Do-it-yourself ceiling filter for a spray booth. Spray booth with dry filter how to choose? How long do filters last in a dry booth?

In order to ensure safe operation in the spray booth and at the output to obtain high quality coatings in such facilities, a system of dry air mass filtration is used. By removing and filtering harmful fumes and residual paint particles, you will ensure a high level of fire safety and environmental friendliness. And even if the system has filtration in the form of a water curtain, in any case, you will not be able to refuse dry filters for the spray booth. We will talk about their features and types in this article.

The main task of filtering

The system of filters of various types is designed to clean the air entering the spray booth, or polluted air masses that are brought out. These structural elements are able to capture various dust compositions, remove the remains of paintwork materials, and retain harmful substances.

Here are those interfering particles that are removed using filters:

dust and small debris. They mostly come in when air is taken in from outside. As a result, upon contact with a painted body or part, they form places with defects on the coating.
residues of paint and solvents. Fine dust from paint and solvents, also with the help of air pressure inside the chamber, is usually discharged into floor channels, where it settles on special filters.
harmful vapors, including from solvents. They are dangerous to the human body, and must be removed from the working area.

Even during the drying process, it is important that absolutely clean heated air enters the chamber, otherwise dust or dirt particles falling on the surface of the car body will spoil its appearance and lead to the formation of defects.

Filtration scheme in the spray booth

The whole system can be divided by purpose:

air pre-treatment.
basic filtering.
fine air purification.

The first two types are mostly used. Elements installed in various places of the chamber are responsible for their implementation. Let's look at them in more detail.

Pre-cleaning system

Its main task is:

purification of the supply air entering the chamber.
re-purification of the air mass, if the system provides for recirculation. In this case, the air after cleaning again enters the working area.

This filtration unit may consist of pleated or cellular air filters for spray booths, which are mounted in front of the fan. The second type is pocket filters, which carry out rough air purification. The required accuracy class of the material to be cleaned with coarse filtration varies in the range G2 - G4. Coarse filters include cardboard (paper) labyrinth filters for spray booths, which have a different shape, and replacing them will not hit the booth maintenance budget much.

Basic Filtration

This is the process of removing harmful substances from the working area while the painter is working, or during the drying period of the car.

Most modern spray booths come with either a ceiling filter (single motor designs) or a ceiling and floor filter (dual motor designs). These two types of ventilation systems differ in the principle of air mass removal and filtration.

Single-motor systems operate on the principle of constant intake of fresh air from the external environment, which is supplied from ceiling ventilation systems. Due to this, a pressure difference is formed and dust clouds from paint and solvents are pressed against the floor covering, in which there are channels for bringing it out. This approach is harmful to the environment and is possible only with a small workload of the painting line.
The dual-motor system also supplies clean air through the ceiling structure, but already removes it with floor fans, after passing through filters, such as carbon type. These filters are installed in the filter boxes of household and industrial ventilation systems and are used for 100% removal of odors, toxic gases, chemical vapors, and gaseous contaminants from the incoming air. They provide the necessary sanitary and hygienic standards. Also, activated carbon filters are used in growbox systems (hydroponics), industrial hoods.

Filters should be placed over the entire area of the chamber.

Ceiling filters

Materials in rolls are used as ceiling filters. They are already the second link in the cleaning of incoming clean air and have a cleaning accuracy class of F5 - F6.

The filter itself is a fibrous material treated with an anti-flame impregnation.

Floor filters

It is the filters installed on the floor that are most contaminated. They are presented with a cleaning accuracy class G4.

There are two main types:

rolled materials like fiberglass and other.
inertial type. It works on the principle of mechanical filtration of solid large particles with sudden changes in the direction of air flow. This type of element is excellent for extracting a large volume of heavily polluted air, but does not cope well with filtering fine particles.

If you properly organize these two filtration systems, then you can forget about the frequent replacement of fine filters, which are additional pocket filters of large volumes and are mounted in the duct. Also, cassette panels are often used at the outlet of the duct, or cellular folding panels for fine aerosols inside the duct. The cleaning accuracy class of such systems is F5-F9.

If you make a filtering system yourself ...

