Presentation for the 125th anniversary of Tsvetaeva. "For the anniversary of Marina Tsvetaeva" Presentation for the lesson of literature
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Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was born in Moscow on October 9, 1892 in the family of Professor Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev and pianist Maria Alexandrovna Main, at that moment suddenly bells rang throughout Moscow. And there was also a sign of fate - a mountain ash. The old-timers of Moscow did not remember that there were so many mountain ash.
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Father - a professor at Moscow University - Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, later the founder of the Museum of Fine Arts, now the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin.
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Mother Maria Alexandrovna Main came from a Russified Polish-German family, she was a talented pianist.
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Trekhprudny lane in Moscow
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The family spent the winter season in Moscow, the summer in the city of Tarusa, Kaluga province. The Tsvetaevs also traveled abroad. In 1903 Tsvetaeva studied at a French boarding school in Lausanne (Switzerland), studied with her sister at a German boarding school in Freiburg (Germany), in the summer of 1909 she went to Paris alone, where she attended a course in ancient French literature at the Sorbonne.
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The first collection of poems "Evening Album" 1910
Your book is the message from there, Good Morning News. I have not accepted a miracle for a long time, But how sweet it is to hear: there is a miracle! M. Voloshin
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Marina has never been so pretty. Her golden hair curled. A blush played on the cheeks, and the eyes of the color of ripe gooseberries, due to myopia, had a witch's expression
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M. Tsvetaeva
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They fly, hastily written,
Hot with bitterness and neg.
Crucified between love and love
My moment, my hour, my day, my year, my century.
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1917 year. February revolution. Most of the Russian intelligentsia saw in her the fulfillment of their ideals and hopes. Tsvetaeva unmistakably feels that it’s not that. In a very short time, the Bolsheviks will come to power and unleash the Civil War. From its first days, Sergei Efron will go to the White Army.
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Marina and the children were struggling to make ends meet, they were starving. In the early winter of 1919-1920 Tsvetaeva sent her daughters to an orphanage in Kuntsevo. Soon she found out about the serious condition of her daughters and took home the eldest, Alya. Tsvetaeva's choice was explained by the impossibility of feeding both. In early February 1920, Irina died. Her death is reflected in the poem "Two hands, easily lowered ..." (1920)
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On July 11, 1921 Marina Tsvetaeva received a letter from her husband, who was evacuated with the remnants of the Volunteer Army from the Crimea to Constantinople. Soon he moved to the Czech Republic, to Prague. After several grueling attempts, Tsvetaeva received permission to leave Soviet Russia and on May 11, 1922, together with her daughter Alya, left her homeland.
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In Prague, Tsvetaeva for the first time established permanent relations with literary circles, with publishing houses and editorial offices of magazines.
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In the second half of 1925 Tsvetaeva made the final decision to leave Czechoslovakia and move to France. Her act was explained by the difficult financial situation of the family; she believed that she could better arrange herself and those close to her in Paris, which was then becoming the center of Russian literary emigration. November 1, 1925 Tsvetaeva with her children arrived in the French capital; Sergei Efron moved there by Christmas.
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Moving to France did not make life easier for Tsvetaeva and her family. Sergei Efron, impractical and not adapted to the hardships of life, could not feed his family; only Tsvetaeva herself could earn a living through literary work. However, in the leading Parisian periodicals, Tsvetaeva was published little; her texts were often corrected. For all the Parisian years she was able to publish only one collection of poems - "After Russia" (1928). Tsvetaeva's poems were alien to the émigré literary milieu.
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The rejection of Tsvetaeva was aggravated by her difficult character and her husband's reputation (Sergei Efron fussed about a Soviet passport since 1931, expressed pro-Soviet sympathies, worked for the Union of Return to Homeland). He began to cooperate with the Soviet secret services. But Tsvetaeva, unlike her husband and children, did not harbor any illusions about the regime in the USSR and was not pro-Soviet).
