Combined kindergarten - what kind of institution is it? What types of kindergartens are there? Combined kindergartens what.

Approaching the age of a child of 3 years, parents are wondering about the further development of their child in kindergarten. Surprisingly, there are not so few types of kindergartens.

In distribution at the place of registration The baby goes to the nearest preschool, which turns out to be a combined kindergarten. What is a combined kindergarten and how does it differ from other preschool institutions?

What distinguishes kindergartens from each other is the specification of the institution i.e. what exactly the garden specializes in.

To organize a combined kindergarten includes several specialized groups, where, together with general development groups, specialized compensatory or health-improving groups function.

The combination of such groups in one garden not regulated. It should be noted that the most common group in a combined kindergarten is speech therapy. Pupils with delays in correct speech pronunciation are enrolled in it.

Pupils of a combined kindergarten receive the full range of activities necessary for their development: physical education, music, fine arts, modeling, speech and counting classes and much more.

Children of specialized groups for a number of reasons, they receive additional classes to eliminate their existing defects. As a result, children further enrich their vocabulary, develop competent communication skills, and become familiar with sounds and letters.

The combined kindergarten has a mixed structure. The proportions of specialized groups and general developmental groups do not have clear criteria.

Kindergarten teachers can easily combine counting for healthy children and children with disabilities. Initially, the reception and registration of both children is exactly the same.

Working hours of a combined kindergarten no different from other gardens and also coincides with the typical work schedule of parents of children from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. The diet, sleep and exercise regime are also carried out in accordance with federal state standards.

Of the total number of existing types of preschool institutions, the combined kindergarten is one of the most common. And this is not surprising, considering the modern demands of the public. It is very convenient to combine several types of specialization in working with children in one preschool educational organization.

Of the total number of children in a certain municipal area, there will be children who need other development assistance than general developmental: speech correction, health improvement, psychocorrection and more.

If a child has appropriate indications, he can be referred to a group of special specifications by the educational authorities based on the results of an examination by doctors.

If the parent is confident that the child should attend a specialized group in a combined kindergarten, or there is a conclusion from an examination by a speech therapist and a psychologist about the presence of deviations in a child, you must contact the commission that sends children to such groups.

Only the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission can give a referral to a specialized group.

Children are strictly recruited into the speech therapy group senior and preparatory age who have unacceptable speech deviations at their age. Such groups are divided into pupils with simple speech delay and mental retardation.

In speech therapy groups for children learn to pronounce sounds which they pronounce incorrectly or with difficulty, and also learn how to correctly form words in sentences. In addition to teachers, speech therapists and educational psychologists work with children.

In ZPR groups, the development process of children is a little more complicated with the involvement of specialists not only speech therapists, but also defectologists.

According to the curriculum schedule classes in mental health and speech therapy groups are held with greater load and intensity than in ordinary general developmental groups. Specialists help students develop their mental potential along with their speech.

In fact, the results show that after graduating from a preschool educational institution, graduates of specialized groups completely ready for school on a par with their peers from general development groups. They are ready for school workloads, know how to express their thoughts and are developed in basic household independent care.

As we already understood, a combined type kindergarten bears this name due to the existence of specialized groups in it. These groups are neither good nor evil, they are a necessity for children with developmental delays who need special attention.

Surely every parent, when their child reaches three years old, begins to think hard about who will raise the child while mom and dad are busy at work. There are several options in this case - grandparents, nanny, kindergarten. It is the latter option that most parents choose. Yes, that's right. In kindergarten, a child, developing comprehensively, will learn to communicate with peers and live in a team. The main thing is to do it right choose a preschool. The level of his preparation for school, the level of development and education depend on this choice. After all, they are different types of kindergartens, imply different levels of training.

To the delight of many parents in recent years, the number of kindergarten institutions has begun to continually renew, and although their number is far from necessary, many families still have the opportunity to enroll their child in a preschool institution. What types of kindergartens available in our country?

Let's look at the main types of kindergartens:

Departmental kindergarten, according to statistics, the number of such kindergartens in the country exceeds the number of other preschool institutions;

- kindergarten owned by local authorities;

- private kindergarten;

- home kindergarten.

Advantages and disadvantages of various kindergartens

In material terms, the most affordable for parents is, of course, kindergarten owned by local authorities. Advantages - the most affordable kindergarten and the closest one to home.

Disadvantages - overcrowding of groups, perhaps insufficient childcare, poor food.

Departmental kindergarten. Advantages - in comparison with the first option, it is less crowded, the quality of the learning, education and development process is higher. The food is more varied. Disadvantages - payment for stay, in comparison with utilities, is much higher.

