Fertilization of grapes by stages of development. What fertilizers are best to feed grapes in summer

Growing grapes is not an easy task, especially for the northern regions. Even in the middle lane, the berries do not always have time to ripen due to improper care or insufficient nutrition in the soil.

Famous vineyards are located in the southern regions, where the air quickly warms up to 15-18 degrees in early spring. This temperature is considered optimal for the start of intensive shoot growth and fruit formation. In order for the grapes to ripen, the temperature should be 28 - 30 degrees.

If the air warms up more, the feeding processes are suspended. In order to get a good harvest, in June the temperature must be above 20 degrees - this is a prerequisite, because the vineyards also contain for the production of wine. At the same time, the sugar level for dry wines must be at least 18%. For sweets - 22%.

The most dangerous phenomenon for grapes is considered to be short-term frosts. In the spring, buds that have started to grow at a temperature of minus 3 - 4 degrees die. A vineyard can lose up to 70% of its buds. In the autumn, early frosts can damage vegetative buds, which will give shoots and harvest the next year. The plant does not have time to get used to the cold, therefore, even at a temperature of minus 5 - 7 degrees, they all freeze out.

Of great importance are feeding grapes in spring and summer, as well as fertilizing the soil with nutrients in autumn. Depending on the type of soil, nutrition is applied most of the year - from spring to autumn. It helps to support the root system and vegetative organs of the plant. The root system, by the way, in grapes is very weak, located at the surface, therefore this species is sensitive to a lack of moisture in the soil and air.

You cannot feed the grapes during the fruiting period with mineral fertilizers alone. This depletes the soil and results in lower yields. A good result is obtained by the alternation of mineral and organic substances, as well as the use of micronutrient fertilizers for feeding grapes. Trace elements protect the vegetative organs from fungal infection, enhancing immunity, especially in adverse weather conditions during flowering and pouring berries.

Organic and mineral fertilizers for grapes

Every spring grapes grow a large amount of green mass, which requires nitrogen nutrition. Fertilizing grapes with mineral and organic substances increases the plant's resistance to external conditions and makes it possible for the berries to ripen.

From minerals for feeding grapes use:

ammonium nitrate;

superphosphate;

urea;

potassium salt or potassium sulfate.

Ammonium nitrate and urea are monofertilizers, the active ingredient of which is nitrogen. It promotes the formation of young shoots and leaves, preparing the plant for fruiting. Nutrients are introduced into the groove dug around the root in liquid or dry form. After sprinkling, dry granules must be watered abundantly - this way the food will be absorbed faster, and it will be easier for soil bacteria to process substances.

Superphosphate is one of the most important fertilizers than the grapes are fed during the ripening period of berries, in autumn or spring. Fertilizer supports the root system and affects metabolism. Introduced in liquid form: superphosphate granules are poured with hot water and mixed until completely dissolved, then poured under the root.

Video: Top dressing of grapes in the summer for an excellent harvest

Potassium is responsible for the quality and size of the berries. With a lack of it, the leaves dry out, and the grapes do not gain sugar. Full ripening does not occur, especially in the northern regions, where weather conditions interfere. Potassium is added together with phosphorus, since these substances work more efficiently in steam. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for grapes usually contain nitrogen, so they are applied in the spring or summer. When feeding grapes in August, such mixtures are not used, so as not to stimulate the growth of new shoots.

Correct feeding of grapes is carried out in several stages:

two main integrated nutrition;

additional- during the entire growing season.

Foliar feeding of grapes is of great importance, because in this way it is possible to quickly compensate for the loss of nutrients. For example - nitrogen starvation is eliminated in 2 - 3 days by spraying with urea or infusion of mullein, diluted 1/10. This saves the plant from the beginning of the spread of the fungus on the leaves and increases the defenses.

Of organic fertilizers, than to feed grapes while pouring berries or in August, the most effective substance is wood ash and cattle or horse manure.

Manure is used rotted or in the form of compost. In the spring, an aqueous solution of mullein is used to quickly deliver nutrition to the roots. Ash is also poured with hot water and insisted, then poured into the recesses near the roots. These fertilizers are fully sufficient for the entire fruiting season, since they decompose in the soil for a longer time and release nutrients in the area of the grape root system.

The main condition for plant nutrition is soil moisture, since soil microorganisms are involved in the decomposition of organic matter. With dry soil, their activity weakens, which affects the appearance of the plant with a lack of substances.

Spring grape care

Spring care activities include:

sanitary pruning of vines;

feeding grapes in spring is carried out with a full complex mineral fertilizer or a mixture of organics and minerals;

garter vines on a support;

soil loosening and mulching.

One main dressing of the grapes is carried out in the spring. You can choose at will or according to the availability of fertilizers:

Complex mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. These can be: nitofoska, azofoska, azophos + potassium fertilizer for grapes. You do not need to calculate dosages - they are in the instructions. If monofertilizers are used, then the amount of each substance can also be found in the description.

Infusion of mullein and superphosphate. Fresh or rotted manure is poured with water in a ratio of ¼ and insisted for a week, stirring occasionally to reduce the concentration of ammonia. Superphosphate is scattered in granules or an extract is made by pouring water over the powder. Both substances are mixed and poured into the grooves under the root, then sprinkled with earth.