The minimum set when designing an air purification system in a spray booth is coarse filters and a ceiling filter with a system for removing polluted air masses in the floor.

In cases with single-engine structures, some craftsmen organize a “wet floor” system, the essence of which is that running water flows into the floor, and after dust, paint and harmful fumes get on it, it is discharged into the sewerage system. In the drying mode, this type of filtration is not used, in addition, the humidity in the room may be increased.

Be sure to keep a filter replacement schedule according to the parameters specified by the camera manufacturer.

How do you filter the air in your spray booth? Looking forward to your responses in the comments below.

Paint box - a room equipped for car painting. One of the key factors affecting the usability of a spray booth is the ventilation system.
The size of the hood, directly depends on the size of the paint

In the process of painting a car, fumes toxic to the human body are released from the paint and the solvent added to it, a paint fog is formed that worsens visibility and settles on the vehicle body. The supply and exhaust system replaces the exhaust air with fresh air, providing optimal conditions for painting the car.

From this article you will learn what a hood for a spray booth is, what filters it comes with and how to calculate the ventilation yourself. We will also give instructions, following which you can equip the hood in the paint box with your own hands.

Types of ventilation systems and their comparison

Painting a car is a work accompanied by the use of toxic substances, the application technology of which requires compliance with the temperature regime and maintaining the purity of the air at a given level. The hood is not only for the safety of the painter, but also for the quality of the painting process and the polymerization of the applied coating.

The paint garage hood must meet the following requirements:

Air supply temperature during painting - 20-30 degrees, air temperature during coating drying - 50-85 degrees;
The speed of the air flow is 1.3-1.5 m / s (at excessive speed, the paint sprayed by the spray gun is carried away by the air flow, which interferes with the work);
The rate of air renewal in the box is 5-150 volumes / hour (to accurately determine the required rate, the ventilation of the production room is calculated);
The air pressure in the box is 20-30 kPa higher than the natural atmospheric pressure of the environment;
The flow injected into the chamber is clean, without dust and mechanical impurities (an air filter is used for cleaning);
The movement of the air flow - from top to bottom, or with a minimum vertical deviation.

Based on the type of ventilation, paint boxes are classified into two groups:

single-engine;
Twin-engine.

Single-engine ventilation chamber, which performs the forced injection of fresh air into the box, while the exhaust air is pumped out naturally due to the pressure difference inside and outside the chamber. The supply holes are located in the upper part of the room, the air flow entering the box precipitates the paint mist down, then the vapors enter the exhaust nozzle and are discharged outside.

In twin-engine boxes, ventilation provides forced air supply and intake from the chamber, which provides efficient circulation and a large air exchange rate.

It is rational to choose a specific type of ventilation based on the size of the box and the amount of work carried out in it. If the chamber is operated during the whole working day, and dozens of cars pass through it, it makes sense to install two-motor ventilation. In small boxes, it is advisable to use single-motor systems - productivity will be sufficient, in addition, you will save on the initial cost of equipment and subsequent maintenance.

Supply and exhaust ventilation

A type of dual-engine systems is a supply and exhaust hood, which operates in 3 operating modes:

Circulation inside the chamber - air is pumped out of the box, passes through a layer of filters and is forced back into the room. It is used when cleaning the camera before starting painting work;
Supply from the outside - the supply compressor takes air from outside the box, filters it and passes it through the heat generator, where the air is given the required temperature. The flow is fed into the chamber, after which the exhaust compressor pumps the exhaust air out. It is used in the process of painting a car to eliminate paint fog;
Recirculation with heating - the air taken from the chamber is filtered, passed through the heat generator with heating to a predetermined temperature and fed back into the box. It is used to maintain the temperature regime when drying the surface of the body after painting.

Supply and exhaust ventilation requires accurate positioning of the inlet and outlet air ducts, since if the channels are not positioned correctly in the box, "blind zones" are formed in which air does not circulate. Suspended paint particles remain in them - a paint mist, which subsequently settles on the surface of the body, which negatively affects the quality of the final coating.

The calculation of supply and exhaust ventilation consists in determining the volume of air supply that provides the air exchange rate necessary to reduce the concentration of toxic paint fumes (MAC) in the room to the standard level.