Private kindergarten. Advantages - optimal group size, individual approach to working with children, organization of the child’s work with a speech therapist, psychologist, and other specialists, rapid adaptation of the child to new social conditions and his comprehensive development, a wide variety of meals, including gourmet delicacies. The disadvantage is the high fee for the stay (sometimes $1000-$5000).

Home kindergarten- the most rare type of kindergarten. The difference from other types of kindergartens is that they are located in an apartment, rented premises or private cottage. Advantages - minimum number of children in the group (3-10 people), proper attention to each child. Disadvantages are insufficient technical equipment and a fairly high price.

Types of kindergartens according to various specializations

Classified types of kindergartens not only by governing body or affiliation, but also by specialization.

By type of specialization, the types of kindergartens are as follows:

- general developmental kindergarten;

- health;

- kindergartens - development centers;

- combined kindergarten;

- kindergartens with ethnocultural orientation;

- highly specialized kindergartens (compensatory kindergarten).

Kindergartens managed by local governments traditionally belong to general developmental kindergartens. Work in them, according to approved programs, is aimed at the intellectual, physical, moral and aesthetic development of the child.

In the case where the main focus of work is preventive health measures, the kindergarten is called a kindergarten for supervision and health improvement.

In development centers, teachers pay great attention to the intellectual, physical, and psychological development of the child. The centers, as a rule, are equipped with special gaming and general health complexes, have swimming pools and computer classes.

Combined types of kindergartens include the characteristics of a regular kindergarten and a kindergarten - development center. Gardens with a narrow specialization are intended for children with certain physical or mental characteristics (kindergartens for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, physical or mental development).

In addition to general educational training, development and upbringing, kindergartens with an ethnocultural orientation pay due attention to the study of the native language, which helps not to forget and know the native language while staying in another country or in another ethnic area.

The classification of preschool institutions according to the level of general education is carried out taking into account the groups that prepare children for subsequent general education institutions:

- preparatory groups for primary school education;

- preparatory groups for studying in secondary schools;

- preparatory groups for studying at the gymnasium;

- preschool groups from educational centers.

The focus of preparatory groups and the level of general education training they provide must be taken into account when choosing a preschool institution and when planning the child’s further education. Having reconsidered types of kindergartens, choose the one that is more comfortable for you. Here, the widespread opinion is true that gifted children grow up in the most ordinary preschool institutions, and sometimes the spiritual atmosphere in which the child feels comfortable and confident is much more important than numerous varied activities in a stressful environment. But given the ever-increasing demands of time, versatile training is often simply necessary for children for further successful development. The choice, of course, is yours.

I would like to give advice to parents: “Remember, you choose a kindergarten not for yourself, but for your child.” Take care not only of the proper level of upbringing and development of the child there, but also of his comfortable stay there. And of course, when sending your child to kindergarten, you shouldn’t hand over to the teachers the entire burden of the educational process, because the child’s personality primarily depends on the efforts of the parents, on the routines and foundations established in each individual family. Only the joint efforts of the educational line of the kindergarten staff and the child’s parents have the full formative moral power for the development of the growing personality.

Let's look at the main types of kindergartens:

Departmental kindergarten, according to statistics, the number of such kindergartens in the country exceeds the number of other preschool institutions;

- kindergarten owned by local authorities;

- private kindergarten;

- home kindergarten.

Advantages and disadvantages of various kindergartens

In material terms, the most affordable for parents is, of course, kindergarten owned by local authorities. Advantages - the most affordable kindergarten and the closest one to home. Disadvantages - overcrowding of groups, perhaps insufficient childcare, poor food.

Types of kindergartens according to various specializations

Classified types of kindergartens not only by governing body or affiliation, but also by specialization.

By type of specialization, the types of kindergartens are as follows:

- general developmental kindergarten;

- health;

- kindergartens - development centers;

- kindergartens with ethnocultural orientation;

- highly specialized kindergartens (compensatory kindergarten).

In the case where the main focus of work is preventive health measures, the kindergarten is called a kindergarten for supervision and health improvement.

- preparatory groups for primary school education;

- preparatory groups for studying in secondary schools;

- preparatory groups for studying at the gymnasium;

- preschool groups from educational centers.

please tell me what a combined type kindergarten means?

