General information. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: capital, districts and cities

Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a national-state entity. The district was created on December 10, 1930. As an equal subject, the district is part of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the district is the city of Salekhard.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe district is 750.3 thousand km2. Its territory could accommodate Spain, Portugal and Greece taken together.
The total population of the district is more than 508 thousand people. The most densely populated areas are along railways and river transport arteries. The average population density of the district is less than 1 person per 1 km2. The industrial development of the district in recent decades has contributed to the rapid growth of the urban population (more than 85% of the total population of the district)
Now in the Yamalo-Nenets district there are 8 cities of district subordination - Salekhard, Labytnangi, Muravlenko, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Tarko-Sale and Gubkinsky, 7 urban-type settlements: Korotchaevo, Limbyakha, Pangody, Stary Nadym, Tazovsky, Urengoy Kharp and 103 small rural settlements .. The number of rural residents is decreasing due to the transformation of rural settlements into urban ones and as a result of the outflow of the population from the countryside. Non-agricultural (rotational, oil and gas production, transport), small national settlements (fishing, reindeer herding, hunting) prevail among the rural Yamal settlements. The number of inhabitants in rural settlements is on average 910 people. The presence of mobile settlements of indigenous peoples (pastures, chums, huts) is also characteristic.

SALEHARD

Salekhard, the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is a city in Western Siberia, the center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The city is located 2,436 kilometers north-east of Moscow and 1982 kilometers north of Tyumen.
Salekhard is located on the Poluy Upland, on the right bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Poluy River, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. It is the only city in the world located on the Arctic Circle.
The climate here is sharply continental and severe. Average temperatures in January are from –22 to –26 degrees, in July –4– +14 degrees. Annual precipitation is 200 - 400 mm.
The nearest railway station - Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of the Ob; connected with Salekhard in summer by river tram, in winter - by bus.
The population of modern Salekhard is more than 35.5 thousand inhabitants (end of 2002). Of these, 5,600 foreigners and 4,450 temporary residents.

Historical reference. The city was founded by Siberian Cossacks more than 400 years ago, or rather in 1595 under the name Obdorsk (from the name of the Ob river and the word "dor", translated from the Komi language - "a place near", "near something"), however, the Nenets have long called the village Sale-Harn, that is, "settlement on the cape."
In the middle of the 18th century, merchants gathered here for fairs, and at the end of the 18th century the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s of the XIX century, Russians began to settle in Obdorsk for permanent residence.
In the XYII - early XX centuries, Obdorsk became part of the Belozersk district of the Tobolsk province. In 1897, in the village of Obdorsk, there were 30 houses, 150 trade shops, there were 500 permanent residents who were mainly engaged in hunting, fishing and trade. At that time, the village was famous for its large fairs. Every year from December 15 to January 25, the Obdorsk fair was held here (the turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles). During this period of time, the population of the city exceeded several thousand people. Russian traders, mainly from Tobolsk, brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and ornaments, receiving in return furs, fish and fish glue, bird feathers, mammoth bone and walrus tusks. Arctic fox skins and paws were mainly considered monetary unit.
In 1897, a fishing school was established in the town of Obdorsk.
In December 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed, the city of Obdorsk became its center, and from 1933 it became known as Salekhard. The settlement received the status of a city in 1938. It is the first and only city in the Arctic Circle.
Modern Salekhard is a large cultural and industrialized city.

Industry of the city.The city does not have a serious manufacturing industry and therefore the city is always supported by the district. The urban industry is represented by: factories - fish canning and dairy, house-building plant.
Salekhard is the center of geological exploration expeditions. This is a major transport hub. The Salekhard fish canning plant is the largest in the Tyumen region and belongs to the first-born of the industrial development of the north of Western Siberia.
Salekhard is a large river port. 72 years ago (in 1933), the North Ural Trust of Glavsevmorput was established in Salekhard. He is engaged in shipbuilding, fur procurement, hunting, timber export.
Since 1951, a mink fur farm has been operating in the city of Salekhard, where fur animals - polar foxes, nutria and minks are bred
There is also a modern airport, the grand opening of which took place on May 31, 2000. "Iron birds" fly to many cities in Russia and even abroad (for example, to the city of Budapest. It is also planned to carry out flights to Cyprus and Turkey).
Air communication with the capital of the Tyumen region, the city of Tyumen, was opened back in 1935, in 1937 the first regular air line Salekhard - Novy Port began operating.
The newly built highway connected the district capital with other cities and towns of Yamal.

Cultural life of the city. There are five specialized secondary educational institutions in the district center: a pedagogical college, a veterinary college, a school of culture and art, a trade school, and the country's oldest medical school. The medical school has a preparatory department for indigenous northerners.
In 1932, the oldest national pedagogical college in Yamal was opened, which has trained many excellent teaching staff over the years.
In Salekhard there is a museum of local lore, where products of local arts and crafts are collected - bone carving, bead jewelry, embroidery and applique (a drawing made with scraps of various materials) on fur, leather and cloth.
In 1990, the city of Salekhard was included in the lists of historical cities. A protected historical zone has been created in the city, because there are many buildings of historical and architectural value.

Sports life of the city. Salekhard is a sports city, here almost every resident goes in for sports. This is facilitated by a large number of cultural and sports institutions in the city. The Ice Palace, which recently opened its doors to fans of active recreation, is very popular. What sections are not there, what kind of competitions have not been held here!
On April 9, 2001, a polar chess school named after the world chess champion Anatoly Karpov was opened in the city of Salekhard. Now, chess competitions are held here every year. The city has a tennis club with the beautiful name "Polyarny" (this is a veteran club, more than 30 people are engaged in it). Club members - Vladimir Medvedev, Viktor Chikhirev and others, took part in the personal championship of Russia and took 8 prizes. There is a children's and youth sports school here, which has trained a lot of sports personnel.
For lovers of skiing, a ski base has been created in the city, where there is a beautiful illuminated ski track, equipped recreation buildings.
Republican championships in national sports are held annually in the capital of the district, they have been held since 1974. This proves that Yamal pays great attention to national sports.

In recent years, the ancient city of Salekhard, which no one has been involved in for more than 400 years, can be said to have been reborn. Nowadays, it has become a major cultural and industrial center, with modern, well-furnished houses.
The appearance of the district capital is constantly changing, there is a lot of construction and colossal work on the improvement of the urban area. The city amazes today's layman with its architectural thoughtfulness and uniqueness. The city has great prospects and plans for the future; in the opinion of the city and district leaders, this will be a city for 40 thousand inhabitants.

Indeed, the age for Siberian cities is considerable. And our city is one of the oldest in their row.
Yes, it is comparable in age with Siberian cities. However, it is not comparable - not only with Siberian, but also with all other cities in the world - in terms of its geographical location. Salekhard (formerly Obdorsk) is the only city in the world located right on the Arctic Circle. The only one ... But he is not spoiled by Mother Russia.
The city grew unhurriedly, as if looking with disbelief at the rapid development of Siberian cities-brothers, older and younger, who survived in the whirlpool of history and disappeared in it. He did not want the latter, but rushing to the former, wishing to be preserved in life, he was modest and not fussy. He lived with dignity, maintaining a sense of proportion in everything: both in confusion and in self-awareness.
The date of birth of Obdorsk in many sources is called differently: in some - 1592 or 1593, and in others - 1595. The difference is, of course, insignificant on the scale of history. To that however, each of the named dates certainly has a right to exist. It all depends on what is considered the foundation of Obdorsk: whether the arrival of the Cossacks in the lower reaches of the Poluy, whether the construction of a small winter hut near its confluence with the Ob, or the emergence of a solid - by the standards of that time - fortification here.
Time went on as usual ...
And now Salekhard is increasingly gaining strength as the capital of a powerful state of oil and gas. It becomes a real Russian outpost, coordinating the flow of powerful flows of hydrocarbon raw materials not only in the territory of the Russian Federation, but also abroad. Salekhard residents have something to be proud of ...

In recent years, our ancient city, one might say , was born again. Literally before our very eyes, new five-story buildings are growing, modern highways are being laid, a modern airport has been built, the entire infrastructure of the Yamal capital is rapidly developing. The second youth of Salekhard, which came to him as a result of intensive construction, amazes today's layman with its architectural thoughtfulness and uniqueness. Keep it up, Salekhard!

// Yamal meridian.-2000.-№9.-С.24-25

SALEHARD, the center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 2436 km to the north-east from Moscow and 1982 km north of Tyumen. Located on the Poluy Upland, on the right bank of the river. Ob, at the confluence of the river. Poluy, near the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone. The climate is sharply continental and harsh. Average January temperatures from -22 to - 26 ° С, July 4-14 ° С. Annual precipitation is 200-400 mm. Nearest railway station - Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of the Ob; connected with Salekhard in summer by river tram, in winter - by bus. River port. The airport. Population 30.6 thousand people (1992; 13 thousand in 1939; 17 thousand in 1959; 22 thousand in 1970; 25 thousand in 1979). Founded in 1595 as a Cossack fortress (at that time - the most northern in Siberia) under the name. Obdorsk (from the name of the Ob river and the word "dor", translated from the Komi language - a place near, near something), however, the Nenets have long called the settlement Sale-Kharn, that is, a settlement on a cape. From the middle of the 18th century. merchants gathered here for fairs; at the end of the 18th century. the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s. 19th century Russians began to settle in Obdorsk for permanent residence. In the 18th and early 20th centuries. became part of the Berezovsky district of the Tobolsk province. In 1897 there were 30 houses in Obdorsk, 150 trade shops, there were 500 permanent residents, who were mainly engaged in hunting. fishing and trade; Obdorskaya fair was held annually from December 15 to January 25 (turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles); during this period the population of Obdorsk increased to several thousand people. Russian traders (mainly from Tobolsk) brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and jewelry, receiving in return for fur, fish and fish glue, bird feathers, mammoth bone and walrus tusks. In 1897 a fishing school was founded in Obdorsk. In 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was formed, with Obdorsk as its center; since 1933 it is called Salekhard. City - since 1938. In modern Salekhard: factories - fish canning, dairy; house-building plant. Timber transshipment base. Salekhard is the organizational center of geological exploration expeditions. Museum of Local Lore (the exposition includes art products of local masters: bone carving, embroidery and applique on fur, leather and cloth - "Malevu").
Near Salekhard there are sites of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (2nd - 1st millennium BC).

// Cities of Russia: an encyclopedia. - M .:
Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. - p. 391.

Salekhard (Salyakhard), a city on the right bank of the Ob near the Arctic Circle and the mouth of the river. Poluy, the center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. At the end of the XVI century. on this place was the Obdorsk Nos town, which belonged to the Khanty (Ostyaks). They, according to GF Miller, called it Puling-avat-vash - "Poluisky Nasal city". The Nenets (Samoyeds) called it Salia-garden, which in translation meant the same thing: "Nosovoy (promontory) town" or “The city on the bow (cape).” The Komi-Zyryans called the lands adjacent to the mouth of the Obdor, that is, “a place near the Ob” or “the mouth of the Ob” (dor - “a place near something”, “mouth Already in one of the letters of the beginning of the 16th century, the Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich is called the Prince of Kondinsky and Obdorsky. Therefore, the Ostyak Nos town was often called the Obdorsky Nos town. The Russians, mastering the lower reaches of the Ob, in 1595 built the Obdorsky prison on this strategically advantageous place , which they often called also the Nos town. Therefore, the complex name was used - "from Obdor from Nos town". In 1933 Obdorsk was renamed into Salekhard, from the Nenets sala - "cape", hard - "house", "settlement", ie "settlement on a cape". In 1938 Salekhard became a city.

// Atlas of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. - Omsk, 2004.- p. 296

In 1953, near the mouth of the Northern Sosva, on the site of the Ostyak yurts of Sumgut-vozh, the governor Nikifor Trakhaniotov founded the fortress-fort Berezov. The Ostyaks and Voguls, formerly dependent on Vymi, were assigned to the new town. In 1595, under the leadership of the same Berezovsky governor N. Trakhaniotov, it was felled Obdorsky Ostrog... The northern Ostyaks and Samoyeds, lined with yasak, brought tribute to the Obdorsk town to the Cossacks sent from Berezovo. In the "Drawing Book of Siberia" by S. Remezov, the Obdorsk fort is depicted extremely schematically: four triangles are the hipped roofs of the fortress towers and a church with a bell tower. At the mouth of the Poluy River there are “yurts of Prince Taisha Gindin and his comrades”, and on the Kunovat River - yurts of “Prince Danilko Gorin”. In the "Description of the Tobolsk governorship" about Obdorsk it is said: "Abdorsk prison 1, near the Poluya river on the right bank on the mountain, in it there is a church, a four-cornered fortress, enclosed by a standing tynom, two roadways and two northern corners of the tower, surrounded by slingshots, in which there is for caution from ... wild peoples, two cannons, some gunpowder and buckshot. And they are sent from Berezovo to the annual guard with one foreman of the Cossacks for 12 people, in which the baptized and unbaptized Ostyaks and nomadic Samoyeds gather in the Obdorsk volost in November and December to the position of yasak, and in January in the first days they migrate. "

// Yamal: the edge of centuries and millennia. - Salekhard, 2000 .-- p. 333.