Ash hood - 300 g per bucket of water. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied by foliar method so as not to mix ash with nitrogen, which neutralizes it.

Fertilizers are applied after pruning, and the sanitary cleaning itself and the formation of the bush is carried out 2 - 3 weeks before bud break. Cuttings that have been stocked with nutrients since autumn can be successfully rooted by immersing them in a solution with organic matter or root formation stimulants. By the fall, they will be ready to disembark.

Top dressing of grapes in summer

In the first half of summer, grapes are fed with complex mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen. But nitrogen is no longer required as much as in the spring, so it is worth buying another composition, where it is less in relation to the potassium-phosphorus elements.

How to feed grapes in summer during ripening:

superphosphate- contains, in addition to phosphorus, calcium and 8% nitrogen, you can add potassium sulfate;

ash- potassium and phosphorus, trace elements- sulfur, magnesium, boron, zinc, calcium;

extraction from manure- foliar feeding or under the root plus superphosphate in granules;

green manure- watering at the root.

Top dressing of grapes in June stimulates the formation of dense clusters with a lot of berries. A lack of potassium at this stage will reduce the potential size and quantity of the berries.

Foliar dressing of grapes in July copper sulfate in a diluted concentration will help preserve the harvest. At the time of the ripening of the berries, the grapes consume a large amount of nutrients from the soil and weaken, as a result of which fungal diseases can begin, which the grapes have little resistance to.

In summer, you can feed young grapes for growth. The seedlings must form a powerful root system, for this, fertilizers are applied 20-30 cm deeper. If this is not done, the roots develop superficially and will die during a frosty winter.

Fertilization of grapes in August is a stimulation of late varieties that ripen at this time. Nitrogen-free potash-phosphorus blends are the best choice as they give the plant energy to store sugar in the berries.

It is this nuance that stops summer residents of the northern regions from cultivating vineyards in their plots - a lack of light, heat and potassium, as well as night temperature drops, at which the root system becomes vulnerable and poorly supplies food to plant tissues.

Autumn activities to prepare grapes for winter

Top dressing of late varieties of grapes occurs in the autumn months - September and October. Accordingly, the timing of pruning, which is carried out 2 - 3 weeks after the foliage is dropped, is shifted. The main working substances for the full ripening of berries are potassium and phosphorus, as well as trace elements.

In autumn, the plant gives up all the nutrients to the brush, the vegetative organs weaken and begin to hurt. Top dressing of grapes in August-September reduces the risk of damage to the crop by downy mildew or other fungal infections.

To quickly deliver food to the grape bunches, fertilizers are applied in liquid form - ash solutions, superphosphate extract, potassium dressing.

Long-lasting fertilizers such as phosphate rock and bone meal are applied in the fall. Their decomposition takes time and a slightly acidic environment in the soil, since in their chemical composition they contain alkaline elements - phosphorus and calcium. If the soil is neutral, such fertilizers will not be beneficial.

Features of autumn pruning vines

You need to start pruning in the fall when the sap flow through the tissues stops so that the plant does not lose minerals.

Among winegrowers, there is the concept of the "weeping vine". This phenomenon occurs when the shoots are cut too early. The procedure is harmful to the plant, since a focus of infection can form at the site of the cuts.

Important! The pruning procedure is carried out after dropping the foliage after 2 weeks

The bushes are formed in different ways - by the standard method, leaving two strong shoots on the so-called "sleeves" or cut closer to the ground - for covering varieties.

Construction of a shelter for a vineyard for the winter

After making the obligatory portion of fertilizer for grapes in August or September (in the southern regions even later) in the form of a complex mixture or organic matter, you can begin to prepare the covering varieties for wintering.

Before sheltering, you need to water the soil under the grapes abundantly in order to moisten the soil to the depth of the roots. it about 200 l for each adult plant. This is necessary to warm the soil in winter - the water rises in the form of vapor and thus heats the roots.

To do this, a small mound of earth is built near the root collar, on which boards, slate and special material are laid on top. You can use the material from which bags for sugar are sewn - it breathes well and does not accumulate moisture.

The above-ground part is also wrapped up and the fabric is pressed to the ground with stones. When covering with a layer of soil, it is necessary to organize an air layer between the shoots and the covering layer so that the plant does not push and does not lose its growth buds. Before closing, some gardeners practice whitewashing the vine with lime to prevent mold from forming.

Scientists have found that grapes are unpretentious in choosing the soil, any, except for salt marshes and marshes, is suitable for it. For his own growth, he does not particularly need fertile land, he feels great both on rocky and sandy soil. But if we want to grow a vine that gives a high yield, we will have to feed it throughout the growing season.

Menu for grapes

Grapes are woody perennial liana of the grape family. Shoots of grapes - vines - can reach a length of several meters. They are excellent climbers: clutching branches, partitions, ledges with their tenacious antennae, they easily climb onto tree crowns, gazebo roofs, arches and other buildings. Fruits - juicy berries of pleasant sweet and sour taste - are collected in an appetizing bunch.

