Installing a fire alarm - practical advice. Design and installation of an integrated fire and security system Installation of fire alarm systems

Fire alarm installation is one of the most demanded services of Stroy-TK, a reliable partner in ensuring your safety at various facilities in Moscow and the region.

The professional approach of our specialists, competent design and installation of fire alarms, high quality and reliability of the equipment used - all this makes cooperation with the company objectively beneficial in all respects.

We specialize in the installation of almost all types of alarms that exist today, both standard fire alarm (FSA) and automatic fire alarm (APS). All technical equipment is distinguished by a high degree of reliability and reliability, thanks to which you can always be sure of your own safety.

Why do you need a security fire protection system?

The human factor, video surveillance system and individual fire extinguishing equipment are mandatory components of the security of any room, office, building, etc. However, not always all these measures make it possible to promptly respond to the emerging threat of fire or penetration and minimize damage.

Modern technologies make it possible to almost instantly identify the source of fire, burglary, etc., notify the relevant services about the threat and take measures to eliminate it. The installation of security and fire alarms, as well as their maintenance, do not require serious energy consumption, which makes them so popular and convenient.

Functions and tasks of the NSO

A modern security fire alarm is a highly efficient single system that operates autonomously. Installation of APS (automatic fire alarm) allows you to solve a whole range of tasks to ensure the safety of a separate room or an entire building.

• Fire detection- the system establishes the fact of a fire according to specific criteria.
• Collection of information - the FSA collects the necessary data and logs the processed information.
• Alarm generation- the system generates signals designed to notify everyone in the building about a fire.
• Activation of fire extinguishing systems- formation of commands to activate automatic means to eliminate fire and smoke.

Elements of security and fire alarm systems

The FSA includes many high-precision instruments and technical means, united into a single warning system. Depending on the type and purpose, the signaling can include various elements, however, the main functional units can be distinguished in each of them.

• Control system - this is the “brain” of the OPS, a central computer with specialized software. It is from this control panel that the settings of the entire system are set and its elements are controlled.
• Sensors, detectors and sensors - highly sensitive devices that capture control information of various types. They record the fact of a threat (fire, unauthorized entry into the territory, etc.) and transmit the received data to the appropriate nodes.
• Data collection and processing equipment - points where primary information from detectors is received.

Installation of turnkey fire alarm systems from "Stroy-TK"

The installation of the warning system is a rather painstaking work, which consists of several stages.

Installation cost

The cost of installing an OPS consists of several components: the amount of work, the complexity factor, the presence of additional requirements, etc. Of course, a fairly simple alarm system will cost you much less than a complex alarm system with many functionalities and options. The final cost of installation work can be established only after drawing up the project.

Prices for installation and installation of fire alarms

For detailed information on the installation of a fire and security alarm, please contact our office by phone

Ecolife Group of Companies carries out installation of automatic fire alarm and turnkey fire extinguishing systems for enterprises, office and shopping centers, schools and sports facilities, apartments, country houses, cottages and other facilities. The company also accepts maintenance and repairs for all types of fire alarm equipment.

Fire alarm installation contract, full set of documents

Our company works with legal entities and individuals. We conclude an agreement for all services provided, which is a document that clearly defines the cost and timing of work. Pre-negotiated terms reduce risks for both parties, and also ensure the benefits of the transaction for the seller and the buyer.
The signing of certificates of completion and acceptance and transfer of equipment means the successful completion of the work. We provide a full package of documents, including invoices, acts, invoices and cash receipts for cash payments, commissioning certificates, system settings. After the completion of the work, we continue to work with you as a consultant and service organization.

Visit of an engineer to calculate the cost of work is free of charge

Fire alarm installation cost

To calculate the exact cost of fire alarm installation work, call us or send an existing project for a fire alarm. We will calculate the price of installing the alarm during the day.

Installation of fire alarm systems is carried out on the basis of approved working (design) documentation.
In its absence, the engineers of Ecolife Group of Companies are ready to perform for you design work... To do this, we need the floor plans of your facility and technical requirements in the form of technical specifications for the design of a fire alarm.
After completing the project, our specialists will begin work on the installation of an automatic fire alarm system. Thus, Ecolife Group of Companies performs the design and installation of fire alarms in the complex.
Our specialist goes to the facility free of charge to calculate the price of a fire alarm, draw up a Commercial Offer and a Contract. Contact us by phone, email or the order form on the website.

Fire alarm installation: how we work

Fire alarm installation: stages of work

When the design work is completed, we can assume that the automatic fire alarm system already exists, albeit only in theory. All technical solutions have already been taken, the type of alarm system has been selected, the necessary equipment has been selected and materials have been selected. This system is unique and will not fit any other object. The next stage is installation work, which will bring what was conceived into practice and "breathe life" into the most important human protection system.