OBDORSKAYA FORTRESS, fortification. She replaced the Obdorsky prison after the general. reconstructions in 1731. In contrast to the fort, the ostrog complex had powerful double walls with loopholes, battens and a roof. In the center of the O. k. There was a voivodship house, a clerk hut with state treasuries. premises, amanatskaya hut. A new church of St. Basil the Great was erected with the chapel of St. Nicholas of Mirliki, a bell tower. In the O. k. There were streets along which "dwelling houses" were set; there were many barns, there were state institutions. bathhouse, bread hut, barracks, tea houses. Ostyats yurts were located in the Okrug. and Samoyed, princes and princes. Huts and yurts were also installed from the outside. sides O. to. Garrison originally comp. 50 yearlings, in 1754 it was increased to 100 people. By the end of the XVIII century. O. to. Began to decline. The number of households was reduced to 5. In 1799, yearlings were no longer sent; the guns were dismantled and taken to Tobolsk. In 1807, by order of the Tobolsk governor A. M. Kornilov, dilapidated fortresses. walls and towers were demolished. O. k. Ceased to exist, and the remaining village. received a new status - p. Obdorskoe (Obdorsk).

in 3 volumes. T. 2. - Tyumen: Publishing House of Tyumen State University, 2004. - P.221.

OBDOR FOREIGN RULE, organized in the 40s of the XIX century. In adm.-territ. the relation corresponded to the Obdorsk foreign parish. At the head of the council were representatives of the Taishin princely dynasty - Matvey Yakovlevich and Ivan Matveyevich. Since the 50s of the XIX century. the council was attended by "one of the nearest elders to Obdorsk at the choice of the prince." In 1858, the Council of the Chief Executive. Zap. Siberia recognized it necessary that the head of the prince was an elected "from the people." In 1865 O. and. at. divided into Obdorsk Ostyak and Obdorsk Samoyed councils. Both councils were located in Obdorsk, located in the same room. A common clerk was in charge of the office work of both boards.

// Yamal: encyclopedia of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
in 3 volumes. T. 2. -Tyumen: Publishing house of the Tyumen State University, 2004. - P.221.

GUBKINSKY

Gubkinsky - a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A municipality is a city of district subordination. The city is located two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle, on the left bank of the Pyaku-Pur river, 16 kilometers from Purpe station on the Tyumen - Surgut - Novy Urengoy railway. It is connected with the "Bolshaya Zemlya" by a highway, the nearest airport is located 250 km away in the city of Noyabrsk.

Historical reference. The city of Gubkinsky emerged as a base center in connection with the industrial development of a group of the northernmost oil and gas fields in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, promising in terms of reserves and distinguished by unique properties. In early 1986, a landing party landed almost from scratch for the construction of the Gubkinsky gas processing plant and the city, which had no exact name.
The history of the city of Gubkinsky begins on April 22, 1986, on the birthday of V.I. Lenin, when specialists, workers and builders gathered for a rally on the occasion of the laying of a new city called Purpe (a memorial stone dedicated to this event was installed on the central square of the city), but the city later became known as Gubkinsky.
The name of the city was not easy. At first, they wanted to give him the name Tarasovsky - by the name of the first field being developed, but this hasty (in a good way) initial version could not stand the competition with two other names - Purpe and Gubkinsky, and the main struggle unfolded between them.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated April 18, 1988, the village on the territory of the Purpeysky village council of the Purovsky district was named Gubkinsky (now the city has left the Purovsky district).
The settlement of oil and gas workers Gubkinsky received the status of a city on December 2, 1996.
According to its geographical position, Gubkinsky is located in the northeastern part of the West Siberian Lowland in the forest-tundra zone, which is represented here by larch and coniferous woodlands (birch, willows, pine, cedar, larch), peat bogs, swamps with a moss-lichen cover. In the forest and in the swamps there is an abundance of berries: cloudberries, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, the prince is found, as well as many porcini and other mushrooms. The fauna is very diverse and interesting. The local forests are inhabited by: flying squirrel, white hare, chipmunk, brown bear, elk, wolf, fox, wolverine, marten, sable, lynx, Siberian weasel, ermine, badger, otter, muskrat ... Wild deer enters the taiga from the north. Families of birds are widely represented: wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, cedar, many waterfowl. All animals are of hunting and commercial importance. The abundance of food and spawning grounds favors fish breeding - the rivers and surrounding lakes are rich in valuable species.
According to the schematic map of climatic zoning, the territory of the city of Gubkinsky belongs to the first uncomfortable climatic zone, which is characterized by severe long winters and short summers: the absolute minimum is minus 61 ° С, the absolute maximum is plus 34 ° С.
The total area of \u200b\u200bthe city is 7220 hectares. Of these, 45% are forests; 36.4% - water bodies (rivers, lakes, swamps); the remaining 18.4% are under residential, industrial, communal, warehouse buildings and household plots, including 1.7% are occupied by transport communications.
The most important development potential of the city is its multinational population - people of 37 nationalities live in the city of Gubkinsky.
Over the past ten years, the population of the municipality has grown rapidly, largely due to migration, and to date it has reached the optimal value for the city of 21.1 thousand people. The average age of Gubkins is 29 years old, and the birth rate exceeds the death rate by 2.8 times. Overall, the demographic structure of the city is conducive to economic recovery. On the territory of the city of Gubkinsky, 776 enterprises are registered, representing almost all sectors of the economy (industry, culture, art, agriculture, communications, finance, credit, trade, etc.)

Industry of the city. A feature of the city's economy is the clear majority of oil and gas enterprises, which together produce up to 97% of industrial production. The oil and gas industry is represented by the open joint-stock company Rosneft-Purneftegaz of the vertically-integrated company Rosneft, which is the main city-forming enterprise of the city and produces about 65% of the company's total production.
Associated gas is processed by Gubkinsky Gas Processing Complex OJSC, where the associated gas resources of the Tarasovskoye and Barsukovskoye fields of Rosneft-Purneftegaz OJSC are used as raw materials. The enterprise produces dry gas, stable gasoline, oxygen, antifreeze, propane.
The commissioning of the Gubkinskoye gas field in 1999 marked the beginning of the development of the gas production industry, represented by Purgaz CJSC.
In addition, the city has deployed a branch of OOO Noyabrskgazdobycha OAO Gazprom - the Komsomolsk gas field, which produces 29 billion m3 of natural gas per year, which is 61% of the total gas production of Noyabrskgazdobycha.
Subsoil exploration, field geophysical research and perforating and blasting operations in wells of oil and gas fields are carried out by the MUE Purneftegeofizika.
The city's economy employs 24.8 thousand people, including 14.2 thousand permanent residents; the rest work on a rotational basis.
The city is getting prettier and better every year. The work is carried out in accordance with the adopted "Comprehensive program for the improvement of the city".

Education. Taking into account the fact that the average age of the population is less than 30 years, local governments pay special attention to the education and culture system
The city has 6 preschool educational institutions for 1125 places, 8 secondary schools, a folk dance school "Northern Lights", a sports school for children and youth "Olympus", a vocational school, including an interschool educational center. A branch of the Udmurt State University with various levels of education was opened in the city: secondary specialized and higher; forms of education - full-time and part-time. Thus, the city has developed a system of continuous education: kindergarten - school - school - college - university.
Informatization of education made it possible to reach a qualitatively new level of management of the educational process, effectively use new pedagogical technologies.

Health protection and rehabilitation growing up Gubkins are priority. Sanatorium groups for children infected with TB were opened at the Skazka preschool educational institution and a special general education school for correction for children with developmental disabilities (120 students); groups of physiotherapy exercises were created at the Children's and Youth Sports School.
General medical care for the population of the city is provided by the municipal health care institution "City Hospital" with a hospital complex for 283 beds and all specialized departments. There are 87 doctors of all specialties and 297 nurses in the city, more than 70% of whom have qualification categories. Over the past years, the Gubkinsky hospital, which recently celebrated its 15th anniversary, is known for one of the best therapeutic indicators in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Cultural life of the city. The city authorities pay great attention to supporting cultural and national traditions. The network of cultural institutions is widely developed: three cultural and sports complexes: "Oilman", "Fakel" and "Olympus", a recording studio, a centralized library system, including three libraries (including a computer), a municipal art workshop. The city has the only Museum of North Development in the region, two children's art schools, and a youth center. Two years ago a public organization of Gubkinsky writers and poets "Gubkinsky spring" was born in the city. The city has 62 writers and poets, the youngest of whom is 9 years old, the most mature is 72 years old. The library publishes the city literary almanac "Taste of Yamal Berry". The city is famous for its folk groups: "The Pearl of Yamal", the choir of teachers of the school of arts, the song and dance ensemble, the "Northern Lights" ensemble, the Tatar-Bashkir group; pop groups: RecSaund and Image.

The city has a television and radio company "Vector", which includes television, radio "Vector Plus" and the newspaper "Vector Inform"; the newspaper "Oilman of the Polar Region".

Sports life of the city. Taking into account the extreme living conditions in the Far North and realizing that diseases are easier to prevent than to cure, the municipality is constantly working to promote a healthy lifestyle among the population, which is facilitated by a network of physical education and sports institutions. For the residents of Gubkinsky there are: Children's and Youth Sports School "Olympus", the sports club "Vityaz", the ski base "Snezhinka" with artificial lighting of the ski track, the sports and recreation complex "Yamal", the sports and leisure complex "Yunost", the city shooting range "Fortune". Nikolai Chipsanov, a resident of Gubkinsky, in 2003 became the first Russian world champion in karate.

The city of Gubkinsky is a comfortable and beautiful northern city where oil and gas workers live and work. The city looks to the future with confidence.

The city of Gubkinsky is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North.

LABYTNANGI

- a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. It is located 20 km from the capital of the district, Salekhard. The city is located on the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals, beyond the Arctic Circle. It is a port city on the left bank of the Obi River. The population of the city with the villages of Kharp and Polyarny is more than 40 thousand people. Kharp and Polyarny are satellite villages of Labytnangi, the base of the construction industry for the entire district.

Historical reference. Labytnangi is a Khanty phrase. It means “seven larches”. It is known from Khanty folklore that the number "seven" has magical powers. Larch is a sacred tree for the indigenous population, so seven larch trees are doubly sacred. Previously, it was a settlement of Khanty reindeer herders living in temporary dwellings - chums. The settlement received the status of a city on August 5, 1975 (this is the first working settlement in Yamal to receive the status of a city).
In 1975, it was a small village with 11,000 inhabitants. There were two industrial enterprises here: a timber base, which employed about two thousand people, and a basic refrigerator for the fishing industry - there were 150 jobs. The city had one school, a small hospital.
The new life to the settlement was given by the railway that came here - the brainchild of the Stalinist GULAG. Thanks to this road, the city has become a bridgehead for the development of the Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye and other major gas fields. In 1986, the construction of the new Labytnangi - Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200brailway was started and is now practically completed. " It is the northernmost railway in the world. Built for the development of the Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200bgas field. A comfortable railway station building was also built.

Industry of the city. Modern Labytnangi is a timber transshipment base, a laboratory of the Institute of Ecology of Animals and Plants of the Ural Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The wood is sent from here to the mines of Vorkuta and Donbass, to Moldova, Krasnodar, Moscow region, the Baltic states, Belarus and even abroad - to England, Finland, Hungary.
The city's industry is represented by such large enterprises as Yamalneftegazzhelezobeton OJSC. It is a backbone enterprise. The following enterprises operate in the city of Labytnangi: MUP "Labytnangsky dairy plant" (June 1988), a bakery (October 1993)

Cultural life of the city. The cultural space of the city is very large. This is evidenced by the fact that more than 250 holidays are held in the city. There are 15 cultural institutions working here.
From cultural and educational institutions in the city there are: the city library (opened in 1998), the children's art school (opened in 1998), the House of Culture "30 years of Victory" (opened in 1975), which includes the Center for National Cultures, 11 preschool educational institutions (attended by more than 1.5 thousand children), 10 secondary schools, the Center for Children's Creativity, the only press club for teenagers in Yamal, an orphanage (it has been awarded the status of "City Experimental Site"), a city museum. The funds of the city museum contain unique exhibits about the history of the North, about the development of those places where the town of Labytnangi is located.
There are several higher educational institutions in the city: the stationary of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (created in 1953 on the initiative of Academician S.S.Shvarts), which laid the foundation for the systematic study of the Yamal nature. The local newspaper Vestnik Zapolyarya is published in Labytnangi (the first issue of the newspaper was published on April 13, 1989). Its own television studio has been operating since April 1991.

