How to make wall formwork without hired specialists. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of fixed formwork Block structure of fixed formwork

The abundance of building technologies allows each developer to choose the best way to build a structure that suits him in all respects. In recent years, permanent formwork has been added to the traditionally demanded brick, block, and frame housing construction - a technology that causes a lot of controversy and has both supporters and opponents. Among users of the FORUMHOUSE portal, this topic is also relevant, it makes sense to consider it in more detail.

• Permanent formwork assembly technology
• Finishing houses from permanent formwork

Design features of the "warm form"

The technology of permanent formwork allows you to simultaneously build and insulate the structure, and is used to erect both the foundation and the box. This is a versatile method used in private and multi-storey construction. It is based on the principle of monolithic reinforced concrete structures: the reinforcement cage is poured with concrete, but the formwork is not dismantled after the mortar has set, but remains an element of the “pie”. In fact, formwork is a form that allows the reinforced concrete "filling" to take a given geometric shape. But in the case of a non-removable type, this is a heater, the use of which significantly reduces the heat loss of the building. The use of non-removable began, continued with rectangular walls, today they also produce radial blocks: if you want - fill the bay window, if you want - a fantasy pool.

Monolithic or non-removable formwork are hollow blocks or slabs with lintels, additional adhesion of the rows is provided by the groove-tongue system.

The necessary additional elements are also produced - corner blocks, crown, plugs and the like. Initially, three types of raw materials were used for the production of permanent formwork.

• Polystyrene - on its basis, foam plastic (PSB) and expanded polystyrene (PPS) blocks and plates are made.

• Polystyrene concrete - formwork from a mineral binder (cement) and granular (polystyrene) filler.

• Chip cement - in blocks and slabs - up to 90% organic filler and cement as a binder. Usually organic matter is represented by wood chips of a coarse fraction, but some manufacturers can add other plant materials (reeds, reeds, straw) to the mixture. Both in the blocks and in the slabs for the outer walls inside there is a layer of insulation - expanded polystyrene (half of the internal volume), the blocks for the inner partitions are empty.

Varieties of permanent formwork

The most environmentally friendly formwork is made of wood chips, as it consists of natural raw materials and a mineral binder and has good vapor permeability, but it is much more expensive than pure polystyrene. The bulk of houses erected using the technology of permanent formwork are built from expanded polystyrene blocks - they are more affordable than chip-cement, and stronger than foam. The strength and durability of the formwork will depend on the density of the blocks. Unscrupulous manufacturers give loose blocks as dense ones, and put down the necessary numbers in the certificate of conformity.

In order not to be deceived, the user of our portal a991ru, a professional construction worker, advises paying attention to the weight - according to him, 1 m2 of high-quality, dense formwork should weigh at least 15 - 16 kg.

The main advantages of the insulated monolith include not only the speed of the construction process and affordability in financial terms, but also the possibility of independent construction even without the appropriate qualifications. Also, ideally flat (with proper installation) surfaces that do not require a thick plaster layer were recorded as advantages. Outside, there is enough decorative plaster or a hinged screen, and from the inside they are most often done with plasterboard.

Opponents of the technology call the main disadvantage of the harmfulness of PPP and low vapor permeability - walls can release aggressive chemicals into the air, and the house becomes a thermos.

кubarik Member of FORUMHOUSE

We built a house for a friend using the technology of fixed formwork - yes, the house turns out to be warm, but absolutely not breathing - in winter the windows fog up, the humidity in the house is crazy. I contacted the customer, who was also built using this technology - the same trouble.

The hypothetical aggressiveness of the material is on the conscience of the block manufacturers - high-quality raw materials and adherence to the formwork manufacturing technology minimizes the possibility of volatile compounds release. If in doubt, the material you like can be taken to the local SES laboratory for testing. And in order to protect yourself from poisoning, you should carefully choose a supplier and not be led at too low prices, as an option - use chip-cement or combined formwork. A properly organized ventilation system will help to avoid the effect of a thermos, which solves the problem of high humidity, and in case of violations, mold can appear on brick and block walls. Although some FORUMHOUSE participants did not notice any problems with humidity in the room, even without additional ventilation.

