Timing of picking raspberries. Raspberry picking
Who doesn't have at least a few bushes in their summer cottage? How good it is to pick up a handful and, throwing your head back, send into your mouth fragrant, smelling of summer and the sun, red berries, closing your eyes with delight ... And also - to stock up on your own for the winter, especially since the best medicine for it is hard to come up with ...
With proper care, raspberries will delight you with a rich harvest
True, not every raspberry tree pleases the owners with an abundance of berries. It is good if you managed to purchase fruitful varieties of different ripening times in a specialized store, and even a few bushes: then we are "on a white horse" (read more about it in articles and).
And if raspberries are the most common? Is it possible to do something to make her please both with an excellent harvest and a good large berry? - Can! There are some simple secrets that will definitely help keep the raspberry plant in excellent condition. Secrets are the secret desires of the raspberry bush, which he would certainly tell us about if he could talk.
Secret 1: lots of sun
Raspberry doesn't like shadows.
She will easily tolerate slight shading in the morning hours, but it is desirable for her to be in the sun for the rest of the day.
Secret 2: good watering
Thanks to the abundant alone, you can literally increase the yield several times! However, turning the raspberry into a swamp is not worth it - a measure is needed in everything: how often to water, the weather will tell, etc. It is enough to remember: drying out of the soil under raspberries should not be allowed - the harvest is immediately lost!Secret 3: proper feeding
Although raspberries are an unpretentious crop, they will always be grateful for and respond with a noticeable increase in yield. If by the time of planting raspberries the soil in the selected area has already been fertilized with the old or (at the recommended rate - 10 kg per 1 m²), then the plant has enough nutrients for several years. If the land under the raspberries is poor, then it is imperative to feed the bushes or complex fertilizers. It:- rotted chicken droppings (in autumn);
- (at any time);
- (Spring);
- (Spring);
- (spring and early summer).
Fertilizer recipes
- complex mineral:for 10 liters of water: ammonium nitrate - 30 g, potassium salt - 40 g, superphosphate - 60 g;
- complex "raspberry":add 6 g of potassium + 6 g of nitrogen + 4 g of phosphorus to 3 kg of manure; use at the rate of 1.5 kg of finished fertilizer per 1 m².
Secret 8: pest control
Raspberries are rarely affected. But if this happens, try to avoid the application, it is better to use alternative methods or.The latter are quite widely represented on our market, where it is very convenient to compare prices for goods from different online stores. ...
Fitoverm 20 RUB
Russian Vegetable Garden
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Russian Vegetable Garden
Material prepared by:
Deputy Executive Director of the Association of Russian Gardeners (APPYAPM), Leading Specialist of the Association of Nursery Gardeners (ASP-RUS) for berry crops
L.A. Schekotova
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Scientific Consultant of the Association ASP-RUS
Danilova T.A.
Specialist of the Association ASP-RUS, student of MichGAU
Using material J. Ciesielska - E. Malusa
Raspberry yield and fruit picking
Black raspberry variety - Glen Glova
Raspberry yields on production sites can be up to 15-16 t / ha when cultivating highly productive varieties such as Molling-Exployd and Zeva. The average yield is 10-12 t / ha, given by such varieties as Glen-Glova, Glen-Moy. For remontant varieties, the yield is from 3 to 10 t / ha, on average - 5-6 t / ha. The highest yields are obtained where there is sufficient water supply in August, during flowering and fruit ripening.
Raspberries can be cultivated in one place for 10-15 years, but the commercially significant period does not exceed 7-8 years, after which there is a significant decrease in yield due to the spread of viruses.
Approximately 30-40 days after flowering, the fruits begin to ripen, become soft, and easily separate from the fruit. At this stage of ripening, the fruits require careful handling, they remain in good condition for several days after harvest, if they are on the plant for a longer time - they lose their appearance, soften, become very susceptible to rot. Even sun exposure during ripening can damage the fruit, making them pale, watery.