Sports life of the city. Labytnangi is one of the most athletic cities in the district. Great importance is attached to sports in the city.
In the municipality there are 2 shooting ranges, one hockey court, one swimming pool, 16 sports clubs, 20 gyms and facilities, a modern ski base, a ski track is being built in Kharp. More than 2 thousand people are engaged in sports arenas of the city.
A whole galaxy of famous athletes grew up here. For example, Luiza Noskova (Cherepanova), who was the first of the Yamal athletes to become the Olympic champion in Lillehamer, as well as the famous biathlete Albina Akhatova, who became the silver medalist of the Olympic Games in the city of Nagano.
Since 1999, Khanty national holidays "Crow's Day" have been held in the city, which symbolize the arrival of spring, the awakening of nature and the revival of the traditions and customs of the indigenous peoples of the North.

The city of Labytnangi is not just a base city, but a base city of the polar oil and gas complex. It is a base for geologists, seismic prospectors, and a major center of the construction industry. Without him there would be no Urengoy, no Bear, no Yamburg, no other famous giants. This is an advantageous transport hub, which in the future will be an outpost for the development of the Polar Urals. And the city connects all its prospects with the further development of this complex.

MURAVLENKO

Muravlenko - a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. The birth of the city is directly related to another Yamal city - Noyabrsk, from which it is located 95 km.

Historical reference. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 6, 1990, the village of Muravlenkovsky (this is what it was called earlier) was given the status of a city of district subordination and the name Muravlenko. This is how the name of one of the discoverers of large Siberian oil and gas, head of Glavtyumenneftegaz, Hero of Socialist Labor Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko was immortalized. The start date of the city (then still a small village of Muravlenkovsky) is considered November 5, 1984, when the Muravlenkovsky village council was formed. Today the population of the city is more than 58 thousand people representing more than 70 nationalities.

City industryMuravlenko is a city of oil and gas workers. The main city-forming industrial enterprises are the Oil and Gas Production Department Sutorminskneft, Muravlenkovskneft, Sugmutneft. They are engaged in the development of deposits. The largest of them is Muravlenkovskoye, opened in 1978.
There is also a gas processing plant (opened in 1987), which employs over 400 people.

Cultural life of the city... The cultural organizations of the city are represented by: the recreation center "Ukraine" for 450 seats (opened in 1988), the city Leisure Center (there are 11 hobby groups), the Children's Art School (opened in 1993), the City Museum of Local Lore (opened in October 1997. ), The Children's Art School, the Children's Music School, the system of city libraries (there are 5 libraries in total in the structure of the Central Library System), the “Chance” club (it trains young models).
In addition, since 1996, the Park of Culture and Leisure has opened its doors for the townspeople. The station of young technicians, opened in 1998 (hundreds of children study here in 10 circles), the Ant social club, and the Fakel teenage club are very popular among children.

Education. The city has 21 educational institutions with a total number of students over 11 thousand people. There is a Center for pre-university and university education, on the basis of which the representative offices of the Tyumen Oil and Gas University have been created. Currently, the city has 5 secondary schools, 1 elementary, 1 evening school, where more than 7 thousand people study, 11 preschool institutions (there are about 3000 children), 2 institutions of additional education, an educational and production plant.
In 2000, a branch of the Noyabrsk Oil and Gas College was opened in the city. 467 people study in absentia. In addition, a department has been opened at the technical school, where students are trained in accounting, economics and organization of production.
There is also a branch of the Tyumen Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Ishim Pedagogical Institute. The preparatory department of the St. Petersburg Institute of Railways prepares for admission to the university.

Muravlenko residents also have their own local newspaper, Our City, which covers all city news on its pages, as well as its local television.
Muravlenko is a young city, so weddings are often celebrated here. This takes place in the House of Love and Harmony - this is how the registry office, opened on April 10, 1997, is called in the city.
At the service of the townspeople is the City Hospital, which includes 3 outpatient clinics - adult, children's and dental. It consists of 30 divisions. It employs 940 people.

Sports life of the city. Muravlenko is a sports city. More than fifty competitions are held here annually, in which almost 4 thousand athletes take part.
The sports life is managed by the Directorate for Physical Culture and Sports, established in 1997. For lovers of active recreation, the Yamal Sports Complex, the Neftyanik sports complex, the Sever and Kashtan gyms, a children's and youth sports school, a ski lodge, and an indoor hockey court are available. Six gyms are located in general education schools. Sports celebrities of the city are Rustam Tashtemirov, he is a prize-winner of the Russian boxing championship, Alexey Velizhanin was a member of the Russian ski team.
The city of Muravlenko is growing and developing successfully. Its appearance was formed, completely in harmony with the environment, economic and social infrastructures, cultural environment were formed, external and internal relations were debugged, an appropriate management mechanism was created, and their traditions began to take shape.

NADIM

Nadym - a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. Nadym is the center of the Nadym region. The place where the city is located has long been known for rich reindeer pastures where the Nenets grazed their reindeer. A total of 80 thousand people live in the district.
There are nine villages on the territory of the district, including three villages of indigenous people, where more than three thousand people live. Local authorities pay great attention to the preservation and development of their traditional life and economy. This is the first city that appeared on the territory of the Okrug thanks to the largest natural gas fields discovered in Yamal.
The city of Nadym is located 1225 kilometers from Tyumen and 563 kilometers southeast of Salekhard. Located in the north of Western Siberia, on the Nadym River. The nearest railway station (Labytnangi) is located 583 km from Nadym.
The population of the city, together with the satellite of the city, the village of Pangody, is more than 60 thousand people (1999). The village of Pangody is located near Nadym. It is a small, well-maintained village with many hundreds of inhabitants, the bulk of whom are young people.

Historical reference. In the mid-60s, in order to accelerate the development of the Medvezhye deposit, it was decided to start the construction near the city. The development of the deposit and the construction of the city of Nadym were carried out at an unprecedented pace. Every year, half a million square meters of housing were commissioned, thousands of kilometers of gas pipelines were laid. Nadym, a small settlement of gas workers, was given the status of a town in 1972.

Industry of the city. The city's economy is based on the gas industry. The main enterprise is Nadymgazprom, which is engaged in the industrial development of the Medvezhye gas field and its satellite fields - Yubileynoye and Yamsoveyskoye. The city has a large-panel housing construction plant.
A system of gas pipelines originates in Nadym, such as the North of the Tyumen region - the Ural - the Volga region - the Center, as well as the Medvezhye - Nadym and Nadym - Punga fields.
A powerful compressor station has been built here. Since 1974, Nadym gas has been supplied to the capital of our Motherland, Moscow. The length of this gas pipeline is 3,000 kilometers (in Soviet times, the length of gas pipelines was no more than 600 kilometers).
The city's industry is represented by a bakery, a pig-breeding complex, a dairy plant and many others. There are over 500 trade enterprises in the city
The city of Nadym is connected to the mainland by air, rail and road.
Nadym airport is one of the oldest airports in Russia. Its history begins back in 1969. Now it accepts all types of aircraft, including heavy airliners (Tu-154)
The city of Nadym is often called the northern capital of gas workers, and this is quite fair, because Nadym is a large modern city near the Arctic Circle, it is the pride of the entire Tyumen region.
The city has 7 well-maintained neighborhoods with a total area of \u200b\u200bover 200 thousand square kilometers.

Cultural life of the city.Nadym is a fairly large cultural and leisure city.
At the service of townspeople and guests of the city: 2 Houses of culture, a large-format cinema "Pobeda" (the first in the Tyumen region), the TV center "Orbita", the House of culture for 500 seats, a music school and an art school, the House of Nature, the Center for Children's Creativity, where over 5 thousand people.
The city has a large number of monuments and monuments: a monument to the writer Nikolai Ostrovsky (opened on September 28, 1980), a monument to pioneers was erected in the city center.
The educational institutions of the city are represented by: a technical school (provides vocational education for young people), five secondary schools, a music school. 6 branches of regional universities and institutes of other cities of Russia have been opened here, the Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences is working to study the problems of the North.
There are 8 beautiful kindergartens, 12 city libraries and much more for small Nadym residents.
The city also has its own TV studio, 7 on-air TV programs and 27 - cable.
Nadym is a city that takes several hours to get from the capital on the fastest air liner, has reliable telephone communications with Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Minsk and many other cities of Russia and neighboring countries.
The city administration pays close attention to environmental issues in order to preserve the unique nature of the Subpolar region. Waste treatment facilities, waste storage sites, waste processing plants and much more are being built.
An example of a careful attitude to nature is the relict cedar grove in the center of the city, which is the pride of the townspeople (history shows that the cedar grove was left by the first builders as a monument of unique northern nature). In winter, this is the city's most popular illuminated ski trail, and in summer it is a place for walking.
The city newspaper "Rabochy Nadym" is the city's visiting card. An interesting, always up-to-date publication brings the latest messages from industrial enterprises, construction sites to readers on its pages, talks about the heroes of labor.

Sports life of the city. In the city, where the average age of residents is 27, the vast majority of residents are fond of sports. Construction of a swimming pool, a new stadium has begun, there are many outdoor hockey courts, and volleyball, basketball and tennis competitions are held in gyms. There is a hockey club "Arctur", a weightlifting section has been created.
The city of Nadym is the base for holding a scientific and practical conference on the creation of a domestic airship and its application in the development of the North.
The city of Nadym is a small town, but with a well-developed infrastructure. It has a bright future, which is associated with the further development and exploitation of gas and oil fields, for the development of which it was founded.
New residential buildings and social and cultural facilities continue to be built in the city, the construction of an Orthodox church is nearing completion.

In the year of its 30th anniversary, the city of Nadym became the winner in the competition for the title "The most comfortable city in Russia" among the cities of the 3rd category of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and took the third place among the cities in the All-Russian competition in the same category.
The uniqueness of the city, which is called a fabulous city among the silent tundra and permafrost, lies in the fact that its birth, formation and thirty-year history have created a special cohort of Nadym people, people who have dedicated their lives to Nadym, devoted to it and proudly affirming: “We live in the most beautiful and the best city ”. They were able to do a lot. And this means that Nadym has a future, and the children born here will definitely draw their beloved and hometown Nadym on a sheet of paper with bright colors.

NEW URENGOY

New Urengoy - a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. The city is located 450 km east of the district capital of Salekhard.
Novy Urengoy is the second (after Noyabrsk) city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in terms of population. It lives with the population of two villages Korotchaevo (7 thousand inhabitants) and Limbyayakha (2, 5 thousand inhabitants) 89.6 thousand inhabitants (2001).
It is located in Western Siberia on the Evo-Yakha River (a tributary of the Pur River), 60 km south of the Arctic Circle.

Historical reference. "Urengoy" is a Nenets word, it means "bald hill" or "a hill on which larch trees grow".

The history of this northern city of oil and gas workers dates back to September 1973. It arose in connection with the development of the Urengoyskoye gas condensate field of the Urengoygazprom PA (production and processing of oil and gas) - the largest in terms of hydrocarbon raw materials in the Far North. The uniqueness of the emergence of the city and the development of the field lies in the fact that the gas workers followed the prospectors, that is, practically on virgin soil. Therefore, the country began to receive gas from Urengoy as early as April 1978 (the city had not yet crawled out of its rural "diaper"). The uncommon development of the Urengoy gas fields is that all gas fields operate fully automatically and practically without people. On August 18, 1975, Novy Urengoy received the status of a settlement, and on June 16, 1980 - the status of a city. The number of the population is constantly growing, because the standard of living of the townspeople is higher than the average in Russia, especially among the workers of the gas industry.

Novy Urengoy is the largest transport hub in Yamal with a railway to Tyumen and Yamburg, with OAO Sevtyumentransput, with a highway to Tyumen, with an airport. The highway connects Novy Urengoy with the city of Nadym, Yamburg - a gas settlement on the Taz Peninsula, but from there the path is only to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. From here originate ten main pipelines supplying natural gas to the country's economy, the Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod export gas pipeline to the countries of Western Europe.

City industry There are more than 2,000 organizations in the city, including the country's largest gas production enterprises - LLC Urengoygazprom, LLC Yamburggazdobycha, CJSC Northgas, LLC Promgaz, LLC Promgaz, LLC Production of gas condensate and oil, etc. , which account for 74% of the gas produced in Russia. There is an experimental plant for the production of building materials, a dairy and a wine and vodka factory, and a printing house. A gas chemical complex is being built near the city. There are agricultural cooperatives "Agrarnik" and "Champignon", a city station for combating animal diseases. About 600 construction companies and organizations are based in the city, incl. OJSC "Urengoygazpromstroy", OJSC "Severstroy", CJSC "Novourengoyneftegazhimstroy", LLC "Yamalpromzhilstroy" and others. Branches of Zapsibkombank, Gazprombank, joint-stock Gloriyabank, bank Sibneftebank, joint-stock commercial bank "Pripolyarny" commercial bank , insurance firms and branches of insurance companies.