кamzhenya Member of FORUMHOUSE

Regarding ventilation - in our region, the climate, you know, is humid, even very - no extra. there is no ventilation in these houses. Well, there is no such problem there, it is in practice.

Considering that the region of residence of the portal participant is the Far East, fixed formwork is especially relevant due to its high seismic resistance: a monolithic structure is less susceptible to deformation.

Permanent formwork assembly technology

The optimal foundation for permanent formwork is the strip. If concrete blocks are used, it is advisable to pour a monolithic belt 30 cm thick on top.In the process of pouring the foundation, vertical reinforcing pins (from 10 mm in diameter) are mounted into it, which will further help to unite the base and the box into a single spatial structure. As in any construction process, waterproofing is performed between the foundation and the first row. Roll membranes or film are pricked onto the pins. The deposited bitumen mastics are not recommended for use under polystyrene foam blocks, preferably polyethylene or roofing felt with asphalt sprinkling. Under certain circumstances, waterproofing is dispensed with.

Kamfish FORUMHOUSE Member

I made tape, released fittings, did not install waterproofing. But then the walls of the basement floor were sheathed with CBPB and waterproofed with overlaid material. The base is approximately 1.8 meters.

When assembling the first row, strict adherence to the level is imperative. The misalignment is leveled with glue or cement mortar. Blocks begin to lay out from the corners, stringing them onto the reinforcement. After assembling the first row, overlapping horizontal reinforcement is installed in the grooves and tied with wire twists to the vertical one, some use plastic ties. The second row is assembled in the same way. Masonry imitates brick - displacement of adjacent rows in order to increase the strength of the monolith. The groove system additionally fixes and seals the seams and joints, divergence of the grooves is not allowed, otherwise cold bridges will be obtained.

Depending on the type of blocks or slabs and the manufacturer's recommendations, the segments can be additionally fastened to each other with wire or staples. Dmitriy Kov, who was building a house for himself using the technology of fixed formwork from expanded polystyrene blocks, created the following reinforcement cage.

Dmitriy Kov FORUMHOUSE Member

I put the vertical reinforcement after about sixty centimeters, the horizontal one after two rows. Naturally, he reinforced all window and door openings: on the sides - two reinforcement bars, on top - four pieces, in all corners and intersections - also four pieces. Where the opening for the garage is on top of six pieces, the fittings were tied as expected, with an approximate overlap. All fittings in the walls with a diameter of 10 mm, in the grillage - six pieces, 12 mm each. The house stands on 43 pillars made by the TISE drill with a 0.5 m extension at the bottom.

According to the project, when laying out the first rows, bends are formed for internal partitions and door groups, engineering communications are laid: grooves are cut in the blocks, pipes necessary at this stage are laid. As the blocks are installed, a reinforcing cage is formed from vertical and longitudinal rods connected to each other. The strength of the monolith and its resistance to deformations will largely depend on the diameter of the reinforcement, most often the frame is knitted from rods with a diameter of 10–12 mm.

For the monolith, a standard cement-sand mortar is used with the addition of fine gravel, mixed mechanically or manually.

Considering that from two to four rows are poured at a time (depending on the brand and type of formwork), the use of pumping equipment is justified on construction sites with a large square, when several cubes of mortar are placed in these several rows. In case of violation of the technology and the simultaneous filling of a larger number of rows, it is possible both the bulging of the blocks - "belly", and the formation of voids and dips. To tamp the solution, both vibrators and the "poke method" are used - with the help of a long armature or a wooden handle.

Since when pouring with mortar, partial filling of the grooves is possible, which will prevent the installation of the next row, one of the portal participants, Lord kyron, made metal U-shaped frames, equal in width to the walls of the blocks, and covered the surface while filling the wall section. For the assembly of the rows, mixing the mortar, installing the reinforcing cage and pouring the monolith, he attracted the most popular among private traders "Tajik-stroy" as a labor force. And in order to minimize the possibility of marriage, he carefully controlled the laying of the first row and the further process. If you notice a protruding segment in time, until the solution has set, it is enough to simply align it.

