How to water Victoria during flowering. How to feed Victoria in the spring? Boric acid solution

If you want to collect juicy and large, and even in large quantities, the bed needs to be moistened periodically. The surface roots of the plant are not able to absorb moisture from the depths, therefore, when the top layer dries out, they suffer from dehydration. But you can't overflow. Let's take a closer look at how often to water during flowering and ripening and whether these procedures can be combined with top dressing.

When to Water

Strawberries are moisture-loving, therefore, from the beginning of May to September, they feel an urgent need for regular and plentiful. Their frequency largely depends on weather conditions and climate.

Did you know? In fact, the fruits of strawberries are small grains, which botanists call "nuts", and the berry pulp familiar to us is just an overgrown receptacle.

At the beginning of the growing season, when it is still not so hot outside, strawberry plantings are recommended to be watered at least once a week. And on hot days, moisturizing procedures need to be increased up to 2-3 times. If your site has sandy soils that quickly pass water, then in the summer you will have to repeat every other day.
With such care, during the first three years, strawberry rosettes will quickly grow up and develop correctly. They will form the correct metabolic processes, and after harvesting, many rudiments of future fruits will appear.

In autumn, excess moisture can lead to rotting of the root system and the development of pathogens. Therefore, in order not to expose the culture to risks, watering should be reduced to a minimum. On dry September days, the bed can be moistened once every seven days, and in rainy weather this is not necessary.

Strawberry plantings located in sunny areas are watered much more often than those in the shade. As a result of a chain of complex physico-chemical reactions, berries ripen on them, enriched with sugars, glucose and fructose, which gives them sweetness and enhances the aroma.

Important!In one place, strawberries can grow for about four years. Then it needs to be transplanted to new developed areas.

If the spring was successful dry, it is already necessary to water the bushes from the second half of April. In cool seasons until mid-summer, the plant can be moistened three times a month. In this case, the main thing is to focus on the condition and, of course, strawberries.

It is advisable to carry out all water procedures on a strawberry garden in the morning or evening. But try not to let water drop on the culture.

What should be the water

Many owners, in order to facilitate the process of moistening strawberries, throw a hose with tap water onto the bed. Of course, there will be berries on such a plantation, but watering with cold water is highly discouraged by experts. In their opinion, the risks of developing putrefactive infections are increasing, and the root system of the plant is also weakening, which, in turn, affects the quantity and quality of its crop.

It is best to collect water in large containers for settling and heating. By the way, if you do not want to bother yourself with full buckets, you can also adapt a tap with a hose to a barrel or tub. Warm liquid affects growth hormones, stimulating their activation. As a result, the bushes grow well and are distinguished by early ripening of berries.

Did you know?Few ladies know that strawberries can replace the most expensive face cream. The fact is that berries in large quantities contain copper, which is responsible for the production of collagen. That is why it is very useful to prepare masks from it. You will get the same effect as from branded and practically unaffordable cosmetics.

Watering rules

To figure out how to properly water strawberries, it is important to understand the basic requirements of the plant at a certain period of development. After all, anyone who loves to feast on these berries has probably already guessed that the lack of moisture, as well as its excess, affects the taste characteristics. Consider step by step all the subtleties of moisturizing the culture.

After landing

In order for young shoots with antennae to form flower stalks, it is important for them to provide a sufficient level of moisture in the ground. Experienced gardeners advise not to overdo it with the amount of water poured under the roots, because the transplant process usually takes place in spring or autumn, when it is not hot outside.
In the first two weeks after planting, it is recommended to pour half a liter of warm water under each bush. Moreover, it is desirable to do this procedure up to three times a day. In the future, grown layers should be distributed weekly over the area from 10 to 12 liters of liquid per square meter.

Important!In prolonged rains and cold damp weather, be sure to cover the strawberries with a film. It will contribute to the formation of the microclimate necessary for increasing biomass and strengthening the roots, as well as preventing the development of fungal diseases and putrefactive infections.

Many owners of strawberry plantations in the early stages of the development of young plants use purchased sprinklers. But their use is allowed only before the start of budding, since the risks of washing pollen from the stamens are very high.

How to water strawberries after planting depends largely on the characteristics. For example, sandstones require 50% moisture, and loam - 60%. Experts advise moistening the plant rarely, but abundantly, since frequent and minor waterings do not give the desired effect.

At the beginning of the strawberry growing season, special attention should be paid to the soil. After each watering, it is desirable to loosen it and, to the extent necessary, clean it from. These manipulations will improve the aeration of the roots and allow them to feed more intensively. Remember that light substrates require less water than heavy substrates.

During flowering

If in this phase of the development of the bushes they are not provided with the necessary water regime, large losses in yield and severe depletion of the crop are possible. To prevent this from happening, 20-25 liters of water should be poured for each square meter of the garden.

Did you know?Lemon contains more sugars than strawberries.

Some adjustments regarding the amount of liquid poured out can be made by the physicochemical characteristics of the substrate. But in all cases, make sure that the soil is saturated to a depth of 25 cm.
To retain moisture, it is recommended to cover the aisles with coniferous mulch, straw or black film. These materials will not allow development, moreover, they will also protect the berries of the plant from contact with a wet substrate. As a result, they will not be affected by rot.

During the fruiting period

The first ripe strawberry fruits can be found already in June. But some owners, thanks to competent watering and fertilizers, manage to harvest several crops per season. We asked them how often to water strawberries during fruiting and ripening of berries.

It turns out that for such success per square meter of planting in hot weather, you will need within 25 liters of water. On sandy substrates during this period, it is important to maintain humidity at the level of 70%, and on loams - about 80%.

Did you know? The size and color of strawberries affect the contents of the berries. Scientists believe that a bright saturated color is a clear indicator of a large amount of vitamins.

Remember that sockets especially need moisture when greens form on them. Therefore, monitor the condition of the mulch and do not allow a dry crust to form on the ground. Many gardeners make special furrows in the aisles where water is directed. This technology does not endanger the pollen and protects the berries from rot.

Watering and feeding

The combination of these two vital procedures for strawberries can work wonders. The culture is very dependent on the mineral constituents of the substrate. They are better absorbed by the roots in a humid environment.

Before planting rosettes, experts advise fertilizing the garden bed with a mixture of, and. Per square meter of plot, the ratio of components is calculated according to the proportion of 3 kg: 35 g: 500 g. Then it is important to put a little humus or rotted (but not fresh) in the hole under each bush.

Important!When planting strawberries in the spring in the fall, it is imperative to remove dry foliage and regrown mustaches from the aisles from the sockets.

On old berry plantations, the first feeding is planned at a time when the bushes begin to throw out young leaves, the length of which does not exceed 10 cm. Then a solution of 3 kg of dry, which must first be diluted with water and infused for about three days, and a bucket of water. Alternatively, you can use infusion.
Re-fertilization is carried out when flower stalks appear from the sockets. During this period, it is desirable to add about 20 g under the root

It is not for nothing that strawberries are considered the queen among the berries that grow in our climatic conditions. And this is due to its exquisite taste and unique aroma, which most of us like so much. The closest relative of strawberries, garden strawberries, or, as it is also called, Victoria, has special taste qualities. Unfortunately, the ripening season of this beautiful berry is rather short - by the end of the first summer month, it ceases to bear fruit. However, at the same time, it also requires considerable labor efforts on the part of the owner, and not only in spring and summer. Victoria needs care in the fall. And this, in turn, is a guarantee that next summer there will be a wonderful berry harvest on your plot of land. Therefore, we will talk about what to do with Victoria in the fall.

In general, autumn care for Victoria involves, firstly, the obligatory pruning of bushes, and secondly, feeding it with fertilizers, and, thirdly, preparing the plant for winter.

One of the most basic milestones in caring for garden strawberries is pruning. As a rule, mustaches and leaves of bushes are circumcised. The need for this procedure is explained by providing the plant with rest after active growth and fruiting, which will lead to the rejuvenation of Victoria and gain strength by next summer. In addition, such processing of Victoria in the fall will help improve the condition of each bush. It is known that various kinds of pests settle on the leaves. By cutting them, you will naturally heal strawberries.

Regarding how to cut Victoria in the fall, this procedure is recommended to be performed immediately in the fall in September. Use a pruner, sharp knife or scissors for this. It is important to cut the leaves at a level of 10 cm from the ground so as not to damage the growing point of the victoria.