Health care represented by a multidisciplinary hospital, a neuropsychiatric dispensary, the West Siberian Regional Scientific and Practical Center for Human Health, a dental clinic, aesthetic medicine center, an ambulance and emergency medical aid station, and a sanitary and epidemiological surveillance center.

Cultural life of the city... There are many cultural and sports facilities in the city. There is a museum of fine arts, the October Palace of Culture, which is a large information and methodological center, a school museum of local lore, the exposition of which presents the entire history of the region. The Center of National Cultures unites clubs of German, Ukrainian, Mari, Nenets, Slavic and Tatar-Bashkir cultures, 2 cultural and sports complexes in the Limbyayakha and Korotchaevo microdistricts, a production and art workshop decorates all creative events in the city, an audio studio; the centralized library system consists of 7 branches and 2 city central libraries; there are 3 children's art schools, 3 creative municipal collectives: the children's exemplary song and dance ensemble "Shining", an ensemble of folk instruments, a city brass band.

The city has the Sigma TV and radio company, the Novy Urengoy regional TV and radio broadcasting company, the Novy Urengoy-Impulse TV and radio information agency, the Accent TV company, the M, ART advertising agency, the Nordfakt state news agency, and the Pravda city newspaper North ".

Education. In Novy Urengoy there are 14 secondary schools, 3 primary schools, a general education and an Orthodox gymnasium, special. (correctional) school for children with developmental disabilities, pedagogical and vocational schools, technical school of the gas industry. The city has branches of Moscow universities - the state Open University and the non-state Open Social. University, Tyumen State University and Tyumen Oil and Gas University. The only school in the Tyumen North with a closed winter garden was built here, the first kindergarten with a swimming pool was built.

Novy Urengoy became a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North, and on June 19, 1998, Novy Urengoy, as part of the ASDG, entered the Congress of Municipal Formations of the Russian Federation.

NOVEMBER

Noyabrsk - a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, district subordination. This is the southernmost city of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is located southeast of Salekhard, 1065 km northeast of the city of Tyumen. The city is located in the central part of the picturesque Siberian Uvaly, on the watershed of the Ob and Pur rivers, near Lake Tetu-Mamontotyai.
On April 28, 1982, the village of Noyabrsk received the status of a city. Then 30 thousand inhabitants lived in it, and now - more than 108 thousand people of more than 100 nationalities. During the existence of the city, 28 thousand young November were born here. Noyabrsk is the largest city in the YNAO in terms of population.

Historical reference... The city of Noyabrsk was founded in 1975, then on the ice of the Ihu-Yakha River, located in the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, the first helicopter landing was landed to begin the development of the Kholmogorskoye field - the first stage in the development of a new oil region - Noyabrskoye. On May 20, 1978, Noyabrskaya station, the first Yamal station on the Surgut - Novy Urengoy railway, received a freight train. A year later, there were already about a hundred organizations and institutions in the village, with a variety of departments. The city of Noyabrsk originally had two variants of the name - Khanto (after the name of the lake in the vicinity of the city) and Noyabrsky. We decided: let it be Noyabrskiy, since the first landing party landed in November. It turns out that the name of the city was chosen according to the weather, according to the calendar.
Geographically, the city of Noyabrsk is the “southern gate” of the district. The railway Tyumen - Novy Urengoy and the highway connecting Noyabrsk with the Khanty-Mansiysk District and further with the "mainland" pass through Noyabrsk.
The city has excellent air communication, there is a modern airport capable of receiving heavy aircraft. The airport was opened on July 1, 1987. It is called the gateway to the Far North. It is the November branch of the Tyumenaviatrans airline. The airport serves oil workers, geologists, power engineers, builders, gas workers, it is constantly at the epicenter of events, life and activities of the city.
The developed transport system of the city (there are more than 35 thousand cars in the city) makes it possible to provide the south of the region with the material resources necessary for the life support of the cities and settlements of the Purovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where more than 90% of the oil produced in the whole district is extracted.

City industry... In Noyabrsk there are over 1000 enterprises of various profiles, a significant part of which are business structures.
The largest enterprises in the city are: JSC Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz with an annual oil volume of 20 million tons (this is the leading enterprise) - a subsidiary of JSC Siberian Oil Company, and the Noyabrsk Directorate for Gas Production and Transportation - a subsidiary of Surgutgazprom. The leading city-forming enterprise, which has been counting its activity since May 31, 1977, employs 18 thousand people, 24 fields, over 13 thousand wells.
In addition, the city has a shoe factory, a garment factory, a dairy, a bakery, a brewery, a brick factory and other enterprises. There are 8 bus routes in the city, in addition, there are 20 thousand units of personal transport.
Noyabrsk has a fairly wide and ramified network of commercial and industrial enterprises - over 300. Among them are the largest trading companies offering customers high-quality goods of domestic and foreign firms: the trading company "Absolute", LLC "Noyabrskneft", LLC "Ekran", etc. etc.
Noyabrsk has a developed system of humanitarian and technical education, which is represented by 95 educational institutions. Among them are 15 secondary schools, 12 branches of universities, an Orthodox gymnasium, a Sunday school, a teacher training college, an oil technical school, a business school, a branch of the Ural Law Academy, and a branch of the Salekhard Medical School. There are also 34 preschool institutions attended by over 5800 children.

Cultural life of the city. The city of Noyabrsk is the center of cultural life. Today in the city of Noyabrsk there are over 20 cultural institutions offering residents and guests of the city a wide range of leisure activities.
In Noyabrsk there are 6 houses of culture - centers of communication and spiritual development of townspeople, KSK "Yamal" (where there is a concert hall, swimming pool, gym).
Much attention is paid to little November. For young townspeople there is a Children's amusement park, the Detsky Mir store, and on November 5, 1993, the only Children's Museum in Russia was opened (information about the museum is included in the Directory of European Museums).
The district museum of local lore and the district museum of fine arts work (the museum funds contain about ten thousand storage units). More than 1,300 children study at three music schools, one of which is the best in Russia.
The city has two research institutes dealing with the problems of oil production and ecology of the Far North.
Noyabrsk is a city of youth, therefore such an institution as a registry office is also important. It opened in the city in January 1978. This is the only separate registry office building in Yamal with an area of \u200b\u200balmost 500 thousand square meters. During this time, almost 18 thousand families were created in the city and more than 25 thousand newborns were registered.

Sport life... Noyabrsk is one of the most athletic cities in Yamal. There are 64 sports clubs, which are attended by over 10 thousand residents of the city. There are 101 master of sports in the city, of which 8 are of international class.
Noyabrsk has its own radio broadcasting - children's and youth information agency "Krugozor" and "Radio-Noyabrsk". A few months after Noyabrsk was awarded the status of a city, the first city newspaper, Severnaya Vakhta, was created.
The health care of the city of Noyabrsk is represented by the following medical institutions: the Central City Hospital, the Ambulance Station, the Center for State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance, MUP "Pharmacy" (consists of 8 pharmacies, 12 drugstores and the "Optics" store), a neuropsychiatric dispensary, a city dental polyclinic, Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, sanatorium "Ozerny". More than 3 thousand qualified medical workers work here.

Noyabrsk is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Cities of the Arctic and the Far North.

Today Noyabrsk is the largest oil metropolis in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it is the pearl of Yamal, the largest business and industrial center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which is home to a fifth of the district's population and produces almost a quarter of industrial output. This is a beautiful, European-style modern city, which undoubtedly has become the cultural and spiritual center of the south of Yamal. In these conditions, the city of Noyabrsk opens up a prospect for the next 25-30 years to become a base city for the development of reserves in the south of Yamal.

TARCO-SALE

Tarko-Sale - a city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the center of the Purovsky District. The population is about 20 thousand inhabitants.
The city is located in the most beautiful places, at the confluence of the Aivasedapur and Pyakupur rivers and the formation of the Pur River. Distance by air to Tyumen is 1117 km, to Salekhard - 550 km. The nearest railway station is Purovsk, located 11 km from Tarko-Sale. The population is about 20,000 people. The village of Kharampur (about 600 people) is administratively subordinate.

Transport scheme. The city is connected with the "Big Land" by an airport, a pier on the Pyakupur river, a hard-surfaced highway to the town of Gubkinsky. There is an air squadron of helicopter pilots in the city, which is engaged in the transportation of goods and passengers to hard-to-reach places in Yamal, tracking fires with timely notification of the relevant services about their elimination.
In summer, Tarko-Sale is connected by water communication with many settlements of the Purovsky district and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in winter such communication is carried out along the winter road.

Historical reference. Founded in 1932 as the administrative center of the newly created Purovsky district. In the Nenets dialect, the name Tarko-Sale means “a cape at a fork”. Once upon a time, a shaman came to the place where the city stands and opened a camp at the confluence of two rivers. The beginning of the city is associated with the development of hydrocarbon reserves.
On March 23, 2004, the State Duma of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug made a decision to give the urban-type settlement Tarko-Sale the status of a city. Now, on April 3, the City Day will be celebrated annually. In honor of this event, a memorial sign was installed in the central part of the city.

Industry of the city. Represented by oil producing enterprises NGDU Purneft (OJSC Purneftegazgeologia), OJSC NK Tarkosaleneftegaz, CJSC Purovskaya Oil Company, CJSC Oil Company Yamal, CJSC Nega Oil and Gas Company, OJSC Khancheyskoye NGDU, OJSC Yangpur, CJSC Yamalnefteotdacha, OJSC Sibur-Yamal, etc. Geological exploration center: OJSC Purneftegazgeologia, Research and Production Enterprise Purgeoservice, LLC Geofizik, OJSC Purneftegazgeologiya, OJSC Polyarnaya geological company ". On the territory of Tarko-Sale there is an agricultural cooperative "Verkhne-Purovsky" (reindeer husbandry, fur farming, fur trade), regional veterinary. station for combating animal diseases. More than 20 construction enterprises and organizations, the department of mechanized and rig assembly works, the road maintenance construction association "Purdorspetsstroy", the linear department for the construction and operation of gas pipelines, OJSC "Purgeostroy", OJSC "Tarko-Salinsky combine of the construction industry", LLC "Purstroymaterialy", etc. ...

Cultural life of the city. There are three libraries, the regional museum of local lore, the Center of National Cultures, the House of Children's Creativity, the center of children's tourism and local history. The city has its own television and radio company "Luch" with a youth editorial office, radio, newspaper "Severnyi Luch", and a printing house.

Educationrepresented by four schools (two secondary, one primary, secondary sanatorium boarding school for indigenous children engaged in traditional economic activities) and seven kindergartens,

Sports life of the city. The city is famous for sporting records, here they go in for mini-football, table tennis, powerlifting, parachuting (there is a parachute club "Paratrooper"), swimming, Greco-Roman wrestling. Olga Gemaletdinova - 2003 world champion in powerlifting).
It is gratifying to realize that at the beginning of the XXI century new cities appear on the map of the Motherland. Tarko-Sale, thanks to the labor deeds of its inhabitants, not only became known in Russia, but also in other countries, as one of the main points for the development of the hydrocarbon resources of Siberia. But Tarko-Sale is famous not only for tons of oil and cubic meters of gas. People have brought the deserved status to the city.

Authors: G.S. Samoilova (Nature: physical and geographical sketch), N.F. Chistyakova (Nature: geological structure and minerals), M.D. Goryachko (Population), N.V. Fedorova (Historical sketch: archeology ), M. D. Goryachko (Economy), A. N. Prokinova (Health), P. S. Pavlinov (Architecture and Fine Arts: Architecture)Authors: GS Samoilova (Nature: physical and geographical sketch), NF Chistyakova (Nature: geological structure and minerals), MD Goryachko (Population); \u003e\u003e

YAMALO-NENETSK AUTONOMOUS OCIRCLE, subject Ros. Federation. Located in the northwest of the Asian part of Russia; partly beyond the Arctic Circle. Geographically included in Tyumen region ... In the north it is washed by the waters of the Karsky m., As part of the district - the islands of Bely, Oleniy, Shokalsky, etc. It is included in the Ural Federal District. Pl. 769.3 thousand km 2. Us. 534.1 thousand people (2016; 62.3 thousand people in 1959; 486.2 thousand people in 1989). Adm. center - Salekhard. Adm.-Terr. division: 7 districts, 6 mountains. districts; 8 cities, 4 mountain villages. type.

Government departments

The system of state bodies. the authorities of the Autonomous Okrug are determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Charter (Basic Law) of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (1998). State power in the Autonomous Okrug is exercised by: The Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Okrug is the legislative (representative) body of the state. power; governor - the highest official of the Autonomous Okrug; the government is the highest executive body of the state. authorities of the Autonomous Okrug; others will execute. state bodies authorities formed in accordance with the law of the Autonomous Okrug. The Legislative Assembly consists of 22 deputies elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot by citizens of the Russian Federation who have active suffrage: 11 deputies are elected in a single electoral district in proportion to the number of votes cast for the lists of candidates nominated by electoral associations; 11 - in single-mandate constituencies formed on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, based on the majoritarian electoral system of the relative majority. The term of office of the deputies is 5 years. The Governor is the highest official of the Autonomous Okrug and heads the government. The governor is elected by the deputies of the Legislative Assembly for a term of 5 years (with the right of one re-election). He organizes the work of the government and presides over its meetings; approves the structure will execute. bodies of state. authorities of the Autonomous Okrug; exercises other powers.

