At the moment, increasing attention is paid to the reduction of heat loss in the designs of buildings and structures, in pipelines in industrial equipment, in vehicles, etc. Everywhere growing interest in this topic is caused by a permanent increase in the cost of the value of non-renewable energy resources.

So, what are the heat insulating work on SNiP and what are the features of their conduct?

Goals and features of implementation

Work on the arrangement of thermal insulation is aimed at reducing the degree of thermal conductivity of various structures and, as a result, minimizing heat loss and increasing energy efficiency.

Thermal insulation works are divided into:

1. Construction;
2. Mounting.

Construction work includes a device for thermal insulation of buildings, structures and enclosing structures.

Installation work applies to thermal insulation of pipelines of heat mains, refrigeration equipment, thermal units, etc.

Types of insulating materials

The collection 26, according to GOST 16381-77, divides thermal insulation materials according to the next row of the main features:

• in accordance with industrial raw materials - organic and inorganic;
• in accordance with the structure - fibrous, bulk, grainy and cellular;
• in accordance with the shape - flat (mats, stoves, felt, etc.), loose (perlite and cotton), shaped (segments, cylinders, half-cylinders, etc.) and cord.
• according to the degree of flammability, combustible, challenged and non-aggravated.

Montaja technology

In accordance with the sizes and configuration of the thermally insulated surface, one or another type of thermal insulation material and the method of its installation is selected.

Instructions for the manufacture of thermal insulation fences involves the implementation of work by the following methods:

• styling and fixing large-sized industrial production products (blocks, plates segments);
• laying soft rolled materials (cords and mats);
• styling bricks and other small products;
• fill and spray;
• coating;
• faucet.

Important: The most time-consuming is currently the thermal insulation works carried out by swelling and coating.
The main disadvantage of the method is the need to comply with measures excluding the possibility of self-insulating material self-insulation and as a result of non-forming voids.

Relatively new methods are fill and spray. This type of thermal insulation was widely used abroad, whereas on the territory of the post-Soviet space applied over the past 10-15 years. During the implementation of such works, polymeric materials are used in the form of curable foam.

The heat-insulating operation by the method of filling and spray is carried out using both polymeric compositions foaming and solid in the drying process (for example, polyurethane or phenolic compositions) and pre-manufactured polymeric foams, prepared by mixing liquid polymers with foaming agents.

Scope of application

The production of thermal insulation works covers almost all areas of the national economy. The thermal insulation systems are necessary wherever the need to minimize heat loss appears. Whether the construction of the house or the construction of the water pipeline, and there, and there without the use of thermal insulation materials can not do.

Important: Thermal insulation works, for the most part, are complex measures that, in addition to applying and fixing the heat-insulating material, provide for the arrangement of its vapor and waterproofing and the manufacture of protection against mechanical impact.

Thermal insulation pipelines

The arrangement of steam and waterproofing is necessary when the thermal insulation layer is permanently moistened in particular on pipelines located underground or outdoors. Also, work on thermal insulation of pipelines is required if one of the sides of the heat-insulated construction is exposed to critical temperatures. This rule is relevant for refrigeration plants, construction objects located in harsh climatic conditions, etc.

Thermal insulation works on pipelines in this case suggest the installation of vapor barrier with a warmer side of the insulated structure, since condensate falling on the cold surface. In order to protect the heat-insulating layer from mechanical damage, the whole design is facing with dense materials or plastered.

Modern insulating systems on an industrial scale, in addition to construction, are used to isolate a wide list of engineering communications such as pipelines for water supply, heating, sewage, oil and gas and process pipelines.

Advantages of modern thermal insulation of pipelines

The use of fundamentally new categories of thermal insulation materials allows you to minimize the leakage of thermal energy through the heat insulating and protective layer.

Despite not the fiscal cost of thermal insulation work, the following qualities:

• High moisture resistance. This indicator is very important, since the accumulation of moisture in the thickness of the insulation provokes a significant decrease in thermal insulation qualities and the intensive development of corrosion processes on the pipe metal.
• Long operational resource. The plumbing pipes are characterized by a certain operating resource, after which it is not possible to use them for their intended purpose. According to statistics, the use of properly installed thermal insulation allows you to extend the resource of pipes by half without reducing technical and operational characteristics.
• Security from condensation. Thermal insulation materials with low vapor permeability are used on pipelines for which technical fluids are transported in the cooled state. The optimal protection against condensate is considered a PPU tape that is distinguished not only by low thermal conductivity, but also hydrophobicity.

This insulator is a double shell, the cavity of which is filled with polyurethane foam. In addition to the PPU shell, synthetic rubber or foamed polyethylene can be used to insulate water pipes.

• Fire safety. Modern thermal insulation used to protect a number of industrial pipelines is characterized by increased fire safety corresponding to the requirements of fire resistance. Protective materials from foam glass and basalt fibers have proven best in terms of fire safety.
• Resistance to the effects of critical high temperatures. Certain technological processes provide for the need to warm up to 600-700 degrees Celsius above zero. The thermal insulation of such pipelines becomes possible due to materials from the basalt.