Considering that the mortar is poured into the formwork layer by layer, in order to avoid the formation of cold bridges, the extreme row is filled not to the top, but to the middle - the seam is completely closed in the block.

Plus, each next layer is poured not after complete setting, but after a short period, during the final maturation of the concrete, a full-fledged, insulated monolith is formed.

The formwork itself is not load-bearing, therefore, all floor slabs and joists are laid directly on the concrete filling, for which the corresponding grooves are cut out in the expanded polystyrene layer. To increase the heat capacity of a building, which will "limp" due to insulation, internal partitions are sometimes made of other wall materials - bricks, blocks, plasterboard structures. One of the possible options is to pour the monolith into the formwork, and after the structure has solidified, to remove the polystyrene walls.

Finishing houses from permanent formwork

Facing of fixed formwork is needed to increase the decorative effect and protect the material from external influences, this also applies to most block varieties and frame frames. Considering that there is no need to level the walls, a thick plaster layer is dispensed with. A reinforcing layer of fiberglass or stainless mesh with an adhesive solution and the subsequent application of a decorative plaster or putty is sufficient.

The wall strength is also sufficient for heavier materials - tiles or stone; siding is no less popular. Siding is mounted on a subsystem, which is attached either directly to concrete, or, when the lintels in the blocks are plastic, into lintels. Today on sale you can find a variety of decorative formwork - it already has a facing layer that imitates a stone facade. But due to the rather high cost, this option is not in high demand. Portal member AlexIll22 turned a typical building into an exclusive with interesting finishes.

Formwork is a system of building elements used for the accelerated construction of structural elements such as walls, columns, floors, elevator shafts. There are two types of formwork: removable formwork and fixed formwork. In this article, we will consider the second type of formwork - fixed.

Formwork is called non-removable if, after the concrete has hardened, the formwork system is not disassembled. Most often, blocks for permanent formwork are made of expanded polystyrene or other thermal insulation material.

Permanent formwork technology

The technology for installing permanent formwork is quite simple: after creating a detailed plan of the desired structure, the formwork system is installed and poured with concrete. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is not dismantled.

The formwork blocks are mounted according to the brickwork principle and are fixed to each other using locking elements (or using grooves). Opposite slabs of the formwork block are fastened to each other with ties (if necessary). Concreting is carried out in layers: no more than 3-4 rows of formwork blocks, it is imperative to use vertical reinforcement to increase the strength of the structure.

Advantages of permanent formwork

1.Increase the reliability of the structure

When using fixed formwork, the walls will be a single monolithic system.

2.Heat and sound insulation

Upon completion of construction, the formwork will play the role of additional insulation. In addition, for example, polystyrene foam blocks have excellent sound insulation properties.

3. Conservation of usable space

The wall, made according to the principle of concreting a frame made of permanent formwork, is three times thinner than a standard brick wall, which allows you to save "extra" meters of usable area both inside the erected structure and outside.

4. Cost-effective during construction

In addition to the fact that the construction of formwork structures does not require the participation of bulky special equipment, this method is notable for its low cost compared, for example, with brickwork or other types of construction. Due to the relative ease of installation of the formwork, labor costs are significantly reduced. Construction of an object with fixed formwork is carried out 5 times faster than with removable formwork.

5. Economical operation of the facility

The high thermal insulation properties of the formwork will reduce heating costs by more than 3 times (compared to a similar brick house).

6.Easy finish

In the course of construction, perfectly flat and smooth walls are obtained, during the final finishing of which time and money are significantly saved, and when using the facade permanent formwork, the facing of the outer wall of the building occurs automatically.

7.Longevity

Laboratory tests have shown that even in the most aggressive natural conditions, a house made of concrete and polystyrene blocks will last at least 100 years.

Do-it-yourself fixed formwork

Do-it-yourself installation of permanent wall formwork will not cause significant problems even for a person without special construction education. Consider the mechanism for erecting a wall from polypropylene blocks.

