Drainage soil. How to make drainage ⛲ on the plot around the house on clay soils do it yourself

Sometimes on the plot of land where a private house is located and a person is engaged in gardening and vegetable garden, it occurs with storms, as well as thawed waters. This is a very unpleasant phenomenon for the owners, which is fraught with the laying of the foundation of the buildings and does not allow trees and other cultures. Especially problematic becomes the drying of clay soils, characterized by its density. Plants planted in such soil develop quite badly. The lack of oxygen becomes guilt. From high humidity on such soils, the foundations of the erected buildings are gradually destroyed.

How to solve this problem? Exit from this situation will be the drainage of the site with their own hands. On clay soils, he will be a complex system that includes special ditches and drains. With a large area of \u200b\u200bthe site, it will take preliminary calculations in order to determine the location of drainage trenches. To build the most efficient system, you will need to take into account the natural slopes, etc. This will facilitate the transportation of the collected drainage waters into a special well or in a reservoir nearby.

Features of clay soils

After buying a plot of land, it is recommended to determine the type of its soil. If black-earth or sandy soils are located in this area, this largely facilitates the task of avid gardens and builders engaged in the construction of a new home. Well, if the soil is on the clay site? In this case, the owner is waiting for a lot of problems. And they will begin with discomfort, which delivers sticky mud, and will end with serious economic damage. So, first of all will suffer from the lawn located near the house. Clay when drying will turn into a solid crust and will be bad to loosen. This will lead to the fact that the grass planted on the lawn will begin to wake and dried away. Well, if a period of protracted shower comes, the lawn will turn into a kind of marsh. This will lead to the roting of the root system on plants on it.

Such a problem is even more aggravated if groundwater is undergo not far from the surface of such soil. In this case, the clay retains its humidity almost constantly, hanging only in the hottest days of summer. Wet soil carries danger in winter. After all, it leads to the freezing of the soil on a greater depth, which contributes to the destruction of industrial foundations and the destruction of berries and gardens. To the one who wishes to protect their plot from such problems, the drainage of the site should be performed with their own hands on clay soils.

Preparatory work

What should the drainage of the plot be started with their own hands on clay soils? First of all, it is necessary to carefully examine the territory. It is important to pay special attention to some important points:

the quality and structure of the soil, that is, the presence and depth of clay layers;
the presence of a source that increases the degree of moisture, which can be either groundwater, or frequent precipitation;
selection of the existing conditions of the drainage system or the adoption of comprehensive measures;
preparation of a diagram or drainage plan, which reflects the order of the location of the necessary tranches and wells (the diagram should indicate such parameters as the dimensions of all elements of the system, the depth of the drainage of the soil, as well as the relative bias of this construct).

How to determine the quality and structure of the soil? To do this, it is enough to use permeability test. He is very simple, and its execution will not cause special difficulties. It will only be necessary to dig a small diameter with a depth of approximately 60 cm, and then fill it with water. The result of this test can only be obtained after a day. If during this time the water is completely absorbed into the ground, then there are no problems with its assignment on the plot. It can be safely engaged in economic activities and build a house without arranging the drainage system. But if the water in the pit was delayed at least partially, then in this case, the moisture removal system must necessarily be constructed.

After the preliminary work stage is completed, it is necessary to start concrete actions that are necessary in order to perform the drainage of the site with their own hands on clay soils. However, before implementing conceived, it should be carefully examined by existing types of similar systems. This will allow you to perform a project with maximum efficiency.

Types of water removal systems

How to make drainage on a plot with clay soil? To do this, you need to decide on its type. Similar drainage systems are classified on surface, deep and reservoir. Sometimes, an integrated method is used to increase the efficiency of removal of water from clay sections. It implies the simultaneous use of several drainage schemes at once. Consider each of them in more detail.

Surface drainage

A similar water removal scheme involves the execution of only small breaks in the ground. The surface drainage of the site is usually used in the territories having a small natural bias. From an extensive network of such shallow channels, water is removed by almost gravity.