After circumcision, experienced gardeners are advised to treat the bushes with solutions from pests and diseases. It will also be very useful for the berry to carry out weeding of the rows, loosening them and pouring fresh earth for bare roots.

How to care for a Victoria berry in autumn: top dressing

But autumn top dressing is needed for Victoria strawberries to accumulate organic, mineral substances and form new fruit and leaf buds. Victoria fertilizer should be applied in autumn after trimming leaves and mustaches, that is, in September.

If we talk about how to feed Victoria in the fall, then humus, compost, chicken manure, and a barn are excellent for these purposes. Mineral fertilizers are also used (superphosphate, potassium salt). Excellent growth for the kidneys gives top dressing, for the preparation of which it is necessary to mix 2 tablespoons of potash fertilizers and nitrophoska with a glass of wood ash, dissolving the mixture in 10 liters of water. Such a talker must be poured under each bush. After fertilizing, it is recommended to mulch the soil.

Autumn care for Victoria: preparation for winter

In areas where winter is always snowy, Victoria's cold is not terrible. But the lack of snow for plant bushes can be detrimental. That is why strawberries should be covered for the winter.

Ordinary straw is especially suitable for mulching. She needs to carefully and completely cover each bush. But if you do not have straw at your disposal, you can use other materials. Fallen leaves, peat, tree branches or corn stalks are also suitable as a covering pillow - everything that is found in your garden. In addition, quite often purchased covering material - spunbond or lutrasil - is used to prepare Victoria strawberries for winter.

Thanks to such care in the fall for garden Victoria, the plant will accumulate strength and give you a tasty and rich harvest next year.

Garden strawberries, often called Victoria, have gained wide popularity and distribution in the gardens of various regions of the country. This is due to the simplicity of its reproduction, the precocity of the culture, the convenience of protection from the harsh weather conditions of winter, and the high dietary and taste qualities of the berries. Many gardeners receive high yields of Victoria every year, having mastered its agricultural technology well.

Soil and landing site for victoria

It is necessary to plant a plant on a piece of land with a slight slope to the west. The place must be protected from the winds. Indeed, in winter, Victoria is covered with snow from frost, which means that in no case should it be blown away by the wind. A bare berry can freeze and die. It is desirable to choose sandy soil rich in humus.

Others are added to it fertilizer. It is better to apply fertilizers in the fall, spreading them evenly and digging them with a shovel. In the spring, shallow loosening is necessary in order to level the surfaces and close the moisture. For one square meter of soil where strawberries will be planted, you will need:

• twenty grams of potassium chloride;
• twenty grams of ammonium nitrate;
• twenty-five grams of superphosphate;
• six kilograms of humus.

It is best to alternate landing Victoria with vegetable crops. The best predecessors for this berry are: green spaces (dill, parsley, lettuce), legumes, garlic, onions, root crops. And it is not advisable to plant it after potatoes, as the plant can get sick with a nematode.

Reproduction and planting

By the middle of summer, antennae grow in adult Victoria plants, on which nodules are located, giving roots and leaves in the future. With the help of such antennae, Victoria breeds. Three sockets located at the mother plant are considered to be of higher quality. When four to six leaves appear on such a rosette, it should be separated from the mother plant for planting in a permanent prepared place. In order for the plant to take root quickly and well, it is necessary to dig sockets with a clod of earth.

Many gardeners plant strawberries in beds eighty to one hundred centimeters wide and up to fifteen centimeters high. The edges of such beds can be edged with boards, and the aisles can be covered with sawdust.

Victoria is planted during the entire vegetative period from the beginning of spring to the middle of the last month of summer. Landing dates are determined by the readiness of the sockets.

For the spring period, sockets are grown on seedling beds or added dropwise near the mother bush. In this case, Victoria will bear fruit already this year, albeit slightly.

Very common tape two-row landing pattern. In this case, the distance between the rows in the tape is about forty centimeters, between the tapes themselves up to eighty centimeters, and between the plants from twenty to thirty centimeters. In this case, up to ten plants are placed on one square meter.

Planting density depends on the Victoria variety and growing conditions.

Before planting seedlings, you should dig grooves or holes up to ten centimeters deep and water them well. Then plant seedlings in them and water them well again.

It is best to plant in cloudy weather or in the evening. This improves survival.

In order to properly care for young seedlings of Victoria, you should not forget it on time. water. During the first two weeks, watering should be especially regular. If the weather is dry, then watering should be daily, and only then once every two or three days.

How to care for mature victoria bushes

Spring chores

1. After the snow melts and the upper layers of the soil of the beds with Victoria dry up, all debris and dried leaves should be removed from them. Old mustaches and petioles of leaves are best trimmed with secateurs. Victoria bushes that have not endured winter frosts should be removed along with the roots. Weeds that have managed to grow in late autumn are also removed. All these plant residues are composted with manure or burned off site.
2. After the soil dries up in the beds and between the rows, it is loosened to a depth of about four centimeters, then the surface is leveled, crushing lumps and dusted with ash.
3. Now you can apply fertilizer. First of all, when caring for Victoria in the spring, organic fertilizers are applied, for example, sawdust or straw. To do this, they are first crushed and sprinkled a little around the bushes. You can also add peat chips or humus.
4. Preferably in mid-April, and if it doesn’t work out, then in May, treat Victoria from pests. It will be enough to water the plants with a weak solution blue vitriol. After such watering, the first buds will begin to bloom on the plant.
5. Although Victoria is a moisture-loving plant, excessive moisture affects it negatively. When caring for a plant, it is advisable to combine its watering with pest protection and fertilizers. Some gardeners do the first spring watering hot water.
6. After harvesting, watering and sprinkling with organic fertilizers, victories are required nitrogen fertilizers. They are applied only after the first leaves appear on the plant. To do this, combine cowshed and ammonium sulfate, dilute with water and water Victoria.
7. In the morning, once a week in spring, plants should be watered. warm water. Before flowering, watering can be done by sprinkling. When Victoria blooms and when there are already berries on it, watering is done carefully so that water does not get on them.
8. Already in the spring will have to deal with weeds. If the aisles are mulched with sawdust, then there will be no weeds, and water with fertilizers will pass directly to the tubers.

How to care for Victoria in the summer

1. Weekly watering of plants.
2. Weeding beds with Victoria from weeds.
3. Mandatory inspection of plants for diseases and pests.
4. When the first berries begin to tie, be sure to add straw or sawdust. Then the fruits will not get dirty and rot.
5. Mandatory removal of damage to parts of the Victoria or the damaged bush itself so that other plants do not become infected from it.
6. Before flowering, top dressing with a solution of nitrophoska or potassium sulfate.
7. Berries must be collected regularly, along with the stalk.
8. After harvesting Victoria, until the tenth of August, the bushes should be fed with wood ash and nitrophoska.
9. Cover the beds with foil during heavy rains so that diseases do not develop and the berries do not become watery.
10. The antennae should be removed from the fruiting Victoria in a timely manner in order to prevent the rooting of rosettes. The tendrils are left only if seedlings are needed to resume planting. Leave them near the uterine outlets.
11. After harvesting, the soil is loosened, and if the roots are bare, then the bush is spudded.

Autumn work or preparing Victoria for winter

1. The soil must be after flowering mulch. Do it with wood shavings, straw or dry moss. This allows you to protect the berries from gray rot. The same procedure is repeated by mid-autumn, but already using peat or grain production waste. The thickness of the layer should be from five to eight centimeters. Leaves should not be covered.
2. To prepare Victoria for winter, not only mustaches are cut from the bushes, but also leaves at a distance of ten centimeters from the ground. This should not be frightening, since new leaves will appear before winter, and the plant will get stronger.
3. Cropped bushes should be sprayed against diseases and pests.
4. Feed the plants with mineral fertilizers. This is necessary in order for Victoria to accumulate them for the formation of new leaves and berry buds.
5. In areas where winters are not very snowy, Victoria takes shelter. You can use ordinary straw, tree branches, fallen leaves. Often, some special covering material is used for this purpose. You can also cover with a film, but be sure to remember to remove it in the spring no later than the beginning of May.