Special box on high legs for picking raspberries
The harvesting period for red raspberries lasts 4-6 weeks, starting in June - the earliest varieties ripen, and the late varieties ripen at the end of August, the main harvest is harvested in July. Fruit ripening on the plantation is extended, but for each variety the period of mass harvest corresponds to the period of fruit ripening in the middle part of the shoot. Harvesting should be done every 2-3 days to obtain good quality fruit. But fruit can be harvested daily during the period of mass ripening, especially on days with high air temperatures. The frequency of collection depends on the variety. Varieties with tender, juicy fruits and amicable ripening can be harvested quite easily and quickly, for example, these are Glen Ample, Lashka, Norna, Ross, Latham. At the same time, the fruits of such varieties as September, Jewel clones, Glen-Glova and other new breeding forms can be removed for a longer time. In some varieties - Viten and September, although the fruits are red, they are difficult to separate from the fruit, they must be left on the bush for at least one more day.
Glen Ample is a traditional industrial raspberry variety
The Rrimocanes variety is characterized by a long harvest period - 6-7 weeks, and a more uniform ripening of fruits - from early August to the first autumn frosts.
Raspberries, which are harvested by hand, have the characteristic color of the variety and are free from rot, are intended for fresh consumption or for freezing. The rejected fruits are processed for the production of juices and jams.
Berries of a photoneutral raspberry variety - Polyana
Scientists have tried to find more objective criteria for determining the optimal harvest time, but in practice they use a more practical and very subjective approach - the color of the fruit and the strength of the separation. French researchers have developed a scale in which five stages of distinguishable color changes, using it, determine the direction of use of the crop. The color change occurs in two stages: the first, in which there are pigments and the fruit changes color from white to pink-red (stages S1-S2), the second is degradation and oxidation, the appearance of dark red and red-violet pigments (stages S3, S4 and S5). According to this scale, it is recommended to pick the fruit at stages S2-S3, when they are easily separated from the fruit. For goods to be exported, it is necessary to harvest at the ripening stage of S2 fruits and store the fruits properly, since color degradation occurs quickly, especially in fruits stored at room temperature.
Doctor S.-kh. Mukhanin I.V. demonstrates raspberries collected in cardboard boxes
Raspberries are mostly harvested by hand as the fruit is very tender and must be handled with great care. Collecting berries is a laborious process, but it is a crucial step for every grower. The picker can collect from 15 to 45 kg of fruits per working day, depending on the degree of fruiting, the purpose of the product and the cultivation technology.
After picking, berries should be placed in containers with a capacity of 100-250 g as soon as possible, even if they are intended for freezing, especially with an individual freezing system (IQF). It is very useful for manual picking to have tables on which containers of raspberries are placed in baskets or boxes made of plastic or paper, preferably with the platform moving along the row behind the pickers. Another option is also used, in which the box or basket is attached to the collector with aluminum straps. The filled container is left in the shade of the bushes. Fruits with noticeable defects - berry shape, size or color are used to make jams, concentrates, natural juices, or frozen in larger containers - 2-5 kg. For both types of harvesting, it is important to carry out loading within a short time - no more than 3-4 hours, then there should be no manipulations and shaking, which significantly reduces the quality of the fruit.
Tall drawer stands used when picking raspberries
A number of countries use progressive harvesting technologies (USA, Denmark, Scotland, New Zealand) - they are introducing mechanized harvesting. In fact, if workers are in short supply, mechanized collection is the main condition to expand the production of this culture. This method is widespread in the United States: for example, in the states of Oregon and Washington, about 85% of red raspberries are harvested by a harvester, but the further path of the product determines its quality - such fruits are processed.
Collecting raspberries with a trailed harvester
To make a decision on the widespread use of machine technology for harvesting fruits, the plantation must be specially prepared. The machine must have a pass on each side of the raspberry line. Plants in the line should be of the same height, the shoots should not bend to the ground. To even out the height of the plants, the upper part of the shoots, having collected them in bunches, is shortened by 15-30 cm.
With a combine harvester, the fruits are removed by shaking off (Littau harvester, developed in the USA, and Danpluk) or using vertical vibrating drums with teeth (Pattenden, created in Scotland, and Braud Vectur, made in France). Vertical drum collectors pick up fruit twigs by vibrating teeth mounted on a rotating drum. In shakers, the fruit is separated from the fruit by shaking. The fruits are collected in the pallet of the machine and then fed to the sorting table. The harvest is harvested with the help of these two types of harvesters, and it takes 5 to 7 people to control the products, depending on the purpose of the product (processing or using whole fresh fruits).