Nature

The coastline of the Kara Sea is heavily indented. Means. part of the territory of the Okrug is made up of the Yamal, Tazovsky and Gydansky peninsulas, separated by the Ob Bay and the Tazovskaya Bay.

Relief

The county is located within West Siberian Plain and partly on Polar Urals ... Lowlands prevail. up to 100 m in combination with areas of gently hilly terrain (up to 200 m high). The largest lowlands are Nizhneobskaya, Nadymskaya, Purskaya, Tazovskaya, Messoyakhskaya; Uplands - Poluiskaya, Nenetskaya, Pur-Tazovskaya, Srednetazovskaya, Nizhneyeniseiskaya (spurs). Lowlands are swampy, there are many permafrost landforms (thermokarst hollows, heaving mounds, etc.). South. border is formed Siberian Uvaly ... West of the river valley. The Ob stretches the Muzhinsky Uvaly (height up to 290 m), passing into the foothills and middle mountains of the Polar Urals (height up to 1472 m, Mount Payer is the highest point of the district).

Geological structure and minerals

The plain part of J.-N. and. about. located within West Siberian platform (plates) and is confined to the intensely dissected Yamal-Taz megasyneclise in the most lowered part of the Inner tectonic region. Megasineclise includes deep depressions - Nadym-Tazovskaya, Ust-Yeniseiskaya, Yamalo-Gydanskaya and Purskiy troughs. On the folded Karelian-Baikal basement, reworked by intense rifting in the Riphean - Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic, Paleozoic carbonate deposits lie at the base of the terrigenous sedimentary cover of the Mesozoic age. In the most submerged zone in the north-east. part of the plate, the total thickness of the weakly dislocated cover exceeds 10 km. In the sedimentary cover of the Yamal-Taz megasyneclise, a gas-oil sub-basin was formed (part West Siberian oil and gas province) with a rhythmic structure: large transgressive and regressive cycles are clearly distinguished in it. Main The productive intervals of the cover are associated with the Cenomanian-Turonian deposits of the Upper Cretaceous (mainly gas-bearing), the Aptian-Albian (oil and gas bearing) and Neocomian (condensate and oil bearing) of the Lower Cretaceous, Upper and Middle Jurassic (condensate and oil bearing).

The mountainous part of Y.-N. and. about. represented by a folded structure east. the slope of the Polar Urals (the northern end of the Hercynian Ural fold system), in the structure of which dislocated sedimentary, volcanic-sedimentary and volcanic rocks of diff. the degree of metamorphism of the Proterozoic and Paleozoic age and unmetamorphosed rocks of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic age.

Ya.-N. and. about. ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in terms of reserves of natural combustible gas; 2nd place - in terms of oil reserves. From the beginning, the geological studying the territory of the district, St. 200 hydrocarbon deposits. Among the fields with gas reserves there are 18 unique ones, up to 80% of the proven reserves are concentrated in their depths: Urengoyskoye field , Bovanenkovskoye oil and gas condensate field , Yamburgskoye field , Zapolyarnoye fielddenier and others. 70 oil fields have been discovered; 3 of them - with unique reserves (Urengoyskoye, Russkoye and Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye). The Yamburgskoye, Pestsovoye, Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye and Zapolyarnoye fields contain large reserves of condensate. The Polar Urals are rich in various minerals: ore deposits of manganese, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, antimony, rare metals (niobium, tantalum) have been discovered; phosphorites, barite, bauxite, etc. The Sosva-Salekhard basin of brown coal is located on the territory of the Okrug; in the Shchuch'in and Baidaratsk zones, the brown coal seams reach a thickness of 37 m. In the bowels of the okrug, there are huge reserves of fresh minerals. (iodine-bromine, etc.) and prom. waters with a temperature of up to 200 ° C; there are deposits of natural constructs. materials (diorites, gabbros, clays, limestones, diatomites).

Climate

The district is located in arctic, subarctic. and moderate belts. North. parts of the Yamal, Gydansky and Kara islands are located in the Arctic. belt. Winter is long (more than 8 months), severe, the duration of persistent frosts is 220 days Wed January to February temperatures are –27 ° C and below (absolute minimum –55 ° C, Gyda). The height of the snow cover is 20–25 cm, the duration of occurrence is 240 days or more. Strong winds (up to 20-30 m / s), blizzards (more than 100 days) are characteristic. Fogs are not uncommon in the west of Yamal and on the islands. Summer is short (approx. 50 days), cold. Wed July temperature 3.4–4.5 ° C (max. 31 ° C). Cloudy weather with drizzling rains prevails. Precipitation is less than 200 mm per year. To the center. and south. regions of the peninsulas (up to the Arctic Circle) the climate is subarctic. Winter is harsh, persistent frosts last 200-210 days. Wed January temperature is from –22 (–24) ° C in the west to –26 (–27) ° C in the east (absolute minimum –57 ° C, Tazovsky). The height of the snow cover is 35–50 cm, the duration of occurrence is 210–220 days. Summer is cool (65–68 days). Wed July temperature 8-13 ° C (absolute maximum 28 ° C, Marre-Sale). Annual precipitation is 250–280 mm (mostly in the second half of summer). Vegetable. period up to 44 days. To the south. part of the district has a continental climate, the degree of its continentality increases to the east. Winter is cold, persistent frost lasts 180-190 days. Wed January temperatures range from –23 ° C in the west to –26 ° C in the east (absolute minimum –61 ° C, Tarko-Sale). The height of the snow cover is from 60–70 cm in the mountains to 80 cm in the east (basin of the Taz river), the duration of occurrence is 200 days. Avalanche is dangerous in the mountains. Wed July temperature 14–16 ° C (absolute maximum 34 ° C, Only). Precipitation is up to 500 mm per year (mainly in August). Vegetable. period 110-115 days. All in. in the regions continuous permafrost is widespread (thickness 300–400 m), in the south - intermittent; under the riverbeds - thawed soils.

Inland waters

All 50 thousand rivers in the district belong to the Kara Sea basin. Ch. rivers - Ob (with the tributaries Kunovat, Poluy, Synya, Voikar, Sob), Nadym, Pur, Taz. The rivers are fed by snow, partly by rain. The long winter low-water period is replaced by high floods. Freeze-up lasts 7–8 months. In spring, congestion in the lower reaches is typical. All rivers have wide floodplains, meandering channels, channels and branches. Small rivers freeze to the bottom. In the district there are 300 thousand lakes (thermokarst, floodplain, peat, coastal lagoon, glacial, etc.), the largest of them are Shuryshkarsky sor, Neito, Yarato. Means. the area is occupied by swamps.

Soils, flora and fauna

2/3 of the area of \u200b\u200bthe district is occupied by tundra. In the extreme north of the Yamal and Gydansky peninsulas and on the islands, the Arctic is widespread. tundra with arct-tundra soils. Polygonal lichen, small-grass tundras with single flowering plants (polar poppy, saxifrage, etc.) are combined with fragmentary miner. low-lying (polygonal-hypnum) swamps and bare patches of soil. On sea terraces in depressions, coastal cereal-sedge meadows (tampas) are formed on marching soils. To the center. In parts of the peninsulas, there are shrub-moss-lichen (typical) tundras on tundra-gley soils in combination with sedge-cotton grass lowland bogs on peat-gley and bog-permafrost soils. South. tundra - shrub (dwarf birch and willow) on tundra illuvial-humus soils with an abundance of bogs (hummocky, ridge-hollow) on peat bog soils. All types of tundra are used for reindeer pastures.

In a narrow strip of the forest-tundra zone, open spaces with Siberian larch (in some places with an admixture of spruce) are combined with moss-shrub tundra and bogs. Sowing subzone taiga is represented by sparse larch forests with an admixture of spruce, cedar, pine on the podzols of illuvial-humus. In the southeast, where there is a significant proportion of dark coniferous forests, podzolized gleeze has formed. Large hilly peat bogs are developed. In the Ural part, spruce forests are replaced in the low mountains by spruce-larch sparse forests and crooked forests, above which dwarf-moss-lichen tundras are widespread on the slopes of the middle mountains, turning into stony tundra and loaches with migrating snowfields.

The fauna is diverse, there are 300 species of vertebrates, 200 species of birds, 40 species of fish. In the tundra, there are lemming, arctic fox, reindeer, tundra partridge, snowy owl, etc. Beluga whales and killer whales swim in the Ob Bay. Polar bears and walruses are common on the islands. All in. the taiga is inhabited by sable, squirrel, hazel grouse, capercaillie, bear, wolf, fox, elk, marten, etc. Rivers and lakes are rich in fish, they account for 70% of the world whitefish stock (muksun, pyzhyan, etc.); a significant proportion of sturgeon and salmon, a lot of pike, burbot, ide, perch, etc.

State and environmental protection

Eco-friendly the situation was sharply worsened by the development of oil and gas fields and the emissions of pollutants by fuel and energy enterprises. complex (especially in Purovsky, Nadym, Tazovsky, Krasnoselkupsky and Yamal districts). The total volume of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is 716.2 thousand tons, including from stationary sources - 632.2 thousand tons, from road transport - 84.0 thousand tons (2015). Over the past 5 years, the volume of emissions has decreased by 23%. Water intake from natural water sources 236 million m3, discharge of contaminated wastewater into surface water bodies 23 million m3 (2015). 60% of surface and 13.2% of underground water supply sources are not hygienic. norms. In rivers near large cities (Urengoy, Salekhard, etc.) MPCs of pollutants are exceeded tenfold; areas - hundreds of times. Reindeer pastures have suffered great damage, especially on the Yamal Peninsula; their degradation is observed due to overgrazing, and the number of reindeer has decreased (up to 600 thousand heads). To preserve and increase fish stocks on the river. A large number of juveniles of muksun and peled were released.

Protected natural areas occupy 10.9% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe district, among them - Verkhnetazovsky reserve , Gydansky nature reserve , 7 regional reserves, 3 federal reserves, 1 natural park, 1 natural monument.

Population

B. h. Population Ya.-N. and. about. are Russians (61.7%) and Ukrainians (9.7%). Nenets (5.9%), Khanty (1.9%), Komi (1%), Selkups (0.4%), as well as Tatars, Bashkirs, Azerbaijanis, etc. live.

Demographic. the situation is better compared to the average for the Russian Federation due to a younger age structure and a relatively low mortality rate, as well as economic. factors (dynamically developing gas production region). In 1990–93 due to migrants. outflow, the population decreased by about 25 thousand people, then began to grow again (by more than 75 thousand people in 1993–2015); in 2015, there was a slight decrease (about 5 thousand people). Natural an increase of 11.3 per 1,000 inhabitants. (2015; 5th place in the Russian Federation): the birth rate is 16.6 per 1000 inhabitants. (10th place), mortality 5.3 per 1000 inhabitants. (3rd place); infant mortality rate of 7.3 per 1000 live births. Migrats. the mobility of the population is high, there is an intensive inflow and outflow (Ya.-N. a.o. is an attractive region for labor migrants, but the natural and climatic conditions for permanent residence are extremely unfavorable). Migration has been observed since 2012. population decline (223 per 10 thousand inhabitants, 2015). The share of women is 49.9%. In the age structure, the share of the population is younger than the working age (up to 16 years old) - 23.8% (in the Russian Federation 18.0%), older than the working age - 10.0% (in the RF it is 24.6%). Wed life expectancy 71.7 years (men - 66.9, women - 76.4). Wed the population density is extremely low - 0.7 people / km 2; the placement of the population is mainly. focal character. Means. some of the settlements in the Nadym-Purovsky, Novourengoysky and Noyabrsky districts are confined to the enterprises of the oil and gas industry; in zap. parts of the county important role of trade and transport-distribute. node is played by Salekhard. Share of mountains. us. 83.7% (2016), the largest cities (thousand people): Novy Urengoy (111.2) and Noyabrsk (106.6), where about half of the district's residents live.

Religion

On the territory of Ya.-N. and. about. registered: 27 Orthodox organizations belonging to the Salekhard diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church (formed in 2011 by secession from the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese); 17 Muslim organizations, including the Regional Spiritual Administration of Muslims Ya.-N. and. about.; 19 Protestant organizations decomp. denominations [Baptists (8), Pentecostals (5), Christians of the Evangelical faith (4), Evangelical Christians (2)].

Historical sketch

MVK them. I.S.Shemanovsky (1, 2), Shuryshkarsky Museum Complex (3) Archaeological finds on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: 1 - a ceramic vessel from the settlement of Gorny Samotnel I. Eneolithic; 2 - a horned figurine of an owl from the Ust-Poluy sanctuary. 1...