Therefore, installation of fire alarm systems - not only expensive, but also the most crucial stage of work. It requires attention and control not only from the contractor, but also from the owner of the facility.

Any construction and installation work can be divided into two components:

1. Direct execution of works;
2. Preparation of acceptance documentation.

This is not to say that one is more important than the other. Both components are needed for the further stable operation of the system and its operation. Before delivery of the completed work, the customer must have a fully tested and functioning fire alarm system and several folders with documentation.

As in the case of design, it would be nice for the customer to have in his arsenal a person who is able to understand all this and control the process. In large companies, this is not a problem. By order, an engineer is appointed, or even a whole engineering organization is contracted, which exercises technical supervision over the work and documentation. If for the customer this work is a one-time job, or there is simply no opportunity to hire someone else, then you will have to figure out the key points yourself.

So where does the installation of a fire alarm begin?

The installation process can be conditionally divided into several stages:

1. Selection of a contractor company;
2. Inspection of the object and conclusion of the contract;
3. Purchase of equipment and materials;
4. Performing electrical work;
5. Commissioning works.

Fire alarm installation: choosing a contractor

When performing installation work, the most important thing for the customer is preparation. Finding a company that meets all the requirements, discussing all the subtleties and features of the object - this must be done before signing an agreement or contract. In the process of performing work, it will be possible only to monitor compliance with all contractual obligations, without interfering with the production process.

The choice among companies that install fire alarms is quite wide. Even in a relatively small city, you can find a couple of such organizations. In order for a company to carry out this type of activity, it must at least have a license from the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation.
Recently, specialized organizations have joined the ranks of members of Self-Regulatory Organizations (SRO) and receive a "Certificate of admission to certain types of work." In this certificate they are interested in the section "Installation of fire protection equipment". This certificate gives the right to perform work on the installation of fire alarms in strictly defined cases. Therefore, if you need to install an alarm in any "standard" operating building (shop, office, hotel), then such a certificate is not required. But, if your chosen company has it, then this fact can definitely be considered an advantage.

Inspection of the facility and the conclusion of a contract for the installation of a fire alarm

Now a little about what is required from the customer before concluding a contract for the implementation of installation work.

Firstly, you should have on hand (or on an electronic medium) a draft of the stage "P". On the basis of this project, the installation organization will be able to calculate the price of equipment, as well as the cost of construction, installation and commissioning. If you have a project in electronic form, then you can simply take and call several companies, send them the project by e-mail and ask them to submit a commercial offer. In this case, you do not have to waste time on meetings or trips. And the proposals received can be compared in terms of cost and other conditions (deadline for work, availability / absence of advance payments, etc.) at a convenient time.

Secondly, the customer needs to imagine in detail how the work will be performed from an administrative and economic point of view. You can even draw up a small document with your requirements for the performance of work. And such a document will be called, as in the case of the design, "Terms of Reference". Samples of such a document can be easily found on the vastness of the worldwide network. In this document, you can, for example, specify certain hours for performing work. If the object of protection is a hotel, then this requirement will be relevant and justified. Also, one of the requirements may be cleaning the premises (dry or wet) at the end of each working day, with the determination of the place of garbage storage. Or you, as a customer, can demand the constant presence of a responsible employee at your facility from the company in order to be able to resolve any technical or organizational issues that arise at any time.

Thirdly, both for the installation organization and for the customer, it will be extremely useful to inspect the object before concluding a work contract. The main purpose of this event is to check the conformity of the design and actual data of the facility. In practice, it happens that a considerable period of time can pass from the moment the design work is completed until the start of the alarm installation. This happens especially often at facilities under construction. And during this period, some architectural changes may occur at the facility, which they simply forgot to introduce into the project of an automatic fire alarm. In such cases, preliminary examination can become extremely important.
For the customer, this is also a great way to get to know a potential contractor better and the opportunity to see him “in action”. And the contractor will be able to visualize the scale of the upcoming work and discuss with the owner of the facility some of the subtleties of installation.

It is clear that such requirements can lead to an increase in the total cost of work. But if there are circumstances that you consider extremely important when installing a fire alarm, then they must be conveyed to the contractor. And best of all, if your requirements are in writing. In this case, they can be fully transferred to the contract, or this Terms of Reference can be drawn up as an annex to it.

Fire alarm installation: purchase of equipment and materials

This task can be accomplished in several ways.