How to make drainage on the site, if it is enough to perform a surface diagram? In such cases, testers are paired along the pedestrian paths, around the lawns, around the perimeter of the foundation of buildings, close to recreation sites, as well as in other similar places.

Surface diagram of the drainage area on clay soils is in some cases branched networks from drainage trays. In this case, the moisture is removed on plastic or concrete chutes and is collected in special wells, intended for these purposes. Next, water can be either used on economic purposes, or to remove to the disposal site.

Surface or open area drainage is the cheapest in the device.

Deep Systems

How to make a drainage of a plot on clay soil, if a large volume of water is required? In such cases, the construction of the deep system is necessary. This is at a considerable distance from the tillage surface of trenches, in which there are removal pipes that guide moisture to the waste wells.

The deep drainage of the site is several trunk channels. They are digging to a depth of 1.2 m. The width of such channels is 0.5 m. They are sent towards the catchment collector. However, this is not a complete description of the scheme of the depth drainage of the clay area. The main channels need a lining of the whole network of auxiliary in its respective waterborne trays. They can be replaced with small in size by trenches. Such a scheme will allow collecting seduction water from all over the territory.

When arranging deep drainage, you must follow one important parameter. This is a permissible distance, which is important to withstand between the elements called the drains. Under normal conditions, such a parameter should not exceed eleven meters. But the exact value of the permissible distance is chosen depending on the depth of trenches and the quality of the soil.

Compared to superficial, deep drainage is a more expensive construction. After all, it will take to use special pipes and geotextile tissues to create it.

Reservoir systems

A similar type of drainage is a variety of deep drainage. All elements of the formation system are at a considerable distance from the soil surface.

Such a drainage is used if necessary in the removal of water constantly accumulating around the foundation of the house or other structures located on the site.

How is the plastic drainage? For its structure, work is carried out on the arrangement of the branched network of the RVs, which are below the level of the heel of the foundation along its foundation. The bottom of the pv is laid out a layer of rubble. It is on them that the water is taken into the perimeter of the building with special pipe channels that have perforation. As we see, a similar scheme is quite complicated. That is why its dimensions exceed the size of the foundation itself.

Instruments

What is needed in order to proceed with the direct implementation of the moisture outlet plan from the site?

For this, you will need the following work tools:

shovels for trenche coppe;
a construction level, which will be needed in the formation of the required angle of inclination;
manual fixture (car) on which materials will be delivered to the place of work and export land;
drilling and cutting tool required for processing and cutting plastic pipes;
the twine for marking the system.

Construction material

To arrange the drainage system on the clay plot, you will need:

textile canvas, with which water filtering entering the drainage system will be carried out;
some sand and rubble, intended for the cushion device;
concrete or plastic channels that will ensure the arrangement of the surface drainage;
a set of plastic perforated pipes, the diameter of which is in the range from 100 to 110 mm required for the deep drainage;
elements of finished waterborne wells or their components;
a set that includes docking elements for pipes.

Organization of surface system

Open drainage is a tray or falling. But in fact, and in another case, this installation is performed after the markup of the area under drainage and installation in its lowest part of its water-driven well. Next, along the perimeter of the working platform, trench should be digging. Their bias should be approximately thirty degrees and be directed towards the water receiver. The drainage depth on the site is 50 cm. The trenches are digging up with a width of 0.5 to 0.6 m and are displayed to the common dance, which goes directly to the water collector.

Fucking drainage

With this type of drainage after pre-made work, fine sand uses. It is laid out on the bottom of the trench layer of 10 cm and thoroughly tram. After that, the ditches are placed in geotextiles and filled with a 2/3 large rubble and 1/3 small. From above, the system is closed by turden.

Train drainage

When it is arranged on the bottom of the dumped trenches, a small crushed stone is laid out with a ten-grant layer. Next, this material is poured with cement and immediately installed pre-prepared plastic or concrete trays, at the end of which sandcloths are fixed.