The history of the emergence of grapes is rooted in the past for many millennia, and it does not matter who and when was the first to discover this wonderful creation of nature, it is important that it has come down to us, multiplied many times by wonderful varieties and pleases with the splendor of choice and taste.

Bunches of grapes, nurtured by the sun and caring hands, delight with great taste

"There is no greater pleasure in the world than to feel the scent of a blossoming vineyard ..."
Pliny the elder
Collection of quotes

Top dressing of grapes begins with the diapers. The planting pit is filled with a soil mixture well fertilized with organic matter and minerals in such a way that the young bush has enough nutrition for the next year or two. Introduced:

1-2 buckets of humus or rotted manure;
200 g of superphosphate and 150 g of potassium sulfate (or 1 liter of ash).

Then you can start root and foliar feeding. For good nutrition of grape bushes, inorganic and organic fertilizers are used.

Mineral fertilizers

Inorganic, or mineral, fertilizers are:

Some of the mineral fertilizers are especially important for grapes.

Potassium

No matter how tasty we feed our grapes, if potassium is not on the menu, the vine will demand it, because potassium:

Azofoska is a complex fertilizer, which includes the most important elements in the proportions necessary for the plant, necessary for the grapes to get a good harvest and the life support of the bush:

Fertilizer is used in two ways:

direct introduction of dry matter into the soil;
pouring the solution to the roots through drainage pipes or trenches.

Urea (carbamide) is one of the main nitrogen mineral fertilizers necessary for grapes, it contributes to:

Boron

Boron deficiency has a negative effect on the formation of grape pollen, which impairs the fertilization of the ovaries. Even a simple foliar dressing of grapes with boron before flowering can increase the yield by 20-25%. Boron and boron-containing substances:

help the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds;
increase the content of chlorophyll in the leaf;
improve metabolic processes.

Important! An excess of boron is even more harmful than a deficiency, which means that when preparing a solution, it is necessary to carefully calculate the doses according to the instructions.

Boron deficiency leads to a deterioration in the formation of grape ovaries

Organic fertilizers

During the entire growing season, in addition to inorganic fertilizers, it is possible and necessary to feed the grapes with organic matter. Inorganic and organic fertilizers have their fans and opponents, therefore, dear reader, it is up to you and only you to decide what to give preference to. Or maybe find a middle ground - use organic matter as "snacks" between the main dressings? Moreover, we have a wide choice.

Manure

It is a waste product of livestock, containing a lot of useful substances:

nitrogen,
potassium,
phosphorus,
calcium.

Horse manure is considered the best, followed by cow, or mullein... Before using this organic fertilizer, you need to let it peel (it goes to fertilize the soil around the bush) or prepare the infusion (for watering around the roots) in this way:

The grapes are fed with mullein infusion through drainage pipes or trenches once every two weeks, combined with watering.

Bird droppings are a waste product of birds, an equally valuable organic fertilizer. It can be composted or used as an infusion. The procedure for preparing the infusion:

Infusion of bird droppings is poured through drainage pipes or into trenches between the main dressings, combining with watering once every two weeks.

For feeding with manure and poultry manure infusions, we choose one thing or alternate so as not to overfeed the plant.

Wood ash

Wood ash is an ideal food for grapes, it contains:

approximately 10% magnesium and phosphorus;
about 20% potassium;
up to 40% calcium;
sodium, magnesium, silicon.

When dry, it significantly improves both the mechanical and chemical composition of the soil, alkalizing it. On heavy soils, ash is brought in for digging in autumn and spring, and on light sandy soils - only in spring. Application rate - 100-200 g per 1 sq. m.

It should be noted that ash is not used simultaneously with nitrogen fertilizers, since it contributes to the "volatilization" of nitrogen, so for grapes we will apply foliar feeding with ash infusion. It is done like this:

Wood ash is poured with water in a 1: 2 ratio.
Insist for several days, stirring regularly.
Then it is filtered and added to each liter of the mother liquor 2 liters of water.

Ash infusion is sprayed on plants between the main dressings.

For grapes, foliar feeding with ash infusion is used

Eggshell

Eggshells are also organic fertilizers. It is almost entirely (94%) composed of calcium carbonate. Fertilizer from it is prepared as follows:

Crushed eggshells are used to deoxidize the soil around the grapes as needed at the rate of 0.5 kg of powder per 1 sq. m.

An excellent organic fertilizer is herbal infusion. To prepare it, you will need a large container. The infusion is made in this way:

The remnants of the grass are laid in a compost heap, after decomposition, grass compost will turn out from it, and the infusion is used for root and foliar dressing at the rate of 1 liter of infusion for 10 liters of water. Root dressing is combined with watering, foliar dressing is carried out between the main spraying on the leaf.

Yeast infusion

Yeast infusion will be a good addition to the grape menu. This fertilizer is completely safe for humans and plants. Yeast contains:

Saccharomycete fungi,
B vitamins,
proteins,
carbohydrates,
trace elements.

To prepare the yeast infusion you need:

Pour bread crumbs into the bucket - about a quarter of the volume.
Add 2-3 tablespoons of sugar and 50 g of raw baker's yeast.
Cover with water, leaving room for fermentation.
Insist in a warm place until bread kvass is obtained.