The first way - the customer is fully engaged in the supply. There can be many reasons for such a contractual relationship. If during the negotiations the parties came to such a decision, then it is beneficial for them. For the installer, this is at least convenient:

• no need to spend resources on the purchase and transportation of equipment to the site,
• in the case of receiving defective equipment or "incomplete set", there is no need to replace it;

This type of cooperation is quite common. You don't need any licenses or certificates to buy equipment. But, if the customer decided to take on the role of a supplier, then he must understand that any questions regarding the discrepancy between the purchased equipment and the design equipment, as well as possible problems with its replacement or return, will fall on his shoulders. If all this does not make much trouble, then this method can be easily implemented in practice.

Second waywhen the purchase of materials is entrusted to the installer, it is more common. In this case, the installation organization also becomes a supplier for the customer. There are several reasons for this.
Firstly, installation companies buy equipment for fire automation systems on an ongoing basis. This means that they know all the nearest trading companies and are guided by the prices of this or that equipment from different sellers. As a result, installation companies have significant discounts from the sellers they work with, so they can also help save your budget.
Secondly, all installation companies have a certain stock of equipment in stock. It is not at all necessary that the installation company will be able to fully provide the object with everything necessary from its stocks of warehouse equipment. But picking up equipment from your warehouse in order to immediately start production of installation work is quite likely. And in a day or two they will be able to deliver everything else directly from the trading company. Convenient, isn't it?
Thirdly, all responsibility for the quality and performance of the equipment will lie with the installer. That is, if some equipment nevertheless turns out to be defective or damaged (which in practice occurs much more often than we would like), the installation organization will have to take on the work of replacing it. At the same time, given the presence of a warehouse, most often the replacement occurs instantly and the installation process does not have to be stopped.

Third way most often used by large companies. It consists in organizing a tender for the purchase of equipment. If there is no such experience, then you can face a number of serious difficulties. Probably, the most verified way of organizing a purchase will be to contact professional companies that not only carry out these purchases, but will also be able to advise in detail. With well-crafted procurement specifications, very significant cost savings can be achieved. Otherwise, you still have to spend time and human resources to control the fulfillment of the terms of the supply agreement.

Installation works at the facility. Alarm installation

After carrying out the preparatory work, you can proceed to the installation.

It's no secret that the installation of an automatic fire alarm is a process that must meet a huge number of requirements. If the customer has specialists who are able to control the installation process, this will greatly simplify the control task. If there are no such specialists, they can be hired. And then the customer will only have administrative functions.
In addition to design technical solutions and conditions for the performance of work dictated by the customer, there are a number of requirements that the installation organization must comply with.

1. Since the work is aimed at ensuring fire safety, they must comply with fire safety standards.
2. Alarm installation is a job that is directly related to electrical work. And despite the fact that these works for the most part refer to low-current systems (up to 60 V), they must meet the requirements for electrical work.
3. Do not forget that the installation of a fire alarm is one of the stages of construction. Therefore, the production of work on the installation of alarm systems must comply with building regulations.
4. In addition to all of the above, during work it is necessary to observe safety precautions and labor protection requirements. There are many such requirements. And if the object of protection is a zone of increased danger, then their number increases and becomes tougher at times.

It may seem that such a number of requirements are simply impossible to fulfill. But for experienced companies that have been conducting this activity for several years and have equipped several tens or hundreds of objects with fire-prevention automation, all these norms and rules are very familiar and are carried out at the level of habit. They can competently substantiate and document their every step and every action. Therefore, when choosing a company as a contractor, do not forget to find out about the experience in this area and the number of completed projects. It will not be superfluous to clarify about work on objects that are similar in their specifics or similar to your object. It is worth noting that installation organizations that care about their reputation prepare separate documents, which, in chronological order, reflect the list of significant objects on which the company worked. Such documents are called "Business reputation". And in addition to this document, customer reviews may be attached.

Construction and installation work begins with introductory and initial briefings. Both of them are aimed at ensuring that the work carried out is carried out with maximum attention and is safe for everyone involved in the production process.

Induction training carried out by the customer. It can take place both orally and in the form of a video presentation. The main purpose of this briefing is to convey information about the object, its purpose and features from the point of view of safe installation work. An introductory briefing is carried out by an occupational safety engineer or other responsible person who performs these functions on the basis of an order from the head. After the briefing, each employee puts his signature in the briefing log, thereby confirming its passage.

Initial briefing also carried out at the facility. Unlike the introductory briefing, it is carried out by the responsible representative of the installation organization. And it is aimed primarily at informing employees about the requirements of labor protection and safety. When performing electrical work, which includes work on the installation of a fire alarm, these requirements relate to safety when working with electricity, hand and power tools, rules for working at height, etc. If the object is an area of \u200b\u200bincreased danger (gas, oil, metallurgical, etc. industries), then in addition to the general rules, instruction is supplemented with cross-industry or highly specialized requirements.