Close the system with decorative high-strength lattices.

Deep drainage system

If it is necessary to perform drainage of a plot with a high level of groundwater, the algorithm of its organization will consist of the following actions:

First of all, it is necessary to post a plot and choose the most suitable place to accommodate the water reservation. And only after that the databases are digging on the workstation, the depth of which is from 100 to 120 cm, and the width is 0.5 m. Drainage is performed on a plot with a slope of 30 degrees.
Fill in the trenches, and then the loss of the sand layer, the thickness of which is 10 cm.
To put in the ditches in advance prepared geotextiles so that the material closes their walls and went on fires.
Pour a 15-centimeter layer of rubble with a small fraction on Geeckin.
Top to crushed stone laying plastic pipes. They must be perforated down. Next tubes are connected by fittings and couplings. On the turns of the resulting drainage highways there must be audit wells. They are installed above the soil.
After that, the pipes are covered with rubble shallow fraction and closed with free edges of geotextiles.
Next, the trenches are closed with sand and soil.
Drainage pipes should be directed to the water reservation. Its function can perform any plastic container or dug up the well fixed by reinforced concrete rings.

Optional equipment

For more efficient operation of the drainage system, special pumps, viewing wells and heating cables can be installed. What is their purpose?

Thus, the drainage of a plot with a high level of groundwater will greatly relieve the pump specifically installed for these purposes. Indeed, when the water collection point is below the place of accumulation of moisture, it will be complicated. Forced movement of water will solve the problem.

The need for viewing wells occurs when driving a drainage system or its clogging of foreign objects.

The use of heating cables will prevent drainage of drainage during the winter period.

When designing and building a house, it is important to take into account the features of the soils. This refers to their composition, carrying capacity and the presence of ground and surface water. Wet soil is more prone to beagration, which leads to the deformations of the foundation. In addition to directly groundwater, which come to the foundation from the depth of the soil, the surface moisture is adversely on the design, which falls on the soil from the atmosphere.

Water removal systems

The problem of a high water level on the plot needs to be solved comprehensively. To begin with, it is important to carry out geological surveys to determine the level of groundwater and their presence in the soil. For this, a certain number of shurts are arranged, each of which measure the level of copied moisture. These data will be required further for design and drainage.

In general, two types of drainage are arranged on the site:

superficial, which is a storm sewer;
depth - to reduce groundwater levels.

The surface drainage is a system of elements through which the atmospheric water is assembled into special trays and ditch and is discharged into the nearest reservoirs, a network of storm sewage or in the soil. Water is collected from the roofs through the chute and the surface of the soil.

The depth drainage is also called the drainage system of the site. They are located under the surface of the soil and is a system of pipelines, water from which is also discharged outside the territory. Drainage of clay soil is especially important, as this soil is not able to absorb water.

Features of clay soils

With well-structured soil, water that appears in excess quantities, the surface itself is left from the surface and from the thickness of the base. Special events are needed. Clay bases are dangerous in that the surface water is unable to dig in them. In some cases, this leads to a plot wetland. This makes it difficult to use it for agricultural purposes, and also leads to a constant threat to the wetting of basements and the destruction of the foundations.

Special requirements for drainage must be installed in such cases:

For heavy clay soils. Such land is undergoing for long intervals. This is especially dangerous in regions with long precipitation.
Medium-structured soils in regions with plenty of precipitation. These are light clay and loam, which are generally able to absorb some amount of moisture.

How to make drainage on the clay plot and what materials are used for this? We will analyze this question more.

