does not form lumps and does not clump, it can be applied to the soil with the help of grain fertilizer seeders.
During the granulation process, free phosphoric acid is neutralized and superphosphate is dried, so the amount of free phosphoric acid in it decreases to 1-2.5%, and moisture - to 1-4%. The phosphorus of granular superphosphate is less fixed by the soil-absorbing complex, which is especially important on acidic soils containing increased amounts of iron and aluminum, since phosphorus forms insoluble compounds with these elements.
Superphosphate double - Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2. It differs from simple superphosphate in increased phosphorus concentration - up to 45% and higher. This is the most common phosphate fertilizer, both in the CIS countries and abroad.
Precipitate - CaNRO 4 × H 2 O - contains up to 35% P 2 O 5. White or light gray, non-caking powder, disperses well when applied to the soil. The phosphorus precipitate is soluble in ammonium citric acid and is fairly well accessible to plants. In its effect on the crop of plants, it is close to superphosphate, but is suitable only for the main application for plowing. On acidic soils and sierozems, precipitate is even more effective than superphosphate. On chernozems, these two fertilizers are equivalent, or the effect of superphosphate is slightly higher than the precipitate.
Phosphorite flour - mineral phosphorus fertilizer obtained by thin grinding of phosphorites - sedimentary rocks formed mainly by the minerals of the apatite group. Contains 19-30% P 2 O 5 in the form of Ca 3 (PO 4) 2. Since calcium phosphate is poorly soluble in water, phosphorite flour can be absorbed by plants only on acidic soils - podzolic and peaty - in which Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 gradually passes into Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2 .H 2 O hydrophosphate available to plants. The assimilation of phosphate rock is facilitated by the fineness of grinding, as well as its introduction into the soil together with acidic fertilizers, for example with (NH 4) 2SO 4 or manure. It is also used for the preparation of manure and peat composts. The main advantage of phosphate rock as a fertilizer is its cheapness; ecological safety and a long after-effect can also be noted.
Below are the technical specifications of basic simple phosphate fertilizers.
Physico-chemical characteristics of simple granular superphosphate
The name of indicators | Norm for the brand | ||
| BUT | B | AT | |
| Appearance | |||
| not less than 21 | 26+/-1 | not less than 22 | |
| no more than 1,5 | no more than 1, 5 | no more than 1,5 | |
| not less than 5 | |||
| Mass fraction of N,% | not less than 3 | 6+/-1 | not less than 3 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| S),% | 7-10 | 8-10 | 8-10 |
| 11-14 | 12-17 | 12-17 | |
| less than 1 mm,% no more | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| from 1 to 4 mm,% not less | 85 | 85 | 80 |
| less than 6 mm,% | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 3(30) | 3(30) | 3(30) | |
| Friability,% | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| lead (Pb) | 0,002 | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| cadmium (Cd) | 0,0001 | 0,0001 | 0,0001 |
| mercury (Hg) | 0,00002 | 0,00002 | 0,00002 |
| arsenic (As) | 0,0004 | 0,0004 | 0,0004 |
| nickel (Ni) | 0,002 | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| strontium (Sr) | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
| chromium (Cr total) | 0,003 | 0,003 | 0,003 |
Physico-chemical characteristics of double granular superphosphate
The name of indicators | Norm for the brand | ||
| BUT | B | AT | |
| Appearance | Granular product without extraneous solids | ||
| Mass fraction of assimilable phosphates in terms of P2O5,% | not less than 21 | 26+/-1 | not less than 22 |
| Mass fraction of free acid in terms of Н3РО4,% | no more than 1,5 | no more than 1, 5 | no more than 1,5 |
| Mass fraction of potassium in terms of K2O,% | not less than 5 | ||
| Mass fraction of N,% | not less than 3 | 6+/-1 | not less than 3 |
| Mass fraction of water,%, no more | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Mass fraction of sulfates in terms of sulfur (S),% | 7-10 | 8-10 | 8-10 |
| Mass fraction of calcium in terms of CaO,% | 11-14 | 12-17 | 12-17 |
| Granulometric composition, mass fraction of granules with size: | |||
| less than 1 mm,% no more | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| from 1 to 4 mm,% not less | 85 | 85 | 80 |
| less than 6 mm,% | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Pellet static strength, MPa (kgf / cm2), not less than | 3(30) | 3(30) | 3(30) |
| Friability,% | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Mass fraction of heavy metals and toxic compounds,%, no more | |||
| lead (Pb) | 0,002 | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| cadmium (Cd) | 0,0001 | 0,0001 | 0,0001 |
| mercury (Hg) | 0,00002 | 0,00002 | 0,00002 |
| arsenic (As) | 0,0004 | 0,0004 | 0,0004 |
| nickel (Ni) | 0,002 | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| strontium (Sr) | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
| chromium (Cr total) | 0,003 | 0,003 | 0,003 |
Simple superphosphate is a phosphorus high-speed mineral fertilizer.
Release form
Granular product or free-flowing powder, light gray (shades from white to dark gray are possible). It is completely dissolved in water.
Structure
Simple superphosphate in its composition has phosphorus, which is present in the form of free phosphoric acid and calcium phosphate. Small amounts contain gypsum, as well as other impurities (aluminum and iron phosphates, fluorine compounds, silica).
Simple superphosphate (chemical formula (CaH2PO4) 2 x Н2О + 2СаSО4 x 2Н2О) is obtained from phosphate materials as a result of the use of H 2 SO 4. .
Application
An effective tool for a variety of crops, can be used on any type of soil as an independent top dressing, or in combination with other mineral fertilizers.
Efficiency when applying this top dressing is increased by reducing the chemical consumption of phosphoric acid by the soil, for this use granular forms of fertilizer, row or local application.
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