Industrial spray booth

The amount of paint evaporation depends on the type of solvent added:

The calculation of supply ventilation according to the air exchange rate is carried out according to the formula K = d*S*H, wherein:

d is the required air exchange rate of the room;
S - box area (m2);
H - box height (m).

The current regulatory documents do not contain standards for the frequency of air exchange in spray booths, however, experts recommend calculating the supply ventilation of the room based on the multiplicity of 5 (with partial painting) and 150 (with full repainting of the body).

An example of calculating air exchange in a spray booth with an area of 4 * 7 m and a height of 4 m using the multiplicity formula (taking into account the maximum value - 100) is as follows:

K \u003d 150 * 28 * 4 \u003d 16800 m 3 / hour;

Spray booth manufacturers allow for 25-30% air supply. Factory chambers of similar sizes have an air exchange of 20-25 thousand m 3 / hour (800 m 3 / hour for each m 2 of the box area).

The calculation of air exchange, which ensures the reduction of MPC to the norm, is carried out according to the formula: , wherein :

W - the amount of harmful fumes from the paint for 1 hour of work (mg / h);
Kv - MPC of vapors in the air inside the box (mg/m3);
Kp - MPC of evaporation in the supply stream (when air is taken from outside the chamber = 0).

Harmful fumes for 1 hour of work are determined by the formula: W = 1*Kv*V, where:

1 - constant;
Kv - normative MPC of the material (mg/m3 per hour);
V - box volume.

Ventilation is carried out according to the formula: U=d*V, where d is the air exchange rate, V is the volume of the box. The amount of air pumped out and injected into the chamber is always the same.

After determining the air exchange, an aerodynamic calculation of the ventilation system is carried out, during which the required cross-section of the air ducts and the air flow rate are calculated, taking into account the resistance of the filter materials.

Paint Booth Filters

The absence of dust and mechanical particles in the air supplied to the box is a factor that determines the suitability of the camera for operation, since the dirt that gets on the car body during the painting process crosses out all the efforts of the painter.

Depending on the filtering method, boxes are classified into two groups:

Dry spray booths, equipped with roll or panel filters for coarse and fine cleaning;
Spray booth with a water curtain - when supplied, the air flow passes through a water cascade or reservoir with an irrigation system. Water filtration in them replaces the primary coarse filter.

Filters for spray booths according to their functional purpose are classified into:

Coarse cleaning - mounted on the external air duct of the supply ventilation, cleans the flow from large mechanical particles;
Fine cleaning - installed on the ceiling of the box or on the internal supply air duct, cleans the air from dust;
Floor filter for spray booth - installed on the exhaust fan, cleans the pumped air from toxic paint fumes.

Filters for painting chambers are consumables that become contaminated during operation, as a result of which their throughput and cleaning quality are reduced. During maintenance of the box, consumables are replaced, the frequency depends on the filter material:

Cardboard chamber filters are changed every 2 weeks;
Fiberglass - once every 40 days;
Ceiling EU5 standard - every 1000 hours;
Outdoor - every 150 hours.

Do-it-yourself supply and exhaust ventilation

The possibility of extraction is selected separately, depending on the size of the spray booth

The hood in the spray booth is equipped with your own hands upon completion of the installation of the box box. The first stage of installation is the creation of a raised subfloor and the placement of an air intake duct in it, through which air is discharged outside the chamber.

The raised floor is built up by pouring concrete into the formwork, in which grooves are provided for laying air ducts, or formed on an existing ceiling. With this approach, a grating floor 20-40 cm high is welded from reinforcing bars, an air intake is laid inside the grating and connected to an exhaust compressor.

The supply air duct box is placed on the ceiling of the chamber, a compressor is connected to it, coupled with a heat generator or electric heating elements, due to which the flow entering the chamber is heated to the required temperature.

To prevent "blind spots" along the side contours of the chamber, 8 air ducts (2 for each wall) are separated from the supply duct along the perimeter of the walls of the box, providing a horizontal air supply.

Hood safety

Spray booth - a room with a high level of fire danger. For its equipment, the use of exclusively explosion-proof ventilation units is permissible.