To install the formwork, the foundation of the future structure must be properly prepared: in accordance with the plan, vertical reinforcement must be placed and a coating of waterproofing material must be made.

The installation of the first level of the blocks must be carried out with particular care and accuracy: the blocks are strung on vertical reinforcement and fastened together in accordance with the technical documentation (grooves or other locking devices). The screed inside the expanded polystyrene blocks is most often not required, as provided by the manufacturer.

When laying the first level of blocks, doorways and internal partitions are formed in accordance with the plan. The second level of blocks is laid according to the brickwork method, the blocks must be shifted to the side relative to the lower ones. The verticality of the sides of the formwork is best checked with a level. The third and subsequent levels of blocks are laid out similarly to the first, so that the side seams are in the same vertical plane.

At the stage of installing the blocks, the laying of engineering communications should be performed.

Now you can start concreting. If there is no special tool (deep vibrator), then pouring is done manually with the obligatory compaction of the layers using improvised means (you can use a wooden or rubber hammer).

Thus, step by step, the wall is erected to the required height, but to give it special strength, the upper layer of the blocks is poured with concrete only halfway, thus the upper face of the monolith is inside the formwork.

Column formwork is carried out in the same way, floor formwork should be entrusted to professionals.

Permanent formwork cost

Price for 1 sq. a meter of permanent formwork with polystyrene blocks, depending on the region, can reach up to 1000 rubles, but on average it is 500-800 rubles. You can calculate the total cost of purchasing formwork using a special block consumption calculator online or when ordering from a supplier.

Video - permanent formwork

Modern construction develops with an emphasis on quality in the shortest possible time and at low material costs.

This approach makes it possible to build houses in an extremely short time, as well as to make housing affordable for the majority of the population.

This directly affects the turnover of capital, and also makes it possible to interest the buyer, because we live in an era when we want to get a high-quality result in the shortest possible time, and not wait for finished housing for years. Now there is a tendency to use it only as a facing material.

Formwork for the construction of walls and casting from, make it possible to build a reliable frame of a house on one floor, within a week. For comparison, a brick structure will need to spend twice as much time and money.

When performing formwork erection in a building where there are already ceilings on the ceiling, experts advise to build racks with fastening of the upper formwork elements in the ceiling. Often this method is used in the construction of high-rise buildings, but with slight modifications it is also suitable for low-rise construction.

For independent use, wood panels with 200 x 50 cm will fit. The principle of their installation is the same as in metal ones. The main task is to place exactly horizontally. Work with wooden formwork for walls is faster in time, but the process of building walls itself delays for a longer period when compared with metal ones.

Installation of brick wall formwork

Brickwork is also used as a permanent formwork for walls. The building, into which concrete is poured, is constructed of silicate and facing bricks. At first glance, it may seem that this technology is very costly, both in terms of money and labor. But, nevertheless, it has its advantages and is used quite often in practice. This method ensures that a reliable frame and warm walls are obtained at the same time.

In order for the concrete solution under pressure not to spread the brick form, it is necessary to lay a kind of partitions through 3 rows vertically and 4 - 5 bricks horizontally. A certain gap of the structure, which is adjacent to the brick for facing, is laid with an insulating material, more often all use expanded polystyrene foam. The unoccupied space is poured with a mixture of grade 200 concrete.

Foamed polystyrene foam makes it possible to compensate for the pressure of the concrete mass, and after the structure shrinks, the material expands and fills the remaining gaps. The cast frame made of concrete perfectly holds the brickwork, creating all the conditions for excellent. Very often, in order to reduce the cost of facing bricks, which are not very cheap, the outer walls are lined with halves, which are cut lengthwise.

Formwork of this type, in addition to the direct purpose of shaping the house, can also perform special functions: insulation, waterproofing, decorative finishing, external reinforcement and others.

Classification signs

Formwork is classified by type depending on:

• types of concreted monolithic structures;
• formwork structures (structures);
• the type of the main material of the predominant elements;
• outside air temperature and the effect of formwork on concrete;
• turnover (the number of its repeated uses).