Harvester for picking berries
Recently, New Zealand has developed a Peco machine that only harvests half a row, a new farming system (Lincoln Canopy System) has been developed for this. Fruiting shoots should be bent horizontally on either side of the row, their position should be fixed on a wire 50 cm from the ground, while new offspring should remain free to grow. In the upper part of the machine there are vertical blades that shake the branches, and in the lower part there is a conveyor belt, along which the fruits fall into containers. This harvester does not damage the offspring, and the harvested fruits are of high quality, which allows them to be consumed fresh or used for freezing (IQF). Another positive aspect is the ability to harvest fruits in the absence of pickers and in mountainous areas. However, despite the low cost of the machine, high labor costs are required to install the trellis, and the plantings must be established with varieties that have strong growing shoots.
O.V. Zhbanova on an industrial plantation of photoneutral raspberry variety Polyana
Factors limiting the introduction of mechanized raspberry harvesting are associated with crop losses, damage to shoots and limitation of the life of plantings. For this type of harvesting, it is necessary to select varieties that are characterized by easy separation of fruits. In addition, it is important to have a variety in the length of the shoots, including varieties with a powerful shoot, on which fruits ripen more amicably. During mechanized harvesting, plantings can be damaged - annual shoots can be damaged. The use of mechanical means should be assessed on the basis of economic analysis.
The harvester harvests 0.2 - 0.5 hectares in 1 hour, depending on the type of machine, the number of fruits on the plants and the quality of the grown product. In accordance with the instructions, the process of harvesting fruits from 1 hectare can take 30-70 hours. The productivity of one collector is 6-20 acres per season, with 5-7 more people working with him. Based on the analysis of the economic activities of manufacturers in France, it is shown that the economic efficiency of mechanized harvesting of raspberries is still lower, this conclusion was made by economists. Combine harvesting becomes economically feasible if you extend the period of its use for harvesting fruits of other crops.
Quality raspberries
The fruits of black and purple raspberries ripen much more amicably than those of red raspberries, so the harvest is completed within 1-2 weeks. To do this, you need to carry out 2-3 removals to collect the main crop, the fruits of these forms of raspberries are less damaged, even if they are very ripe. In the United States, where these types of raspberries are widespread and the berries are used primarily for processing, harvesting is done using combines.
Cooking with raspberries!
Raspberry is a very tasty and healthy berry, known for its healing properties since ancient times. Raspberries contain B vitamins, vitamin C, E, PP, salicylic acid and various anti-sclerotic and antiseptic substances. Raspberries help in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, bronchitis, acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, pneumonia and even tuberculosis (decoction and infusion of raspberry berries, twigs and leaves). Useful substances strengthen blood vessels, help in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Raspberries are a good diaphoretic.
Raspberry bushes begin to bear fruit already in the second year after planting. In central Russia, raspberries appear in late June - early July and for a long time (each bush of simple raspberries bears fruit for about 20-25 days, remontant - longer) and pleases us with its fragrant, sour-sweet fruits. Bees also love raspberry flowers and fly to them even in rainy weather.
How to collect raspberries from a bush
Raspberries are very tender. And as soon as you lightly press on them, raspberry juice will flow right there .. Therefore, you should handle raspberries carefully and carefully.
Ripe raspberries are best harvested in dry weather, because wet berries spoil faster. If you have to transport raspberries, it is better to pick off the berries with a leg (fruitful), and then remove it when you cook jam or compotes.
If you quickly get to the kitchen with raspberries and the berry is still strong, then you can immediately pick it without a stem.
Take only good berries, without buds and rot, otherwise it will ruin the rest of the harvest for you. Better not to be greedy and take only high-quality raspberries.
Raspberry bush
What to collect raspberries
Containers for collecting raspberries should be wide and low so that the berries fit into them in a minimum number of layers and do not press on each other.
Gardeners collect raspberries in containers or other containers ( volume of 1.5-2 liters) with low sides, for example, like baskets made of birch bark or shingles - veneer. Wicker baskets are also good because they are leaky and well ventilated, without creating a greenhouse effect inside the basket.
As you have collected the next container - put the raspberries immediately in the shade or another cool, well-ventilated and dry place. In such conditions, raspberries can be stored for several hours without emitting juice.