To the most ancient archaeological. The monuments of the region (probably about 20 thousand years ago) include Upper Paleolithic stone tools. appearance found on the banks of the river. Voikar. The Mesolithic is represented by five monuments in the taiga zone, their multicomponent is noted; for one of the trapping pits, there are radiocarbon calibrated dates ranging from 7500 to 6350 BC. e. Due to permafrost, at a number of sites of this and later times, products and remains of structures from organic matter have been preserved. materials. The Neolithic is known in the east of the region, complexes of trapping pits, stone mines, settlements of fishermen and hunters, united into the Etta cultural type, were studied.

The Eneolithic of the Lower Ob region (3rd millennium BC) is represented by three economic and cultural types: settlements of sedentary fishermen on the Ob (Gorny Samotnel I, etc.); seasonal sites on small rivers (Yasun culture), sites of hunters south. tundra (Yorkuta type of monuments). The Bronze Age explored in the main. in the east of the region - in the upper reaches of the river. Pyakupur and the river basin. The pelvis where the local overlay is fixed ymyyakhtakh culture ... At the settlement of the early Bronze Age Vary-Khadyta II (south of the Yamal Peninsula), several. fragments of copper-bronze items, ceramics with zoomorphic adhesions, etc.

Complexes of the Early Iron Age are concentrated in the zones of sowing. taiga and forest-tundra; they, like the later ones, are close to the taiga cultures and types of monuments widespread to the south (see Historical sketch in Art. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug); stands out ust-Poluy culture ... From the 1st century. BC e. Reindeer husbandry is becoming an important factor in development, ensuring the growth of population mobility, the possibility of communication with the south and west; with the introduction of draft reindeer breeding (not earlier than the Middle Ages), the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas were developed. The early medieval complex Zeleny Yar (Priuralsky district) with a bronze casting workshop and burial grounds (including those with mummified remains of people) stands out for the richness and safety of finds. Wed-century. complexes are considered in the framework of the Ob-Irtysh cultural-historical. community, DOS. whose monuments are located to the south.

The interaction of various Ugric and Samoyed groups led to the formation of Samoyeds (Nenets) and Ostyaks (Khanty). The centers of the Ugric "principalities" are associated with the Nadym (see in st. Nadym), Voikarsky, Poluisky and other "small towns" Obdorskoy land late Middle Ages and modern times.

The active penetration of the Russians into the Obdorsk land began in the last Thursday. 15th century During the hike, Russian. troops 1499-1500 was founded by the Obdorsky prison (soon abandoned). Obdorsk Prince retained its independence virtually to the end. 16th century, although the name "Obdorsky and Kondinsky" was included in the title of the Great. princes of Moscow in 1514 or 1516. In 1595, in response to the siege by the Ostyaks and Samoyeds, the city of Berezov was undertaken military. expedition rus. troops under the command. book PI Gorchakov and the head of A. V. Khrushchov, which led to the subordination of the Obdorsky prince. On the site of his capital in the same year (according to another version, in 1596) Russian was founded. Fortress Poluisky Nosovy town (Nosovy Obdor; later Obdorsky ostrog, Obdorsk, from the 19th century Obdorskoye village). At about the same time, the Obdorskaya volost arose as part of the Berezovsky district. Despite this, until the 1st Thursday. 19th century Russian the authorities did not seriously interfere in the internal. the device of the Ostyaks and Samoyeds, the princely Ostyak dynasty has also survived, whose representative Taisha in 1714 adopted Orthodoxy with the name Aleksey (his descendants were called the princes Taishins). The Ostyaks and Samoyeds of Yamal regularly raised their arms. speeches against Russian. authorities (1600, 1607, 1644, 1649, 1662–63, 1678). In 1601 on the banks of the river. Taz was founded by the city of Mangazeya, which became the center of a vast county, which included the east. and southeast. land of modern Ya.-N. and. about. In 1672 the center of the Mangazeya district. was moved to the city of Novaya Mangazeya (later Turukhansk; now the village of Staroturukhansk in the Krasnoyarsk Territory).

Territory of modern Ya.-N. and. about. was part of the Siberian (1708–82) and Tobolsk (1782–1804) provinces, then most of it was part of the Tobolsk (1804–1920) and Tyumen (1920–23) provinces, and the east. (Gydan Peninsula, etc.) and southeast. the districts were part of the Tomsk (1804–22) and Yenisei (1822–1925; eastern areas until 1923) provinces. In 1717 and 1726, Metropolitan Philotheus of Tobolsk and Siberia (Leshchinsky) made missions to the Obdorsk volost and baptized part of the local population. An important role in the development of the region was played by the introduction of the prepared by M.M.Speransky Charter on the management of foreigners 1822 ... In 1825 the Obdorsk fair was founded, which reached its peak by the end. 19th century In 1825-29 and 1832-1841, performances of the Nenets took place under the leadership of Vauli Piettomin (Vavle Nenyanga). In 1832–33 and 1854 - the beginning. 1920s the Obdorsk spiritual mission (established in 1828) operated. In 1865-1918, the Obdorskaya Ostyatskaya and Obdorskaya Samoyed aliens operated to manage the local population. councils. In the 19th century. on the lands of the Ob basin, there was a massive resettlement from beyond the Urals of the Komi-Zyryans. In 1923 founded. part of the region entered Ural region , and southeast. areas - in Siberian region (1925–30), West Siberian Territory (1930–34) and Krasnoyarsk Territory (1934–44).

By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 10.12.1930, the Yamal (Nenets) national. district with the center in the village. Obdorskoe (Obdorsk; since 1933 a worker's settlement Salekhard, since 1938 a city). It was originally divided into 4 districts. It was part of the Ural Region. (1930–34), Obsko-Irtysh region. (1934), Omsk region. (1934–44), from 1944 Tyumen region. Since 1934, the documents have used the name Yamalo-Nenets National. district, which was officially consolidated in 1940. By the decree of the Presidium of the RSFSR Armed Forces of 08/10/1944 in the Yamalo-Nenets National. the district was transferred to 4 village councils of the Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk region. In the 1940s and 50s. Salekhard was a support base for the distribution of prisoners who were under the jurisdiction of the Ob department of correctional labor camps, the 501st and 503rd Ch. railway camp directorates construction, engaged in the construction of the Transpolar Railway (Chum - Salekhard - Igarka; construction site 501). Railway traffic is open. lines Chum - Labytnangi (1955, from 1958 permanent), Old Nadym - Pangody and Pangody - Yagelnaya (Novy Urengoy) (both 1970s), Surgut - Novy Urengoy (1985), Novy Urengoy - Yamburg (1989, working) ... From the beginning. 1960s The district is developing as the largest gas production region in the USSR (since 1991 in the Russian Federation); approx. 10 large deposits, including Tazovskoe (1962), Urengoyskoe (the largest in the world; 1966), Medvezhye (1967), etc., on the territory of Ya.-N. and. about. the largest gas pipelines begin, including Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod (1983) and Yamal - Europe (2006). The development of the gas industry has fundamentally changed the face of J.-N. and. Thus, Nadym (1972), Labytnangi (1975), Novy Urengoy (1980), Noyabrsk (1982), Muravlenko (1990), Gubkinsky (1996), Tarko-Sale (2004) received the status of cities. According to the Constitution of the USSR 1977 (confirmed by the Constitution of the RSFSR 1978 and the Law of the RSFSR dated 20.11.1980 "On Autonomous Districts") Yamalo-Nenets National. the district was renamed into the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

10/18/1990 Council of People. deputies Ya.-N. and. about. Of the 21st convocation adopted the Declaration on the state. the sovereignty of the Yamal-Nenets Republic within the RSFSR, however, this transformation was not consolidated in the Russian Federation. legislation. According to the Federal Treaty (1992) and the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993), it became independent. a subject within the Russian Federation, territorially remaining part of the Tyumen region. On April 10, 1997, an agreement was signed on the delimitation of the spheres of authority of the Tyumen region. with the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and Ya.-N. and. about. Since 2000 as part of the Ural Federal District.

Farm

Ya.-N. and. about. included in the West Siberian economic. rn, is a resource region of the Russian Federation. The share of the region in growing. GDP 2.7%. Volume of prom. production is about 1000 times greater than the volume of agricultural. products (2015). The district accounts for approx. 80% grew. volume of natural gas production, approx. 75% gas condensate, St. 4% oil, approx. 1.5% of production is building. nonmetallic materials.

GRP structure by types of economic. activities (%, 2014): mining 50.2, construction 14.8, wholesale and retail trade, decomp. consumer services 10.5, transport and communications 8.7, real estate transactions, rent and services 6.4, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 2.1, state. management and support of the military. safety, compulsory social security 2.1, other activities 5.2. The ratio of enterprises by forms of ownership (by the number of organizations,%, 2015): private 79.7, municipal 8.6, public. and religion. organizations (associations) 5.0, state. 3.9, etc. forms of ownership 2.8.

Economically active us. 316.0 thousand people, of which approx. 95%. The structure of employment of the population by type of economic. activities (%, 2015): construction 19.8, mining 19.1, transport and communications 13.6, real estate transactions 7.8, education 6.9, wholesale and retail trade, decomp. household services 6.1, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 5.8, health care and social services 4.5, manufacturing 3.8, etc. utilities, social and personal services 2.5, etc. activities 10.1. The unemployment rate is 3.6%. Cash income per capita. 66.9 thousand rubles per month (219.4% of the average for the Russian Federation, 2nd place; 2015); 7.5% of us. has incomes below the subsistence level.

Industry

Volume of prom. products 1696.4 billion rubles. (2015); of which 79.7% are mining, 17.4% - processing industries, 2.9% - production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. Sectoral structure of manufacturing industries (%): production of petroleum products, chemical. industry 94.4, mechanical engineering 4.6, other industries 1.0.

Electricity production 7.1 billion kWh (2015). Large power plants: Urengoyskaya GRES (Novy Urengoy; installed capacity over 500 MW), Noyabrskaya combined cycle power plant (over 122 MW). There is no unified power supply system; in a number of municipalities (including in Salekhard) they operate in isolation. electric power systems; in small settlements - diesel power plants.

Ya.-N. and. about. ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in natural gas production (507.7 billion cubic meters, 2015) and gas condensate (24.1 million tons); oil is also produced (20.7 million tons). On the territory of the district, St. 200 deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials, of which approx. 1/3 is in the prom. development. Main fields under development: Zapolyarnoye, Urengoyskoye (both gas condensate and oil), Bovanenkovskoye, Yamburgskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye, Beregovoye, Yurkharovskoye (all oil and gas condensate), Ety-Purovskoye, Nakhodkinskoye (both oil and gas), Medvezhye (gas). Preparing for prom. development (mid-2017) Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye gas condensate and Kharasaveyskoye (Kharasoveyskoye) oil and gas condensate fields. Leading companies: subsidiaries of Gazprom (approx. 75% of the gas production in the district, as well as approx. 50% of gas condensate), NOVATEK (approx. 40% of gas condensate), Rosneft, etc.

Processing of hydrocarbon raw materials (main products - raw materials for the petrochemical and chemical industries, including a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons) is carried out at the gas processing plants of SiburTyumenGaz: Gubkinsky (Gubkinsky), Vyngapurovsky and Muravlenkovsky (both in the Purovsky district), the Purovsky plant for processing gas condensate of the NOVATEK company (Tarko-Sale). The Novourengoysky plant of the Gazprom company is in operation to prepare gas condensate for transportation. A plant for the production of liquefied natural gas (based on the Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye field; Yamal-LNG project), Novourengoysky gas chemical plant are under construction (mid-2017). complex.

Chromium ores are mined in small volumes (the Central deposit, developed by the Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Plant), in the village. mountains. such as Kharp of the Priuralsky district - will enrich. factory. Main specialization in mechanical engineering. enterprises - service maintenance of the oil and gas complex. Valid approx. 100 mining enterprises. construction raw materials (including divisions of the Gazprom company). In the food-flavoring industry, the production of fish (the company "Yamal Product" in Salekhard) and meat (the enterprise "Yamal Oeni", the village of Yar-Sale; semi-finished products from venison) stands out.

Main prom. centers: Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Gubkinsky.

Foreign trade turnover USD 1389.0 million (2015), including exports of USD 669.0 million. Over 98% of the export value is made up of fuel and energy products. complex. The import is dominated by mechanical engineering products (over 95%).