Protection from pests and diseases

An important role in the care of Victoria is its protection from diseases and pests. Of the pests of Victoria, the most common are strawberry mites and nematodes. And from diseases: gray rot of berries, powdery mildew and white spotting of berries. But how to care for Victoria to prevent this? To prevent such diseases and pests, you should:

• plant seedlings only healthy;
• use varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests;
• prevent bushes from thickening;
• during the ripening of berries, limit watering;
• remove berries and leaves that are damaged;
• soak seedlings from healthy mother plants for fifteen minutes in hot (forty-six degrees) water to destroy the nematode and strawberry mite;
• in the aisles of Victoria bushes, to combat the nematode, it is recommended to plant calendula, onions, marigolds, garlic, immortelle.

Previously, only strawberries were grown in Russia - a fragrant and tasty berry, but small and not very productive, so today this plant is almost never found in garden plots. It was replaced by large-fruited strawberries, brought by sailors to Europe from America. One of its varieties called "Victoria" began to spread with particular speed, and soon all strawberries began to be called Victoria. To get a rich harvest of tasty and healthy berries, you need to know the rules for planting and growing Victoria in open ground.

Victoria landing time

The best time to plant strawberries is spring or autumn. In the spring, plants are planted as early as possible - immediately after warm weather is established and the threat of return frosts disappears. In autumn, Victoria should be planted from the second half of August until September 15, and then in the next planting season they will be pleased with the first berry.

Seedlings with a closed root system, purchased in cassettes or containers, can be planted as early as mid-July. The main thing is to choose a cloudy day for planting and moisten the soil well. Seedlings planted in summer will have time to take root well before winter and will give a full harvest next spring.

Some gardeners grow planting material with their own hands, although this is a long and laborious process. Indeed, to obtain a full-fledged independent plant, it will take at least three years. Therefore, experts advise buying seedlings in well-known nurseries, and preferably in cassettes or containers. This is the most reliable and fastest way to grow crops.

Site selection

The site designated for Victoria should be sunny and have a flat surface with a slight slope to the southwest. It is not worth choosing steep slopes for planting this crop, from which the wind blows snow in winter, and spring waters carry away part of the fertile layer. Lowlands and depressions, where melt water is kept for a long time, are unsuitable for strawberry cultivation.

The soil on the site should contain a lot of organic matter. Light loams, black soil or gray forest soil are best suited for growing this berry in open ground. Groundwater should lie no closer than 1 m to the surface of the earth.

Victoria grows well after herbs, cereals, onions, garlic, petunias, marigolds. You should not plant a berry on the beds where tomatoes, eggplants, and cucumbers previously grew. After 3-4 years, the plants are transferred to a new place.

spring planting

For the spring planting of Victoria, the soil must be prepared in advance, even before the onset of winter. The site must be carefully dug up, weeds removed and the following fertilizers applied to each square meter of area:

• humus - 9-10 kg;
• superphosphate - 100 g;
• potassium salt - 50g.

Seedlings for planting in the spring should be selected strong and healthy. Before planting in the ground, it should be hardened for several days by placing it in a cool place.

Between plants located in the same row, 25-30 cm are left. To ensure ease of care, the beds are separated by passages 40-50 cm wide.

Before planting, the roots of the plant are cut to 10 cm and holes are dug to such a depth that the root system fits vertically. Particular attention when planting Victoria should be paid to the location of the neck of the bush.

The neck of the bush should be flush with the soil surface. With a high planting, the roots can dry out, and with a very strong penetration, the plant can rot.

The planted plant is watered abundantly and covered with a special material to protect it from frost or sunburn.

Planting in autumn

Autumn planting of seedlings of strawberries is considered optimal, since in the spring of next year a full-fledged harvest can be harvested from young bushes. Plants planted in early spring will also begin to bear fruit the following season, but they will have to be cared for all summer.

Before autumn planting, the site should be processed and prepared in early spring, making the necessary fertilizers. If every piece of land is valuable in the garden, these beds can be temporarily occupied by onions, garlic or celery, that is, early ripening vegetables.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, the roots should be treated with a fungicide (fungicide) and the young plants should be kept in a cool place for several days.

Victoria cultivation

In the first year after planting Victoria in the ground, do not strive to get a big harvest. On the contrary, in order for the plant to strengthen and grow the root system, it is necessary to remove the tendrils and flowers that appear.

Caring for adult plants involves a number of activities.

1. Processing a plot with strawberries. In early spring, as soon as the growing season begins, it is necessary to collect old mulching material from the beds and aisles, remove dry and damaged leaves, and loosen the soil between the plants.
2. Watering. Large juicy fruits cannot be obtained without proper, balanced watering. Moisture should be enough for the normal growth of the plant, and at the same time, strong waterlogging of the soil can provoke rotting of the root system. Victoria is watered 1 time in 10 days at the rate of 10-12 liters per 1 sq. m from mid-April. In the summer, with the onset of heat, the frequency of watering can be increased up to 4 times a week. In autumn, in August and September, the number of waterings is reduced to 2 times a week. It is better to carry out watering work in the morning, trying not to get water on the leaves and flower stalks. During flowering, drip irrigation is used.
3. Loosening. After the next watering, the earth around the plants and between the rows must be carefully loosened, trying not to damage the adventitious roots lying near the surface of the earth. This is necessary in order to make the soil breathable and facilitate the flow of oxygen into the root system.
4. Weeding. Planting care involves the regular removal of weeds from the beds and passages. Weed grass not only depletes the soil, taking most of the moisture and nutrients, but is also a breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria and a refuge for pests. To stop the appearance of weeds, you can cover the area with plantings with mulching material: sawdust, wood chips, dry needles - or cover it with agrofiber.

These are the main activities that should be regularly carried out by every gardener involved in growing Victoria in open areas.

Care during flowering

The appearance of the first flower stalks falls in mid-May. It is during this period that the future harvest is laid, the quality and quantity of which depends on the correct care. To feed the plant during this period, potash fertilizers, humus and ash are introduced into the soil. You can increase the number of inflorescences with a solution of boric acid, prepared at the rate of 1 tsp. on a bucket of water, which is sprayed with green bushes.

It is especially important to weed and loosen the site, preventing the emergence and growth of weeds. To get a large berry, you need to use a pruner to remove all the extra tendrils and leaves that absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil.

Feeding Victoria

Care for Victoria is impossible to imagine without feeding this plant. Fertilizers should be applied at least three times per season.

• In early spring, after processing the area allotted for the berry, nitroammophoska is introduced into the soil. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are part of this fertilizer, are the most necessary substances for plant development.
• During budding, potassium is added to the soil, a large amount of which is found in ash, infusion of chicken manure, and potassium nitrate. After picking the berries, the plants are again fed with nitroammophos, dissolving 2 tbsp. l. in 10 liters of water.
• And the last time Victoria is fed in August with urea. This contributes to the formation of new flower buds and more abundant fruiting next year. The solution is prepared at the rate of 30 g of urea per 10 liters of water.

There is a complex fertilizer on sale, designed specifically for strawberries and increasing yields by 30%.

Growing Victoria is an incredibly useful and interesting activity, although it requires certain skills and knowledge. Having studied the advice of experts and providing proper care for the plants, it will not be difficult to get a decent harvest of this delicious berry.

The taste and size of Victoria strawberries depend on care and top dressing. It is an undemanding and large berry.

It resists diseases well, but you need to choose the right place for landing. If necessary, correct the soil, because on heavy soils with clay impurities, the absorption of nutrients is impaired. Fertilizer for Victoria can be selected from organic materials available on the farm, or you can use purchased mixtures specifically designed for strawberries.

If additives are not used additionally, not all characteristics of the variety will appear. The longer the plant is in the garden, the more it takes nutrients and the worse it grows and bears fruit: sour small berries, small bushes.

You can start caring for strawberries in the fall. If the seedlings have not yet been planted, you need to prepare the beds and apply some fertilizer - preferably organic, so that the young bushes immediately begin to grow.

Landing site preparation

How to feed Victoria for the future harvest - can be found in the household:

• compost;

• chicken manure;

• manure;

• green manure;

• mineral mixtures.

But first you need to choose the right bed:

• it should be on the sunny side;

• to be protected from the winds - a good option is to put a fence on both sides of the garden so that the bushes are in shelter;

• do not choose areas where water stagnates;

• not very good if the bed is near potatoes, tomatoes, peppers;

• do not plant under trees.

You can plant Victoria in the holes and add fertilizer to each. If water stagnates in the soil, then it is better to plant on the "comb".