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Tsvetaeva had a difficult conflict with her daughter, who, following her father, insisted on leaving for the USSR; the daughter left her mother's home. In September 1937, Sergei Efron was involved in the murder of a former Soviet intelligence agent who tried to quit the game. (Tsvetaeva was not aware of her husband's role in these events). Soon, Efron was forced to hide and flee to the USSR. After him, his daughter Ariadne returned to her homeland. Tsvetaeva stayed in Paris alone with her son, but Moore also wanted to go to the USSR. There was no money for the life and education of his son, Europe was threatened with war, and Tsvetaeva was afraid for Moore, who was already almost an adult. She also feared for the fate of her husband in the USSR. Her duty and desire was to connect with her husband and daughter.
Marina Tsvetaeva The life and work of the poet
Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (September 26 (October 8) 1892, Moscow, Russian Empire - August 31, 1941, Elabuga, USSR) - Russian poet, prose writer, translator, one of the greatest Russian poets of the XX century.
Marina Tsvetaeva was born on September 26 (October 8), 1892 in Moscow, on the day when the Orthodox Church celebrates the memory of the Evangelist John the Theologian. This coincidence is reflected in several of the poet's poems. With a red brush, the Rowan tree lit up. Leaves fell, I was born. Hundreds of Bells argued. The day was Saturday: John the Evangelist.
Her father, Ivan Vladimirovich, is a professor at Moscow University, a renowned philologist and art critic; later became the director of the Rumyantsev Museum and the founder of the Museum of Fine Arts.
Mother, Maria Alexandrovna Main (by origin - from a Russified Polish-German family), was a pianist, a student of Anton Rubinstein. Her mother had a huge influence on Marina, on the formation of her character. She dreamed of seeing her daughter as a musician.
After the death of her mother from consumption in 1906, Marina and her sister Anastasia remained in the care of their father. Anastasia (left) and Marina Tsvetaeva. Yalta, 1905. ... The azure island-childhood is getting paler, We stand alone on the deck. Apparently, you left sadness as a legacy, O mother, to your girls!
Tsvetaeva spent her childhood in Moscow and Tarusa. Due to her mother's illness, she lived for a long time in Italy, Switzerland and Germany. “Tjo's House” was bought in 1899 by M. Tsvetaeva's maternal grandfather, A.D. Maine. After his death, his second wife lived in the house for the last 20 years of her life, whom the juvenile Marina and Asya nicknamed "Tio". Tjo from "aunt", as not his own grandmother ordered to call her aunt. The nickname "Tjo" was carried over to the house. Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaeva lived in this house during their winter visits to Tarusa in 1907-1910.
Marina Ivanovna received her primary education in Moscow, in the private female gymnasium of M. T. Bryukhonenko. She continued it in the boarding houses of Lausanne (Switzerland) and Freiburg (Germany). At the age of sixteen, she took a trip to Paris to listen to a short course of lectures on Old French literature at the Sorbonne.
In 1910, Marina published (in the printing house of A. A. Levenson) at her own expense the first collection of poems - "Evening Album". (The collection is dedicated to the memory of Maria Bashkirtseva, which emphasizes its "diary" orientation). "This book is not only a cute book of girlish confessions, but also a book of beautiful poems" N. Gumilyov
The "Evening Album" two years later was followed by a second collection - "The Magic Lantern". Tsvetaeva's early work was significantly influenced by Nikolai Nekrasov, Valery Bryusov and Maximilian Voloshin (the poetess stayed at Voloshin's house in Koktebel in 1911, 1913, 1915 and 1917). In 1913 the third collection was published - "From two books".
I wear his ring defiantly Yes, forever a wife, not on paper! ”His overly narrow face Like a sword ... His mouth is silent, angled down, His eyebrows are agonizingly magnificent. In his face two ancient blood merged tragically ... In his face I am faithful to chivalry, To all those who lived and died without fear! - Such - in fateful times - They compose stanzas - and go to the chopping block. June 3, 1914 In 1911 Tsvetaeva met her future husband Sergei Efron.