Materials

What materials are necessary for work? The main element of the drainage is a pipe. For the system use perforated tubes in which moisture from the soil is selected. The tubes are stacked under the slope and connect to the main channel. By which the water is discharged into the well or in the reservoir. In general, the diagram of a device of the deep drainage, regardless of the scope of application (the protection of the foundation, use on agricultural land for the fencing of plants from excessive moisture) consists of such elements:

Water receiver. For these purposes, or use natural education (rivers, lakes, channels), or arranged wells. For small sites, wells are used more often, in which water from the collectors. From the wells themselves, water seeps into the ground, if it is able to take moisture at a depth, or pumps pumps as it fills in natural reservoirs.
Main canal. It is paired from the most sublime point of the site to the bottom. On this channel flows all the collected moisture system. For small drainage systems, it is not used.
Closed collectors. These are pipelines in which moisture is assembled from several drainage pipes.
Watching wells.
Drainage pipelines.

Products made of plastic, ceramic holes or asbestos-cement pipes with propuls are used as pipes. Now the perforated pipes from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE) are used. PE pipes are more flexible, which expands the scope of their use. Specialized drainage pipelines have perforations manufactured. For them, filtering systems from coconut fiber or geotextiles are used.

The main advantages of plastic drainage pipelines:

ease;
easy installation;
corrugated pipe wall allows you to protect perforation from dirt sticking;
flexibility of application.

How to make drainage foundation on clay soil? Consider stages to introduce such a system on a problem area.

Drainage device on clay soil

Before starting work, it is necessary to conduct some calculations and choose the scheme and the materials used. For small sites, this can be done on your own:

First of all, the relief and slopes are determined. To do this, it is necessary to study the topographic plan or measure the level with a level. It is important to determine the most elevated and least low points on the surface of the site.
In terms of section, the main canal is paved. It is located from the upper point to the bottom. If a plot without slope, the channel trace arbitrarily. In this case, it is important to arrange a bias artificially.
Drainage pipelines are being laid in such a way that the distance between them is no more than 10 meters, and they have been glad to the trunk canal.
Determine water collection sites. To do this, use natural and artificial ditches outside the site or arrange other elements. For example, reservoirs. It can be a decorative pond. Also used team wells. In this case, the water from them is drainaged by drainage pumps. There is also an option that sandy soil will be at the bottom of the well, which can absorb the accumulated moisture.

After preparation and planning, it is proceeded with the device drainage on clay soils with their own hands:

Perform earthworks. To do this, stick trenches for trunk and drainage pipelines. The depth of the trench is selected depending on the lower level of the foundation. On average, they are placed at a depth of 1-1.5 m. If a house with a basement is planned, then drainage pipes must be opened below the basement floor level. The width of the trench is 0.3-0.4 m. No need to forget about the slope. In addition to the main channel, it is also necessary for the basic drainage pipes at the rate of 1 cm of the slope per 1 m channel or pipeline.
In places of the wells, pit holes under the dimensions of products.
The bottom of the trench is lined with geotextiles.
Crushed stone (10-20 cm) is poured into geotextile.
Next, there are directly pipelines.
If necessary, drainage pumps and pipelines are installed in the wells from them outside the site.
After laying, it is not necessary to immediately fall asleep the system of soil. You need to check it. For this, precipitation is waiting or used water from the hose. It is necessary to check the water duct on all pipelines. If necessary, change the bias or pave additional pipes between the projected.

After checking the trenches, falling asleep. The system is ready for use! Do not forget about regular maintenance and cleaning of drainage wells, livnerymics and canals. The system is designed for work over the years.

The flooding of the site with soil and thawed waters may be a real disaster for its owner. The sediments are also able to contribute to the violation of the soil structure. It is especially bad for the owners of the Earth, consisting mainly of clay or loam, since the clay is strongly detaining the water, with difficulty passing it through itself. In these cases, the sole rescue may be correctly built drainage. For such soil, he has its own characteristics. Therefore, consider how to make a drainage of the site with your own hands on clay soils.

Plants suffer from the re-fulfillment of moisture in the first place. Their roots are not obtained by the amount of oxygen necessary for the development. The result turns out to be a deplorable - plants first come, and then they disappear at all. Moreover, this also applies to cultural plants, and to lawn herbs. Even in cases where clay from above is covered with a layer of fertile soil, water departing will be difficult.