Fertilizing Victoria in the spring

Strawberries respond very well to organic fertilizers. For spring dressings of Victoria, you can use an infusion of chicken manure. Use chicken fertilizer carefully, as it is the most concentrated of all animal fertilizers.

To begin with, a third of the bucket is filled with litter and poured with water. Wait 4 - 5 days until the excess ammonia disappears from the mixture. Further, each liter of infusion is diluted in 20 liters of water. Water under the root in the hole so that the fertilizer does not spread.

The best option is compost based on manure or chicken manure. But at home, it ripens for a long time, and buying is expensive.

The substance is prepared as follows - they are laid in layers in the collar:

• priming;

• manure;

• plant residues;

• kitchen waste.

For the first time, Victoria's nutrition is enough. After rooting, after about 2 to 3 weeks, foliar spraying of strawberries with a urea solution diluted two times can be carried out. This will stimulate the growth of greenery and shoots. During fruiting, strawberries should not be sprayed.

Flowers appear in mid-May.

It's time to think about how to feed Victoria to replenish potassium and phosphorus. It is not advisable to use nitrogen-containing fertilizers, as this causes increased growth of shoots, but it has a bad effect on the formation of fruits: you can get large beautiful strawberry bushes with one peduncle.

Ash solution is a unique folk remedy that has been used since time immemorial and always works well. To do this, you need to burn the wood and save the ashes. Many in the country grill barbecue using firewood.

Hardwoods are more suitable, especially oak. Oak ash contains 20% potassium and 75% calcium. There is more potassium in young shoots, and it is also found in weed ash. Preparing the ash solution is simple:

• take 300 g of ash;

• pour a bucket of water;

• wait 3-4 days.

It can be watered at the beginning of the fruiting period for better ripening of berries and their sweet taste.

Video: The first feeding of strawberries in the spring

It is important to do regular weeding and clipping of strawberries, because in order for them to grow, the plant consumes additional nutrients that must be used to form fruits. It is recommended to cut the first flowers so that the rest are larger.

In the spring, you should especially protect the plant from fungal diseases that can damage the berries. Proper and regular feeding helps to maintain the immunity of the plant.

Victoria's summer top dressing

Potassium and phosphorus are the substances that need to be fertilized with Victoria in the summer during the period of active fruiting. You can continue to use the ash solution. If the ash is over, then apply mineral fertilizers. It is advisable to use those mixtures that are specifically designed for berry crops.

Conventional fertilizers for flowers and vegetables are not suitable, as they have an incomplete composition of trace elements. Experienced gardeners advise to use potassium nitrate - 1 teaspoon of granules diluted in 10 liters of water. Watering boric acid helps to increase the number of inflorescences - Mix 1 teaspoon in a bucket of water.

If rainy weather lasts for a long time and there is little sun, then we should expect the appearance of a fungus on a strawberry plantation. To avoid this, you need to mulch the soil between the rows and under the bushes. The berries will be dry and less likely that the fungus from the soil will get to them.

Important! During the fruiting period, it is impossible to use chemistry against pests. Plants should be sprayed in advance for prevention.

In summer, watering is especially important when strawberries are gaining weight. Nutrients must dissolve in water and so enter the berries. If there is not enough water, then the assimilation of dressings will be inferior, and the berries will be tasteless, or rather sour. In the absence of rain strawberries it is recommended to water 3-4 times a week so that the soil is moistened to a depth of 10-12 cm.

Autumn top dressing of Victoria strawberries

How to fertilize Victoria so that next year's harvest will please? Before embarking on autumn events, you need to think about how long strawberries grow in one place. If it is 3 years old, then it needs to be transplanted, otherwise the berries will shrink and the yield will decrease. And in the fall, phosphorus mixtures are usually added. Phosphorus binds to the soil and remains in it until spring.

Superphosphate is a good choice. It can be buried in the ground in a dry form, making furrows around the bush or diluted with water and poured over the recesses, and then sprinkled with earth. Superphosphate dissolves for about a day, so it is first soaked and stirred periodically, and then watered.

Potassium is needed in order for the bush to winter well. Potash fertilizers for Victoria can also be applied in September. If you use wood ash for this purpose, then at the same time you can achieve looser soil and reduce soil acidity. This is an economical means, since it maybe once every 3 years.

Important! You can not add nitrogen before winter, because it stimulates the growth of green mass and the plant will die from the cold

For the winter, strawberry bushes are mulched and, depending on the winter in the region, wrapped in polyethylene or spruce branches.

conclusions

To get a good harvest of Victoria strawberries, it is enough to follow the simple rules for using fertilizers, watering and transplanting plants.

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To get a good result from growing berries, you need to know some features of a cultivated plant. To get a rich harvest of berries, you need to know how to care for Victoria.

noble birth

The berry, named after the Queen of England, requires a respectful attitude. Victoria is respected for its beneficial properties and pleasant taste.

Fragrant berry is a strawberry variety. Victoria strawberries are a familiar garden joy. For its popularity, it requires some features in personal care.

Growing a light dessert under your window is not difficult if you create “royal” conditions for strawberries. The process involves planting, watering, and possibly transplanting the crop.

Looking for the perfect place

In winter, snow cover is a natural escape from frost. The site, well protected from through winds, is ideal for growing strong berries.

According to the composition, sandy loamy soil is selected, or an artificial mixture is made containing a large percentage of humus. A poorly lit area will result in Victoria not giving you a good harvest. Open sunny places are ideal for this variety.

Victoria Landing

By the middle of the summer season, tendrils grow in strawberries, with the help of which it reproduces. Shoots "hatch" from the nodes located on the mustache. So gardeners get rosettes from leaves and roots.

Ideally, the first 2-3 rosettes from the main plant are suitable for propagation. On a plot with a flat surface, preferably with a slope to the west, Victoria seedlings are planted.

Two-year-old bushes are the most suitable applicants for the selection of future "offspring". In the presence of 4-6 leaves, the socket is cut off from the mustache. This must be done without shaking off the lumps with the ground. A socket is planted in a pre-prepared recess as an independent plant in a permanent place.

The pre-prepared soil "meets" the planted Victoria in spring or autumn. The gardener should take into account that strawberries planted in April-May grow and develop more slowly than those that were successfully transplanted in August-September. Some gardeners are not limited to seasonal processing and know that one should not neglect such a rule as caring for Victoria in the fall. Victoria is no exception.

Transfer

Gardeners know how to care for Victoria for a good harvest. Every four years they transplant strawberries. Changing the place of Victoria is one of the main rules for growing a rich harvest of this berry.

Strong, healthy bushes are suitable for transplanting. Existing holes are spilled with water. With a gentle movement, the spine is lowered into the recess and straightened there by hand.

Berry transplantation is best done on a cloudy day. Strawberries love moist soil and will take root more easily in such weather. When finished, do not forget to shade her from the sun while she gains strength.

Without touching the leaves, carefully sprinkle the bush, and lightly slap the surface of the earth for better rooting. While the plant takes root, regular watering should be maintained. A sharp decrease in yield or a small berry is a sign of insufficient watering during flowering.

Lead time is a must. The soil is prepared for autumn planting in June. For spring seedlings, the site is prepared in the fall.

Feed and drink

Multiple expert disputes about the root causes of crop death for strawberry lovers are expressed in recommendations on how to properly care for Victoria. It all starts with landing. Humus is introduced into the dug up earth. Proportionality is calculated as follows: fertilizers in the composition of 6 kg of humus go per square meter.

An additional composition is considered 20 gr. ammonium nitrate, 25 gr. potassium salt, 20 gr. superphosphate. In specialized stores, ready-made mixtures are sold, so you don’t have to worry about the quantitative ratio. There you can also purchase literature that tells how to care for Victoria.

Landing is carried out in prepared rows. The height of the combs is 10-15 cm. 60 cm apart.

Bush distance 30 cm. This principle provides ease of care.

Regular attention

Regular watering, mulching do not exclude work on loosening the soil, removing weeds. Timely weeding has a positive effect on the result.

Careful care of Victoria is caused by the need for moisture. Despite the exactingness of constant moisture, stagnant and swampy places negatively affect the plant. Proper watering work can provide a rich harvest.

The end of flowering - as a signal to the owner of the site about the need to mulch the beds with straw, moss or wood shavings.