For children with speech impairments, e.g.
This is when, in addition to general developmental groups, the kindergarten also has groups for children with disabilities (for example, speech therapy, orthopedic, etc.)
means an ordinary kindergarten, but there are a certain 1-2 groups in the direction.... for example, a garden with speech therapy groups...
I myself work in a compensatory garden... that is, for children with certain disabilities... where a referral from a doctor is required...
Classification of kindergartens according to their focus, what they are
Kindergarten is the most common type of state preschool educational institution. It provides supervision, care and health improvement, education and upbringing of children. Kindergartens have different educational programs.
A general developmental kindergarten with priority implementation of any direction or directions of development of pupils' physical, intellectual, artistic and aesthetic.
The kindergarten for care and wellness operates with an emphasis on sanitary, hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.
Child development center kindergarten. Such centers have gaming and fitness centers, an art studio, a computer class, a children's theater, and a swimming pool. An integrated approach is used to organize work with children, physical and mental development, correction are carried out, and the emphasis is on intellectual, artistic and aesthetic development.
A combined kindergarten includes several different groups: general developmental, compensatory, recreational, and also in various combinations.
A compensatory kindergarten with priority implementation of qualified correction. These kindergartens accept children with various pathologies, for example, with mental retardation, tuberculosis intoxication, musculoskeletal disorders, hearing impairment, speech impairment, visual impairment, intellectual impairment, and children who are often ill. Highly qualified doctors work in such kindergartens, and special conditions are created for children, sometimes including dietary meals, swimming pools, saunas, massage rooms, and a small number of children in groups. In compensatory kindergartens they not only treat, but also educate and train in accordance with a special program. At these kindergartens there are consultation points where parents can get advice and recommendations on what to do in a particular case.
To get into a compensatory kindergarten, you need a referral from a pediatrician and certificates from specialists in the kindergarten’s profile.

Kindergarten. Article 1. Where does kindergarten begin?

Date added: 2010-08-14

Do you know what a kindergarten is?

Kindergarten is a public or private institution that provides supervision, care and health improvement, education and upbringing of children.

In other words , kindergarten is an institution for public education of preschool children. Kindergartens as a type of institution exist in most countries and are usually the first link in the education system.

What does kindergarten give to a child?

Kindergarten is the first educational institution on the path of development of a child from 3 to 7 years old. Together with the family, the kindergarten participates in raising the child. Educators, like second parents, lay down all the most important character traits of a person.

Skills acquired at this age remain for life. In kindergarten, the child receives the first social experience.

The baby learns to communicate with peers and adults who are not his relatives. It is especially important that it is at this age that self-esteem And feeling like an individual.

Therefore, it is very important to choose a form of education in which your son or daughter can not only gain the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities, but also feel comfortable.

Several years ago in the Russian Federation, all kindergartens worked according to a single “Program for the education and training of children in kindergarten.”

Today in the Russian Federation there are many programs for the development, education and training of children. And this is the most important difference between kindergartens and each other.

Classification of kindergartens in modern conditions.

1. Kindergarten a general developmental type with priority implementation of any direction or directions of development of pupils - physical, intellectual, artistic and aesthetic.

2.Kindergarten care and health improvement operates with an emphasis on sanitary, hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

3.Kindergarten - Development Center child. Such centers have gaming and fitness centers, an art studio, a computer class, a children's theater, and a swimming pool. An integrated approach is used to organizing work with children - physical and mental development, correction are carried out, and the emphasis is on intellectual, artistic and aesthetic development.

4.Kindergartencombined type includes several different groups: general developmental, compensatory, health-improving, and also in various combinations.

Kindergarten compensatory type with priority implementation of qualified correction. These kindergartens accept children with various pathologies, for example, with mental retardation, tuberculosis intoxication, musculoskeletal disorders, hearing impairment, speech impairment, visual impairment, intellectual impairment, and children who are often ill.

Highly qualified doctors work in such kindergartens, and special conditions are created for children - sometimes dietary meals, swimming pools, saunas, massage rooms, a small number of children in groups.

In compensatory kindergartens they not only treat, but also educate and train in accordance with a special program. At these kindergartens there are consultation points where parents can get advice and recommendations on what to do in a particular case. To get into a compensatory kindergarten, you need a referral from a pediatrician and certificates from specialists in the kindergarten’s profile.

Features of kindergartens in modern conditions.
Depending on the founder, kindergartens are:

Municipal (state),
Departmental (very few left),
Private (commercial)
Domestic (family).

What are the similarities between kindergartens?

Each kindergarten has a program for raising and educating children, a charter, and a license for the right to engage in this type of activity.

What is the difference between kindergartens?

In the form of payment and provision of benefits (only municipal kindergartens provide guaranteed benefits to a number of citizens)
In the number of children in the group,
The quality and variety of food,
In material equipment.
In a psychological atmosphere.

What should parents do to avoid disappointment in their choice of kindergarten?

1.Meet with the head of the kindergarten and find out important issues for yourself. For example:

Find out the operating hours of the preschool educational institution.
Ask to see your license and charter.
Ask about the programs and methods that educators work with.
Pay attention to the number of children in the group and the number of teachers.
Ask to tell you about the staff.
Inquire about nutrition.
Find out what groups there are in the garden.
Ask what extracurricular activities the kindergarten offers and how much they cost.