On January 27, 1912, the wedding of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron took place. In the same year, Marina and Sergei had a daughter, Ariadne (Alya).
In the summer of 1916, Tsvetaeva arrived in the city of Alexandrov, where her sister Anastasia Tsvetaeva lived with her common-law husband Mauritius Mints and her son Andrei. In Alexandrov Tsvetaeva, a cycle of poems was written ("To Akhmatova", "Poems about Moscow" and other poems), and her stay in the city was later called by literary critics "Alexandrovsky summer of Marina Tsvetaeva." The Tsvetaeva sisters with children, S. Efron, M. Mints (standing on the right). Alexandrov, 1916
In 1914, Marina met the poet and translator Sofia Parnok; their romantic relationship continued until 1916. Tsvetaeva dedicated a cycle of poems "Girlfriend" to Parnok. Tsvetaeva described her relationship with Parnok as "the first catastrophe in her life."
In 1917, Tsvetaeva gave birth to a daughter, Irina, who died of hunger in an orphanage in Kuntsevo (then in the Moscow region) at the age of 3 years. Ariadne (left) and Irina Efron. 1919 The years of the Civil War were very difficult for Tsvetaeva. Sergei Efron served in the ranks of the White Army. Marina lived in Moscow, in Borisoglebsky lane. During these years, a cycle of poems "Swan Camp" appeared, imbued with sympathy for the White movement. House in Borisoglebsky Lane, 6, where M. Tsvetaeva lived from 1914 to 1922
In May 1922, Tsvetaeva and her daughter Ariadna were allowed to go abroad - to her husband, who, having survived Denikin's defeat as a white officer, now became a student at the University of Prague. At first, Tsvetaeva and her daughter did not live long in Berlin, then for three years on the outskirts of Prague. Marina Tsvetaeva in 1924 Homesickness! Long Unveiled hassle! I do not care at all - Where to be completely lonely To be, on what stones to go home To walk with the bazaar's purse Into the house, and who does not know what is mine, Like a hospital or a barracks ... 1934
In 1925, after the birth of their son George, the family moved to Paris. Moore (Georgy Sergeevich Efron), son of Marina Tsvetaeva. Paris, 1930s. M.I. Tsvetaeva with her husband and children, 1925
Most of what Tsvetaeva created in emigration remained unpublished. In 1928, the last lifetime collection of the poetess, After Russia, was published in Paris, which included poems from 1922-1925. Later Tsvetaeva writes about it this way: "My failure in emigration is that I am not an emigrant, that I am in spirit, that is, in the air and in scope - there, there, from there ...".
On March 15, 1937, Ariadne left for Moscow, being the first of her family to have the opportunity to return to her homeland. On October 10 of the same year, Efron fled from France, becoming involved in a contract political assassination. In 1939, Tsvetaeva returned to the USSR after her husband and daughter. Upon arrival, she lived at the dacha of the NKVD in Bolshevo (now the Museum-Apartment of M. I. Tsvetaeva in Bolshevo). M.I. Tsvetaeva, France, 1939. Passport photo before returning home Tsvetaeva's house-museum in Bolshevo, Korolev town
On August 27, daughter Ariadne was arrested, on October 10 - Efron. In August 1941, Sergei Yakovlevich was shot; Ariadne, after fifteen years of repression, was rehabilitated in 1955. During this period, Tsvetaeva practically did not write poetry, doing translations. Sergei Efron with his daughter Ariadna (Alei), 1930s
On August 31, 1941, Marina Tsvetaeva committed suicide, hanged herself in the house, where she and her son were assigned to the post. She left three suicide notes: to those who will bury her (the "evacuees", Aseev and her son). The house where M.I. Tsvetaeva Posthumous note to son
Marina Tsvetaeva was buried on September 2, 1941 at the Peter and Paul Cemetery in Yelabuga. The exact location of her grave is unknown. On the high bank of the Oka, in her beloved city of Tarusa, according to Tsvetaeva's will, a stone (Tarusa dolomite) was installed with the inscription "Marina Tsvetaeva would like to lie here."