All of the above items must be dry. This rule will save your berry from an unpleasant disease that provokes putrefaction. Re-mulching is carried out in the fall. Peat or grain waste can be used. The thickness of the sprinkled material should be 5-8 cm.

After harvesting, pay attention to the ground around each bush. It should be loosened. If roots break out on the surface, spud the plant. Loosening the soil prevents the appearance of a crust from watering.

Timely removed rotten berries, diseased leaves are also a way to maintain a healthy strawberry plantation. An additional warning against diseases will be the presence of straw or film under the bushes with Victoria. Without contact with the ground, the berry avoids pathogenic bacteria, remaining whole and healthy.

Remontant varieties of Victoria will help you get multiple crops in one season: Geneva, Queen Elizabeth II, Moscow delicacy.

Depending on the desired ripening period, the variety is selected according to the group of early, middle, late ripeness.

Preferring early berries, choose Kimberley, Crown, Olvia. Sweet and large berries, bright red color.

The beginning of July is considered to be an average harvest from the varieties Zenga-zengana, Rusich, Vima-Zanta. Berries with a sweet and sour taste. Late varieties include varieties whose harvest is in mid-July, for example Vikoda, Charlotte.

Negative experience is also a clue what you did wrong and how to care for Victoria next season.

Victoria care and cultivation

How to care for Victoria in the spring, caring for strawberries. Everyone in the country has a Victoria, in the spring when everything starts to grow, many have questions care for victoria what to do? Victoria leaves live 50-60 days a year. The top layer of soil up to 3 cm can be removed, so you protect the plantings from pests that wintered in the litter. In the spring, when the weather allows, you can start cleaning Victoria from last year's foliage and debris. You can cut off all the foliage, leaving only a growth point. The entire Victoria plantation can be sprinkled with wood ash, (read all about wood ash fertilizer at the link). Care for Victoria (strawberries) in the spring includes fertilizer and mulching. Sprinkling with ashes, also sprinkling with sawdust or ordinary humus. But on this spring care for victoria (strawberries) does not end. At the beginning of May, Victoria needs to be fed with a complex mineral fertilizer. Before bud break, spray the bushes with a solution of copper sulfate, so you prevent diseases of young foliage. When green leaves appear on the Victoria bushes, then you need a solution of mullein with ammonium sulfate under each bush. only natural fertilizers, except for wood ash, fertilize with potassium (sodium) humate. Water strawberries once a week with warm, settled water. You can water before flowering by sprinkling, but as soon as the flowers appear, you need to water under the bush, excluding the leaves themselves.

Growing and caring for Victoria

Have you decided to plant this wonderful berry on your site? For this you need:

• Choose a placePrepare the soilPurchase planting material

We choose a sunny place for planting this wonderful berry. Then we prepare the soil for planting. Victoria prefers fertile land and for this we introduce humus at the rate of two buckets per square meter, and as mineral fertilizers - ash at the rate of two liters per square meter. They plant berries in spring, summer and autumn. The best planting time is the month of April.

At this time, the seedlings are well accepted, they get sick less, and in June it is already possible to harvest. For planting, you need to take rosettes with a well-developed root system. Planted on a flat area, making small indentations and spilling them with water.

The distance between the rows is 50-60 centimeters, between the sockets - 30. In order for the socket to take well, we dip its roots into a mixture of mullein and clay.

The mixture is made at the rate of 1 bucket of clay per 0.5 buckets of mullein, diluted with water to a creamy consistency. After planting, water abundantly. Then water as it dries.

Before flowering, watering can be done with a sprinkler, and then with a hose along the grooves. Victoria loves organic fertilizers and, for top dressing, I use mullein. I dilute it 1:10. I feed the plants twice a season.

The first time in early spring and then during the beginning of flowering. I feed after watering on moist soil. After that, I loosen the soil and then mulch with straw or small grass cut on a grass cutter. Thanks to mulching, moisture is retained longer, the soil is not covered with a crust, the berry remains clean and this protects the berries from raw rot and weeds. In order to get a larger and larger berry crop, during flowering and fruiting, we remove the whiskers. And if you want to propagate the berry, then after harvesting, leave 1-2 whiskers closer to the mother plant. Further care for Victoria comes down to watering, preventing the plants from drying out, weeding weeds and removing dried leaves. For in order for the berry to overwinter well, it must be well shed in late autumn. And before frost, cover with foliage, straw or other material.

I, Galina Nikolaevna Sukhova, have vast experience in farming, with which I generously share on the pages of my website

Proper care for Victoria - a rich harvest

Right victoria care will allow you to get a rich harvest, starting with its planting and watering, and ending with the harvest. It is no secret that Victoria has many useful properties, not to mention its excellent taste.

A rich harvest is the result of proper care for Victoria. Garden strawberries, which are usually called "Victoria", are a very tasty and fragrant berry. In fact, Victoria is only a variety of strawberries. Care for strawberries and Victoria have some features and differences.

victoria landing

Victoria should be planted on a flat, with a slight slope to the west, plot. It is necessary that the landing site be well protected from the wind, which in winter, blowing snow from plants, can cause them to die from frost. Victoria grows best on sandy loamy soils containing a large amount of humus. Victoria reproduces with a mustache that grows by mid-summer. From the nodes on the mustache, new shoots grow - rosettes of leaves and roots.

The first 2-3 rosettes from the main plant are considered the most suitable for propagation. Mustaches from two-year-old bushes are the most suitable. When 4-6 leaves are formed on the outlet, it should be cut off from the mustache and planted together with a clod of earth in a prepared hole in a permanent place. Victoria is usually planted in spring or autumn, with preliminary soil preparation.

If spring planting is supposed, then the soil should be prepared in the fall, if autumn, then the site is prepared in June. 6 kg of humus and mineral fertilizers are added to the dug up earth per square meter: potassium salt and ammonium nitrate, 20 g each, plus 25 g of superphosphate. In order to make it convenient to take care of the plants, they are planted in rows like ridges, up to 10 cm high. Leave 20-30 cm between the bushes, with a row spacing of 60-70 cm.

Victoria care and watering

Victoria is very whimsical to care and watering. With regular work to save moisture by loosening the soil, mulching, snow retention, weed removal, you can do without watering.

But when it is watered up to 10 times per season, it is possible to obtain a more generous harvest. After flowering is over, the ground in the garden is mulched with wood shavings, straw or dry moss. This protects the berries from damp rot. In the middle of autumn, you need to do a second mulching with peat or grain waste.

The thickness of the mulch should be 5 - 8 cm. After harvesting, loosen the ground around the bushes. With exposed roots, the plant must be spudded.

Weeding also plays an important role in obtaining a good harvest of strawberries. Good and timely victoria care will delight you with the harvest of berries that are indispensable in the treatment of kidney and liver diseases, diabetes mellitus. Victoria berries favor blood formation, increase working capacity, strengthen the immune system. Read also about remontant varieties of Victoria, as we often call it, or simply strawberries.

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Victoria - delicious victory with little secrets

Greetings, dear readers! One of the first varieties of the well-known garden strawberries is the Victoria berry. Victoria fruits have an unusual aroma, look beautiful and appetizing on a dish.

Victoria is a berry that has many valuable properties and contains nutrients. It contains vitamin C. The name Victoria is very suitable for this berry. To feel victoria - victory - you need to see a well-groomed garden of beautiful berries.

And for this you need to properly care for the plant. Let's talk about that, in the garden plot. Victoria breeds with a mustache. They usually appear in the middle of summer. For further cultivation, plants use sockets located next to the mother bush.

Mustaches from biennial plants are best suited. You need to plant a rosette with four leaves on the ridge, separating it from the common plant. Victoria bushes are planted in spring or autumn. But at the same time, the site for landing is prepared in advance.

For spring planting, beds are prepared in the fall, and for autumn - in the month of June, not forgetting to fertilize the ground. It is desirable to plant Victoria on level ground with a slope to the west.

In winter, snow should accumulate on the site so that the Victoria bushes do not die. In this regard, the bed should be positioned so that it is not strongly blown by the wind. In order to plant bushes, it is necessary to make holes in the prepared bed, into which the mustache, dug together with a clod of soil, is placed.

This must be done immediately, without leaving the outlet for the next days. The Victoria berry is susceptible to infection with gray rot, in order to prevent this disease, the soil on the ridge is mulched with wood shavings or straws, 10 cm thick. At the same time, the leaves of the plant do not fall asleep.