The working solution is made at the rate of 1 liter of infusion for 10 water. Top dressing is combined with watering.

Video: do-it-yourself organic fertilizer for grapes

Top dressing of grapes by timing

During the growing season, 7 dressings of grapes are carried out, of which two are foliar... Doses and timing of fertilization are shown in the table below.

Spring root dressing

As soon as the buds begin to swell on the vine, spring root feeding is carried out with a complex of mineral fertilizers, which includes:

ammonium nitrate or urea,
superphosphate,
potassium salt.

Fertilization is necessary for grapes to replenish the supply of nutrients after a dormant period. All solutions of mineral fertilizers are made in accordance with the attached instructions. Feeding is carried out in this way:

Top dressing before flowering

The second time we feed the grapes in the third decade of May before the beginning of flowering at the root, using the same composition as for the first feeding, but with a lower dosage of fertilizers and per leaf. This will improve pollination, will contribute to the enlargement of the bunch.

Top dressing to improve the ripening of berries

For the third time, we apply fertilizer under the root, consisting of superphosphate and potassium salt, before ripening the berries, which will increase their sugar content and accelerate ripening. We do not add nitrogen to this top dressing, so that the vine has time to mature well and become woody... On small berries we carry out foliar spraying with a complex mineral fertilizer.

Superphosphate is used during the ripening of grapes

Fertilizing after harvest

After harvesting, the bushes must be fed with potassium sulfate and superphosphate to replenish the supply of nutrients and increase the plant's winter hardiness. In addition, once every 3 years in late autumn, humus or compost based on bird droppings, manure, plant residues is introduced into the hole for digging (at the rate of 1-2 buckets per square meter). This improves the chemical and mechanical composition of the soil.

Once every 3 years in late autumn, 1-2 buckets of humus are introduced into the hole for digging

Foliar dressing

In addition to root dressings, we carry out two foliar dressings, one 2-3 days before flowering, the other on small ovaries. Foliar dressing is carried out in dry, calm weather at sunset, so that the solution remains wet on the leaf longer. Plants can be treated during the day if it is cloudy.

Not all growers consider foliar dressing to be very effective, but they are in no hurry to abandon them, using it as an additional feeding in tank mixtures when treating a vineyard against various diseases.

What does foliar feeding give? I believe that when spraying a plant, nutrients are absorbed by the leaf in a few minutes, which means that the grapes will receive nutrition several times faster. This method is good in case of emergency treatment of a weakened bush.

Table: feeding scheme and the approximate amount of fertilizers per 1 grape bush

Top dressing	When is it	Fertilizer	Target	Mode of application
1st root	With swelling of the kidneys	20 g of ammonium nitrate; 20 g superphosphate; 20 g of potassium sulfate or 60 g of azophoska	Replenishment of nutrients substances after a dormant period
2nd root	One week before flowering	15 g of ammonium nitrate; 15 g superphosphate; 15 g of potassium sulfate; or 45 g of azofoska	Supports vigorous growth shoots, reduces shedding ovary, nourishes the bush	Buried in the ground around the bush or dissolved in 10 liters of water and poured through drainage pipes
1st foliar	2-3 days before flowering	Usually combined with spraying bushes with fungicides. For 10 liters of water: 10–20 g of boric acid; 2-3 g of copper sulfate; 23 g of ferrous sulfate	Improves pollination, reduces shedding of the ovary, promotes enlargement of the brush	Spraying on sheet by sheet in the evening
2nd foliar	After flowering by small peas	30-40 g of urea; 10-15 g of ferrous sulfate; 1 g of potassium permanganate; 20 g citric acid	Prevents chlorosis of grapes and paralysis of the ridges	Spraying on sheet by sheet in the evening
3rd root	1-2 weeks before ripening	20 g superphosphate; 15g potassium salt; 1 tbsp. spoon of potassium magnesium	Prevents cracking berries, improves their taste quality, speeds up a little maturation	Dissolves in 10 liters of water and is poured through drainage pipes
4th root	After harvest	20-30 g of potassium sulfate; 30-40g superphosphate	Improves the ripening of shoots	Dissolves in 10 l of water and poured through drainage pipes
Autumn	Once every 2-3 years	1-2 buckets of humus per 1 sq. m	Nourishes the soil around the bush improves its chemical and mechanical composition	Introduced under digging

Video: how and what to properly fertilize grapes

Top dressing of grapes is an important element in the development of a bush and a guarantee of good fruiting. Observe the processing times, apply fertilizers correctly, and the vine will certainly thank you with a generous harvest.

Top dressing of grape seedlings is important for good fruiting. Having made the necessary top dressing during planting, in the coming 3-4 years you can do without top dressing. But adult bushes need fertilization.

Fertilizing grapes plays an important role in their cultivation.

The value of feeding for grape seedlings

Vine bushes thrive on nutrient-rich soil. But every year the soil becomes poorer and, if you do not feed it, you will get depletion. Such conditions do not support the plant's immunity, grapes develop poorly, get sick from drought and frost.