Throughout the entire period of construction and installation work, the customer has the right to monitor and control the process of their implementation. If the customer has questions, he has the right to ask them both orally and in writing. Indeed, despite the fact that the introductory briefing has been carried out, the customer is responsible for the specialists working at his facility. Moreover, the customer has the right to suspend work if he sees violations in their production or non-compliance with labor protection requirements. Typically, most of these issues are negotiated. In very rare cases, when certain rules are systematically violated, the customer can terminate the contract.

Commissioning works when putting fire alarm into operation

After the completion of the installation work, it is the turn of the commissioning works. The name speaks for itself about its composition. The essence of the work is to start the mounted system and fix all possible installation errors, malfunctions in the operation of system nodes, and identify possible defective equipment. Also, in the commissioning mode, it is necessary to test the system in all modes of operation, and make sure that it correctly and clearly fulfills the received signals and sent commands.

Commissioning should not be underestimated, especially if the object of protection is a large building with many systems associated with fire alarms in their work.
After the system has been fully checked and tested, it is left on for 72 hours. This period is called the "operating time". The meaning of this practice is to identify malfunctions in the operation of the system or its individual components that did not appear during the testing process.

It happens, albeit in very rare cases, that the customer hires a separate organization to perform commissioning. From a legal point of view, this is a perfectly acceptable measure. But if you look at it from the economic or organizational point of view, then the customer, of course, loses. After all, the new contractor will include all overhead costs in the estimated cost, and in order to attract him, you will again have to select, acquaint you with the project and the object, draw up a technical task and conduct briefings. This will certainly take a lot of time and resources. The only positive side of this step can be the need to transfer the installation work to a new contractor. That is, one specialized organization will be able to carry out an intermediate assessment of the work performed by another specialized organization. Otherwise, such a “castling” will only create problems. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, installation and commissioning is carried out by one organization.

After the completion of the work, the installation organization notifies the customer in writing about the readiness for a comprehensive testing of the mounted system.

Registration of acceptance documents for fire alarms

In order to document the fact of performing any construction and installation work, there is a so-called "Acceptance and delivery documentation". In its composition, it usually has four sections:

1. Permits documentation;
2. Working documentation;
3. Production documentation;
4. Executive documentation.

These sections are drawn up based on regulations, government standards and building codes. The composition of the documents differs depending on the type of work performed. Each section is completed in a separate folder and supplied with a register of documents included in it. The contractor must first of all know how to correctly and competently draw up the Acceptance Documentation. He, in fact, must develop and sign it by all responsible persons involved in the production process. A detailed list of documents that make up each section of this set is usually reflected already at the time of drawing up the agreement (contract).

After reading all the above information, it may seem that control of the installation of automatic fire alarms on the part of the customer is an extremely difficult task. Especially for those who are faced with the need to equip the facility with fire-prevention automation for the first time.

Fire and security systems are in demand and are used at a variety of facilities. The complexes are distinguished by their functionality and are presented in a wide variety. Therefore, it is best to know the features of different types of equipment before installing an alarm.

Alarm and its principle of operation

The security and fire complex consists of equipment that allows timely detection and notification of danger. Sensitive sensors are the key element. They react to a rise in temperature, smoke, notifying the owners of a fire. The automatic fire extinguishing system is activated, the sound signal of danger. So the equipment allows you to save life and property.

Sensors are placed on the ceiling

The complex of devices includes sensor devices, which are presented in the form of sensors and detectors. The processing of information received from the sensors is carried out by other devices, and the control unit allows you to control the system operation. The set of devices also includes peripheral components that are connected to the control panel:

• control panel;
• printer for printing messages;
• sound and light annunciators;
• short circuit isolation module.

All devices interact with each other, providing timely notification of the owners of the house about the danger. The complete set of the system may differ in functionality, the type of elements used, but the security and fire system works as efficiently as possible with the correct settings.

Design and calculation

To equip the system of a security and fire complex in a room, it is important to have a correct project that allows you to create a complex that meets the established requirements. A unified standard assumes that the system meets the basic standards, which is necessary for the correct and efficient operation of the alarm. Design is an important step. The premises are examined, and in this process the specialist receives the information necessary to calculate the parameters. And also design involves taking into account the following GOST requirements:

• conductive outer or inner pipes are designed according to the ring method. Conductive installations can be dead-end, but only for control units in the amount of less than three. The length of the outer dead-end wire should not exceed 200 m;
• sanitary-technical or industrial, complex equipment must not be connected to the pipelines that provide power to the fire extinguishing system;
• pipelines are attached to the main structural elements of the house, but are not a support for other structures;
• the estimated volume of water for the fire extinguishing system must be stored in water supply tanks, but it is important to provide for the presence of devices that prevent the consumption of liquid for other needs;
• the period of filling the calculated volume with local extinguishing cannot exceed 180 s.