It is also important to comfort work on the site, because in the absence of drain, even a small rain is capable of turning clay soil in a swamp. It is impossible to work on such land for several days.

When the water does not leave for a long time, the risk of flooding the foundation and its freezing during cold weather occurs. Even very good waterproofing is not capable of protecting the foundation from destruction, since it itself can be destroyed by frozen moisture.

We conclude: the drainage of the plot from groundwater is simply necessary. And if it is not yet done, then you should not postpone its construction.

Preparation for the construction of a drainage system

Before choosing a type of drainage system, an analysis of your site should be analyzed.

Attention is drawn to the following points:

Soil structure. In our case, clay is considered, which is not able to quickly pass water;
Source of high moisture. It can be frequent precipitation or groundwater closer to the surface;
The type of drainage is selected or several types are combined;
The plan for the location of drainage trenches, revision and catchment wells is drawn up. The plan indicates the depth of finding the drain, the size of all elements of the system, their slope relative to the surface of the soil. The plan will allow you to quickly find the location of all elements of the system.

After such training, the construction of the area drainage is proceeded with their own hands on clay soils. Consider what kind of drainage it happens, and which one is better suited to the clay area.

Types of drainage systems

Drainage on the clay area can be superficial, deep or reservoir. Sometimes it is advisable to combine several of these species to achieve the greatest drainage efficiency.

Surface drainage

If the site has at least a small natural bias, it creates additional benefits for surface drainage. Water flows by itself along the channels in the reserved place on the site. Such channels are located on the surface of the soil, slightly deepening them into the ground. Surface drainage of the area on clay soils can be laid on almost any level places: along the tracks, around the structure, around the perimeter of lawns, near platforms for recreation and in other places.

Plasty drainage

This variety of drainage is created even before the construction of the foundation. The soil is deepened below its location at least 20 cm. The soil layer is also laid wider location of the foundation. On the bottom of the pit, rubble layer 20 cm laying up, and drainage pipes are located around the perimeter. All the moisture penetrating under the foundation is collected in the pipes, from where it is excreted from separately paved pipelines into the catchment wells.

Tip: Depth of finding a reservoir drainage should exceed the depth of the clay soil. In this case, the drainage will be as efficient as possible.

This kind of drainage is quite laborious, therefore it is used less often, although it is useful for clay soils.

Caring for the drainage system consists only in its cleaning and pumping of water from the collector well. If everything is done correctly, then no clay on the plot can darken your mood and destroy the plants grown.

If you encountered a problem of an elevated moisture level on the land plot, it is possible that you need to make it drainage, with which you can cope with yourself.

This should not be neglected, because such a phenomenon can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Such circumstances are developing if the site is in lowland or at a high level of fitting groundwater.

What is drainage and what is his functions

There is a certain system that combines trenches and pipes, which are located around the perimeter of a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe land. It is called drainage. Drainage of the soil by installing the elements of the system will solve many problems associated with water assignment. For example:

your plants will not be sinking in the mud, and the crop will be much better;
the paths and tracks will finally cease to be associated with marsh tops.

In a word, you will have the opportunity to enjoy stay outside the city.

Remember, the correct drainage device is the key to the preservation of the foundation of the country buildings, which is ensured by the preservation of building materials. In what cases does such a system really need? Then, when the soil is washing, its intimidation or fearing, and the basements and cellars and cellar are imposed from time to time.

Types of drainage systems and their features

To properly organize a removal of extra moisture from the land, you need to clearly understand what the difference between its views, and what features each of them.

So, drainage can be a surface type or deep. With the first option, you can cope and independently, because the work is relatively not complicated. As for the deep type of construction, then you need to think about the construction stage of the house.