There is a version that having fed the grapes with fertilizers several times, it will come to life. But it is important to know what needs to be applied to the soil for good grape growth and in what period. The need of a culture for vitamins, microelements varies, depending on the stage of development.

The importance of trace elements for the proper development of the grape bush is enormous. Without top dressing, the bush will be weak and may die or its development and fruiting will be at the lowest level. Top dressing is important when planting young seedlings.

Correct fertilization of young seedlings guarantees good yields

Influence of trace elements for the development of grapes

Anyone who wants to have high yields must understand the influence on the culture of various microelements, at what stage they are needed and how they should be correctly introduced into the ground. The plant consumes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen from the soil. But the trace elements as a result of the dissolution of inorganic salts. By introducing trace elements into the soil, under the influence of sunlight, complex chemical reactions occur, due to which organic substances are created, such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates.

If there is a deficiency of an element, the grapes begin to absorb this substance or the like from the ground. But substances similar in properties can be harmful. So, with a lack of calcium, the plant will take cesium from the soil, with a deficiency of calcium, harmful strontium is absorbed.

Here is a list of the nutrients you need:

Nitrogen promotes the growth of greenery (leaves, shoots). Therefore, most of the nitrogen fertilization is applied in the spring (March, April). Usually a month before kidney formation. In the summer, the need for nitrogen decreases. It is important that in August, the introduction of nitrogen is harmful to the bush, since the greenery will begin to grow rapidly. This will greatly interfere with the maturation of the wood. A large amount of nitrogen is found in urea and ammonium nitrate.
Phosphorus is very useful for grapes in the early stages of flowering. By adding phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphates), the inflorescences develop well, the berries are tied and the bunches ripen. More phosphorus supplements are introduced during the ripening period of the bunches. At this stage, the crop's need for potassium increases, which is able to be deposited in the bark of the vine and after fruiting.
Potassium is brought in in the fall. Potassium chloride is most suitable for grapes, which is able to activate the ripening of the vine, improve the quality of the bunches. Potassium chloride perfectly prepares the culture for the winter period.
By consuming top dressing, the activity of the light chestnut soil improves. Applying nitrogen and potassium in the spring at a dosage of 150 kg. per hectare, the number of bacteria and fungi increases significantly. This contributes to normal conditions for the life of microorganisms, which leads to an increase in yield
Copper increases the resistance of shoots to frost and drought, activates their growth.
Boric acid introduced into the soil increases the sugar content of the fruits and accelerates their ripening. It is important to know that boron improves pollen germination.
Fertilizing grapes with zinc significantly improves fertility.

Copper fertilizers stimulate growth and protect against frost

Top dressing when planting grape seedlings

A pit for planting grapes is usually made 25-30 cm deep. But if you apply top dressing during planting, a hole is dug 55 cm deep and deeper.

the hole is needed to create a fertile pillow.

They do it like this:

mix the earth with top dressing and put it on the bottom of the pit;
sprinkle on top with clean earth so that there is no burn of the roots;
plant a stalk.

When digging a hole for grape seedlings, it is advisable to sort the soil: discard good fertile soil on one side, clay on the other. It is useful to loosen the bottom of the pit with a pitchfork. As a fertilizer, take 200 grams or a glass of superphosphate and 150 grams of potassium sulfate. The use of potassium chloride is recommended in the fall. Mineral dressing is replaced by one liter of ash. After fertilizing the bottom, a bucket of fertile soil is added and it all mixes well.

Fertilizer can be compost or humus (1-2 buckets). But you should not bring in not rotted manure, because it secretes certain substances that can inhibit the growth of roots, sometimes this leads to death if there are severe root burns.

After the soil has been mixed with fertilizer, clean fertile soil is introduced from the heap, a seedling is inserted, and from above you can fill it with clay soil.

After such a planting, you can not fertilize the seedlings for three years. But rarely does anyone follow this advice. Usually, winegrowers have a desire to influence the growth of a crop in order to have an early and high yield.

A properly fertilized grape seedling does not require feeding for the next three years

Top dressing of grapes foliar

Top dressing of grape seedlings and an adult bush can be done through the leaves. In this way, useful substances are very well absorbed. This allows the grapes to develop more intensively and bear fruit to the maximum. Fortified grapes withstand winter frosts much better.

Regardless of the fertilizer applied to the soil, spraying the leaves with a solution of trace elements is carried out as follows:

The first time is before flowering to prevent shedding.
The second time is after the flowering period for a better ovary.
The third time is when the fruits ripen.

When processing for the second and third time, do not use fertilizers with nitrogen.

For these dressings, organic fertilizers are used, which are commercially available.

You can make top dressing yourself by mixing the ash with an infusion of different herbs, which you managed to ferment.

It is necessary to carry out top dressing on days when there is no wind, in the morning or in the evening. If during the daytime, only on cloudy days. When processing in the hot sun, the plant can get burned, because the solution settles on the leaves in droplets. It is useful to add three tablespoons of sugar to such a solution.

The first feeding is carried out before the flowering of the vine.

Fertilizing young grapes

If, when planting seedlings, fertilizers were not applied, they are fed during the growing season. Doses are set, taking into account the grape variety and its characteristics, the type of soil.