In industrial assembly, in addition to baskets, there is also a special corrugated container - cardboard cells (like a cardboard cage for eggs, only very small cells for raspberries).
Do I need to wash raspberries
If you have harvested a large harvest of raspberries and plan to use them for harvesting, then you just need to sort out the raspberries, removing twigs, random leaves and stems from the berries.
You don't need to wash the raspberries.
If you wash the raspberries, half of the raspberry juice will leak into the water and the berries will become soaked and look like porridge. Not very useful and unattractive.
And if you have taken a couple of cups of raspberries and are in doubt whether some worm has crawled into the berry, and the raspberry, at the same time, is strong, then you can soak the berries for a while in cool salted water. The worms will all come out.
Raspberry
The harvested raspberries will not be able to lie for a long time, your task is to get home as quickly as possible and start harvesting raspberries. And if you have few berries, then rather eat them!
How to prepare raspberries for the winter
First of all, you need to decide on units of measurement ... In 1 liter jar there will be approximately 600 g of raspberries. And 1 kg of raspberries is just over 1.5 liters.
- 1 kg of raspberries \u003d 1.5-1.6 liter capacity;
- Liter jar \u003d 600 g raspberries.
All raspberry preparations are medicinal (both jam and compotes).
1. How to cook raspberry compote
1.1. Raspberry compote with sugar
Sterilization time for cans of raspberries in their own juice without sugar depends on the size of the cans: 0.5 l cans - 15 min., liter can - 20 min.
2. How to cook raspberry jam
Raspberry jam is cooked in different ways - in one or several steps. And it differs in the amount of sugar per 1 kg of raspberries.
2.1. Instant raspberry jam
The most delicious raspberry jam is the one in which there is little sugar and a short heat treatment (recipe for five-minute raspberry jam). This quick jam is cooked 5-7 minutes after boiling and sugar needs 2 times less than berries (in weight units).
But this instant raspberry jam needs to be stored in the refrigerator or cellar (basement).
If you don't have space in the refrigerator, but only have a cool closet or storage room on the site of a multi-storey building, then other recipes for raspberry jam will suit you.
2.2. Raspberry jam with half sugar
This jam differs from the previous recipe in that it is either immediately cooked until cooked, in 1 reception (a sign of readiness - a drop of jam dripped on a saucer does not spread).
Or you can cook raspberry jam for five minutes (5-7 minutes after boiling) in 2 or 3 stages, taking a break between cooking at 6-8 hours or overnight.
Proportions for raspberry jamHalf a kilo of sugar per 1 kg of raspberries.
2.3. Raspberry jam regular
This recipe for raspberry jam is the most persistent, maybe the berries do not retain their color and shape, but this jam can be stored at room temperature for 2 or 3 years.
You can cook simple raspberry jam in the same way as jam with half the sugar norm - one time or intermittently.
The proportions of simple raspberry jam
Raspberries and sugar - 1: 1 (in kilograms).
Which lids are suitable for raspberry jam
Any raspberry jam should be poured hot into jars. And any jam can be rolled up with iron lids.
Jam, which is cooked for a long time, in 1 or 2 doses and is stored better, can be closed with nylon (plastic) lids or screw lids. Then on the jam in the jar, you need to put a circle of paper and pour it with 1-2 tablespoons of vodka so that the jam is better stored, and possible mold was collected only on paper and could be thrown out or replaced with a new alcoholized paper.
There was also a question: what do nylon caps look like... Nylon caps are conventional caps made of white, translucent plastic (colorless). Only such covers were available in Soviet times. And then opaque multi-colored plastic covers appeared on sale: red, yellow, blue and other cheerful ones. Therefore, if I advise you to close with nylon covers, feel free to buy ordinary white soft covers or colored ones.
Raspberries on a plate
What to cook from raspberries and eat right away
Fresh raspberries are good for light desserts (Raspberry with cottage cheese), fruit salads, compotes(to drink right away - recipe), raspberry jelly - recipe.
Raspberries are added to cream or shortbread pies (They bake the base-basket, on which fresh raspberries, strawberries, blackberries are then spread and poured on top with a small amount of jelly so that the filling seizes).