When calculating, it is worth considering that one sensor controls a square in space with sides equal to the height of the ceiling, but not more than 4 m. Design and calculation of systems are carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST R 50800, as well as GOST 3262. NPB 88-2001 is often the main document , according to which a complex of pipelines is being equipped.

Fire alarm: types of systems

There are the main types of fire and security alarms, differing in parameters, functionality and installation rules. Complexes of various levels of complexity are required for fire warning and differ in the principle of operation.

Conventional fire alarm

The conventional system involves the use of control and monitoring devices that measure the current in the alarm loop with installed detectors. These elements can be in states: "fire" or "normal". If a fire is detected, then the internal resistance in the detector abruptly changes, as well as the current in the system loop. As a result, an emergency alert is generated.

The traditional signaling scheme is simple

Addressable analogue complex

In this set of equipment, the control panel (SCP) is a monoblock with one or more loops. They have a ring structure. At the same time, it is easy to connect up to 200 elements to one loop. The ring complex includes the following components:

• addressable automatic fire detectors;
• addressable manual fire detectors;
• address relays;
• addressable sirens;
• control modules.

In an analogue addressable system, the detector is not responsible for the decision on the presence of a fire, but is only a measuring device. The sensor transmits information to the control panel about the received parameters, which makes it possible to distinguish between a fault in the detector's electrical circuit and dust accumulation in the smoke chamber. Equipment of this type for making a decision about a fire does not use single indicators, but pre-prepared information about the state of the controlled space. In this case, abrupt short interference is not perceived, but persistent indicators, signals from a real source of ignition are taken into account.

The system is efficient and easy to operate

Threshold type system with radial stubs

In the complex of the threshold type with radial loops, there are special fire alarms that are already set to a certain threshold or level for triggering. A heat sensitive sensor is responsible for deciding a fire when a certain temperature threshold occurs, and then an alert is given. The peculiarity of the complex lies in the radial view of the cable topology. So from the central unit, loop-rays of wires with connected detectors are diverted. Up to 30 warning elements can be connected to one beam. When one of them is triggered, the loop number is displayed on the main panel, but it is impossible to get other information.

Threshold system design is simple enough

Threshold alarm with modular structure

Systems of this type do not have a central control panel. It has been replaced by interconnected blocks that are placed next to the sensitive sensors. Such units receive signals from 100 or more loops. When installing an alarm with a model structure on a large area, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the receivers by installing additional blocks. Receiving devices transmit signals to the main panel. In this system, one- or two-threshold wired loops are also installed. Using the latter option, it is easy to detect a fire and learn about its level.

Modern types of sensors

Sensors of various types are present in any type of security and fire alarm system. Their number and functionality may be different, but it is thanks to sensitive devices that the system reacts to fire. The classification of devices depends on the type of transmitted signal, the variant of the monitored parameter change, as well as depending on the location and type of sensor. Sensitive devices are classified according to their intended purpose, and one system can include several types of elements. This ensures the functionality of the security and fire alarm system.

temperature sensor

Heating devices that are sensitive to an increase in room temperature are always present in the security and fire alarm system. The action of such a device is activated when the air temperature rises in the controlled environment. Some devices operate in response to changes in electrical resistance with changes in temperature, while others use deformable structures.

Sensors also differ in appearance

Smoke detectors

Sensitive components that are triggered by the appearance of smoke are a popular and effective option for security and fire alarms. They quickly catch the appearance of smoke and allow you to take the necessary action in a timely manner. For example, a short circuit in electrical wiring often occurs when oxygen is poorly available and has a long smoldering period. In this case, the smoke detector gives the necessary signal and the fire extinguishing system is activated, if such a structure is provided for in the project.

Smoke detector unobtrusive on the ceiling

Flame detector: principle of operation and features

High-quality flame detectors react actively to an open fire or a smoldering hearth. The devices are practically not used in residential areas, but they are effective in industrial or outdoor areas. The principle of operation is based on the fact that the flame is always accompanied by electromagnetic radiation, the degree of which depends on the intensity and temperature of the fire. Radiation is divided into visible, infrared and ultraviolet. The sensitive component of the device quickly picks up such manifestations in one or more ranges. These sensors are often used in the gas and petrochemical industries.