Typologically fixed formwork refers to the last feature, by which they differ:

• one-time (including non-removable formwork);
• inventory (reusable).

Formwork serves as an important element in the process of erecting load-bearing and enclosing structures for various purposes. The development of technical conditions for creating a specific type of formwork is carried out on the basis of state standards:

• GOST R 52086-2003 "Formwork. Terms and definitions"
• GOST R 52085-2003 "Formwork. General specifications"
• GOST R 52752-2007 "Formwork. Test methods".
• GOST 9.014-78 "Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Temporary anticorrosive protection of products. General requirements"
• GOST 15150-69 "Machines, devices and other technical products"

Constituent elements of permanent formwork

The main materials for the manufacture of deck plates can be expanded polystyrene, wood concrete (arbolite), steel profiled flooring, glass and ceramic blocks, etc. As a permanent formwork for walls of a simple configuration, profile plates (flat, ribbed, trough-shaped) made of concrete and reinforced concrete can be used , glass cement, reinforced cement, fiber cement.

The most widespread is the fixed formwork, assembled from expanded polystyrene plates, connecting elements (lintels, profiles) and fittings. Plates are figuratively "cut out" from a polystyrene cube on a machine (with computer or manual control) with a heated metal string: decks for wall (ordinary, rotary, jumper) or foundation blocks, corners, end caps, etc.

Unlike profile plates, when installing blocks and panels made of expanded polystyrene, a crane and welding of the reinforcement cage are not required. They are easily assembled by hand according to the principle of a constructor, without the use of glue or sealing compounds (groove-comb) or on a thin layer of mortar or glue (1-3 mm).

However, the nuances of the assembly depend on the design of the expanded polystyrene formwork, the choice of which is determined by the concreting technology. There are two fundamentally different systems for constructing a 3-layer wall:

System "expanded polystyrene-concrete-expanded polystyrene" - the location of the insulation outside

Option 1. From modules, or hollow blocks, which are two plates connected by steel or plastic jumpers, form a wall in stages. If necessary, reinforcement and an additional layer of insulation are inserted into the chamber between the expanded polystyrene "walls", then the usual concrete mixture is poured. If the module initially did not have a facing layer, after the concrete has hardened, they begin to finish the external and internal surfaces of the erected structure. The most common blocks with parameters 1000 (1500) × 250 × 250 mm.

Option 2. The module consists of a reinforcement cage (height can reach 4.2 m, thickness - from 120 to 300 mm), on which, on both sides, polymer plugs are attached to high-density polystyrene foam plates commensurate with the frame (thickness 50, 100, 150 or 200 mm). A wall obtained from blocks with concrete pouring inside is called a block-shell.

For the installation of ceilings, specially designed elongated panels with through longitudinal voids and reinforcing metal profiles built into expanded polystyrene are used. The thickness of these three-dimensional elements varies from 180 to 320 mm.

System "concrete-expanded polystyrene-concrete" - the location of the insulation inside

Reinforced panels used for this technology are sometimes called sandwich panels. They are also large-sized and represent a plate of expanded polystyrene (or other thermal insulator) with a thickness of 10-250 mm, collected from both sides with a steel mesh. In this form, the panels are installed in place of the future wall, and then the outer and inner sides are lined with special concrete by the method of gunning - they are sprayed under pressure in 2-3 layers.

Sandwich walls have significant advantages over block cladding. Here are just a few of them:

• In this case, expanded polystyrene does not need additional protective finishing;
• The method is low-budget due to a reduction in construction time and a decrease in the consumption of concrete mixture - by 20-30% for the manufacture of walls, by 45% for the foundation (as a result, 1 m² of the wall weighs 200-220 kg versus 350 kg for the block-shell);
• The thickness of the wall decreases: if for a block-shell this value is, for example, 295 mm, then for a sandwich system - only 202 mm;
• This frees up up to 7 "squares" of usable area for every 100 m²;
• Frost resistance increases from 300 to 600 cycles.