You can also add raspberries to curd when cooking. cottage cheese easter... And then you will have a beautiful Easter crimson color. Or you can throw the berries into the cake dough or other tasty pastries made from yeast or biscuit dough.
You can bake pies with raspberries, just sprinkle the berries for the filling with starch or flour (2 tablespoons per bowl of berries). The starch is needed so that the filling is not liquid, and the resulting juices are seized and rendered harmless by the brewing starch. Dough for raspberry pies take as in the recipe for currant pies or buy ready-made yeast dough in cooking.
In addition, this raspberry custard filling can be used for baking puffs from ready-made frozen dough. It will be delicious!
You can also get from raspberries juice and make of it syrups or jelly. To do this, the berries are heated with a little water so that the raspberries give juice (you need to stir the berries, otherwise everything will burn). Then filter the raspberry mass through a cloth. And from this juice you can already make jelly (see the recipe and proportions on the gelatin package) and syrups (add sugar and boil until slightly thickened).
Berry raspberry sauces go well with dumplings - recipe and curd casseroles - recipe.
They also make delicious raspberries home wine and liqueurs.
In general, there are many options for raspberry dishes! And they are all very healthy and tasty! And also, you can eat raspberries just like that or with whipped cream or sour cream with sugar!
Be healthy and bon appetit!
With the arrival of spring, the beginning of summer, everyone is looking forward to the ripening of raspberries. This is not only a tasty berry, but also very healthy, which even children know about, who often ask the question: when will raspberries ripen? Its flowering and ripening depends on the variety and region of growth.
Raspberry is a deciduous shrub that can grow in the wild on forest edges, in clearings, along the coast, and is also grown in gardens and farms. Some varieties of raspberry polydrill have been known since the 16th century.
It is divided into several types:
- traditional, multiplies rapidly, bears fruit once a season;
- remontant, reproduces slowly, bears fruit 2 times per season;
- large-fruited, berries are especially large in size;
- standard, bushes with branched shoots, similar to small trees.
- forest, growing near rivers and in forests, the berries are small, but very fragrant.
Each species has its own varieties, which have different periods of raspberry ripening. In Russia, forest raspberries ripen when the temperature reaches more than 23 degrees, starting from the end of June or mid-July, depending on the climatic zone.
When raspberries begin to ripen (table)
The growing season for raspberries begins in April, but depending on the climatic conditions and the region of growth, the ripening period of the same varieties may be postponed by 5-15 days.
Varieties are classified according to the timing of the main and intermediate:
- Basic: early, middle, late.
- Intermediate: mid-early, mid-late.
Harvesting lasts for 1-1.5 months, after which the two-year shoots dry up or cut them off.
When can you pick berries from early varieties?
The growing season of raspberries begins from April to mid-May, flowering lasts 1.5-2 weeks, end of May - early June, after which polychrodnias form, which ripen in mid-June - 1 decade of July. Harvesting lasts about 1-1.5 months, until the end of July. The most popular varieties of early raspberries: Solnyshko, Cumberland, Scarlet Sails.
Medium ripening
In raspberry varieties with an average period, the ripening period begins from the first days of May to mid-June, the first flowers appear in the 2-3rd decade of June.
- Mid-early: Kuzmin's News, Abundant, Good Luck, Balsam, Ugolek, Gusar, Pride of Russia, Arbat, Yellow Slastena.
- Medium term: Brigantine, Latam, Modest.
- Mid-late: Tarusa, Peresvet.
The beginning of harvesting fruits from late-ripening crops
Vegetation in late varieties of raspberries begins in late June - mid-July, the color appears in the 3rd decade of July - 2nd decade of August. The harvest begins from early August to September. Late varieties include: Sputnitsa, Arabesque, raspberry cut.
In what months are they harvested from remontant varieties
Remontant raspberries have special ripening periods, which can bear fruit twice per season. It is also classified by timing, starting from the first fruiting, the second comes after pruning, the formation of young shoots and flowering after 1-2 months and can last until the first frost.
In the Northern regions, the 2nd fruiting often does not occur due to a sharp change in weather conditions:
- Early: Yaroslavna, Morning Dew, Penguin.
- Mid-early: Lilac Mist, Yellow Giant, Golden Domes.
- Middle: Hercules.