Agriculture

The cost of agricultural products 1.6 billion rubles. (2015), the share of animal husbandry is St. 90%. S.-kh. lands make up only 0.3% of the territory of Ya.-N. and. about. Potatoes and vegetables are grown (Table 1). Main livestock specialization - reindeer husbandry (over 600 thousand heads - about half of the growing number of reindeer; 2015), small quantities of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats are also raised (Tables 2, 3). Cellular fur farming. Fur trade. Fishing (the main commercial species are nelma, muksun, wild boar, peled, etc.). Almost the entire land area (over 99%) belongs to agricultural lands. organizations. OK. 90% milk, St. 45% of livestock and poultry for slaughter, approx. 40% vegetables, approx. 30% of potatoes are produced in agriculture. organizations; OK. 70% potatoes, approx. 60% vegetables, St. 50% livestock and poultry for slaughter, approx. 10% of milk - in households (2015). There are slaughter complexes for processing reindeer meat (in the settlements of Seyakha, Antipayuta, Nyda, as well as in the Yamal and Priuralsky regions), approx. 20 fishing enterprises (including "Gydaagro", "Tazagrorybprom", Novoportovsky and Salemalsky fish factories, "Aksarkovskoye fishing enterprise"), as well as "State farm Verkhne-Purovsky" (Purovsky district; sable breeding; reindeer breeding; fur production -fur products, including souvenir), "State farm Baidaratsky" (Priuralsky district; breeding polar foxes, foxes; reindeer husbandry; production of dairy products, etc.), the company "Nyda-resource" (Nadym; processing of meat, wild berries and mushrooms). Construction of greenhouse complexes is underway in Salekhard, Gubkinsky (mid-2017).

Table 1. Main types of crop production, thousand tons

Table 2. Livestock population, thousand heads

	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
Cattle	6,8	4,1	2,1	1,1	1,0	1,0
Pigs	12,5	12,3	8,8	1,6	2,2	1,1
Sheep and goats	0,3	0,4	0,1	0,1	0,1	0,1

Table 3. Main types of livestock products

Services sector

In addition to trade, real estate transactions, state. management and support of the military. security, financial and other services, the development of tourism (cultural, educational, ethnographic, event, extreme, sports, environmental) is of great importance. Ya.-N. and. about. has a high tourist and recreation. potential: a number of indigenous minorities live here. peoples of the North who have preserved the traditions. types of farms. activities (mainly in the Yamal and Priuralsky districts, near Salekhard - the natural ethnographic complex "Yamal patrimony of Prince Taishin"), carried out by nat. holidays (including Reindeer Herder's Day); developed tourist. routes (including "Following the footsteps of mammoths" in the Yamal region; rafting down the mountain rivers of the Polar Urals, climbing the mountain peaks of the Kharpsko-Raiizskaya zone in the Urals region), on the territory of the okrug - a number of specially protected natural areas, including federal significance.

Transport

The length of public railways is 481 km (2015). Railway sections pass through the territory of the district. lines Chum - Labytnangi, Tyumen - Novy Urengoy (both are carried out including passenger traffic), lines Novy Urengoy - Yamburg, Novy Urengoy - Nadym-Pristan, Obskaya - Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Karskaya (all are focused on cargo transportation). Length of paved roads approx. 2.2 thousand km (2015); length of winter roads approx. 1.4 thousand km. Road transport is used by Ch. arr. for cargo and passenger transportation over short distances. River navigation (navigation approx. 9 weeks per year) along the Ob, Nadym, Pur and Taz rivers; main river ports: Salekhardskiy, Nadymskiy, Urengoyskiy; a number of piers are in operation. Main pestilence ports (navigation 3-4 months a year): Yamburg, Tambey, Cape Kamenny, Novy Port. The pestilence is active. loading terminal "Gates of the Arctic" (export of oil from the Novoportovoye field). As part of the Yamal LNG project, the construction (mid-2017) of the Sabetta port infrastructure is nearing completion. Air transport - main. type of message within the district. Airports in Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Salekhard, pos. Sabetta (since 2015; international), as well as in regional centers. A number of pipelines pass through the Okrug, including the Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Ukhta - Torzhok gas pipeline; the Zapolyarye-Purpe oil pipeline; product pipeline Purovsky gas condensate processing plant - Tobolsk-Neftekhim.

Health care

In J.-N. and. about. for 10 thousand inhabitants accounts for: 41.9 doctors, persons cf. honey. staff 119.4; hospital beds 84.4 (2014). General morbidity per 1,000 inhabitants. is 2096.8 cases (2014). Diseases of the respiratory system, digestion, and genitourinary system prevail. The incidence of tuberculosis was 50.2 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. (2014). Main causes of death: diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, accidents, injuries, poisoning.

Education. Institutions of science and culture

Management of educational institutions is carried out by the Department of Education. Main regulatory document - Law on Education (2013, edition 2016). The education system includes preschool education, primary, secondary, professional and technical. and higher education. Operating (2016, Yamalstat data): 194 preschool institutions (over 46 thousand pupils), 130 general education institutions. educational institutions (about 69.7 thousand students). The peculiarity of the education system Ya.-N. and. about. is the presence of a large number of boarding schools in rural areas [in 2016 - 24 (over 9 thousand students)]. There are 8 organizations of prof.-technical. education (over 5 thousand students), 12 branches of universities (about 2.6 thousand students). Ch. scientific. institutions, universities, libraries and museums are located in Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Salekhard.

Media

Leading periodicals editions: newspapers (Salekhard) "Krasny Sever" (published since 1931, in Russian; 2 times a week, circulation 8,500 copies), "Nyaryana Ngerm" (since 1931, since 1991 are independent. edition, in the Nenets language, weekly, 1.5 thousand copies). Television and radio broadcasts are broadcast by Yamal State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, the regional state television and radio broadcasting company "Yamal-Region" (1998). Information agency - Sever-press.

Architecture and fine arts

The most ancient monuments of art in J.-N. and. about. - ornamentation. ceramics (from the Neolithic), ceramics were found at the settlement of the early Bronze Age Vary-Khadyt II. vessels with zoomorphic adhesions. At a number of archaeological. monuments in permafrost conditions preserved products and structures from organic. materials. During the excavation of the settlement at the confluence of the river. Poluy to the Ob (territory of Salekhard) ust-Poluisk cultures a unique collection of wood, birch bark, bone, horn, bronze and other items decorated with rich ornamentation was obtained, including sculptural, carved, engraved images of people, animals, birds (late 1st millennium BC. - the beginning of the 1st millennium AD; stored in Kunstkamera , Yamalo-Nenets District Museum and Exhibition Complex), the remains of trees were studied. buildings. The collection from the excavations of the early medieval complex Zeleny Yar includes remnants of fur clothing (from hats to shoes), a leather belt with rich metal. headset, anthropo- and zoomorphic plastic, ornaments, including imported with niello, granulation, gilding, imported metal. and local ceramics. dishes, including with ornaments, etc. Art and architecture of the local population of the developed Middle Ages and the New Age are presented in the main. finds on "towns", including Poluysk, Voikarsk, Nadym (see in the station Nadym). Round and rectangular earthen dwellings were built with hipped-roof trees. roofs, with pillars around the center. hearth (sites near Salekhard and at Cape Tiutei-Sale on the Yamal Peninsula, early 2nd millennium).

From the end. 16th century construction was carried out rus. stockades (Obdorsky, 1595 or 1596, now Salekhard; Mangazeya, 1607; all not preserved) with log trees. houses and fortifications, rebuilt in the 17th century. (Obdorsk prison also in 1730–31). From the end. 16th century trees were erected. churches (Trinity Cathedral in Mangazeya, 17th century, not preserved). From the 18th century. brick buildings were also built. One of the oldest surviving buildings is c. Apostles Peter and Paul in russian-Byzantine style in Salekhard (1886–94, German architect G. Zink).

Since the 1930s. The town of Salekhard (general plan 1950) and the villages of Yar-Sale, Muzhi, Nyda, Krasnoselkup, Tazovsky, Tarko-Sale (since 2004 - a city), Urengoy were being improved. Since the 1970s. new cities with multi-storey buildings were built: Nadym (1972), Labytnangi (1975), Novy Urengoy (1980), Noyabrsk (1982), Muravlenko (1990), Gubkinsky (1996).

In the 1990s - 2010s. new temples were built: c. St. Nicholas in Nadym (1992–98), c. Archangel Michael in Noyabrsk (1997-2005), c. St. Nicholas in Tarko-Sale (2003–05), Epiphany Cathedral in Novy Urengoy (2007–15), c. Nativity of Christ in the village. Pangody (2009–11), the Transfiguration Cathedral in Salekhard (2012–17). Among the trees. churches: the Nativity of Christ in the village. Khanymei (2004), in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Inexhaustible Chalice" in the village. Purpe (2005–07), St. Nicholas on about. White (2013). In 1994–2006, the Obdorsk prison museum was built in Salekhard (a copy of the prison of the 17th century; with a church in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”, 2006–07). Also, the building of the government of J.-N. and. about. in Salekhard (2009), new bridges.

From the beginning. 20th century worked as a Nenets artist, writer and researcher T. Vylka (student of V. V. Perepletchikov and A. E. Arkhipov). 1950-60s the artist and woodcarver G.A.Puiko, the master of applied arts V.A.Sablin worked. In the 1970s and 90s. artists V.M.Samburov, L.A. Lar, M.V. Kanev, R.K.Bekshenev, masters of decorative and applied arts G.E.Khartaganov, A.M. Kudelin, L.K. Agicheva , A. M. Syazi, N. M. Taligina, I. L. Khudi, V. F. Yadne.

In bunk. In the works of the Nenets and Selkups, bone, wood and horn carving, fur applique work, and the manufacture of products from birch bark (with a pattern in the form of zigzags, "deer horns" and "pike teeth") are developed. Women's clothing is decorated with a stripe of rhythmic geometric. a pattern made from pieces of deer fur. Deer bone foreheads are covered with an engraved "eye" ornament. Among the Selkups, on the leather clothes of shamans, there are contour images of people, animals and birds. Metallic materials are produced. jewelry (earrings, rings, pendants, etc.).

Music

The basis of muses. cultures - traditions of Russians, Ukrainians, Nenets, Tatars, Khanty, Bashkirs, Belarusians, Komi, Selkups and other peoples. Cultural and educational work among the local population has been carried out since 1932 by the Yamal Okrug House of the Nenets (founded in 1925 under the name of the House of the National Man, since 1930 as the House of the Native) in Obdorsk (since 1933 Salekhard). In 1947, with him, the nat. muses. collectives, including the Komi choir. In 1949 "House of the Nenets" was renamed into the District House of Culture of the Peoples of the North, in 1987 - into the District Center of the National. cultures (since 1986 in a modern building with two concert halls); in 1992 it was reorganized, it became the largest cultural center of the district (contributes to the preservation of national musical folklore, holds various festivals, performances, concerts, etc.). Since 1990, prof. ensemble nat. songs "Shoyotei Yamal" (founded in 1969 at the Salekhard Pedagogical School as a national song and dance ensemble; since 1987 in the status of a folk, since 2014 as a governor); in his repertoire - songs of the Nenets, Komi, Selkups, Khanty in authentic and adapted versions. In Salekhard also works state. Cultural and business center with a concert hall (founded in 2006, opened in 2008), in Noyabrsk - a branch of the Tyumen State. Philharmonic.

Ural federal district. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The area is 769.3 thousand square kilometers. Formed on December 10, 1930.
The administrative center of the federal district - the city of Salekhard.

- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Ural Federal District, located in the Arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. According to the Charter of the Tyumen Region, it is also a part of the Tyumen Region, being an equal subject of the Russian Federation. The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is washed from the north by the waters of the Arctic Ocean (Kara Sea). The Yamal Peninsula, the northernmost mainland point of the district, is located on the territory of the Okrug.

It is part of the West Siberian economic region. The economy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is based on oil and gas production. The largest herd of reindeer in Russia is grazed on Yamal - over 700 thousand heads. The county is a leading exporter of deer meat to foreign markets. The world's largest stock of whitefishes is concentrated in the rivers and lakes of Yamal. The basis of the ichthyofauna is the famous northern white fish - nelma, muksun, pyzhyan, vendace. The district is also a major supplier of furs: silver-black foxes, blue foxes, and colored minks are bred on fur farms. The main types of economic activity in the region are fuel and energy complex, construction, trade, transport and communications.

On December 10, 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was formed as part of the Ural Region. Later, the Yamalo-Nenets national district was part of the Obsko-Irtysh and Omsk regions.
On August 14, 1944, the Yamalo-Nenets National District became part of the Tyumen Region.
In 1977, the Yamal-Nenets National District received the status of an autonomous region.
Since 1992, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has been a subject of the Russian Federation.

Cities and regions of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Cities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Salekhard, Gubkinsky, Labytnangi, Tarko-Sale, Muravlenko, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk.

Urban districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: “Salekhard City”, “Gubkinsky City”, “Labytnangi City”, “Muravlenko City”, “Novy Urengoy City”, “Noyabrsk City”.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

1. Territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, administrative structure

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a subject of the Russian Federation. According to the Charter of the Tyumen Region, it is also a part of the Tyumen Region, being an equal subject of the Russian Federation. It is part of the Ural Federal District.

Territory of the Autonomous Okrug. In terms of area, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ranks 6th among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The administrative center of the district is the city of Salekhard. The Autonomous Okrug comprises 13 municipalities.