WATCH THE VIDEO INSTRUCTIONS

The safe operation of the box is achieved due to the following factors:

The heat exchanger that heats the supply air is equipped with a safety thermostat;
Thermal insulation of the chamber is made of fire-resistant materials - mineral or basalt wool;
The box is completed with an autonomous fire extinguishing system;
Heating heating elements of ventilation are grounded according to
The air ducts are equipped with explosion-proof valves for shutting off the air supply and check valves;
In places of accumulation of fire hazardous paint fumes (particles settle in the lower part of the box), if necessary, additional air intakes are installed.

Painting cars with your own hands is a responsible procedure that requires compliance with a number of conditions. A specialized camera for painting cars with your own hands - this option is chosen by many motorists today. The purchase of such an object will not be cheap, so some prefer to independently provide what a do-it-yourself spray booth requires - drawings, materials, assembly.

Painting a car in this way has a number of serious advantages over using an airbrush in your own garage. Due to the tightness, you can not worry about the ingress of foreign particles of dust and dirt onto the surface to be painted.

In addition, the design eliminates the occurrence of unwanted air turbulence, due to which the enamel will lie on the surface of insufficient quality, streaks, pimples and other defects are formed.

Do-it-yourself car painting

Do-it-yourself paint brushes are profitable, but you will have to work hard to build them. With a competent approach and a conscientious attitude to work, you will be able to independently build a car painting booth, which will help you avoid serious financial expenses and organize everything to your liking. Below we will look at how to make a paint booth with your own hands, and what steps are needed for this.\

First stage

Before you build a paint booth with your own hands, you need to imagine what it will look like and prepare everything you need. Draw a project on paper, where the future spray booth along with all the nodes will be shown on a scale:

room;
heat generator;
heat gun;
ventilation system.

These are the main points, each of which includes many smaller elements - doors, thermal insulation, lighting system, etc.

Spray booth room

Let's talk about the room

Before you make a spray booth with your own hands, you are looking for a suitable room. It can be a metal garage or a large workshop - the main thing is that you have the space and the ability to equip everything accordingly.

A car painting booth must have walls that will meet a number of requirements:

fire resistance;
tightness;
the ability to periodically wash;
the presence of thermal insulation.

The last point is especially important when it comes to a garage with steel walls - you will have to make them double and put a layer of basalt wool or other refractory heat-insulating material.

The room must be airtight

Be sure to pay attention to the floor - it must allow air to circulate freely. For this purpose, make a coating in the form of a multilayer lattice - in this way, normal air removal and inflow will be ensured from below.

Two doors are a mandatory requirement for fire safety. They should be easy to open to allow for emergency evacuation in the event of a fire, and sealed to prevent dust and debris from entering the room.

The dimensions of the chamber must be sufficient so that the master does not have obstacles for free movement during the work. A concrete or metal frame can be chosen as the basis. An exhaust mechanism with filters and valves is arranged under the floor surface. Think about the need for walkways to move.

Spray booth with water curtain on the doors

Lighting is important

In the process of painting cars with your own hands, one of the very important roles is played by the lighting of the room. It is necessary that it be bright enough, comfortable for the eyes, and not give shadows and highlights.

Practice shows that the most convenient option will be fluorescent fluorescent lamps - they are placed on the ceiling. To ensure that the overview of the lower part of the machine is sufficient, several oblong light sources are hung along the walls.

Daylight fluorescent lamps

An equally effective solution to the problem of lighting will be LED lamps. Lighting of this type is becoming increasingly popular due to a number of advantages that LEDs have over other options:

bright high-quality lighting;
minimal energy consumption;
low operating temperature;
reliability;
durability

Today, you can easily install LED lighting in the room - it will cost a little more, but the result is worth it.

Without providing high-quality lighting, you will not be able to fully control the painting process, which will negatively affect the final result of the work.

Proper lighting in the spray booth

Room ventilation, air purification and drying

Do-it-yourself paint brushes are built taking into account all the requirements of painting technology and safety. A key position here is occupied by competently arranged air ventilation. She is responsible for purifying the air, as well as ensuring that the mist of paint is properly deposited and removed.

Depending on which principle is used in the ventilation system of the room, two types of chambers are distinguished:

with one motor
with two motors.