Characteristics of expanded polystyrene formwork

Advantages of monolithic construction

1. Monolithic buildings are lighter than brick ones by about 15-20%;
2. By lightening the weight of all structures, it is possible to reduce the material consumption and deepening of the foundation, which means that its device as a whole becomes cheaper;
3. Monolithic construction provides an almost seamless construction of the house, as a result of which the ability of heat and sound insulation is increased;
4. Compared to brick, monolithic load-bearing walls are 2.5 times thinner, so a 100 m² house has 15 m² more interior space;
5. Walls, ceilings, formwork and concrete foundations are as durable, strong and fire-resistant as brick;
6. Convenience and ease of installation work.

Advantages of permanent formwork blocks

Consider the unique qualities provided by polystyrene foam formwork

The use of fixed formwork as a method of erecting monolithic concrete objects increases the strength characteristics of the structures being erected, optimizes the concrete hardening regime. The numerous advantages of the expanded polystyrene form allow you to save time, resources and labor during the construction process (reduce the total cost), as well as maintenance costs during operation:

• Fixed formwork gives an overall weight reduction of another 20-30% compared to monolithic construction using removable formwork methods;
• The delivery time of the object is reduced by about 1.4 - 10 times compared to other types of construction: blocks and panels are easy to assemble and process, easy to carry by hand;
• Heating the room requires 3-5 times less heat energy;
• Low material cost, excellent noise and heat insulation;
• High strength combined with light weight; Expanded polystyrene "breathes" - slowly passes air, which guarantees resistance to fungus; does not absorb moisture;
• The use of expanded polystyrene formwork made it possible to seamlessly monolithic construction without heavy construction equipment;
• The cost of building 1 m² of a monolithic cottage with permanent formwork starts from 12,000 rubles, which is comparable to wooden houses of manual felling and from rounded logs, but a brick house will cost from 18,000, a house from glued beams - from 23,000 rubles;
• Construction can be carried out on any soil and under any climatic conditions, except for the use of formwork of the "concrete-polystyrene-concrete" type - the air temperature should not be lower than -5 ℃;
• Environmental friendliness - the same polystyrene is used in construction as in the production of food packaging;
• The ability of expanded polystyrene to self-extinguish means preventing the spread of fire; no toxic chemical compounds are released during combustion, which together gives a high fire safety of the building;
• Monolithic construction with fixed formwork is combined with bricks, blocks, wood and other traditional materials, which gives scope for the implementation of any non-standard projects.

Cons of permanent formwork

• Expanded polystyrene does not withstand high temperatures (the limiting temperature is 90 ℃), therefore the blocks must be plastered or sheathed with any non-combustible material;
• The presence of metal fittings requires a grounded loop device to protect the building from lightning;
• In buildings with sandwich technology, it is recommended to install forced supply and exhaust ventilation or at least double-glazed windows with micro-ventilation function.

Scope and transportation of polystyrene foam formwork

Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene is used in multi-storey construction of residential, industrial, office and industrial buildings, in the construction of cottages, fences. The use in the construction of swimming pools can significantly reduce heat loss from the water to the surrounding soil.

The methods of transportation and storage depend on the design of the fixed formwork and are subject to GOST 15150-69 as products of group 8 (ОЖ3). Blocks can be supplied disassembled, and then a set of elements for each block is packed separately, then they are folded into boxes or other containers that can ensure proper safety. Blocks or panels in a holistic version, as well as kits containing formwork elements larger than 1 m, are formed into transport packages on pallets, observing the principle of uniformity of products in one package.

Before packaging, the manufacturer must provide temporary (for at least 12 months) corrosion protection for all products with metal surfaces and inorganic coatings in accordance with GOST 9.014-78.

A house made of fixed formwork, also called a thermal house. And that's why. The walls of the house are initially assembled from hollow polystyrene foam blocks. Then these voids are reinforced for the longitudinal rigidity of the frame and filled with concrete. It turns out a single monolithic structure. With a thickness of such walls of a house made of fixed formwork of 25 centimeters (the standard block size is 1200x250x250 mm), its heat saving indicators are comparable to a brick wall 50-65 centimeters thick.