Urban districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug:

-urban district Salekhard;

-urban district Gubkinsky;

-urban district Labytnangi;

-urban district Muravlenko;

-urban district Novy Urengoy;

-urban district of Noyabrsk.

Districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug:

-Krasnoselkupsky district;

-Nadym region;

-Priuralsky district;

-Purovsky district;

-Tazovsky district;

-Shuryshkarsky district;

-Yamal region.

2. Economic and geographical position of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the center of the Far North of Russia. More than half of the territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle.

The northern border of the Autonomous Okrug is washed by the waters of the Kara Sea (provides fishing). In the west, along the Ural ridge, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug borders on the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic, in the south - on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in the east - on the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Assessing the position of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, one can distinguish positive and negative aspects:

-There is access to the sea;

-provision with electric power resources;

-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the leader of the Russian gas industry.

-Remoteness of territories;

-the density of transport routes is extremely low, the use of sea transport is limited due to the difficult natural and climatic conditions;

-agriculture is underdeveloped;

-low population density;

-tourism is practically undeveloped.

3. Natural conditions and resources

The climate of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is harsh and sharply continental. The territory of the Okrug is located mainly in three climatic zones: the arctic, subarctic and the northern (taiga) zone of the West Siberian lowland. The relief of the district is represented by two parts: mountainous and flat.

The huge reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials make it possible to call the Okrug the world's largest resource base for oil and gas. The Okrug contains about 78% of Russian gas reserves (in terms of explored reserves and production of which the Okrug ranks first in the Russian Federation) and 18% of oil reserves (in terms of explored reserves of liquid hydrocarbons, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ranks second after the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug).

The water resources of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are rich and diverse. Water resources are presented by the rivers Ob, Pur, Taz, Nadym. The largest river is the Ob. The main water management and transport functions are performed by the Ob River. On the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there are huge reserves of artesian and thermal waters.

The reserves of chromium, iron, tin, lead of noble and non-ferrous metals, and other minerals are mainly concentrated in the western part of the district, in the mountains of the Polar Urals.

In the forest-tundra and northern taiga soils are gley-podzolic, gley slightly podzolic and podzolic illuvial-humus. The vegetation cover of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has a pronounced latitudinal zoning. In total, five landscape zones are distinguished: arctic, moss-lichen tundra, shrub tundra, forest tundra, northern taiga.

The fauna of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is rich and diverse.

The tundra, forest-tundra, taiga and mountain-Ural natural-geographical zones are inhabited by 38 species of mammals, 255 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles, 4 species of amphibians and 40 species of fish.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the regions of extreme habitation, since the natural conditions are unfavorable for economic activity and people's life.

4. Population, labor resources

The population of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was 539.6 thousand people, which is 0.4% lower than the level of the corresponding date of the previous year. It takes 71st place in terms of population among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The decrease in the population was due to the loss of migration. Population density - 0.70 people / km 2 (2014), more than 10 times lower than the average for Russia. The share of the urban population, as in many other northern regions, is high - 84.7%.

The ethnic composition of the population is heterogeneous: Russians make up 61.7%, Ukrainians - 9.7%, Tatars - 5.6%, Nenets - 5.9% according to the 2010 census.

The demographic situation was characterized by a decrease in the number of births by 0.9% compared to 2012, per 1000 population - 16.4 births. The natural increase per 1000 population was 11.3 people in 2013. According to long-term data, the birth rate in Yamal is higher than the national average, and the death rate is lower. Natural growth is observed in all cities and districts of the district.

The Okrug has a high share of the population of working age - 71.8%, the share of the population under the working age is also higher than the national average - 22.7%, and the share of the population older than the working age is noticeably lower than the average Russian indicators - 5.5%. The unemployment rate was 3.2% in 2013 - the lowest in the Ural Federal District. In the Autonomous Okrug there are rather intensive migration processes. The migration loss of population in 2013 is 7 times higher than the level of 2012.

It should be noted that the migration of the population in the Autonomous Okrug occurs mainly within the Russian Federation (in 2013, 74.9% of the total number of arrivals arrived in the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, 83.6% of the total number of those who left) left. The main reasons for the arrival of migrants to the territory of the Autonomous Okrug are personal, family circumstances and job search. Labor activity in the Autonomous Okrug is attractive, first of all, for labor migrants from neighboring countries.

5. Characteristics of the farm

Development level, structure of the economy

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is an industrial resource-producing region. In its structure, industry accounts for 53.5%, agriculture - 0.1%, construction - 15.1%, transport - 5.8%, trade and commercial activities for the sale of goods and services - 4%. Main industries: oil and gas production, fishing. The economy of the district is highly specialized.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is in 8th place among all constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of gross regional product, in 5th place in terms of industrial production and in 4th place in terms of investments. The gross regional product of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is growing by an average of 14.5% per year. Per capita GRP ranks second after the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The main source of investment in the country as a whole is attracted funds, in the Okrug this figure is on average 15-20% higher than the national average. To increase investment attractiveness, the production and social infrastructure is being actively developed.

Development and placement of industries of market specialization

The branches of the market Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of specialization are:

-oil and gas industry;

-agro-industrial complex.

The Yamal-Nenets District is the backbone of the fuel economy of Russia. Yamal produces 91% of the country's total natural gas (a fifth of its world production) and more than 14% of Russian oil and gas condensate. In total, the district produces more than 54% of Russia's primary energy resources. In the district, work is underway at the Urengoyskoye gas field, the Nakhodkinskoye gas field, the Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field, the Ety-Purovskoye oil field, and the Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate field.

Due to the natural and climatic conditions, the agro-industrial complex of the Autonomous Okrug is focused on traditional industries: reindeer husbandry, fishing, hunting, processing of fur raw materials. Gross agricultural production is 57.9% (deer meat, fish). In the sectoral structure, livestock products prevail - 90.9%. Reindeer pastures account for 64% of the land. The Autonomous Okrug has the largest herd of reindeer in Russia and in the world. Reindeer husbandry is a highly promising agricultural industry in the region. The traditional types of agricultural activity include fishing (fishing objects - muksun, whitefish, nelma, sturgeon). In fact, half of the Russian whitefish catch is caught in Yamal. Further development of reindeer husbandry is associated with the improvement of the cycle of waste-free production, and the fishing industry - with an increase in the volume of catch and processing.

Characteristics of industries complementary to the economic complex

The branch that complements the economic complex is the electric power industry. Over 80% of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug's electricity needs are covered by its own production. Nadym and Purovsky districts, the cities of Noyabrsk, Muravlenko, Gubkinsky and Novy Urengoy are connected to the centralized power supply system from energy sources and electrical networks. In total, 672 power plants with a total capacity of 1.4 million kW operate in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.

The level of development and placement of industrial and social infrastructure

The region is characterized by the presence of hard-to-reach and sparsely populated areas, a complex transport scheme, underdeveloped land transport, along with a spatial extent. The density of transport routes is extremely low: the density of railways. public tracks - 7 km per 10 thousand km 2, paved roads - 1.3 km per 1,000 km 2... Railway operational length tracks - 496 km, the length of paved roads - 960 km.

Air transport forms the basis of inter-municipal and inter-settlement transport links in the district, and during the thaw period it is the only way to deliver people and goods to most remote and hard-to-reach settlements. Airports are located in a number of cities (Salekhard, Noyabrsk, Novy Urengoy, Nadym, Tarko-Sale). In summer, water transport plays a significant role in the transportation of passengers and delivery of goods. A well-developed pipeline network. Gas pipelines connect Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with European Russia and foreign countries. The largest of them is "Shining of the North".

Medical care for the population of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is provided in 34 health care institutions. There are 237 healthcare institutions in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The provision of hospital beds - 115.8 per 10 thousand people. There are 48.8 doctors per 10 thousand inhabitants, 135.6 people. nursing staff.

There are 184 preschool education institutions and 141 secondary schools in the Autonomous Okrug. Professional education is poorly developed. The vocational education system of the Autonomous Okrug is represented by 5 institutions of primary vocational education, 6 institutions of secondary vocational education. There is one university in the district - the West Siberian Humanitarian Institute in Nadym, 25 branches of institutions of higher professional education.

The provision with housing is below the national average - 17.3 m 2 per person, while the share of dilapidated and dilapidated housing is three times higher. The electricity tariff is 1204 rubles. / Gcal. The average tariff for cold water is 45 rubles / cubic meter, for hot water 55 rubles / cubic meter. The price on the primary housing market in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is 42,000 rubles per square meter. meter.

The budget of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has a pronounced social orientation: more than 80% of the expenditure part is directed to solving social problems of the population. Housing construction is rapidly developing in the district, modern schools, hospitals and sports facilities are being built.

6. Territorial structure of the economy

In Novy Urengoy, the creation of a gas chemical cluster and the construction of the Khimpark Yamal-Polymer enterprise began. On the initiative of the Yamal district technopark specialists, it is planned to build a Yamal-polymer enterprise near the gas chemical complex, which will produce various goods made of polyethylene. The planned commissioning of the Novy Urengoy gas chemical complex is early 2015.

In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, oil and gas and agro-industrial complexes have been developed.

The oil industry is concentrated in the north of the district; southern territories - gas chemical complex.

7. Internal differences and cities, attractions

In the Autonomous Okrug there is a rather high (3rd place), in comparison with other regions, the average level of wages. The average salary in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2013 was 52,400 rubles. The highest level of wages is observed in the oil and gas production areas, the lowest - in the rural areas of the Autonomous Okrug. Poverty rates are the lowest q among regions. Per capita GRP ranks second after the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Major cities: Novy Urengoy - the largest city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, population - 116.5 thousand people.

Noyabrsk - 108 thousand people

Nadym - 46.8 thousand people

Salekhard - 46.6 thousand people

There are no agglomerations.

Tourism in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is practically undeveloped. The most promising direction of tourism is considered to be natural and ethnographic. The created tourist complexes make it possible to get acquainted with the life of the indigenous population of the tundra, with its way of life and traditions, but the demand for such services from the non-Yamal population is small.

Sightseeing: Stela 66 Parallel (Arctic Circle), Gydansky Nature Reserve, Ust-Poluysky archaeological site.

8. Economic ties

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug maintained relations in 2013 with trading partners from 36 countries of the world: Great Britain, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, Germany, Denmark, Poland.

In 2013, the foreign trade turnover decreased by 10.3% compared to 2012. The total volume of trade with non-CIS countries (98.8% of the total foreign trade turnover), with the CIS countries - 1.2%.

Export volume - 1972.1 million US dollars, in 2013 decreased by 9.8% compared to 2012.

Import volume - 251.8 million US dollars, in 2013 decreased by 0.4% compared to 2012.

.UK (33.1%)

Netherlands (29.1%)

.Republic of Korea (12.1%)

.Mineral fuel

.Oil and products of their distillation

USA (15.9%)

China (14.7%)

Ukraine (13.0%)

.Machinery, equipment and vehicles

.Metals and metal products.

9. Problems, development prospects

The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug today is a stable, dynamically developing region, where a solid foundation has been laid for further socio-economic development, which allows making large-scale plans for the future.

The development strategy until 2020, developed by the Government of the Autonomous Okrug, links the development of the fuel and energy complex with the formation of new branches of the regional economy necessary for modern life. One of the global long-term projects is the development of gas reserves of the peninsula and the shelf of the Kara Sea. 11 gas and 15 oil and gas condensate fields have been discovered here. Another major undertaking is the creation of a new mining center on the territory of the Polar Urals, which provides raw materials for the metallurgy of neighboring regions.

Together with the Siberian Scientific Analytical Center and RAO Russian Railways, the district administration is now working on the development of a network of railways and highways and telecommunications systems. They should connect the Arctic Yamal with the large industrial centers of the Urals.

The social problems are highly specialized, raw materials economy, high cost of living in unfavorable conditions, low life expectancy of the indigenous peoples of the North.

The priority goals of the socio-economic development of the Autonomous Okrug in the medium term are:

increasing the resource base of minerals;

creation of gas and oil refineries and enterprises;

the development of the mining industry;

environmental safety and efficient use of natural resources;

development of small and medium-sized businesses;

development of the affordable housing market and an increase in the rate of housing construction, a decrease in the volume of dilapidated and emergency housing;

preservation and improvement of social support for the population; - increasing employment and reducing unemployment;

More than thirty social programs are being implemented in the region.

population resource district industry

List of sources

1.Bank of cities. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"\u003e 2. Site of the Government of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Geography [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"\u003e. Subjects of the Russian Federation. YaNAO [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"\u003e. Site of the Government of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Geography [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"\u003e. Wikipedia. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Access mode: # "justify"\u003e. The world of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"\u003e. Site of the Government of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Economics [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"\u003e. Portal Compatriots [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: # "justify"\u003e. InterEnergo portal [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://ieport.ru (Date of access: 17.04.14)