When the crop is harvested, the ground around the berry bushes must be loosened. When the roots are exposed, the berry is spudded, regular weeding of Victoria is the key to obtaining a good harvest. Before flowering, in order to prevent gray rot disease, it is necessary to spray with an iodine solution. Special requirements are placed on watering the bushes.

Moderate watering of the plant will allow you to save a large amount of vitamin products. Without additional moisture, Victoria will grow if you cover it with snow in winter, carry out high-quality weeding, and do timely and regular loosening of the soil. Today, it's all about being on the site. Do not miss the opportunity to enjoy Victoria berries.

Its taste is canceled, and the benefits are immeasurable. When using, it is necessary to carefully rinse the fruits under running water. You can use garden strawberries for fasting days due to their low calorie content.

The use of a decoction of berries and leaves will help to lose extra pounds. Sooner or later, any gardener will want to plant strawberries on his plot. But how to care for Victoria to get a good harvest?

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This question worries many gardeners who first planted this berry crop on their site. Is it difficult to care for this plant? At first glance, it might seem so.

However, if we consider some basic recommendations for caring for Victoria, it turns out that this task is not so difficult. Of course, it can be difficult at first, but with a little practice, you will become a guru in growing strawberries. And in this article you will receive comprehensive answers to important questions on the agricultural technology of this berry crop.

How to plant Victoria

So, consider the first question - how to plant Victoria? The answer to it is important, since it is the planting of strawberries that affects the quality of the future harvest. To understand how to plant strawberries, you must first briefly consider the structure of its bushes.

Take a look at the photo attached below. As you can see, there is a main, uterine bush. It is thanks to him that the reproduction of berry culture is possible. A mustache extends from the main strawberry bush.

Rosettes appear on these processes - future fruit-bearing bushes. Over time, this outlet will also turn into a mother bush. Important! For reproduction, choose those shoots on which there are no more than three outlets.

This will ensure the stable growth of each bush, which will also affect the quality of the fruit. As soon as the rosette begins to form, immediately gently stick its roots into the soil. So you provide the plant with a constant supply of important vital elements.

After a while, when the bushes form, they can be transplanted. It is worth noting that each mother bush can produce up to 15 good rosettes. This means that you do not have to constantly buy seedlings, and you will always have your own. Reminder.

Victoria should be planted in the middle of summer (in July). Many gardeners advise choosing the evening time of the day for this: in this case, the plant will undergo night acclimatization. What bushes can be planted in the ground? Will all sockets fit?

No, you need to plant only those seedlings that have a formed root system, there are several leaves and a heart is developed. Therefore, if you are buying outlets, then pay attention to all these factors so that you do not get upset later because your plant has not been taken.

In the same case, when you have your own uterine bush, then, before carefully tearing off the outlet from the mustache, make sure that it matches this description. Before planting the plant, carefully straighten its roots. Of no small importance is the place chosen for planting Victoria.

Berry culture develops well on sandy, slightly acidic and loamy soil. Remember to saturate the soil with humus and important nutrients.

You can not plant a plant in clay soil (it will die) and sandy soil is not recommended (yield will be small). Do not plant strawberries in beds that are adjacent to peppers, tomatoes and potatoes.

Also, do not plant seedlings near trees: their root system will interfere with the development of Victoria. But the neighborhood with corn and sunflowers will be very useful - they will protect the berry crop from the winds. The plant does not like high humidity, low temperatures and cold winds.

Such weather conditions adversely affect the productivity of the variety: the harvest will be small, and the fruits themselves become small and diseased. But warm and sunny places will contribute to the fact that Victoria will bear fruit abundantly with large and beautiful berries.

How to water Victoria

Strawberries are considered to be moisture-loving plants. Therefore, are there any special recommendations on how to water the Victoria? It turned out that yes. In the first month after planting, the plant needs to be watered into the holes. After 30 days, the bushes are irrigated by filling the beds with water.

It turns out that it is from this period that Victoria begins to receive abundant moisture. Many gardeners in this case do not reinvent the wheel, but simply bring the end of the hose to the bed and fill it to the top. Yes, do not be greedy for water.

For such generosity, Victoria will give you its large, tasty fruits. Here's what to do with this bountiful harvest.

How often to water Victoria

It is clear that strawberries need abundant watering. But still, how often to water Victoria so as not to harm the plant? From spring, strawberries begin to grow rapidly.

If she is not given the necessary moisture during this period, then then one should not be surprised that the berries ripened small and dry. Watering continues until almost mid-autumn. In the spring and autumn season, strawberry bushes should be irrigated once a week.

This should be done in the morning and preferably with warm water. In the summer season, Victoria should be watered at least twice a week, and if the days are hot, then it can be done every other day. In this case, we must not forget to fertilize the plants with liquid subcortex.

How to care for Victoria in the spring

The spring season is the busiest. It is at this time that strawberries need special care. Therefore, how to care for Victoria in the spring? You have just finished eating frozen strawberries, when spring comes to the yard, and with it it's time for you to go out to your site.

Where to begin? To get started, carefully inspect your beds. Remove all frozen plants without regret: there is nothing for them to take up space in the beds.

Dead leaves must be removed from living bushes. After carefully studying the bushes and removing the dead, proceed to the next step: remove the top layer of earth with which you mulched Victoria last fall. What is it for?

Firstly, various pests live in this layer, which have taken refuge here from the cold, and secondly, the root system will begin to receive additional heat from the rays of the sun. When you have completed all these procedures, it is advisable to feed the strawberries with nitrogen fertilizer. As soon as your bushes will delight you with new leaves, then immediately “feed” your plants with a solution of mullein with the addition of ammonium sulfate to it. And when May comes, Victoria should receive a portion of complex mineral fertilizer.

How to grow a large Victoria

So, all the main work is done. The gardener is waiting for his fruits. But how to grow a large Victoria, because every gardener wants to get a special trophy? In fact, a lot depends on the gardener himself, or rather on whether he will help Victoria in its fruiting. What is it about?

Again about fertilizer. And it doesn’t matter what you are doing - trying to grow cherries from a stone or want to get a large Victoria fruit - the right and timely fertilizer in these matters will play a key role. Make it a rule to fertilize plants not only in spring (as mentioned above), but and before flowering and ripening.

In the first case, it is advisable to feed strawberries with bird droppings. The solution is prepared as follows: one bucket of manure is poured with three buckets of water. The liquid should stand for three to five days.

The resulting solution is diluted 1 to 20 and the grooves between the beds are watered. And before ripening, Victoria should be fertilized twice: with boric acid and zinc sulfate. Thanks to all these actions, you can expect a plentiful and large-fruited harvest. In addition to the information in the article, you can listen to the advice of one of the gardeners on how to best care for strawberries:

It is characterized by precociousness and high ability for vegetative reproduction. Its berries contain from 5.5 to 9.2% sugar, 0.56-1.37% acids, vitamin C (average 50 to 70 mg).

Reactive compounds (catechins, anthocyanins, flavones and others), trace elements (manganese, cobalt, iodine) and other valuable substances. Strawberries can grow in various soil and climatic conditions.

This is a perennial herbaceous plant, in which the leaves gradually die off and resume. The above-ground system has three types of shoots. The first type is shortened shoots (horns).

They have an apical bud, a rosette of three to five leaves with lateral axillary buds, and adventitious roots. From the kidneys of the lower part of the horn, new horns develop. The second type of shoots is a mustache. They are formed from the vegetative buds of the horn.

Rosettes are formed on them, daughter plants that are used for vegetative propagation of strawberries. The third type of shoots are flower stalks. They develop from the apical buds of the upper part of the horn.

The strawberry bush does not have a central stem and apical growth. New growths are formed from lateral, axillary buds, located below the apical ones, in the lateral part of the stem. From the axillary buds, two new stems can appear on the side, less often three.

The resulting stems - horns, in turn, also branch, form a set of shortened stems and make up the "crown" of the strawberry bush. The number of horns reaches 30 or more and depends on the age of the bush, variety, agricultural conditions and other reasons.

Horns appear in spring in limited quantities, but their mass formation is timed to the second half of summer, i.e., to the end of the harvest. Corded stems, or mustaches, are laid in early spring and are in their infancy for a long time.