Among the main requirements for thermal insulation of pipelines, it should be noted:

• resistance to aggressive effects of chemically active substances;
• increased electrical resistance;
• resistance to rodents and microorganisms.

The practice of using the heat insulation of water pipes shows that the pipes arising on the surfaces, weak electric currents provoke the development of metal corrosion, which becomes the cause of leakage. Again, chemically aggressive media, rodents and microorganisms can harm as a heat insulating sheath and pipes.

However, the professional selection of materials and competently implemented thermal insulation activities guarantee a long service life, both pipes and the insulation itself.

How much work on the installation of thermal insulation

Decided to heat the living house, pipeline or other designs with their own hands to save money? It may be saved to save, but much most likely that a non-professional approach to work will be wrapped with the overruns of materials and spending time.

A completely different result is ensured if thermal insulation works perform qualified specialists who have due experiences and possess all the necessary tools.

Speaking of criteria that determine the cost of thermal insulation of pipelines, first of all, it is necessary to consider how high the price of the thermal insulation material is.

In addition, the cost of finished isolation and the cost of the pipeline thermal insulation is formed in accordance with such parameters as:

• ease of installation;
• work scale;
• the presence of technological possibility of providing pipe protection;
• location of the object;
• season.

Output

If any questions arose during the material reading, browse the video in this article.

Mounting work

Composition of operations and controls

Stages work	Controlledoperations	Control(method, volume)	Documentation
Preparatory work	Check: Availability of a document on quality; Quality materials, products; Processing surfaces of pipelines for isolation.	Visual, measuring, selectively, not less than 5% of products	Passports (Certificates), Act Acceptance, Test Act, General Journal of Work
Insulating pipelines	Control: Quality of anti-corrosion isolation; The quality of thermal insulation; Fastening the main heat insulating layer by bandages or grids; Quality of the coating layer.	Visual, measuring	Work journal act of inspection of hidden work
Acceptance of work performed	Check: The quality of insulation; Compliance with materials project requirements, standards.	Visual, measuring	Act of acceptance of work performed
Control and measuring instrument: metal line, probe.
Operational control is carried out: Master (foreman). Acceptance controls are carried out: employees of quality service, master (foreman), laboratory assistant, representatives of the customer's technician.

Technical requirements

SNIP 3.04.01-87 PP. 2.32, 2.34, 2.35, Table. 7.

Allocated deviations:

In case of thermal insulation device from rigid products, stacked dry, it is necessary to provide:

Clearance between products and an insulated surface of no more than 2 mm;

The width of the seams between products is no more than 2 mm;

Fastening products - on the project.

When thermal insulation device using soft and semi-rigid fibrous products, it is necessary to provide:

Seal coefficient:

for semi-rigid products - no more than 1.2; for soft - no more than 1.5;

Dense adjacent of products to the insulated surface and among themselves;

Overlapping longitudinal and transverse seams when insulated in several layers;

Installation on horizontal fastening pipelines from heat insulation sagging.

When applying insulation shells, it is necessary to ensure:

Tight fit of the shells to thermal insulation;

Reliable mount with fasteners;

Careful sealing of flexible shells.

When the anti-corrosion coating of metal pipes, it is necessary to check the continuity, adhesion with a protected surface, thick.

Not allowed:

Mechanical damage;

Schedules of layers;

Loose fit to the base.

Requirements for the quality of the materials used

GOST 10296-79 *. Isol. Technical conditions.

GOST 23307-78 *. Mats thermal insulation from mineral wool vertically layered. Technical conditions.

GOST 16381-77 *. Building materials and products heat-insulating. Classification and general technical requirements.

GOST 23208-83. Cylinders and semi-cylinders heat-insulating from mineral wool on a synthetic binder.

Isol must be flexible. When bending a strip of isola stamps and databases at a temperature of minus 15 "C, brand and PD at a temperature of minus 20" with a rod with a diameter of 10 mm on a strip of isola, cracks should not appear. Isol must be temperature-resistant. When heated in a vertical position for 2 hours at a temperature of 150 ° C, an increase in the length and appearance of swirling should not be observed. The cavity of the isola should be wound on a rigid core with a diameter of at least 60 mm, made of material that ensures the preservation of isola when transporting and stored. The length of the core must be equal to the width of the canvas or less it is not more than 10 mm. The ends of the roof of the isola, as well as the edges of the canvas in the junction of the roll should be smoothly cropped. The isola's canvas should not have holes, breaks, folds, edges, and not recycled rubber particles and foreign inclusions. The bottom surface of the bell isola (internal inroll) must be covered with a solid layer of dusty sprinkle. The canvas isola should not be merging.

Thermal insulation materials and products must meet the following general technical requirements:

Have a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.175 W / (M K) at 25 "C;

Have a density (bulk mass) not more than 600 kg / m 3;

Have stable physicomechanical and mechanical and mechanical and techniques;

Do not release toxic substances and dust in quantities exceeding maximum permissible concentrations.

For thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines with an insulated surface temperature over 100 ° C, inorganic materials should be applied.

Penodiatric and diatomitic thermal insulation products must have a proper geometric shape. The permissible deviations from the perpendicularity of the faces and the ribs should not exceed 3 mm. Defects of appearance are not allowed in products:

Emptiness and inclusion width and depth of more than 10 mm;

Chobbits and dullness of the corners and ribs in a depth of more than 12 mm and
more than 25 mm long;

Through cracks with a length of over 30 mm; Products with cracks over
30 mm are considered half amenis.

Instructions for the production of work

SNiP 3.04.01-87 PP. 1.3, 2.1, 2.8-2.9, 2.32, 2.33,

SNiP 3.05.03-85 PP. 6.1, 6.2.

Thermal insulation works can begin only after the execution of the act (permission) signed by the Customer and representatives of the installation organization and the organization performing thermal insulation work.

Insulation works are allowed at positive temperatures (up to 60 ° C) and negative (up to -30 ° C).

The surfaces of pipelines before insulation should be cleaned of rust, and to be anti-corrosion protection are processed in accordance with the requirements of the project. The heat-insulating work on pipelines should begin only after their constant consolidation. Isolation of pipelines located in non-voluntary channels and trays must be performed before their gasket.

At the coolant temperature of up to 140 ° C, the coating of isola was used to be sewn to the outer surface of the heating networks of thermal networks on corrosion on the mastic isol. Total coating thickness 5-6 mm. For air heat seafood with a coolant temperature up to 140 "C to protect the surface of pipes from corrosion, coatings of combined paint BT-177 are used on the GF-020 primer. The total thickness of the coating is 0.15-0.20 mm.

To test the quality of work on the sticker of anti-corrosion protection, there is an incision to a metal on a plot of 200 x 200 x 200. The quality is considered satisfactory if the insulation is separated from the pipe with some effort. 5% of pipes are subject to such a check.

The fastening of thermal insulation on pipelines should be made by bandages. For the sewage of the main layer of thermal insulation from moisture, mechanical damage it is necessary to use coating shells from rigid or flexible (non-metallic) materials.

Installation of thermal insulation products must be started from flange compounds and shaped parts and carried out in the direction opposite to the slope.

When intermediate inspection, the surfaces prepared for heat insulation are examined, with multilayer thermal insulation, each layer is checked before applying the following. In the final insulation of thermal insulation, the uniformity of the insulation thickness is determined along the entire length of the direct and reverse pipeline.

The thickness of the insulation is checked by a dipstick. Especially carefully needed to monitor the dosage of cement and asbestos when protecting insulation asbesto-cement mortar. Excess cement in the asbetic mass leads after its hardening and heating to cracking.

"Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2009 No. "On Approval of the List of Works on Engineering Research, on the preparation of project documentation, for construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities that Influence the safety of capital construction facilities. "

This standard was developed in the development of regulatory provisions of the SP 60.13330.2012 "Snip 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" and SP 61.13330.2012 "Snip 41-03-2003 Heat insulation of equipment and pipelines".

Author's team: A.V. Samsonenko (LLC "Rol Isomarket"), A.V. Busakhin (LLC "Third Installation Department" Promveventilation "), cand. ECON. Science D.L. Kuzin. (But "APIK"), dokt. tehn Spider A.M. Grimitlin (NP "SZ Center Avok"), GK Sidic (LLC "Maxhol Teknolodzhiz"), f .IN. Tokarev (NP "ISSS-Installation").

Standard of the National Association of Builders

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

1.1 This standard applies to the design of thermal insulation (hereinafter referred to as thermal insulation structures) intended for equipment, pipelines and air ducts of engineering networks located in rooms of categories B, G, d (for SP 12.13130, clause 4.1).

1.2 This standard establishes the requirements, rules and control of thermal insulation work using thermal insulation structures and their elements made of pipes or rolls of foamed polyethylene or synthetic foamed rubber, as well as cylinders or matte mineral or glass fiber.

2 Regulatory references

This standard uses regulatory references to the following standards and reasons:

Provide a safe outdoor surface temperature of the heat-insulating structure in accordance with SP 61.13330 (paragraph 4.2).

5.5 Installation of thermal insulation structures should be performed in accordance with the requirements of the SP 61.13330 and this standard.

6 Technology of performing work on thermal insulation

6.1 General

6.1.1 Thermal insulation work should be performed only under the condition of complete availability of the object. Construction and installation works are considered fully finished if pipelines and equipment are in the design position and tested by pressure according to the work project, which should be confirmed by the relevant acts.

6.1.2 The installation of thermal insulation is carried out on working documentation in accordance with the project manufacturing work on thermal insulation and taking into account the construction project project.

6.1.8 In order to increase productivity and achieve the high quality of thermal insulation work, it is recommended to use the mass insulation structures made in the workshies.

6.2 Device of thermal insulation of pipelines of thermal networks of heating systems, hot and cold water supply, technological systems

6.2.1 In thermal insulation structures on pipelines, thermal insulation products in the form of tubes should be used as thermal insulation, and in the absence of the tubes of the desired sizes in the manufactured nomenclature of the tubes in the form of rolls.