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Presentation slides text content: To the anniversary of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) Chemistry teacher Irina Prokopyevna Burakova, MKU Alygdzher boarding school, Nizhneudinsky district, Irkutsk region, 2012.
The rowan burned with a red brush. Leaves fell, I was born. Hundreds of bells argued. It was a Sabbath day: John the Evangelist.
You, whose dreams are still deep, Whose movements are still quiet, Go down the Trekhprudny lane, If you love my poems, Oh, how sunny and how starry, They will begin the first volume of life, I beg you - before it's too late, Come and see our house!
In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with her father. 1906 year.
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style.rotation Marina Tsvetaeva. 1911 year. Photo by Maximilian Voloshin
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ppt_xppt_y In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva in 1900.
In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergey Efron. 1911 year.
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In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with Moore - in the center, Pantanyak, 1928.
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At home to the stars, and the sky below, the Earth is close to him in a daze. In big and joyful Paris. The same secret longing. The evening boulevards are noisy, The last ray of dawn has faded. Everywhere, everywhere, all the vapors, vapors, Trembling lips and insolence of eyes. I'm here alone ... To the trunk of a chestnut To snuggle up so sweetly to the head! And in my heart the verse of Rostand is crying Like there, in abandoned Moscow. Photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with her son, Versailles, 1930.
In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with her son Georgy. 1935 year
House of M. Tsvetaeva. Borisoglebskiy per., Moscow
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Marina Tsvetaeva lived here in 1911-1912. Moscow, Sivtsev Vrazhek, 19
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A poem by Marina Tsvetaeva on the wall of a house in Leiden (Netherlands)
style.fontStylestyle.fontWeightstyle.textDecorationUnderline Who is made of stone, who is made of clay, -And I am silver and sparkle! I care about treason, my name is Marina, I am the mortal foam of the sea. Who is made of clay, who is made of flesh - Thus, the coffin and tombstones ... - In the baptismal font of the sea, I was baptized - and in My flight - it is constantly broken! Through every heart, through every nets My will will break through. You see these dissolute curls? - You cannot make salt with earth. Crushing on your granite knees, I am resurrected with every wave! Long live the foam - cheerful foam - High sea foam!
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To the 120th anniversary of the birth of M. I. Tsvetaeva. An extra-curricular event held with children KOU VO "TsLPDO" Grafsky sanatorium for children. Teacher Pavlova A.V. Acquaintance with the work and the tragic fate of the remarkable Russian poet M.I. Tsvetaeva On the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the birth of M. I. Tsvetaeva. An extra-curricular event held with children KOU VO "TsLPDO" Grafsky sanatorium for children. Teacher Pavlova A.V. Acquaintance with the work and the tragic fate of the remarkable Russian poet M.I. Tsvetaeva
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BIOGRAPHY OF POETESS Objectives: - to acquaint with the main milestones in the life of M. Tsvetaeva - to carry out the initial acquaintance with the lyrics and letters of M. Tsvetaeva; - to create an atmosphere of "immersion" in the work of the master.
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THE CREATIVE WAY OF THE POETESS. Tsvetaeva began writing poetry at the age of six, publishing from the age of sixteen, in 1910, without taking off her gymnasium uniform, secretly from her family, she released a rather voluminous collection - "Evening Album". He was noticed and approved by such discerning critics as M. Voloshin and V. Bryusov, N. Gumilev. “Evening Album,” wrote Voloshin, “is a wonderful book full of truly feminine charm.” In Voloshin, “beloved and dear Max,” she found a friend for life.
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About a hundred years ago, a very young and still unknown to anyone Marina created a now widely known poem, which became a kind of prediction. Reading the poem "To my poems, written so early ...."