- Mid-late: Diamond, Orange miracle, Golden autumn, Bryansk miracle.
- Late: Kalashnik, Apricot.
When forest raspberries ripen in Russia
Summer residents and travelers who explore forests are worried about the questions: when can you pick raspberries in the forest, in what month will raspberries ripen in the forest? The harvest of ripe forest raspberries occurs in mid-July and until the end of August, sometimes in September, you can find its thickets with ripe fruits in the south of the country.
Forest raspberries have a two-year life cycle, in the first year young shoots of green color with a large number of sharp thorns grow, light green leaves on top, white-green below, slightly pubescent. On lignified shoots of the second year of life, flowers form from late June to late July, depending on the region.
On the territory of Russia, common red raspberry is widespread in the forest and forest-steppe zone, on the edges of forests, swamps, on the edge of rivers.
How to pick raspberries from bushes correctly?
In order to properly collect raspberries and not wrinkle during transportation, you must follow the rules:
- The container and hands are thoroughly washed before collection. Raspberries are very delicate, quickly wrinkle and drain, so they are not recommended to be washed. To avoid contamination of excess dirt, bacteria, hands and container must be clean.
- The harvesting time of raspberries depends on the variety, usually after flowering 1.5-2 weeks pass, when the polyglot tree ripens. Harvesting is best done in dry weather, in the morning after the dew dries or in the evening, then the berry will drain less. After the first harvest, raspberries are harvested every 2-3 days.
- The container should be shallow, then the raspberries laid out in it will lie in 2-3 layers and will choke less under their own weight. The container is tied to the waist or placed on the ground so that two hands are free. With one hand they hold a branch of a raspberry bush, with the other they carefully remove the berries. Mature can be easily removed, leaving a white receptacle on the bush.
If the place of processing of raspberries is far away or it is going for sale, then it can be cut with a stalk, but this method is more laborious. Especially if it is collected for processing, you will have to spend time removing the peduncle with a white receptacle.
Accessories for quick harvesting
For the industrial harvesting of raspberry multiflora, special combines are used; they work on the principle of shaking the bushes, thanks to rotating mechanisms on which thin rods are attached. A machine from both sides of a row of raspberry bushes crushes the fruit onto a conveyor. For such combines, bushes are planted at a distance of 2-2.5 m and fastened to horizontal trellises. To work, you need 3 people, 2 assemblers and 1 driver.
This way saves collection time and labor costs. The only drawback of raspberry harvesting combines is their high cost.
Popular models for picking raspberries:
- Oxbo 9120;
- Korvan;
- Natalka;
- Joanna.
To collect berries in ordinary garden plots, self-made devices or manual harvesting combines like a rake with a box are used. The processing of bushes with a hand harvester occurs due to the grasping of the bushes with a rake, and light shaking movements knock the berries into a special box.
The ripening dates for raspberries in Russia can vary, especially in the middle lane and in the northern regions due to a sharp change in weather conditions. It is important to choose the right variety and quality seedlings for the region in order to get harvest in large quantities and on time.
The harvest ripens gradually and depends on the weather. In good weather, the berries ripen quickly, in rainy, cold weather - slower. Raspberry fruiting begins in July and can last up to 2 months.
At the beginning of the fruiting of raspberries, the collection is usually small, when the bulk of the berries ripen, they increase. At the end of fruiting, when only small berries of the middle and lower branches remain, the collection decreases again. In good weather, raspberries are harvested in a day or two, in too hot or rainy season - every day. At the end of fruiting, the berries can be harvested in 2-3 days. You can not pick berries early in the morning, until the dew has dried, and soon after rain, picking wet berries is allowed only as a last resort, during prolonged damp weather. At the same time, they are immediately recycled.
Ripe raspberries are considered when they acquire a characteristic color. Berries intended for transport are not fully ripe. For consumption and processing, the berries can be picked completely ripe. Such berries are sweeter, tastier, more aromatic.
Raspberries are removed with a part of the stalk. Separate from the stalk by pinching the stalk with two fingers. If the berries are crowded and have a short stalk, they are cut with small scissors or, in extreme cases, removed without a stalk. When plucking or cutting, do not directly touch the berries themselves with your fingers. Raspberries are very tender and easily crumple if handled carelessly.
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