2.Meet with the group teachers, talk and understand whether you want to send your child to them. Communication styles, attitude towards children, level of professionalism - this is what parents need to pay attention to.

3. Meet with the kindergarten nurse and once and for all resolve the issue of vaccinations and other medical procedures.

4.Meet with the kindergarten psychologist and talk about possible help from you to your child.

How to choose the right kindergarten?

This question can be looked at from different points of view. Let's focus on the main ones.

From the point of view of convenience for the child:

You need to choose the closest kindergarten to your home or the best one nearby. Why? There are a number of objective reasons.

Preschoolers and toddlers cannot, due to their physical abilities, walk long distances. Either the journey will take a long time, or you will be carrying the child in your arms.

In accordance with the kindergarten regime, you must bring your child before 8:30. If you have to travel for a long time, then, accordingly, get up early. The child should be well-rested and not tired from the journey, then it will be easier for him to adapt and come to kindergarten in a good mood.

9 months a year out of 12 possible due to climatic conditions, various viral infections spread in crowded places (bus, trolleybus, metro). Children are primarily susceptible to airborne viral infections.

In terms of construction and territory:

It is advisable that the kindergarten be in a separate building and not in a residential building. Special children's facilities provide facilities for swimming, music, physical education and art classes.

It is important that the garden has large area for walking. Plot should be fenced on all sides and conditionally divided into as many parts as there are groups in the garden. There should be play forms on the site (stairs, animal figures, sandboxes, swings, verandas, etc.).

The kindergarten premises consists of several groups. Each group has a playroom, dining room, bedroom, and toilet. Group equipment should include toys, games, books, and children's furniture.

From the point of view of the working staff:

1.Many consider it a necessary condition higher education for educators (not even pedagogical, but any higher education). Education and professionalism are not the same thing.

Education - is not an indicator that the teacher will be able to find the key to your child’s heart. The child is comfortable with his “mommy”, with his “nanny”, with his “darling”, but for the time being he is not interested in the “learned” aunt.

2. It is advisable to meet the teachers and inspect the group premises. Each group should have 2 teachers and one assistant teacher. Unfortunately, this rarely happens, so it’s good to have at least 2 people in the group.

The group room should include a playroom, a dining room, a bedroom and, for the middle group, preferably a study room (classroom). Group equipment should include toys, board games, books, children's furniture, etc.

From the point of view of filling groups.

Important number of children in the group. The most optimal is no more than 15–18 people. However, the realities of “state” gardens are different - usually 20–22 people in a group.

From the point of view of the psychological climate in kindergarten.

Very it is important that you like the atmosphere of the garden. Even though this is purely intuitive, intuition often does not fail in this matter.

And remember: the choice is yours.

Happy parents raise happy and healthy children.

Did you like this article?

Types of kindergartens According to the “Model Regulations on Children's Educational Institutions” (No. 666, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on September 12, 2008), kindergartens are divided into several types according to areas of activity. These are preschool educational institutions of general development, compensatory (correctional) or combined types and child development centers. All of them operate on the basis of a single document “Educational Standard of the Russian Federation. Preschool education", which includes a mandatory set of disciplines, such as: acquaintance with the outside world, ecology, literature, basic mathematical knowledge, educational games, speech development, musical and visual arts, physical education. In addition to what is provided for by the “Standard”, kindergartens usually implement a number of additional programs, which determines their belonging to a certain category

Functionality of kindergarten general developmental type is clear from the name - this is the general development of the child’s intellectual, physical and creative abilities. But only 23% of them work exclusively according to the “Standard” - the rest supplement it with partial programs aimed at developing in students certain skills (creative, physical, intellectual) and in-depth study of various subjects (ecology, religion, mathematics, foreign language). Such kindergartens are allocated to the subcategory “kindergarten with priority implementation of the direction(s) of development of pupils.”

Compensating gardens created for children with various pathologies: mental retardation, intellectual disability, hearing, speech, and musculoskeletal disorders. Pupils here are trained according to a special program designed to correct the peculiarities of their development, and are also treated. Therefore, compensatory kindergartens employ not only teachers, but also medical workers and highly qualified specialists - speech therapists, speech pathologists, psychologists. Special conditions of stay are created for children: food, treatment, physiotherapy, therapeutic exercises, massage room, etc.

The groups in such gardens are small - 5-12 people, and the schedule for visiting the garden varies from 3 hours (short-term stay groups) per day to a round-the-clock five-day stay.

This type of kindergarten also includes daycare, care and health care centers, whose activities are aimed at generally improving the health of frequently ill children and children with reduced immunity. They are equipped with everything necessary for carrying out procedures and preventing diseases. The basis for enrollment in a supervised kindergarten is a referral from a pediatrician, and as soon as the student’s health improves, the child is transferred to a regular kindergarten.