The value of feeding is the enrichment of the soil with useful substances.

With clay soil, potash is added to the location of the root system. You can apply superphosphate by mixing with organic feed. Having light sandy soils with low absorption capacity, superphosphate is added to a depth of 20-25 cm.

If the grapes belong to an uncovered variety, it is advisable to carry out top dressing in the autumn-winter time. Covering grape varieties are best fertilized after the shelter process for the winter or in the spring before opening.

The introduction of nitrogen fertilizers often depends on their type, climate, soil. Fertilization with urea can be produced with different types of soil. Nitrate types of nitrogen fertilizing are used in the spring period: March, April. But, if the plant develops poorly, you can feed it before flowering.

In the spring, it is useful to fertilize grapes with phosphorus dressing. If they are applied in the fall, some substances will turn into a hard-to-reach consistency for the plant. Using them together with organic fertilizers, you can feed non-covering varieties in the fall. And for covering vineyards, apply phosphorus fertilizers only in early spring, after opening the bushes.

Potash is best mixed with phosphorus fertilizers. It is important that the period of their introduction is the same. At what interval and to apply depends on the capacity of nutrients in the ground.

It is better to consume organic substances in autumn or winter, but at least once every 3-5 years. Organic fertilizers (peat, manure, composts) are rich in minerals. It is important that they are able to increase the humus content in the earth and increase the water and physical quality of the earth.

The more actively the grape grows, the more its need for mineral fertilizers increases. Therefore, competent feeding of grapes activates development and increases fruiting.

Grapes are a valuable gift of nature to us, people. Great-tasting and very healthy berry has brought us joy and health for many centuries. To get a rich and high-quality grape harvest every year, it is necessary to provide decent care for the plant, one of the necessary conditions for which is periodic feeding with both mineral fertilizers and organic matter. In this article, we will tell you about what you can feed grapes in the spring.

Fertilizing grapes in the spring is the key to a good harvest in the fall, so this matter must be taken with full responsibility. The main goal of feeding grapes is to saturate the soil with substances and microelements necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant. Let's take a closer look:

Phosphorus is most important during the flowering period to obtain more ovaries;
Zinc affects the yields of grape plants, the so-called crop stimulant;
Nitrogen is essential for the formation of healthy shoots and leaves;
Boron is added so that the berry is sweet;
Copper will protect the vine from drought and frost;
Potassium is added to accelerate the ripening of the fruit.

We have decided on the beneficial substances for grapes, now we will figure out what fertilizers all this contains, when and how they are introduced into the soil.

Fertilizers for feeding grapes in spring

Novice winegrowers often have a question: "How to fertilize grapes?" For this, both mineral fertilizers and organic matter are used. Of the latter, the following are very effective:

Manure is an indispensable tool for grapes that can replace all the fertilizers that exist in the world taken together. It contains absolutely everything necessary for the growth and fruiting of a plant;
Chicken droppings are an excellent folk feeding method that promotes the development of the vines. In composition, it is similar to manure, however, it must be diluted with water before being introduced into the ground due to its high toxicity;
Compost is an excellent spring top dressing, which is very easy to prepare, and the grapes really like it;
Mulch - improves soil composition, air and water balance, saturates with all nutrients;
Siderata - equal to manure, restore the structure of the soil and nourish with all the necessary elements;
Ash is a very valuable organic fertilizer that nourishes and heals grapes at the same time.

But for more complete top dressing of the vine in combination with organic substances, mineral fertilizers are used. With the use of chemicals, you need to be extremely careful - non-compliance with the ratios of the components can adversely affect the vineyard or even lead to its death.

When to fertilize in spring

The first feeding is done in April, when the grapes are still sheltered from the winter cold. The region where the vineyard grows should be taken into account - the further south the area, the earlier fertilization is applied.

The second falls in May, about two weeks before the beginning of flowering of the vine.

The third top dressing is when the grapes have reached the size of peas. During this time, the grapes most of all need additional nutrients for the ripening of the fruit.

The fourth feeding is carried out at the beginning of the ripening of the berries.

Fertilizer is applied in special holes - grooves, which are made around bushes 1 m in diameter and 40 cm deep. The solution is distributed evenly into these holes.

Organic fertilizing

It is good to feed the grapes with slurry, which is prepared like this: a bucket of manure is dissolved in 3 buckets of water and fermented for several days. Then the resulting solution is once again diluted with water (1:10) and the plant is watered.

If there is no manure, then compost can be used. It is easy to prepare it in your garden. To do this, allocate a place somewhere in the corner near the fence and put all organic waste (sawdust, grass, leaves, potato peelings, etc.) there. until you get a bunch of two meters high. Don't forget to water it with water. Waste can be mixed with lime.

An excellent fertilizer not only for vines - chicken droppings. Before use, it is diluted with water (1: 2) and insisted for a couple of weeks. The bushes are watered, diluted with water again, only in a ratio of 1: 5. One bush will take half a liter of the resulting fertilizer.

Wood ash or sunflower seed husk ash can be used. To do this, it is mixed with water 1: 2 and stirring from time to time, left for 2-3 days. After filtering and adding three more parts of water. Such a solution will not easily feed young grapes, and when sprayed, it will also protect it from fungal diseases.