6.2.2 Fastening thermal insulation products on pipelines Depending on the type of material, the recommended manufacturer must be performed. Requirements for the installation of tubes and rolls from materials with a closed cellular structure are set forth in for the 5.904.9-78.08 series.

6.2.3 For fastening tubes on pipelines Longitudinal and transverse seams of products should be glued with contact glue recommended by the manufacturer. It is recommended to additionally smoke the seams of the product reinforced self-adhesive ribbon.

1 - bandage; 2 - Ribbon.

Notes

1 For the bandage is allowed to use metal ribbons with anti-corrosion coating of stainless steel, aluminum alloys or polyamide.

2 The bandage material used to attach the cover layer must correspond to the material from which the coating was made.

3 Material used for the manufacture of buckles (pos.2) must correspond to the material from which the bandage is made (galvanized or stainless steel, aluminum alloy sheets).

6.2.5 For fastening sheets (rolls) On product seams of products, it is necessary to glue with the contact glue recommended by the manufacturer. It is recommended to additionally smoke the seams of products of the reinforced self-adhesive tape, as well as consolidate products with bandages from reinforced self-adhesive tapes located in increments from 500 to 600 mm.

6.2.6 For thermal insulation of taps, tees, transitions and reinforcements, it follows the place of operation to make heat-insulating elements made from products in the form of tubes, cylinders, sheets or mats. The figure shows two versions of heat insulation of taps that differ in the diameters of pipelines.

a) insulation of removal with thermal insulation tubes (D N. ≤ 160 mm);
b) insulation of removal with thermal insulation sheets (D N. \u003e 160 mm)

1 - tube of thermal insulation material at D N. ≤ 160 mm; 2 - Sheet of heat-insulating material with D N. \u003e 160 mm; 3 - glue; 4 - Ribbon reinforced self-adhesive

6.2.7 In multilayer heat-insulating structures intended for pipelines, the installation of the second and subsequent layers of thermal insulation are performed with overlapping of the seams of each previous layer. The seams of all layers of thermal insulation glue with contact glue. It is recommended to additionally suture the seams of the outer layer of the reinforced self-adhesive ribbon.

Two-layer thermal insulation of a tonite coated with metal shells and fastening with self-samples is presented in the figure.

1 - tube from thermal insulation material; 2 - sheet of heat-insulating material;
3 - glue; 4 5,6 - Metal shells;
7 - Self-tapping screw, galvanized, tip drill

Bandages are installed in increments from 500 to 600 mm. The figure shows the design of the heat-insulated pipeline with a metal sheath, using a bandage fastening.

1 - tube of thermal insulation material at D N.≤ 160 mm (heat-insulating material sheet with D N. \u003e 160 mm); 2 - glue; 3 - Ribbon reinforced self-adhesive;
4 - metal shell; 5 - Bandage with buckle

6.2.11 With thermal insulation of vertical pipelines with a metal coating material, depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation and the height of the pipeline, support structures (unloading devices) can be provided, which prevent the progress and climbing the coating material.

Unloading devices are placed in increasing from 3 to 4 m in the height of the pipeline or equipment. In the same places, temperature seams provide in the metallic coat material. The design of unloading devices should not have through heat-conducting inclusions.

Unloading devices are performed from metal or sawn timber. Unloading devices made of sawn timber must be impregnated with antiseptic compositions or antipirens in accordance with GOST R 53292 and GOST 20022.5.

6.3 Device of thermal insulation of thermal networks of heating systems, hot and cold water supply, technological systems

6.3.1 In the thermal insulation structures of the reservoirs, thermal insulation products in the form of rolls and mats should be used as thermal insulation.

6.3.2 Fastening of thermal insulation products on tanks Depending on the type of material, the recommended manufacturer should be performed. For example, the requirements for the installation of rolls from materials with a closed cellular structure are set forth in for the 5.904.9-78.08 series. An embodiment of thermal insulation on the horizontal tank is shown in the figure.

6.3.3 In the event that the temperature of the insulated surface is lower than +90 ° C, it is recommended to use products in the form of rolls with a self-adhesive substrate.

6.3.4 Setting coatings (plates) and cladding on vertical tanks (drawing) should be taken up with an overlap from 40 to 50 mm.

1 - sheet of thermal insulation material; 2 - glue; 3 - metal shell;
4 - Aluminum self-adhesive tape; 5 - Silicone sealant

1 - sheet of heat-insulating material; 2 - glue; 3 - Aluminum Self-adhesive Ribbon

6.3.5 In multilayer heat-insulating structures for tanks, the installation of the second and subsequent layers of thermal insulation is performed with overlapping of the seams of the previous layer. Sheets (rolls) of each subsequent layer must be glued to the previous one. The seams between the products of the same layer are sampled by the reinforced self-adhesive ribbon.

6.3.6 Installation of thermal insulation of supports and tank headings are performed in accordance with the working documentation.