The appearance of the flame sensor is quite simple

Gas sensor

This device is very rarely used in automatic fire extinguishing alarms, as there is a high risk of false alarms. For domestic purposes, the sensor is effective and notifies of a gas leak from the communications. The device reacts to manifestations of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.

Installation and connection of security and fire alarm systems

The installation of a security and fire system requires proper design, which is carried out taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, the type of sensors and other factors. At the initial stage of work, it is necessary to calculate all the parameters of the system, which only a specialist can do. This is due to the complexity of the signaling, which includes many devices.

The system can include several types of sensors

A simple warning system can be installed in a private residential building or apartment. In this case, it is necessary to select devices with optimal characteristics, as well as determine the place of their installation.

To master the editing technology step by step, recommendations in the video format allow. You can find out the features of installing and connecting devices in a private house from the video instructions.

Video: fire alarm installation

Installation of fire detectors

Before installing the system, determine the location of the sensors. Sensitive devices are optimal in areas of high fire hazard: in the kitchen, in the living room with a fireplace. In the house, devices are installed to the boiler room in the presence of a gas heating boiler. In this case, it is best to use combined sensors that react to an open flame, smoke, gas.

For installation, you need to determine the number of sensors

For proper functioning, you need to take into account the rules for choosing a place and installing sensitive elements:

• the distance between the sensors should be from 9 m, and from the corners and walls - 4.5 m;
• the correct layout is the key to the correct arrangement of the elements;
• sensors are installed at a distance from heat and flame sources;
• in narrow and long corridors, the spacing between the sensors must be considered first.

Action warning system

For domestic use, local warning systems are often used. The complexes may not have a common centralized control, and the sound signal is recorded in advance. The system assumes the presence of an amplifier as well as a speech processor. The disadvantage is expressed in the fact that with the help of equipment it is impossible to quickly manage the evacuation. Control is important in the event of a non-standard situation or in the event of rapidly changing events.

Possible malfunctions after installation

All malfunctions of the security and fire alarm systems are often associated with incorrect installation of sensors. If the norms for the distance between the elements are violated or when they are close to heating devices, a constant sound signal may be emitted. The following factors can lead to malfunction:

• poor quality of sensors;
• electromagnetic interference;
• strong acoustic vibrations;
• getting into the sensors of dust, insects;
• malfunction of the device design.

If any irregularities are identified, it is best to remove the alarm, determine the cause and troubleshoot. In any case, you should not use low quality devices that will not provide safety.

How to remove the alarm with your own hands?

Dismantling of the security and fire alarm system includes the elimination of all the elements that make up the complex. If the sound notification is false, then you should make sure of this. If there is no source of ignition, smoke or gas leakage, the sensors must be turned off. To do this, remove the battery from them or disconnect from the centralized control panel. To temporarily deactivate the sensors only in one room, cover the sensitive element with adhesive tape or foil.

Fire alarm sensors are important components of the system. The correct operation of the entire complex of devices depends on the quality of their connection. You can master the installation and connection with the help of video guidelines.

Video: connecting sensors

The security and fire alarm system is effective and ensures safety. Correct installation and selection of sensors are important points for correct system operation. For this, the design is carried out, as well as the features are mastered and the characteristics of the devices are selected.

At the moment, security and fire alarms have become quite common, which increase the level of protection of all kinds of objects. Thanks to its “multifaceted” functionality and component composition, not only a fire is detected in a timely manner, but also a thorough control over the protected area is carried out. Such a device is quite complex and expensive to install and service, but you will not find an electronic device that is so reliable.

What is the principle of the fire alarm system

A fire-fighting system is a whole "set" of different technical devices that ensure fire safety of various types of buildings, equipment, people, and also material values. It includes two systems: warning people in the building and fire alarm.

OPS device diagram

Due to the fact that a software and hardware dispatcher was installed, you will always see the source of fire on the site plan. If a semi-automatic mode was set on the alarm, then after an alarm signal is received from it, the security service must turn on the personnel warning system about the fire and at the same time activate visual, voice, and also voice messages.

When the fire alarm in the building is confirmed, the main signal will be transmitted to the ACS - the "message" system and thereby will bring all the alarm elements into the mode of urgent personnel evacuation. Also, the signal will go to the control system of various engineering networks of the building, after which they will go into the fire hazard mode.

A fire device operating in automatic mode performs the following functions:

• Identification of a fire zone;
• Detection of a focus after 2-time confirmation from the moment of registration;
• Monitoring network faults for short circuit, as well as open circuit with reference to the building plan;
• Detection of the focus at the initial stage;
• Control of different units with the output of the results obtained to the dispatcher's workstation;
• Viewing the fire condition of the building areas on a detailed as well as a general plan, which are displayed on the dispatcher's console in text and graphic formats.