Mustaches appear already in the first year of a plant's life and deplete it if they are not removed in a timely manner. Cord-shaped stalks-whiskers first grow up and then bend to the ground. When the mustache leans towards the ground and comes into contact with it, roots and rudiments of leaves appear on the nodes.

The roots are in the air for some time until they touch the ground along with the stem node. Under favorable conditions, developed roots and a small number of leaves form a rosette.

In strawberries, each new stem is formed from a lateral dormant bud at the base of the growth of the previous year. Since, with the age of the bush, lateral branches (horns) appear higher and higher in relation to the soil surface, the young roots also move away from the ground and are on the soil, as if in the air.

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In order for young roots to grow and develop, strawberry bushes need to be spudded. The root system of strawberries is concentrated mainly in the surface layer of the soil - up to 25-30 cm. Under favorable conditions, the roots of new planting strawberries reach 70-80 cm in depth.

Some varieties (Early Makherauha, Leningradskaya early) are characterized by a more superficial placement of roots. The maximum depth of their placement does not exceed 60-70 cm. In all areas of cultivation, strawberries suffer from severe frosts if there is no snow cover.

Strawberry bushes in snowless winters die at a temperature of minus 15-18 ° C, but a slight snow cover is enough to sharply increase the frost resistance of strawberries. Winter hardiness in strawberries is reduced as a result of leaf infection with strawberry mites or white spotting.

The winter hardiness of plants also sharply decreases in a dry year, especially if the drought continued after harvest. The effect of drought is that after picking berries, plants form a small amount of new leaves, while old leaves, damaged by pests and diseases, sharply reduce photosynthetic activity.

The frost resistance of plants also decreases if the root system is not provided with sufficient air access. If the autumn is dry, the plants lack nutrition, they are weakened by weeds, pests and diseases, exhausted by the formation of a large number of mustaches, the next year the berry yield is sharply reduced.

It is advisable to limit the cultivation of strawberries in one place to four years, that is, to get a crop within two to three years. Planting strawberries, Victoria is carried out with healthy planting material.

In the Central Non-Chernozem zone, spring planting gives the best results (the third decade of April - the first decade of May inclusive). You can use planting material obtained from the mother plots of nursery farms, as well as material stored in a refrigerator or in cold rooms during the winter.

Early summer plantings (July-August) using well-formed seedlings can also give a high yield next year. Autumn planting of strawberries should be completed before September 10, because at later dates the plants do not take root, they do not overwinter well.

Strawberries are planted according to a single-line scheme with row spacing of 80 or 90 cm and distances between plants in a row from 15 to 20 cm. two-line scheme, the distance between the lines is from 15 to 20 cm.

Such plantings give a 25-27% higher yield of berries compared to a single-line scheme. Before planting, the roots of strawberry seedlings are dipped in a soil mash. It is necessary to plant plants not very deep and not too shallow, so that the “heart” of the seedlings is on the surface of the soil.

Before planting plants, the site can be pre-mulched with light-tight materials. This technique contributes to the effective suppression of weeds, increasing soil moisture and creating conditions for the good development of plants.

This leads to an increase in the yield of strawberries by more than 30%, the ripening of berries is accelerated by several days, and the degree of damage to them by gray rot decreases. As mulching materials, a polymer film or thermohydrophobic paper is used.

The edges and ends of the mulching materials are sprinkled with soil and the seedlings are planted in the prepared holes in the mulch. Strawberry varieties recommended for cultivation are characterized by high yield, winter hardiness and resistance to pests and diseases.

Care for plantings of strawberries, victoria In the spring, dry leaves must be removed from the plot of fruit-bearing strawberries with a rake and, after the first loosening of the soil, seedlings should be treated against diseases and pests. In table.

12 lists some of the chemicals used for these purposes. When preparing the soil for laying strawberries, it is advisable to apply from 80 to 100 kg of organic fertilizers (rotted manure, compost), 450 g of simple superphosphate and 180 g of potassium chloride to a plot of 10 m2.

At the same time, one third of the fertilizers should be embedded in the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm, and two thirds to a depth of 10-12 cm. It is not recommended to apply nitrogen fertilizers under the strawberries of the first year because of the danger of damage to the berries by gray rot.

In addition, nitrogen fertilizers cause rapid leaf growth. Therefore, during this period, phosphate and potash fertilizers are used. In early spring, they are brought in evenly throughout the site and sealed with a hoe.

Strawberries of the second year in the spring are fed with ammonium nitrate (100 g per 1 m2). This top dressing can be omitted if a sufficient amount of organic fertilizer is applied before planting.

Under strawberries of the third year, 100 g of superphosphate, 100 g of potassium chloride and 150 g of ammonium nitrate per 10 m2 are added. Usually half of the nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring, the rest - after harvesting.

Starting from the second year after planting, feed strawberries in early spring and after harvesting with a combined liquid fertilizer (1 part mullein to 5 parts water with the addition of 60 g of simple superphosphate and 100-150 g of wood ash to 1 bucket). They are fed as follows: on both sides of the rows of strawberries, grooves are made 4-5 cm deep and a fertilizer solution is added to them at the rate of 1 bucket per 3-4 m. After fertilizing, the grooves are covered with earth and watered.

A special combined mixture for fruit and berry crops is applied at the rate of 400-500 g per 10 m2, evenly distributed over the site. Additional measures to combat diseases and pests at the beginning of the growing season - cleaning from dry and diseased leaves, at the beginning of flowering - laying straw between rows, folding rotten berries into a separate container when harvesting and destroying them outside the plantation, making a full mineral dressing and watering.

Chemicals used to control diseases and pests. In most regions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, after harvesting berries, the leaves are immediately mowed. This is necessary to reduce the infestation of plants with diseases and pests.

The cutting height must be at least 1-2 cm above the level of the horns; leaves are collected and destroyed off site. In the second half of summer, the mustaches from the row spacing are shifted into rows with a rake, this contributes to the thickening and expansion of the rows of young strawberries with the formation of a strip of plants up to 40 cm wide.

On the site of fruit-bearing strawberries, the whiskers must be removed as they appear up to three times in the summer-autumn period, since the destruction of the whiskers contributes to a better laying of fruit buds and the development of mother plants. When using film shelters (tunnels), the harvest of berries of one-year-old and two-year-old strawberries ripens 10-12 days earlier and is 70-80% more than usual.

The simplest types of shelters are tunnels. For tunnel equipment, a wire frame is made over the rows of strawberries. To do this, a wire 4-6 mm thick and 2-2.5 m long is bent into arcs and placed above the rows of strawberries at a distance of about 1 m from one another.

A twine is pulled along the upper part of the arcs so that the film does not sag. Then the frame is covered with a rolled film. From above it is strengthened with the same arcs. For more reliable protection of plants from adverse weather conditions, the tunnel can be covered with two layers of film.

This is done under the condition that the air temperature is minus 5 ° C. It is advisable to keep the plants under the film until the first harvest. However, in case of severe drought, it is necessary to leave the film for the entire harvest period.

During flowering, the film shelter must be opened so that the plants are pollinated by bees. In tunnels, plant care is facilitated if a perforated (perforated) film is used (up to 40 holes per 1 linear meter, 26 mm in diameter).

Such a film does not need to be removed during flowering, as the bees have access to flowering plants using the holes. The cultivation of remontant varieties (Sakhalinskaya, Inexhaustible, Ada, Druzhba, Arpagoy, etc.) allows for continuous or repeated fruiting in a season.

In the conditions of the Moscow region, for example, the first harvest of berries of these varieties is harvested at the same time as ordinary varieties, and the second - from the end of July until autumn frosts. To harvest strawberries in the fall, semi-repairable varieties are also used (Talisman, Redgauntlet, Zenga Zengana, Surprise Gallia, Beauty Zagorya, etc.), in which differentiation of fruit buds can take place in the spring-summer period during flowering.

The second harvest will be better if the differentiation of the kidneys takes place under conditions of a short day of 10-12 hours for 20 days (the plants are covered with opaque materials) and the air temperature does not exceed 14-16°C. To stimulate re-flowering, mowing the leaves after the first fruiting can be used.

Film greenhouses allow you to get not one, but two crops per season from the same plants. In the first year, the greenhouse can be used to grow seedlings and then leave the seedlings in their permanent place, so there is no need to dig, store and plant them.