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In the winter of 1910-1911 Voloshin invited Marina Tsvetaeva and her sister Anastasia (Asya) to spend the summer of 1911 in Koktebel, where he lived. There Tsvetaeva met Sergei Yakovlevich Efron. In Sergei Efron Tsvetaeva saw the embodied ideal of nobility, chivalry and, at the same time, defenselessness. Love for Efron was for her and admiration, and a spiritual union, and almost a mother's concern. Tsvetaeva perceived the meeting with him as the beginning of a new, adult life and as the acquisition of happiness: In January 1912, the wedding of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron took place. On September 5, their daughter Ariadne (Alya) was born.
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Their family life was cloudless at first, but not for long. And these first 5-6 years were probably the happiest in comparison with all subsequent years.
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The poem "Forgive me, my mountains!" Meanwhile, it was already the eve of the revolution. The war was going on and there was no end in sight. The poems caused by the war sound tragic, sorrowful, disastrous. The voice in defense of the suffering person in Tsvetaeva's poems is clearly audible. The misfortune of the people - that was what pierced her soul.
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The poem "Two hands" sounds At that time, hunger, cold and devastation reigned in the country. On November 27, 1919, M. Tsvetaeva, on someone's advice, sent Alya and Irina to the Kuntsevo orphanage, where the children were not fed, but robbed. In January 1920, the seriously ill Alya M. Tsvetaeva was taken from the shelter and settled with friends, and on February 15 (or 16) Irina died in the shelter.
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After a while, it turned out that Sergei was taken to the Czech Republic by the wave of retreat of Kornilov's army, he became an emigrant. White officer Sergei Efron has now turned into a dream for Marina, into a beautiful "white swan", heroic and doomed. Marina takes a decisive step: in 1922 she goes to her husband. Thus began her seventeen-year-old Odyssey abroad - at first for a short time - Germany, then - the Czech Republic. They lived in the Czech Republic for over three years. Here in February 1925 their son George was born.
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And finally, France ... Tsvetaeva lived here for thirteen and a half years. In emigration, Tsvetaeva did not take root. More and more often her poems, poems, prose were rejected by newspapers and magazines. In 1928, the last lifetime collection "After Russia" appeared, which included poems of the 22-25th years. But Tsvetaeva wrote for another 15 years.
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In 1936-37 Tsvetaeva was already preparing to leave for her homeland. First, Ariadne left, followed by Sergei Yakovlevich. In the summer of 1939, Marina and Georgy returned to Russia. Husband and daughter were arrested. The Great Patriotic War begins. Evacuation with his son to the small town of Tatarstan Elabuga. The separation of his son, who painfully survived the terrible troubles that befell him, sharply aggravated Marina's loneliness. She continued to work: she prepared a collection, translated a lot ... Marina no longer had Sergei: he was shot in 1941. She did not know what happened to her daughter. A line of alienation was growing between her and her son. The meeting with reading Russia did not take place ...
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She welcomed the February revolution of 1917, as did her husband, whose parents (who died before the revolution) were Narodnaya Volya revolutionaries. The October Revolution was perceived as a triumph of destructive despotism. Sergei Efron sided with the Provisional Government and took part in the Moscow battles, defending the Kremlin from the Red Guards. The news of the October Revolution found Tsvetaeva in the Crimea, visiting Voloshin. Soon her husband came here too. On November 25, 1917, she left the Crimea for Moscow to pick up the children - Alya and little Irina, who was born in April of this year. Tsvetaeva intended to return with her children to Koktebel, to Voloshin, Sergei Efron decided to go to the Don to continue fighting the Bolsheviks there. It was not possible to return to Crimea: insurmountable circumstances, the fronts of the Civil War separated Tsvetaeva from her husband and from Voloshin. She never saw the Voloshin again. Sergei Efron fought in the ranks of the White Army, and Tsvetaeva, who remained in Moscow, had no news of him. In hungry and impoverished Moscow in 1917-1920, she writes poetry praising the sacrificial feat of the White Army: White Guard, your path is high: / Black muzzle - chest and temple; Storms - blizzards, whirlwind-winds have nurtured you, / And you will remain in the song - the swans are white! By the end of 1921, these poems were combined into the collection Swan Camp, prepared for publication.