Features of design and calculation

The design of the FSA is the main stage on which the effective operation of the entire system depends. Such work should be done by professionals, since this is a complex scheme with a number of calculations, a significant number of devices and their location. However, since they are all connected by a loop, it is therefore necessary to design a path for further laying. In addition, one must take into account the possible nuances that are being developed in the project to eliminate emerging threats.

OPS project for a high-rise building

However, the development of an OPS project is a subjective process, since each object must be carefully studied taking into account the specifics of use, as well as plans. Moreover, it is necessary to assess:

• The complexity of the design;
• The size of the rooms;
• The specifics of the layout.

Attention should also be paid to places with the most probable occurrence of the outbreak. The design of the fire alarm system is carried out taking into account the PUE, as well as the DSTU. The project includes a huge number of different works:

• Terms of reference, which takes into account all the wishes of the client;
• Study of the premises;
• Creation of a standard project with all the estimated estimates for the work performed;
• After agreeing on all the nuances with the client, all documents and estimates are signed;
• Installation and testing for operability of the FSA.

In the process of preparing for the installation of an alarm, it is necessary to carry out many calculations, thanks to which you can choose the most ideal type of device and at the same time avoid additional costs, for example, with the maintenance of detectors or the installation of the system itself.

Typical project of security and fire alarm

The most important step in the calculation is to determine the ideal capacity for the energy source itself. In other words, it is necessary to decide which type of power supply is most suitable for connecting the detectors. Not only accumulators, but also ordinary batteries can act as a source.

Security and fire alarm devices

The required source capacity is usually indicated in the fire alarm operating instructions itself. Therefore, it is necessary to check the value on the battery case with the available information in the instructions. If the power capacity is not enough, then buy a more powerful device. If you are connecting several batteries, then you need to make sure they are of the same voltage.

Also check the required wire cross-section for the alarm and pay attention to the characteristics of the battery capacity for different modes of operation (alarm, standby). Next, you need to summarize these values, after which you will receive the total battery capacity indicators of your particular OPS.

System types

Today there are a huge number of different fire alarms of all possible levels of complexity. However, they all perform one function - they control the protected object with the help of detectors. Most modern fire systems can remotely transmit a signal to the main security console and even perform many other service functions. But their main task is the timely detection of fire on the territory of the facility or illegal entry. Depending on the method of determining the fire hazard, systems can be divided into the following types:

• Unaddressed. Conventional sensors (manual, thermal, as well as smoke) are connected to the control and monitoring devices, which display only the number of their loop. At the same time, they do not transmit the address of the room, as well as the number, to the main panel.

  Non-addressable FSA system

• The addressable system works according to the following principle - the control panel receives data from the detectors, thereby determining the exact area of \u200b\u200bthe fire.

  Addressable security and fire alarm system

• Analogue addressable signaling is a very effective and reliable device, since the received information goes to the main panel, and then it is analyzed by the main processor. It is up to the software package to give an alarm or not, and not a specific detector.

  Analogue addressable security and fire alarm

• The threshold system with radial stubs is the most budgetary, however, its installation will be expensive. At the same time, this type of alarm can often give false alarms, so it will be necessary to duplicate detectors, which will lead to increased costs.

  Threshold alarm system with radial stubs

• The modular threshold system is more advanced, since you can track any malfunction on the PC, which means that you can instantly take the necessary measures and troubleshoot. The disadvantage is the high price.

  Threshold modular devices of the fire alarm system

The main types of sensors

Fire detectors or sensors are special devices that allow fixing certain properties of fire ignition with its initial detection and further prevention. Also, sensors are the main element of the entire alarm system, providing fire safety. The reliability of the detector determines, in general, the effective operation of the system, and they are divided into such types as:

Heat detectors

They react to changes in air temperature and can be divided into:

Use a heat sensor only if heat is the main symptom of a fire.

Smoke detectors

They help to detect the presence of smoke in the air, and they work on the principle of scattering infrared radiation on smoke particles. The disadvantage of smoke detectors is that they are capable of being triggered even with a significant amount of dust and steam in the room. But meanwhile, they are very popular, although smoke detectors are not used in smoking rooms or very dusty rooms.

Smoke detector OPS

Flame detectors

They fire only from an open flame or a smoldering hearth. They are installed mainly in rooms where a fire is possible without the initial release of smoke. They are also able to detect a fire in the initial stages, that is, in the absence of most factors, such as temperature drops and smoke. Flame detectors are used in industrial premises characterized by significant heat exchange and dustiness.

Flame detector OPS

These sensors are suitable for a variety of applications as they react to smoke, heat and even gas in the air. They act on the principle of identifying a number of chemical reactions. These detectors contain particles of carbon monoxide, and the automatic settings can determine the ideal temperature of the oxide, which changes when this signal is received.