Child Development Center is a kindergarten with in-depth development of the child’s physical and mental abilities, where educational activities are combined with recreational activities. In such an institution, the training program includes additional areas: environmental education, protection of life and health, physical development, correctional development (for children with speech and behavior disorders), introducing children to the musical and literary cultural heritage, and enhanced preparation for school. Development centers differ from general development gardens with priority implementation of the developed infrastructure. There are game and physical education complexes, a swimming pool, a sauna, massage and physiotherapy rooms, a computer class, various types of studios (art studio, music, theater) and laboratories (ecological, photo and film laboratories), a fairy tale room, a laryngophone room, ethnographic and “live” » corner. The Development Centers practice such general health measures as hardening, rubbing, herbal medicine, and fortified diets. Kindergartens of this type often invite visiting teachers to teach foreign languages, rhetoric, rhythmic gymnastics, etc.

IN combined kindergarten general developmental, compensatory and health-improving groups are included in various combinations. This category also includes kindergartens that include nursery groups, and integrative kindergartens, where children with reduced abilities study together with ordinary children to develop communication and learn the correct model of behavior.

The article "Types of kindergartens" is protected by the law on copyright and related rights.

There are educational institutions of various types. For example, there is a combined kindergarten: not all parents know what this means.

Mothers are very confused about where their baby will be. Therefore, it is important to approach the choice of a preschool institution responsibly.

A combined kindergarten is an institution that combines groups of various types. This means that, along with healthy children, those who have certain health problems can study in a preschool institution. For example, in such kindergartens there are speech therapy, rehabilitation and general development groups.

The institution is indicated for the following categories of children:

gifted;
ordinary;
with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy;
with speech defects;
with poor vision, hearing;
those lagging behind in mental and physical development;
co ;
with low level

Whether a child needs a combined type of kindergarten can be determined by a pediatrician after an examination and analysis of his morbidity over the past year. The doctor will be able to determine which group the baby should be sent to. The main purpose of a combined kindergarten is adaptation to the environment and preparation for further proper development.

Such educational institutions help children with various disabilities to function at the level of an average person. Groups are formed, as in a regular kindergarten, according to age.

Mixed-type kindergartens have the material and technical base that is necessary for the education and training of healthy children and those who have certain diseases.

Advantages and disadvantages

Many parents do not know whether to send their child to a combined kindergarten. To make the right decision, you need to understand what advantages and disadvantages such an institution has. According to reviews from mothers and pediatricians, mixed-type kindergartens have many advantages.

Among the positive aspects of studying at the institution, it is worth highlighting the following:

It is believed that children, being in a combined kindergarten, recognize each other’s characteristics. This gives them the understanding that everyone is different;
psychologists say that children with physical and psychological disabilities adapt faster and develop better when they have the opportunity to observe healthy children;
children with a low level of adaptation learn to quickly adapt to new conditions;
use of individual programs. Regular kindergartens are aimed at healthy children. Children with physical and mental disabilities have a hard time in such an institution. The child may face rejection by his classmates and teacher. In a combined kindergarten, the pupil is treated taking into account the individual characteristics of his development;
the child does not feel like an outcast in society. This allows him to grow up to be a full-fledged, self-confident person, to have a normal personal life and career;
The institution creates a special staff of educators trained to work with children with certain disabilities. All of them are required to have a medical or pedagogical education. The staff includes speech therapists, speech pathologists, immunologists, rehabilitation specialists, and psychotherapists;
children in a combined kindergarten receive more attention than in a regular preschool;
the conditions necessary for the growth and development of a child with certain needs are provided;
The characteristics of the baby’s reaction to certain foods are taken into account. For children with gastritis, allergies to certain foods, a special diet is selected;
Physical and mental defects are eliminated or significantly reduced.

The disadvantages of combined kindergartens are as follows:

problems may arise when registering a child in a regular secondary school;
the enrollment process involves going through a number of stages;
difficulties in registering for such a preschool institution;
a combined kindergarten may be located far from your place of residence. This creates certain inconveniences when visiting it;
In order for such an institution to help a child with certain needs develop correctly, it is necessary to maintain a special attitude towards the baby at home.

Features of the educational program

If in ordinary kindergartens a single standard plan for the development of a child is used, then in combined preschool institutions specialized educational programs are being developed. They are compiled directly by the teacher and the head of the institution.

The programs of combined kindergartens describe teaching methods, a list of necessary items and means for the proper development of preschool children. They involve the introduction of innovations, analysis of the pupil’s health, interaction with the child’s family, and carrying out correction work.