We feed with minerals

In the spring, single-component mineral substances (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium salt and potassium chloride) and ready-made complex fertilizers (Kemira, Aquarin, Novofert, etc.) are used as fertilizers for the vine.

At the first top dressing, such a mixture is used - dry potash fertilizers 30 g, superphosphate 40 grams and nitrogen the same amount are introduced into the pits where the grape bushes hibernated, sprinkled with earth. There are special preparations for feeding, for example, "Solution". It is diluted with water according to the instructions and introduced into the wells, after having poured a bucket of water there. After fertilizing, pour a bucket of water again.

For the second feeding, such a composition is suitable - 30 g of potash fertilizer. 40 - nitrogen and 50 - superphosphate are diluted with water. It is good to combine such fertilizer with organic matter - a solution of cow dung or chicken manure, and if you use both together, then you can add 2 times less mineral fertilizers.

During the third feeding, complex fertilizers are used - 30 grams of fertilizer per bucket of water.

For the fourth time, the vine is "fed" exclusively with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Potash "chemistry" can be replaced with ash.

A traditional nutrient solution is made as follows: for watering one plant, 5 grams of potassium salt, 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 20 grams of superphosphate are taken.

You will get the best effect if you alternate organic matter with mineral fertilizers.

Additional fertilizing of the vineyard

For additional feeding of grape bushes in the spring, a special trench is dug half a meter deep, 0.8 meters wide. The trench is placed either in front of the vine rows or behind. 4 buckets of humus or manure are added to it, which is then mixed with the earth, and humus is thrown on top again and the dug ditch is leveled with the remaining earth. Such recharge lasts for several years.

Foliar dressing

Foliar additions to the root spring dressing of grape bushes are. Useful substances enter the plant not only through the root system, but also through the leaves. Such dressings are carried out by spraying through a sprayer. For spraying, you can use a solution of urea (40 grams), citric acid (20 grams), boric acid (15 grams), ferrous sulfate (1 gram) in water (10 liters). Plants are sprayed before and after flowering.

If you are reluctant to prepare such a solution for foliar dressing yourself, you can use ready-made preparations such as "Kemira" and others. Each preparation is suitable for dressing at different periods of the plant's growing season. A solution based on wood ash is perfect for spraying, as mentioned above.

Fertilizing with iron vitriol is very important for grape bushes in that it not only saturates the plants with the iron they need for growth, but also protects against diseases, and the buds of the plant during frosts.

It is advisable to carry out foliar dressing on a cloudy, windless day.

Top dressing of grapes when planting

Before planting grapes in the spring, a mixture of fertilizers prepared in a separate container must be introduced into the soil: 10 kg of rotted cow manure is mixed with 200 grams of superphosphate and 250 grams of wood ash. This proportion of components is calculated for 1 sq. m.

Or here's another option for a nutrient mixture during planting: a hole for a grape bush is filled with peat - 30 kg or 20 kg of compost and rotted manure, 200-300 grams of superphosphate, 40 grams of potassium chloride, 100-150 grams of potash fertilizer and a couple of kg of wood ash ... In poor soil, it is recommended to increase the amount of manure applied to 3 buckets.

When digging a hole for planting, the fertile layer is removed from above and folded to the side, then the remaining soil is selected and placed separately from the top layer. All of the above components of the first or second option are put into the pit, after having thoroughly mixed it with a special nutrient soil prepared in advance, adding coarse sand and crushed rubble to the second part of the earth dug from the landing pit. After planting, the bush is sprinkled with the first part dug from the planting hole of the earth.

After planting, the soil around the plant can be sprinkled with wood chips, chopped straw and rotted manure. They will play the role of mulch.

Young bushes of the second year of life in May, along with organic matter, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Grapes are considered an unpretentious plant, however, for proper growth and a good harvest, it is necessary to feed grape seedlings in the first stages of its growth, so that in the future the berries are juicy and tasty.

Fertilizers

In order for the feeding of the grapes to be correct, you need to know which elements the plant needs most. Which fertilizers should be applied at the root and which should be used for spraying the leaves.

Nitrogen fertilizers for grapes

Nitrogen helps the leaves and shoots grow quickly and without problems. Most of the fertilizers containing nitrogen are applied in spring, when the growing season is just beginning. It should be noted that it is not possible to add nitrogen-containing substances in August and autumn. This can interfere with the maturation of the plant's wood.

The most popular nitrogen based fertilizers are:

Urea. It consists of 46% pure nitrogen. Urea is used both as foliar and root dressing of grapes. Due to the large amount of nitrogen in the composition, it can only be applied several years after planting. In order not to harm the plant, you need to dilute up to fifty grams of fertilizer per liter of water and add it to the soil.
Ammonium nitrate. It is best to use the substance during flowering. Fertilizing the grapes while pouring the berries is not recommended. This can affect the quality of the berries. Ammonium nitrate is best sprinkled on slightly damp soil around the bush.

Potash fertilizers for grapes

Potassium is another important trace element that is necessary for the full development of a plant. It accelerates the growth and ripening of the plant's berries. Nutrients consisting of potassium are great for feeding grapes in the fall, as such fertilizers prepare the plant well for the cold weather.