Technology advantages

After analyzing the reviews of the owners of houses from fixed formwork, we can highlight the following advantages:

• Accelerated construction time of the frame of the house, combined with low cost;
• The pressure on the foundation is reduced, which makes it possible to reduce its cost;
• No need to use powerful lifting mechanisms (they may be required for laying floor slabs);
• Pouring with concrete mixture can be carried out using a low pressure concrete pump or manually through a specially designed funnel;
• High rates of heat conservation of walls;
• The ability to build a house of any configuration, ease of assembly of the frame (blocks are easily sawn and fastened according to the Lego principle);
• Long service life of the structure erected using this technology;
• The strength of the walls with their smaller thickness is comparable to that of brick;
• Increase in the usable volume of the room;
• Insulation (as well as sound insulation) of the erected walls is not required, except for buildings located in cold climates. For areas with low temperatures, blocks of increased thickness (up to 50 cm) are produced;
• Reducing heating costs in the house;
• A wide range of types of expanded polystyrene formwork elements (corner elements, blocks with plugs for the construction of openings, etc.);
• Ease of finishing. Such walls do not need to be leveled before finishing work. Any finishing materials can be used for them (siding, non-combustible drywall, ceramic tiles, etc.);
• A house built using non-removable polystyrene foam formwork is not subject to decay, mold formation, and destruction by rodents;
• The possibility of laying communications (cables, pipes) inside the walls. For this, the blocks have special holes for this;
• The corners of the building have precise geometry;
• The possibility of using blocks of such a formwork for the device of a strip foundation. For waterproofing such a foundation, it is enough to arrange a drainage system.

Disadvantages of technology

The disadvantages of non-removable polystyrene foam formwork include:

• Danger of destruction of unprotected polystyrene foam walls when interacting with aggressive liquids (gasoline, solvents, acids, etc.). Therefore, such walls need mandatory finishing;
• Limiting the load on the walls of the building (for example, the pressure on the load-bearing wall should not exceed 70 kilograms);
• The release of harmful toxic substances when heating the foam. Therefore, protection is often used with the help of special fire protection layers.

Important! Some owners of such buildings prefer to dismantle the inner layer of expanded polystyrene. You can tear off the foam inside. It should be noted that in this case the heat capacity of the walls decreases.

• Due to the poor steam permeability of such formwork, ventilation in the house must be carefully designed;
• Mandatory grounding of the house is required.

What buildings are being built using this technology

There are practically no restrictions here. This technology can be used to build:

• private houses, summer cottages, cottages;
• low-rise apartment buildings up to 9 floors;
• outbuildings (barn, chicken coop, etc.);
• warehouses, hangars;
• sports facilities (swimming pools, ice arenas, fitness centers);
• various public spaces.

Important points

According to the reviews of the owners of such houses, we can give advice - do not use the fixed formwork of little-known companies. The density of expanded polystyrene in it should be at least 25-35 kg / m 3. Otherwise it is fraught with:

• crumbling or cracking of expanded polystyrene blocks, which in the future will lead to the spill of the concrete mixture from the formwork;
• curvature of the formwork under the weight of concrete and, as a result, the unevenness of the walls;
• the inconvenience of laying reinforcement and tying the formwork blocks together;
• the release of toxic substances during the operation of the building;
• and ultimately, a waste of time and money.

Before purchasing this type of formwork, be sure to ask the seller to present a hygienic certificate for it.

Other types of industrial permanent formwork

These types include:

1. Expanded clay blocks... In appearance, they look like cinder blocks. This is the very first type of permanent formwork. Today it is rarely used due to the high cost and the need for insulation.
2. Glass-magnesite structures... They are lightweight but cannot be used for load-bearing walls.
3. Arbilite structures... Consist of cement and wood chips. They have high thermal insulation performance, but they are quite expensive.

Permanent formwork can be made independently from moisture-resistant plywood, cement-bonded particle boards or sheets of flat slate. It turns out to be quite durable, resistant to moisture. However, the wall has low thermal insulation properties. Therefore, the building will need to be insulated, for example, with mineral wool. You will also need reinforced waterproofing and tie-down fasteners.