The child receives the level of knowledge that he needs to enter a regular school. Educational programs take into account the individual needs of each category of children, and therefore have certain differences.

Education in a mixed-type kindergarten can be of three types:

frontal. The teacher works with the entire group of children. Classes have a uniform content and are held strictly according to the schedule. Kids interact with each other during the learning process;
individual. Gives the teacher the opportunity to work separately with each child. Usually used in severe cases. This approach allows the child to learn the material well. But great emotional costs are required from the pupil;
group. Training takes place in classes based on interests. The interaction of children in the educational process is ensured.

Teaching methods in combined preschool institutions must fully comply with the standards adopted at the federal level.

How to get into a correctional group?

Getting into the correctional group of a combined kindergarten is not easy. This is not enough. Parents will have to go through a number of stages with their child.

First you need to make an appointment with your pediatrician. It is necessary for the doctor to examine the baby and refer him for a commission.

You will need to obtain the opinion of narrow specialists: for example, a defectologist, a neurologist, a psychologist, a surgeon and a number of other doctors. It all depends on what disorders there are in the baby’s development. Based on the conclusion, it is determined which group of mixed kindergarten the child should be enrolled in.

Usually, parents try to send their child to a preschool located near their home. But combined type kindergartens are less common than general developmental ones. In addition, some establishments may not have space. With the received conclusion, you should join the electronic queue.

To enroll your child in a mixed kindergarten, you must provide the following:

photograph size 9x12;
voucher issued by the education committee or recruitment commission. It should be drawn up on the basis of the conclusion and recommendations of a psychological, medical and pedagogical commission for children who have deviations in physical and mental development;
a copy of the child's birth certificate. It is certified by the head of the educational institution based on presentation of the original. Kept in the child’s personal file;
a statement written by the parents;
baby's medical record;
a copy of the parents' passport pages. Certified on the basis of the provided original.

This is an approximate list of documentation for enrolling a child in kindergarten. Combined preschool institutions may require different packages of papers. You should familiarize yourself with the list of required documentation by visiting the educational institution or by calling the administration. The recruitment of a mixed kindergarten is carried out on the basis of a federal order.

The child must meet the age category. It is determined individually by each institution. It all depends on the material and technical base and staff of the kindergarten. As a rule, a mixed educational institution accepts children who are three years old.

Kindergarten

This term has other meanings, see Kindergarten (meanings). This term has other meanings, see Nursery.

Kindergarten on a walk, Lakhtinskaya street, Leningrad, 1930s

Six-year kindergarten class in Alanya (Türkiye)

Kindergarten in Bietigheim (Baden, Germany)

Kindergarten- an institution for public education of preschool children. Kindergartens as a type of institution exist in most countries and are usually the first link in the public education system (not counting education received from parents).

The kindergarten system is designed for a massive, publicly accessible solution to the problem of their parents’ employment (for which the opening hours of a kindergarten in most cases coincide with the typical work schedule of most professions: from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., five days a week). The kindergarten system also provides minimal preparation for children to study at school - at the level of primary reading, writing and arithmetic skills.

Parents' day in a kindergarten in Nagoya (Japan), 2009.

Story

As a type of pedagogical institution, the first kindergarten was organized at the beginning of the 19th century in New Lanark (Scotland) by the utopian socialist R. Owen - the so-called “school for small children.”

The name itself - “Kindergarten” came from Germany and was invented in 1837 by the teacher Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel. He also created an institution for games and activities for young children in the city of Bad Blankenburg. Although this institution existed for only about two years. He came up with the name “Kindergarten” from the consideration that children are the flowers of life, requiring skillful and careful care, and they should be raised by gardeners.

In Russia, the first kindergartens were opened in the 60s. XIX century. They were private and expensive, so they were inaccessible to ordinary people. Kindergartens were first mentioned in 1859 (Helsingfors, now the capital of Finland, Helsinki). In Moscow, the first kindergarten was opened only in 1866 at the Gerke boarding school for girls.

The first paid kindergarten was opened in Helsingfors in 1859 by Sedmigradsky, the second in St. Petersburg in 1863 by the wife of St. Petersburg University professor S.A. Lugebil, the third in Helsingfors in 1863, the fourth in St. Petersburg in 1863 by the editor of the magazine “Kindergarten” A. S. Simonovich.

In the period from 1866 to 1870, several paid kindergartens were opened by private individuals in Irkutsk, Voronezh, Moscow, Smolensk, Tbilisi, and St. Petersburg. In 1868-1869, four paid kindergartens were opened in Moscow, owned by Mamontova, Levenstern, Solovyova and Rimskaya-Korsakova. In 1893 in Moscow there were 7 paid private kindergartens for children of both sexes (35 girls and 21 boys). All of them were located at educational institutions and were preparatory schools for very young children.