Semi-repairable varieties of strawberries (Talisman, Redgauntlet, Zenga Zengana and others) are planted in greenhouses, which, under appropriate conditions, give a second crop in 2-2.5 months. after the first, In other crop rotations, plants stored in the refrigerator are used.

They are planted 5-10 days after covering the greenhouse with foil when the soil warms up to 7-10°C. The best strawberry plants for forcing in greenhouses are those that have a well-developed bush, with three to five horns, with flower buds that have undergone differentiation (at a 10-12-hour day and a temperature not higher than 12 ° C).

In addition, the plants must go through a dormant period at temperatures from 0 to +5°C for 30 days or more. Plants are planted in multi-line ribbons on ridges 90 cm wide; for a single forcing, they can be placed from 22 to 28 pcs/m2.

Victoria (aka strawberry) is a berry loved by many, with a rich and sweet taste. It contains many useful components, such as vitamin C or folic acid. If you want a fragrant and healthy berry to grow on your site, then you will need to provide it with appropriate care. Today we will talk about how and by what means Victoria is fed.

Terms of application

Before moving on to feeding Victoria, you should qualitatively prepare the plant for future procedures. The soil and bushes around the plantings must be processed immediately after the snow has melted and the soil has completely dried. At the same time, mustache trimming is required, as well as cleaning of all yellowed leaves. The latter should be done manually - it is better to refuse to use a rake. If there are damaged parts on the bush, then they will need to be removed. Only after that you can take a rake and clear the necessary place with them.

When all the bushes are cleaned in the spring season, they are treated for various diseases to which the culture is susceptible. Usually, iodine, potassium permanganate and boric acid diluted in water are used for this. And now let's take a closer look at what seasons Victoria is usually fed.

spring

With the onset of spring, the first top dressing is carried out until the formation of buds. To begin with, standard care is required - you need to clean the foliage, as well as remove the already dried shoots. For the first time, strawberries are recommended to be fertilized with a fairly saturated mullein (manure), harvested from fresh raw materials. This fertilizer is prepared in this way:

• it is required to collect 1 liter of water in a bucket, and then dilute the fermented mullein in it;
• if you do not turn to the mullein, then it is permissible to carry out the first dressing with urea - for this purpose, 2 tablespoons of this mineral remedy are diluted in a bucket of water, and then all the bushes are watered with 0.5 liters each;
• Victoria fertilizer should be carried out after rain, when the ground is still wet (in such conditions, the mullein will be absorbed much faster, and it usually just spreads on dry ground).

Of course, there are many different types of fertilizers, however, mullein is the most popular. Many summer residents turn to this natural remedy. Manure contains a large percentage of phosphorus and nitrogen. The last component has a positive effect on the growth and development of the planting, and phosphorus allows the ovaries to actively form. There are several basic rules for caring for Victoria in the spring.

• Primary top dressing is very often carried out at the very beginning of spring using a special preparation called "Horus" (at the rate of 12 g per bucket of water). After half a month, another treatment is required for characteristic diseases.
• In order to prevent Victoria's diseases, as well as to avoid the appearance of spots on them, they often turn to the Topaz tool - 6 ml of the product will be needed per bucket of water.
• You can use foliar feeding, which is called "Plantafol" at the rate of 20 g per 10 l. water. A similar effect is possessed by such means as Brexil Mix or Megafol.
• In order for the ovaries to form more actively, it is permissible to use the Boroplus agent and add it in 10-15 ml increments.

For spring top dressing, such effective means are also used:

• boric acid;
• yeast;
• ash.

Summer

Phosphorus and potassium are exactly those components that are especially needed for Victoria in the summer, during the period of its active fruiting. To do this, it is permissible to use various solutions, for example, ash, which is highly efficient. If you laid the ashes in the spring, and you almost ran out of it, then you should turn to mineral types of fertilizers. Experts and experienced gardeners are advised to turn to specialized mixtures that are designed specifically for berries.

Simple universal fertilizers for vegetables and flowers are not suitable, because they contain an insufficient amount of trace elements. It is better to turn to a more effective potassium nitrate. To do this, you will need to take 1 teaspoon of granules and dilute them in 10 liters of water. In summer, it is also permissible to use boric acid, thanks to which the plant will give even more inflorescences - here you need to take 1 teaspoon per bucket of water.

If rainy weather persists for a long time in summer, and the sun is rarely shown, then plantings may be affected by a fungus. To avoid such troubles, you should mulch the ground in the areas between the rows, as well as under the berry bushes themselves. For this reason, the fruits may be slightly dry, but they will not be afraid of the fungus from the soil.

It is important not to forget that during the fruiting period, it is impossible to use various chemical pesticides in any case. It is permissible to spray plants only in advance for preventive purposes.

We must not forget that in the summer of Victoria, sufficient watering is simply necessary, since during this period the berries gain their weight. Nutrients must dissolve in water and go directly to the fruit.

If there is not enough water, then top dressing will not be assimilated as it should. As a result, the berries will not be very tasty, and their sweetness will be replaced by acid. If the weather is clear in the summer without rain, then the strawberries should be watered about 3-4 times a week. This is necessary so that the soil is moistened to a depth of 10-12 cm.

autumn

Many summer residents are wondering how best to feed Victoria so that she gives a rich harvest next year. Before moving on to the autumn planting care procedures, you need to think about how long the berry grows in one place. If for 3 years, then it is better to transplant it. Otherwise, the fruits will grow small, and the yield will gradually decrease.

In the autumn period, phosphorus fertilizers are most often added. The element is bound by the earth so that it remains in it until the next spring. A good solution in this case would be such an addition as superphosphate. It can be added to the soil in a dry state, preparing furrows around the bush, or diluted with water and poured over the recesses, and then covered with earth. The process of dissolving superphosphate occurs during the day, therefore, this agent is pre-soaked and stirred from time to time, after which they proceed to watering.

Potassium will be needed so that the bush comfortably survives the winter without negative consequences. Potassium fertilizing for strawberries can be added in September. If for this purpose we turn to natural wood ash, then at the same time it will be possible to achieve both loose soil and a decrease in its acidity level.

But you can not make nitrogen closer to winter, because it activates the growth of green mass. For this reason, the plant may simply die in the cold. For the winter, Victoria bushes should be mulched and wrapped with plastic wrap.

What fertilizers are required for strawberries?

For feeding Victoria use various means. Let's take a closer look at the most popular of them.

• Urea. This is a top dressing in which there is a large percentage of nitrogen. In addition, it contains components such as hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. Urea must be applied directly to the ground or used as a mixture, because upon contact with air it simply dissolves, turning into ammonia.
• Ammonium nitrate. This is a salt of nitric acid, in which 35% nitrogen is present. Ammonium nitrate makes the soil more "acidic", so it must be combined with special dolomite flour.
• Nitroammophoska. Complex fertilizer in which there are potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. You can turn to this tool in the spring only if potassium salt or superphosphate was added to the soil in the fall.
• Mullein. Some properties of mullein (dung) were mentioned above. It is a highly effective nitrogen supplement.

• Bird droppings. This is an effective organic fertilizer, in which there is a very high content of useful trace elements. The litter contains phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and other necessary components.
• Humus. This fertilizer is a former waste of various origins. Simple manure, which has lain down for about 1-2 years, can also be called humus.
• Wood ash. This popular fertilizer is pointless to add in the spring without the use of nitrogen top dressing. Wood ash contains all the elements required by Victoria, only nitrogen is missing. If you add both ash and nitrogen-containing agents at the same time, this can lead to undesirable reactions, because ash is an alkali, and nitrogen in combination with it turns into rapidly evaporating ammonia.
• Yeast. Some summer residents use proven products and feed Victoria with yeast, which is involved in the rapid decomposition of organic matter in the ground. It is worth adding such components only to warm soil, since the optimum temperature for their decomposition is +20 degrees. In the process of yeast fermentation, the soil loses a lot of potassium and calcium, so immediately after treatment with such means, ash fertilizer should be used.

• Nettle. A good top dressing for Victoria is nettle tincture. Thanks to such a tool, the yield of Victoria is significantly increased, and the berries grow larger.
• Ammonium chloride. This tool can be found in any pharmacy. Ammonia is a very effective substance, because it contains a nitrogen compound - ammonia.
• Iodine. Many summer residents feed Victoria with iodine. You can use an alcohol-containing composition, which not only prevents many plant diseases, but also acts as a nitrogen catalyst.