6.4 Device of thermal insulation of equipment, pipelines and air ducts of systems of ventilation and air conditioning systems

6.4.1 To ensure the quality of work in the installation of thermal insulation, the requirements ,, and this standard should be guided by the requirements ,, and this standard.

6.4.2 Fastening thermal insulation products on pipelines and air ducts, depending on the type of material, should be made by the method recommended by the manufacturer. For example, the requirements for the installation of materials with a closed cellular structure are set forth in for the 5.904.9-78.08 series. The figure shows a heat-insulating structure made by self-insulating material.

The heat insulating structure shown in the figure is made using self-adhesive thermal insulation materials and self-adhesive metal shell.

1 - sheet of self-adhesive thermal insulation material; 2 - glue;
3 - Ribbon reinforced self-adhesive

6.4.3 In the device of thermal insulation structures, designed to prevent the condensation of moisture from the outer air on the surface, materials with a closed cellular structure should be selected as thermal insulation materials.

6.4.4 Installation of the coating (plug) and cladding should be made with an overlap from 40 to 50 mm along the longitudinal and transverse seams.

1 - sheet of self-adhesive thermal insulation material; 2 - glue;
3 - self-adhesive metal sheath; 4 - Silicone Sealant

7 Control of the performance of thermal insulation

7.1 Control of work on thermal insulation of engineering systems in buildings and structures should be carried out based on the requirements and provisions of working documentation.

When monitoring the implementation of installation work, compliance with the requirements should be checked - taking into account factors 5.1, as well as provisions 7.2 - 7.8.

Quality passport.

7.3 With the final delivery of the heat insulating structure on the object, it is necessary to check the temperature matching on the surface of the heat-insulating structure of the safe temperature (SP 61.13330). The temperature is measured by any targeted tool having a check mark in the instrument passport or verification certificate in accordance with the requirements of the SP 61.13330.

7.4 Operational control of thermal insulation work is carried out according to the application.

7.5 When performing operational control of the insulating structure check:

a) before laying thermal insulation material:

The purity of the insulated surface is visually;

The presence of anti-corrosion protection - visually;

Compliance of the thickness of the heat-insulating material used by the RD requirements, measuring the thickness, for example, using the thickness gauge according to GOST 28702 (Table 1 - 3);

The correspondence of the material of the cover layer of the material indicated in the RD;

b) during the laying of heat-insulating material:

Performing seams and joints of the heat-insulating material with glue and ribbon - visually;

The absence of oncoming adhesives (against the direction of the stream of rainwater or flowing moisture) on the coating layer - visually;

The lack of damage to the heat-insulating layer - visually;

Overlapping of mounting seams in multilayer structures - visually;

c) after the installation of heat-insulating material and constructive design:

Fastening the cover layer - visually;

The lack of damage on the surface of the coating layer - visually;

The lack of damage to the surface of the coating (plated), if available, is visually;

The compliance of the appearance and constructive design of thermal insulation by these working documentation is visually.

7.6 Acceptance control of thermal insulation work is carried out after the installation of thermal insulation structures.

In the process of acceptance control, defects are detected, which should be attributed to:

Retreat from the data given in the working documentation in terms of materials, structures and method of installation of isolation;

Non-compliance with the thickness of the heat-insulating layer by these working documentation;

Mechanical damage to isolation;

A loose fit of the heat insulating layer to the surface of the insulated object;

Lack of thermal insulation in places location supports;

Non-compliance with the rules for the location of longitudinal and transverse seams of coatings (plates) and cladding.

7.7 After comparing the mounted thermal insulation design with the data of working documentation and accounting for changes made during the installation process, the final defective statement is drawn up, where all the actual indicators installed during the acceptance (application) are applied.

8 Requirements for reporting and technical documentation

8.1 Reporting and technical documentation is equipped for transmission to the technical customer at the stage of acceptance of work performed.

8.2 For high-quality installation work and compliance with all technological operations, working documentation made to be manufactured must satisfy.

8.3 A typical series of working drawings of thermal insulation can be used as working drawings. So, for polymer insulation with a closed cellular structure, you can use a standard series 5.904.9-78.08.

8.4 If technical solutions of thermal insulation of typical series with the relevant drawings are used in the working documentation taken to produce work documentation, a link to the sheets of the series, which shows the corresponding structures.

8.5 The technical unit must comply with GOST 21.405 (the form is given in the Annex of this Standard) and contain, in addition, the general data relating to the heat-insulating structures carried out:

Information on the estimated ambient temperature;

The results of thermal calculations;

The appointment of thermal insulation for certain types of equipment and pipelines;

Requirements for the manufacture of thermal insulation structures and their installation

8.6 According to the data of technical unit and working drawings, equipment specifications are compiled.

8.7 The equipment specification is executed in accordance with the application and must contain the following sections:

Heat-insulating products;

Products and materials of the coating layer;

Fastening products (including adhesives, self-adhesive tapes, etc.).