Surface drainage area can be one of two types:

linear - special trays are stacked directly to the surface, which are slightly tilted to the water receiver or the main well of storm sewage. In order to safety, they are closed with decorative lattices. Gardening sites are often installed sandcloths, which makes them even more efficiently. Thus, stones, garbage and sand do not fall into the wastewater, respectively, the system is not so clogged. The main condition for the fullest discharge of excess water from the soil is the deep grounding of groundwater;

the point - the drain function in this case performs the system of waterborns or rain-seekers. Under the ground, pipes are laid through which water flows into a common drainage, and then into the water receiver. Such adaptations are installed under the drainage pipes on the street or if it is a land plot, then at its lowest level.

Depth drainage adjusts the water balance due to perforated pipes. They are paired directly under the soil and absorb the surplus of moisture.

Drainage of the site do it yourself on clay soils

I would like to repeat that the surface drainage system of water allows you to get rid of its surplus, which flow from the roofs, accumulate near the tracks and terraces. Before making a drainage of a plot with your own hands on clay soils , You need to decide on its type (point or linear). The difference is that in the first case, water is allocated from specific areas of the territory of small sizes, and the second is suitable if necessary to prevent the fertile soil layer.

So, the improvement of the surface type drainage begins with the compilation of the scheme, which is happening, taking into account the storage places of water. The system consists of a trunk trench and auxiliary channels, where the liquid from the puddle will be reset. Plums from drain pipes are sent to the main trenches. By the way, the pit must be dug under a certain bias, which will ensure the self-directional direction of water towards the water receiver. The drainage of the site with their own hands on clay soils implies the provision of slope 0.002.

After the trenches of 0.5 m wide and a depth of about 0.7 m, the walls should be formed at an angle of 30 degrees. The water receiver must be below the level of the entire system. Thus, it will be possible to ensure interception and removal of extra moisture, and this will reduce the level of groundwater. Considering that the drainage device on the plot is similar in this way, not quite aesthetically, there are now special trays, which are stacked in the trenches, after which they are covered with a lattice lid.

What should happen

Setting the depth system drainage

Depth of pipes in the soil

For arrangement it is necessary to use perforated pipes and rolled materials. According to the standard scheme, first water should get into collecting drains, after that - in the trunk. And then already in the well, and only after that is reset into the water receiver. Their role can be performed by cuvettes along roads, rivers, streams, ravines or storm sewage systems. Be sure to equip the viewing holes.

So that work on the installation of the water removal system was not done in vain, it is necessary to correctly calculate the depth of the pipes, which is very difficult to do without the help of geodesists or hydrogeologists. These specialists will make all the necessary measurements to determine where the groundwater is located.

Drainage diagram with deep system

To drainage the site with your own hands, performed all its functions, it is important to use specially intended for this pipe. Their peculiarity is that the surface of 1.5-5 mm holes in diameter is located on the surface. If earlier the pipes made from ceramics or a mixture of asbestos and cement were used for these purposes, now there are polymer pipes designed specifically for hydrochloride, their diameter ranges from 50-200 mm. Some models are even equipped with a filter sheath.

Interested in how to make drainage on the site? It all begins with digging with a trench with a width of 40 cm, the depth depends on where the groundwater flows.

Then the sand and rubble layer is added to the finished channels, which performs the functions of the pillow, on top to which the necessary pipes are stacked, they must also be covered with a mixture of rubble with sand.

The trench must be filled with half its height, the free space is filled with a loamy, the final stage of the installation is the embankment of the upper, fertile layer of the Earth.

In the deep system, the wells should be designed as well as in the surface. They are intended to control the drainage process and clean the closed hollow objects of the circular cross section. To do this, reinforced concrete rings or piece waterproof products can be used to some extent it depends on the depth of the system installation.

Errors that cannot be allowed when cleaning the cleaning system in the country area

The most common mistake that is allowed when trying to construct the drainage of the site with their own hands is the neglect of the design stage. The fact is that first of all you need to figure out in detail in the current situation, namely: to analyze the land plot and determine the nature of groundwater. Not taking into account some details, you can come to the fact that they will go to the basement of your home, negatively affecting the foundation.