Fire alarm system gas leak detector

Combined sensors

They are able to detect signs of fire in several ways at once. Basically, these are devices that have the functions of not only a smoke, but also a heat sensor, thanks to which you can specifically identify signs of fire, and then notify people.

Combined fire alarm system detector

Installation and connection of security and fire alarm systems

1. You must define the required number of detectors. And for this you need to know the height of the ceiling of the room, as well as its area. According to the documentation, with a ceiling height of more than 3.5 meters and 80 square meters. area, you will need one detector, but safety rules state that even in a small room, at least 2 sensors must be installed. Therefore, it is best to be guided by these particular norms.

   Installing an OPS detector

2. Where the sensors will be installed, it is necessary to mark the place. The distance from the detector to the wall should be about 450 cm, while the gap between the sensors should be about 900 cm. This rule applies to single-level ceilings with a maximum height of 350 cm. Wall-mounted detectors are installed 200 mm from the ceiling.

   OPS wall detector

3. The detectors must be fixed at the originally marked places, after which they are connected to the power source with 2-core wires. Devices must be connected in series with each other. The resistor is installed in the block of the most recent sensor.

   Connecting the detectors to the power supply

4. After you connect the last detector, they must be checked for functionality. To do this, near the detector, it is necessary to conduct a flame from a lighted match or candle.

   Checking the performance of the heat detector of the fire alarm system

Where and how to install fire detectors

The standards for the installation of OPS detectors are quite liberal: between the sensors it is 9 meters, from the wall - 4.5 meters. However, this arrangement is made solely for the sake of comfortable configuration of a particular fire system. In this regard, it can be concluded that the installation and location of detectors is more complicated.

Fire and security alarm installation diagram

When installing sensors on walls, the distance should be at least 200 cm, otherwise they will give a false alarm, as they will be in the "smoke pocket".

The sensitivity of the detector depends directly on the remoteness of the source of danger and it does not survey the entire hemisphere. In an empty room, the area controlled by the sensor depends only on the ceiling height.

By the flame:

• Up to 15 sq. - from 6 to 9 meters;
• Up to 20 sq. M. - from 3.5 to 6 meters;
• Up to 25 sq. M. - 3.5 meters;
• More than 9 meters - it will be impossible to control, since the fire will become a fire, and the sensor itself will not work.

• Up to 85 sq. M. - this is up to 3.5 meters;
• Up to 70 sq. M. - this is from 3.5 to 6 meters;
• Up to 65 sq. M. - this is from 6 to 10 meters;
• Up to 55 sq. M. - from 10 meters.

However, the exact calculation of the location of the detectors needs to be simulated on a PC or by a professional.

How the alert system works

When the detectors detect a fire, the fire warning system is automatically activated. By their principle of operation, as well as composition, warning systems are divided into:

The notification function is realized through the output as well as the input interfaces. Alphanumeric and light indicators, as well as audible alarms, are used to display information.

Possible malfunctions after installation

Inadequate prevention is the main cause of fire alarm problems. In other words, all preventive work must be constantly carried out. Smoke detectors very often fail, as various particles and other debris get into their chamber. However, there is a break in the loop or system errors, which also cause malfunctions.

Considering the fire alarm system, the main problems are highlighted:

Dirty and dusty workspaces, high humidity or high temperatures often cause significant damage to fire alarms. Also, banal reasons, for example, cable breakage, become the reason for the failure of the alarm system, because of which the alarm can even beep, blink, and so on without fire. But the most serious cause of malfunctions still becomes the intervention of unqualified specialists, amateur performances or the term of operation approaching completion.

How to remove a fire alarm yourself

If the alarm went off for no reason, then it can be completely turned off. The most elementary option is to get the power (battery) out of the sensor or disconnect the receiving and control device from the network.

Attention! In this case, the fire alarm will become useless and will not be able to warn you about a real fire.

In addition, many fire alarms are equipped with additional power supplies and a button located on the front of the detector, which will also need to be disabled. When the button is pressed, the device goes into alarm mode, and the sound signal is automatically reset.

Also, the fire alarm is also turned off using the centralized control panel, but for this you need to know the password. If you cannot find out the reason for the breakdown of the device, then decide the issue radically - bite off the wires that go to the sensor, but in this case the device will stop working altogether and will just resemble a decorative element.

Video: how to connect an OPS with your own hands

Human safety is a top priority, while it does not matter at the workplace or at home. This can be ensured by installing the OPS in combination with other devices. But in order for the alarm to work as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules for design, installation and its operation.