9 Terms of Safe Performance

9.1 By the beginning of the thermal insulation work at the construction site, premises for storing materials and tools, as well as a workshop for the preparation of heat-insulating structures and performing technological operations should be allocated.

9.2 Works must be performed in overalls.

9.3 Before the start of heat-insulating work, it is necessary to provide safety standards in accordance with SNiP 12-04-2002 (Section 12).

Operational control of thermal insulation work

An object	Before laying heat-insulating material				During the laying of heat-insulating material
	Clean the insulated surface	The presence of anti-corrosion protection	Compliance of the thickness of the heat-insulating material specified in the RD	Matching the cover layer specified in the RD	Performing seams and joints of the heat-insulating layer glue	Performing seams and joints of the heat-insulating layer ribbon	Lack of counter-shifts (against the stream of rainwater) on the coating layer	The lack of damage to the heat insulating layer	Overlapping mounting shvi B. multilayer constructions
Armature and fittings
Air ducts
Capacity
Technological equipment

Table continuation

An object	After completing the laying of heat-insulating material
	Fastening the cover layer	Absence damage coating layer	Absence damage on the surface coatings (Plugs)	Conformity external view heat insulating designs data of RD
Pipelines of heating and water supply systems
Pipelines of cooling systems
Armature and fittings
Air ducts
Capacity
Technological equipment

Form of defective statement

No. p / p	An object	Characteristics of defects	Description of work to eliminate defects	Unit of measurement	number	Note

Exists two reasons, because of which all thermal insulation works are carried out:

1. Warning of emergency situations. Measuring water often becomes caused by pipe breakage. The effect of low temperatures significantly affects the quality of the material of the product and its overall integrity. By solving such a problem and is a qualitative insulation of unprotected pipes.
2. Reducing energy costs for heating. Many pipeline channels are located on the street: either in contact with the ground, or at a short distance from it. The designs reduce the temperature due to high heat transfer to the environment. The lack of proper heat insulation will entail high financial spending, as well as reduce the quality of the material from which pipeline channels are made.

Thus, thermal insulation of pipelines and equipment is an integral event.

Calculation of pipeline thermal insulation and network laying characteristics

The calculation of the thickness and volume of thermal insulation of pipelines is the labor and difficult process. The common and frequently used method of calculation is the performance of calculations with the help of normalized thermal spells. The construction norms and rules (SNIP) are calculated by the magnesses of thermal losses for the differencemeter pipelines, taking into account several ways to lay them:

• open method, outdoor;
• open, indoors / tunnel;
• bescaless method;
• laying in disadvantaged channels.

The calculation of thermal insulation (thickness and volume) occurs so that the heat loss level does not exceed the value indicated in the SNiP. Calculations are also carried out using various regulatory documents, including a set of rules.
It has some simplifications that are concluded in the following moments:

1. Thermal losses while heating the walls of the pipes internal medium is significantly less than heat loss, losing in the layers of outer thermal insulation. This allows you to not take into account them when performing computing and calculations.
2. A plurality of network pipelines are performed by using steel, the heat transfer resistance of which is extremely low. Especially if we compare with the characteristics of the heat-insulating material.

That is why heat transfer resistance in calculations and computing processes is not required.
To obtain an accurate result, it is recommended to refer to specialists, an independent calculation will be inaccurate.

Classification of materials for thermal insulation

The insulation of pipeline channels have their own classification, which we will understand more.
Depending on the form: rolls, piece products, filling insulators, combined insulation (include several forms). Also, insulation varies in appearance. The selected insulator directly determines the features of the installation.

Extremely common thermal insulation for technological pipelines. A layer of such paint has a thickness of 2 millimeters, but analogous to 2-3 cm Minvati and Polyeopleystra. Warming in this way is environmentally friendly and safe for the health of others.
Heatrokaska is perfectly applied to direct surfaces, and on sections with flaws. The material does not require ventilation after staining. The paint is resistant to sharp change shifts, was created specifically for work in extreme conditions.
It has a special structure, so when spraying penetrates even on the surface, access to which is limited. In addition, heatcharaska provides additional protection against corrosion.

Minvata.

Mineral wool has the characteristics necessary for insulation of pipelines: low levels of thermal conductivity and refractory. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of thermal insulation of highways of heating.
Such material is indispensable for the work on the insulation of pipelines having an increased temperature. Minvata withstands temperature modes up to 700 degrees Celsius. The material is expensive, it is worth paying attention to when choosing.

Polyurethane foam is considered one of the insulation materials of the high quality used for thermal insulation of pipelines. The material goes on sale immediately together with pipes, as one with 2 shells. Polyurethane foam fill emptiness between pipes.
Such products are installed in places designed for gasket. It is important after the end of the main work to carry out the correct isolation in the joints of the joints. The popularity of the material is caused by simplicity and short-term installation.