These kindergartens accepted children from 3 to 8 years old. There teachers worked with them, children played outdoor games. In addition, Simonovich began publishing the “Kindergarten” magazine, which talked about preschool education.

The first free kindergarten was opened in Russia in 1866. It was a charitable institution under the “Society of Cheap Apartments for the Children of Working Women of St. Petersburg.”

There was a sewing workshop for sewing children's underwear, a kitchen, a laundry, and a school for children. Older children were taught scripture, prayers, and various handicrafts were performed, such as weaving, drawing, carving, and much more. But due to lack of livelihood, the free kindergarten was soon closed.

The system of preschool educational institutions was actively developing, and after three decades several dozen kindergartens appeared in Russia: paid and free, for nobles and intelligentsia, workers, as well as orphanages.

At this time, educational courses for educators began to be organized, lectures and “trainings” were held, and relevant literature was published.

On November 20, 1917, the official “Declaration on Preschool Education” was adopted. This document guaranteed free education and upbringing of preschool children.

The first pedagogical faculty with a preschool department was opened in 1918 at Moscow State University. The first “Program of the work of a kindergarten” was published in 1934, and in 1938 the “Charter of a kindergarten” was published, which defined the tasks of work, the structure and features of the functioning of preschool institutions, and the “Guide for kindergarten teachers”, which contained methodological instructions for sections of work with kids.

In the 1920-1930s, the term “children’s hearth” or simply “hearth” was in use in the USSR. According to the definition given in TSB 1st edition, the center is a kindergarten with extended working hours. The need to extend the time children spend in kindergarten was caused by the maximum involvement of women and mothers in socialist construction and their participation in public life.

By the middle of the 20th century, more than two million children were already attending kindergartens. In the post-war period, the first nurseries appeared in the USSR, where parents could leave their babies starting from two months. In the early 60s, a single document was developed for all preschool education institutions, defining their work program.

At the beginning of the 21st century, there are more than 45 thousand preschool institutions in Russia. The modern preschool education system consists of nurseries, kindergartens, short-stay groups for children, and preschool education centers.

Classification of kindergartens

A general developmental kindergarten with a priority area, for example, physical, intellectual, artistic and aesthetic education.
Child development center - kindergarten.
Kindergarten with nursery groups.
Combined kindergarten. These are the majority. Along with regular groups, they also have groups for children with some form of developmental disorder. As a rule, these are speech therapy groups (speech correction).
Kindergartens of compensatory type - specialized and sanatorium. In such kindergartens, correction of some chronic diseases is carried out. In specialized kindergartens, unlike sanatoriums, children with chronic diseases can go to the same groups as healthy children. Compensatory and combined kindergartens attract more diverse specialists, mainly doctors.

Depending on the type of kindergarten, the curriculum, the number of children in the group, the quality of food and toys, and even, in many ways, the psychological atmosphere will vary.

Games in kindergarten

For preschool children, play is of particular importance, since play for them is study, work, a way of understanding the world around them, and a form of education.

Criticism of kindergartens

According to American and European studies, children's cortisol levels increase during their stay in kindergarten.

Attachment psychology believes that until the age of five, a child is not able to adequately cope with separation from his parents for the whole day. Therefore, if kindergarten is inevitable, then you should try to mitigate your stay there in a number of ways.

In order to enroll a child in kindergarten in Turkmenistan, parents are required to fill out a special form, indicating detailed information about relatives in three generations, as well as brothers and sisters. In the application form, you must indicate, in addition to passport data and registration, also the degree of relationship, information about the place of work or study, the criminal record or lack thereof of all family members.

What does combined kindergarten mean?

Lanagold

Combined kindergarten Usually different children attend together: healthy ones and those with different diseases, that is, in such kindergartens there are different groups. Meet combined type kindergartens, where in addition to regular groups there are several speech therapy groups. There is also combined type kindergartens, where there are specialized groups that children with diseases attend. Children's development in such combined type kindergartens passes in various directions, it can be health-improving, general developmental, compensatory.

Dolce Vita

In my understanding of a combined kindergarten, this is when the general educational direction of education, the kindergarten includes several groups of different directions. For example, with a speech therapy focus, created for children with speech disorders. There is also a kindergarten with development school groups. Or with groups with the usual, there are groups with a special specialization, for example, recreational or compensatory.