In the first case, air is supplied into the room from above, and the fog settles down - the necessary pressure is applied to it. In the end, it is output through an individual channel arranged for this purpose. In the second case, one of the motors pumps air, the second sucks it out, taking it out of the chamber.

Paint booth ventilation

The design will require high-performance ceiling air filters in order to exclude the possibility of foreign particles entering the painting area. For this purpose, it is recommended to choose air filters operating in a two-phase mode - in the first phase, large types of pollution are removed, in the second - small ones. At the same time, it is important to take into account that cleaning of both incoming and outgoing air flows is necessary. Bottom-mounted filters clog faster and need to be replaced much more frequently.

The installation of filters should provide for the possibility of turbulence in the air flow with enamel particles - for this you need to correctly position them around the perimeter of the room and take into account the air pressure.

After painting, the car will need to be dried - for this a special device is arranged. As drying, a heat generator is used, which operates on an advantageous type of fuel. Some use infrared heaters for this purpose. The main requirement for drying is a uniform heat supply to avoid overheating.

Supply and exhaust ventilation in the spray booth

Some more useful information

In order to complete the interior decoration, use non-combustible materials - for example, metal. You should not choose an option such as lining, as the risk of fire increases. Depending on how correctly the finishing work is done, it will be possible to assess the degree of tightness, which is important to avoid the ingress of dust and foreign particles. Prefer smooth, easy-to-clean surfaces - this will simplify the cleaning process.

Think about the premises where inventory, paints, professional equipment, safety equipment, workwear will be stored.

The work of painting a car is facilitated by the presence of automatic process control. This, of course, will affect the cost of the entire project, but, on the other hand, you will receive a number of invaluable advantages. The automatic control panel must have a panel made of durable, reliable material. It should be easy to use, ergonomic and comfortable. Think about the possibility of a quick transition between manual and automatic modes.

Conclusion

The construction of a specialized paint booth for a car is a laborious process that will require a lot of effort and energy. You will have to monitor information about existing options and, based on them, come up with your own project - you can take any ready-made solution as a basis.

The process of working on the implementation of the project is difficult, but interesting - here you can apply your creativity, imagination and ability to cope with difficulties.

Education: secondary special. Specialty: car mechanic. Professional diagnostics, repair, maintenance of passenger cars of foreign production 2000-2015. Extensive experience with Japanese and German cars.

Thanks to the fan installed on the roof of the spray booth, a vacuum is created that provides intensive air suction from the interior of the cabin. Filter elements capture solid paint pigments, suspensions, aerosols and hold them securely on the inner surface of the filter.

The cabin of the spray booth is designed on the basis of the best technical solutions of the leading European manufacturers of spray equipment.
The cabin is equipped with high-quality spark-safe fans made in Italy, inertial cleaning filters-separators made in France.

Explosion-proof lamps made in the Czech Republic provide optimal glare-free illumination of work stations. The use of a double filtration system made of modern materials in the design makes it possible to achieve a degree of air purification up to 97%.

Uniform distribution of the air flow in the working area makes it possible to obtain coatings of higher quality. The painting booth has a progressive modular design, made of galvanized steel.

STANDARD EQUIPMENT

Galvanized Steel Camera Housing Kit
Suction system
Electrical control cabinet
Explosion-proof luminescent lamp, (Czech Republic)
Fan explosion-proof
Fastener kit (handles, bolts, nuts, etc.)
Non-woven filter kit
Set of filters-separators, made in France
Technical documentation set
Packing in a box

Height of a working zone - 2330 mm.

Case height with fan - 3200 mm.

ADDITIONAL OPTIONS

Supply plenum
Additional lamps
Fans with increased performance
Frequency regulation of fan rotation
Filter clogging control device

SPECIFICATIONS

Working area depth up to 0.37 m
Working area length, mm
Case length, mm
Hull depth, mm
Working area depth, mm
Case height, mm
Fan productivity, m3/hour
Fan power, kW

Working area depth 0.87 m
Working area depth 1.37 m
Working area depth 1.87 m
Working area depth 2.37 m

* Development of non-standard solutions at the request of the customer.