Polystyrene foam

The polystyrene foam (or foam) is used as an insulator for pipeline channels. The insulation consists of two parts that are interconnected using the Schip-groove fasteners. This permits to assemble / disassemble the heat insulator if necessary. The size is adjusted individually, depending on the size of the pipe itself.
Polyfoam does not absorb moisture and is characterized by a low level of thermal conductivity, therefore is suitable for work with pipeline channels insulation. Such an insulator is distinguished by a long service life - 50 years. But there is also a disadvantage - due to flammability, it cannot be used when working with high temperatures.

Polyethylene

Foamed polyethylene is considered in demand material that is used as an insulator for pipelines.
Externally, it looks like a thermal insulation cylinder, which allows tight coverage of the pipeline and provides its reliable protection against negative environmental impacts. Installation is characterized by simplicity and short term.
Before installing on a polyethylene design, a longitudinal section is made, the material is put on the prepared pipe, and then glued. A special foamed structure gives a dense insulation.

All insulation materials have properties and characteristics, so choose one or another thermal insulation follows from financial resources and features of the conditions in which pipeline channels are paved.
The use of high-quality thermal insulation reduces the level of heat loss and reduces budget expenditures. In addition, the pipes themselves remain safe and preservation.
Each insulation is distinguished by the nuances of the installation. The installation of thermal insulation materials should not be performed independently. Only an experienced worker will establish isolation in line with norms and rules!

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Today, thermal insulation of pipelines is needed both to reduce the heat loss of the relevant systems and to reduce the temperature of the communications for their safe use. In addition, without it, it is difficult to ensure the normal operation of networks in the winter, since the probability of freezing and failure of pipes is quite large and besides.

According to existing standards, as well as the rules for the safe operation of steam and hot water supply pipes, for the elements of pipelines, in which the temperature of the walls are more than 55 degrees, and at the same time they are in the available places, it is recommended to use additional thermal insulation, so as to reduce their heating. In view of this, during the calculations of the thickness of the protective coating, paved in the room, the norms of the density of the heat flux are borrowed. In some cases, the temperature of the outer part of the insulation itself is taken into account.

How to calculate isolation?

The choice of the demanding agent is carried out on the basis of mathematical calculations, of which it is clear what better to take the material, its thickness, composition and other characteristics. If everything is done correctly, it is quite realistic to significantly reduce thermal losses, as well as the operation of the systems is reliable and absolutely safe.

What should pay attention during the calculation:

1. the difference in ambient temperatures where communications apply;
2. the magnitude of the surface temperature, which is expected to be insulated;
3. possible loads per pipe;
4. mechanical impacts from external influence, whether it is pressure, vibration, etc;
5. the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation used;
6. impact and appropriate value from transport and soil;
7. the ability of the insulator to resist different kinds of deformation.

It should be noted that SNiP 41-03-2003 is considered the main document on which materials are selected for insulation, their thickness, according to specific operational conditions. In the same SNiP, it is said that for networks in which the operating temperature of pipes is less than 12 degrees, when processing the surface, be sure to additionally lay vaporizolation.

Thermal insulation of pipes can be calculated in two ways, with each option can be called reliable and convenient for specific conditions. We are talking about engineering (formula), and the online version.

In the first case, the actual thickness of the optimal insulation layer is determined by a technical and economic calculation, in which the main parameter is the temperature resistance. The corresponding value should be within 0.86ºC m² / W in the case of pipes with a diameter of up to 25 mm, and at least 1.22ºC m² / W - from 25mm and above. Sniped provides special formulas for which the total temperature resistance of the insulating composition of cylindrical pipes is calculated.

Please note that with any doubt about the correctness of the calculation, it is better to seek help and advice from specialists who will work reliably and efficiently, especially since prices for their services are quite acceptable. Otherwise, the situation may occur when the amount of certain actions may be more costly for money than to do everything from scratch.

With independent execution of work, it should be understood that all calculations of the thickness of pipe insulation are carried out under certain operating conditions, where the materials themselves and temperature differences are taken into account, and humidity.

The second method is implemented through online calculators, which today are countless. Such an assistant is usually free, simple and convenient. Often, it also takes into account all the rules and the requirements of SNiP, which are calculated by professionals. All calculations are carried out quickly and accurately. To understand how to use the calculator, it will work out without much difficulty.

Initially, the required task is selected:

• Preventing the freezing of the liquid of the pipeline of engineering networks.
• Providing a permanent operating temperature of protective insulation.
• Warming of communications of water thermal networks of two-pipe underground channel gaskets.
• Protection of the pipeline from the formation of condensate on the insulator.

Then it is necessary to enter the main parameters by which the calculation is carried out:

• The outer diameter of the pipe.
• Preferred insulating component.
• Time during which the crystallization of water in the inert state occurs.
• Temperature indicator of the surface to be insulated.
• The temperature of the coolant temperature.
• Type of coating used (metal or nonmetall).

After entering all data, the result of calculations appears, which may be based as a basis in the subsequent construction and overgrowing of materials.

The right choice of insulation

The main reason for the freezing of pipes is the low rate of circulation in them working fluids. A negative factor is the process of freezing capable of leading to irreversible and catastrophic consequences. That is why the heat insulation of networks is essential.