Kindergartens in Russia: tell me how to correctly divide the types, types, direction of preschool educational institutions

Tell me how to correctly separate the types, types, direction of preschool education

Initially I thought so
Types of preschool educational institutions:
Kindergarten
General developmental kindergarten
General developmental kindergarten with priority on intellectual development
General developmental kindergarten with priority on physical development
Kindergarten of general developmental type with priority of artistic direction
Compensatory kindergarten for children with hearing impairments
Compensatory kindergarten for children with speech impairments (with preserved hearing)
Compensatory kindergarten for children with vision pathology
Compensatory kindergarten for children with intellectual disabilities (mentally retarded)
Compensatory kindergarten for children with musculoskeletal disorders
Compensatory kindergarten for children with tuberculosis intoxication
Kindergarten of compensating type of other profiles
Primary School - Kindergarten
Child Development Center

But I read that there are 8 types of preschool educational institutions:
1Kindergarten of a general developmental type|
2Kindergarten (nursery) for young children |
3Kindergarten (Primary school) for children of preschool age|
4Kindergarten care and health improvement|
5Kindergarten of a compensating type |
6Combined kindergarten |
7Kindergarten of a general developmental type with priority implementation of activities |
8Child Development Center|

And then they are divided into directions:
general developmental type|
general developmental type with priority of intellectual development |
general developmental type with priority of physical development |
general developmental type with priority of artistic direction |
compensatory type for children with hearing impairments |
compensatory type for children with speech impairments (with preserved hearing) |
compensatory type for children with vision pathology |
compensatory type for children with intellectual disabilities (mentally retarded) |
compensatory type for children with musculoskeletal disorders |
compensatory type for children with tuberculosis intoxication |
compensating type of other profiles |

Http://www.vdetsadu.ru/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=addlisting&cat_id=38&Itemid=61

Looking for like-minded people

Olga Zvonkova

In the new Model Regulations on a preschool educational institution, the fundamental approach to determining the types of preschool educational institutions has been changed. The group of preschool children is identified as the main structural unit. Groups can have different orientations - general developmental, compensatory, combined and health-improving; can work
in a full (12 hours), shortened (10 hours), extended (14 hours) day, round-the-clock or short-term (3–5 hours) stay.
In general developmental groups, training and education are carried out in accordance with the educational program of the institution, developed by it independently on the basis of the approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation.
Compensatory groups provide qualified correction of deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development and preschool education for children with disabilities.
Health-related groups are created for children with tuberculosis intoxication, frequently ill children and other categories of pupils who need a set of special health-improving measures. Such groups are focused on preschool education of children, as well as carrying out sanitary and hygienic, preventive
and wellness treatments.
Combined groups provide joint education for healthy children and children with disabilities.
For the first time, it is possible to organize groups of a combined focus, in which healthy children and children with disabilities, including disabled children, will receive preschool education. Thus, the regulatory legal framework for inclusive or joint preschool education has been created.
In this regard, standards have been established for the maximum occupancy of combined groups depending on the category of children with disabilities.
Taking into account the focus of the groups and the age of the children, eight types of preschool educational institutions will differ. In addition to the six types of preschool educational institutions that have already become traditional, two new types are being introduced - a kindergarten for young children (from 2 months to 3 years), a kindergarten for children of older preschool age
(from 5 to 7 years).
The standard provision also stipulates that groups for preschool children can be created in educational institutions of other types (in addition to preschool educational institutions). Thus, new variable models of preschool education are normatively established.
Types of educational institutions
1. Preschool educational institution
2. General educational institution for children of preschool and primary school age
3. General educational institution
4. Evening (shift) general education institution
5. General education boarding school
6. Cadet school (cadet boarding school)
7. General education boarding school with initial flight training
8. Suvorov Military, Nakhimov Naval School, Cadet (Naval Cadet) Corps
9. Sanatorium-type health educational institution for children in need of long-term treatment
10. Educational institution for orphans and children left without parental care
11. Special educational institution for children and adolescents with deviant behavior
12. Special (correctional) educational institution for students and pupils with developmental disabilities
13. Educational institution for children in need of psychological, pedagogical and medical and social assistance
14. Educational institution for additional education of children
15. Educational institution of primary vocational education.

5. Preschool educational institutions, in accordance with their focus, are divided into the following types:
Kindergarten
Kindergarten with priority implementation of one or several areas of development of pupils (intellectual, artistic-aesthetic, physical, etc.)
Compensatory kindergarten with priority implementation of qualified correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils
Kindergarten for supervision, care and health improvement with priority implementation of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health measures and procedures
Combined kindergarten (a combined kindergarten may include general developmental, compensatory and health groups in different combinations)
Child Development Center - kindergarten with physical and mental development, correction and rehabilitation of all pupils

Combined kindergarten - what kind of institution is it? What types of kindergartens are there? Combined kindergartens what.

Advantages and disadvantages

Features of the educational program

How to get into a correctional group?

Related videos

Types of kindergartens

Combined kindergarten - what is it?

Focus of groups

Educational program

Staffing with pupils

Organization of stay time

Employees