Grapes are one of the crops that consume the most potassium from the soil, so you can feed the soil annually.

Potassium sulfate. For good results, it is best to use this foliar application during the final stage of growth. The average amount of the substance that is needed is 20 grams per 10 liters of water; 40 grams of superphosphate must be added to the bucket. It neutralizes acidity.
Potassium chloride. Contains 50% to 60% potassium. It is best to add lime to this fertilizer to neutralize acidity. Potassium Chloride can be used in tandem with any trace element and nutrient other than urea.

Phosphate fertilizers for grapes

Phosphorus is one of the three most essential components for garden crops. It is an excellent solution for feeding young grapes in the early stages of growth and flowering. Due to the phosphorus base, flowers and berries develop much faster and better.

Superphosphate. Contains up to 20% phosphorus in its composition and gypsum. Suitable for all types of soils, however, acidic ones must first be calcified or lime must be added to the fertilizer solution. You need to apply superphosphate after the beginning of flowering. This will help the fruit develop better during the ripening period.
Double superphosphate. It consists of 50% phosphoric acid, but does not contain gypsum. It is used in the same way as simple superphosphate.

Complex and compound fertilizers

Complex nutrients are made up of two or more elements.

Azofoska. It is a combination of three main macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is found in two types - dry and dissolved. The first one must be brought under the bush. The amount of the substance is up to sixty grams per plant. It can be used only during the warm season. The liquid form consists of two tablespoons of azofoska, diluted in one bucket of water, the solution must be poured under the root.
Bischofite. A complex fertilizer containing magnesium, boron, iodine and bromine. In total, more than ten components. It is used for foliar feeding of grapes. It is necessary to dissolve ten liters of water in 150 milliliters of bishal, but in order not to damage the plant, the dosage can be reduced by almost half. This tool is used as a boron fertilization of grapes. In terms of quantity, this element in bischofite takes the second place, in the first place is magnesium.

Organic fertilization

Top dressing of grapes ash- perfect solution. It is best to use only woody ones. Ashes after burning coal are not used at all as fertilizer; they contain toxins that are harmful to plants.

The ash of the tree has a large amount of micronutrients that are beneficial to the plant. For example, magnesium, boron, potassium and phosphorus. It can be used as a regulator of the acidity level for soil.

Other organic fertilizer - bird droppings... It helps to almost double the fertility and speed up the ripening process for several weeks.

To understand how to feed grapes with chicken droppings, you need to remember an important rule: before applying such fertilizer, you need to prepare a special nutrient solution for the plant. Fresh droppings can irritate the soil and shoots.

For 20 liters of water, about 1 kilogram of droppings are needed, the solution must be infused for two weeks. Fertilizer should be applied at a short distance from the bush in small portions into holes, up to 35 centimeters deep. For full fertilization of the plant, two buckets are enough.

Folk remedies for fertilizing grapes

One of the most effective remedies is yeast feeding. The recipe is quite simple:

One gram of dry baker's yeast must be dissolved in one liter of slightly warmed up water, add a teaspoon of sugar, mix thoroughly until completely dissolved. The mixture should be infused for a couple of hours. Before fertilizing the plants, dilute one liter of the finished solution with five liters of clean water.
Dilute fifty grams of live yeast in a liter of slightly warmed water, let it brew a little. It is also necessary to dilute the fertilizer with five liters of water before watering.

Microfertilizers

In addition to the three main elements in the composition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, for full growth and good yields, grapes also need other trace elements: boron, magnesium, zinc and others.

Microfertilizers are one of the most popular fertilizers. There are a huge number of them. For example, potassium magnesium, which contains 28% potassium, 18% magnesium and about 16% sulfur.

Microfertilizers also include copper fertilizers, which are used for foliar feeding.

One gram of the substance is enough to spray one bush. It should be entered no more than once every four years.

Root dressing scheme for grapes

To properly feed, you need to know the dosage and timing. It is better to add less than randomly fill in useless and sometimes harmful substances.

Spring feeding of grapes is considered the most important stage. It helps bushes to recover from frost and stimulates fertility.

Top dressing methods

Separate root and foliar feeding. They differ in the way they are introduced. In the first case, nutrients must be poured or placed under the bush for the best effect. The second can be considered an auxiliary stage. Foliar dressing helps the plant to develop correctly, stimulates the growth of shoots and ovaries, and increases yields.

Foliar dressing

If the grapes are planted in soil that is saturated with trace elements, then for the first three years it does not need to be fertilized, since the plant will feed on substances from the soil. Foliar dressing contributes to the development and improvement of productivity. The first time the leaves should be processed before flowering, the second time after flowering, and the third time during the maturation of the brushes. Foliar feeding of grapes is carried out regardless of the amount and type of fertilizers that are applied to the root system of the plant.

To know exactly how to feed your grapes, you need to start from the type of soil and the age of the plant. The most important elements are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Almost all fertilizers contain them. Boron, magnesium, zinc and iodine are also needed for proper growth. Thanks to the ability to properly and timely feed the grapes, you can get juicy and tasty fruits.