To a special extent, it is necessary to pay attention to the given aspect in pipelines that function periodically, whether it is a flow of water from a well or country water heating. In order not to continue to restore working systems, it is better, after all, to perform their timely heat insulation.

More recently, warming work was made through a single technology, while fiberglass was used as a protective element. At present, the time is proposed a huge selection of all sorts of thermal insulators intended for a certain type of pipes, having various technical characteristics and composition.

In view of their direction of application to make a comparison of materials and say that one is better than the other will be wrong. For this reason, the insulators existing today will reveal.

According to the component presentation option:

• sheet;
• rolled;
• pill
• casing;
• combined.

By area of \u200b\u200buse:

• for removal of water and sewage;
• for steam supply networks, heating, hot and cold water;
• for ventilation pipelines and freezing units.

Any thermal insulation is characterized by resistant to the effects of fire and its thermal conductivity.

• Shell. The advantage of it is the ease of installation, optimal characteristics and high quality of execution. It has a low thermal conductivity, fire-resistance, minimal level of moisture absorption. Suitable for the protection of heating networks and water supply systems.

• Mineral wool. It is usually supplied in rolls, and is used for pipe treatment, the coolant of which has a very high temperature. This option is advisable only with small areas of processing, since the minvat is quite expensive. Styling it is performed by winding communications with fixation in a given position with a wire made of stainless steel or twine. Additionally, it is recommended to perform waterproofing, since the cotton can easily absorb moisture.

• Polystyrene foam. The design of the thermal insulation of this type is more reminiscent of two halves, or the shell, whereby the insulation of the pipeline is carried out. The option can be safely called high-quality and convenient in the installation plan. Due to the minimum moisture absorption and low thermal conductivity, high fireproof, minimal thickness, polystyolmine is great for protecting the heating and water supply networks.

• Penosop. The thermal insulation has similar parameters with Polyopolmineol, though with a significant difference in the installation. Application is performed by means of an appropriate sprayer, since the material has a liquid state. After a complete drying, the entire processed surface of the pipe acquires a dense and durable hermetic structure, which reliably retains the temperature of the coolant. A significant advantage is the lack of need to apply additional fasteners for fixing the material. The disadvantage is considered, except for his high cost.

• Foofole with foil base. Innovative product, every day is becoming more popular. It consists of foamed polyethylene and aluminum foil. The two-layer design allows you to save the temperature of the networks and heat the space, since the foil is able to reflect and accumulate heat. Especially pay attention to low burning ability, high environmental data, the ability to withstand increased humidity and substantial temperature differences.

• Polyethylene foam execution. The thermal insulation of this species is very common, while it is often found on plumbing highways. A feature is the simplicity of laying, for which it is enough to cut off the desired size of the material and wrap it with a technological line, with a fixation of scotch. Often foamed polyethylene comes in the form of a wrapper for a pipe of a certain diameter with a technological cut, which are put on the desired section of the system.

It is important to know that with thermal insulation of pipelines all insulation, except for foamizol, require additionally use of waterproofing and tape for fixing.

Of all the above, it can be seen that there are a lot of pipe processing options, and the choice is very large. Specialists advise paying attention to the conditions in which each material will be used, its characteristics and method of installation. Naturally, a competent heat insulation calculation is also played, which will allow you to be sure in performed work.

Video number 1. Thermal insulation of pipes. An example of mounting

Methods of thermal insulation pipelines

SNiP and many professionals are recommended to be guided by the following trunk lines protection options:

1. Air insulation. Usually communication systems passing in the ground are protected by thermal insulation of a certain thickness. However, it is often not taken into account the factor that the freezing of the Earth comes from the top point to the bottom, while the flow of heat from the pipes seeks to the top. Since the pipeline from all sides is protected by the minimum thickness component, then the ascending heat is also isolated. Rational in this case, to install the insulation over the top of the highway, so that the heat layer is formed.
2. Using insulation and heating element. Great as an alternative to traditional options. In this case, the moment is taken into account that the protection of the lines is seasonal, and they are not rational to lay them in the Earth from financial considerations, as well as using a greater thickness of the insulator. According to the rules of SNiP and instructions manufacturers, the cable may be both inside the pipes and outside them.
3. Pipe laying in a pipe. Here in the polypropylene tubes, separate pipes are additionally installed. A feature of the method is that the system is actually almost always, including using the principle of suction of warm air masses. In addition, if necessary, the emergency hose can easily be located in the existing gap.

Conclusion

Summing up all of the above, it can be said that there are plenty of important points and nuances for processing and protecting the pipeline. In any situation, it is always better to start with the miscalculation of the demanding agent, choosing it type, thickness and cost. The option of its installation also plays a latter role, since the most problematic conditions will require additional substantive money infants to the construction of the necessary systems.

The perfect approach to the choice of thermal insulation, ultimately, can lead to minimal costs and decrease in the complexity of the work performed. The qualitative selection of the demanding insulation components will effectively preserve the temperature of the coolant in the pipes, and also significantly increase their service life.

Video number 2. Universal thermal insulation for pipes