What is a condensing boiler. Overview of the condensation boilers on the gas manufacturers of the heating equipment of the type under consideration

Recently, a new type of gas boilers appeared - condensing boilers. They work, as it should be gaseous boilers, on natural or liquefied gas. Liquefied gas, as a rule, use more structural boilers, more often industrial than residents. With its name, condensation gas boilers are obliged to select the heat from the combustion products "hidden" heat obtained as a result of the condensation of the water vapor contained in them. Using such warmth, usually flowing together with smoke gases, condensing boilers can reach the medium for the heating period of the efficiency (efficiency), which is conditionally denoted as 107-109%.

Wall condensation boilers have long been widespread in Europe, where they occupy about 70% of the gas boiler market.

With the development of consumer individual heating, they are becoming more and more widely used in Russia and begin to be introduced into the Ukrainian market. Recently, in connection with the active construction of the apartments of improved planning and a large area, there has been an opinion that the wall gas boiler (condensing or ordinary) is a lot of consuming heating. It should be noted that the wall condensation boilers, as not by condensing gas boilers, you can make apartments or small country cottages, large individual houses (about 230 m2) require the installation of an outdoor boiler, independently, condensation or ordinary gas. Do not forget that in individual cottages, in addition to heating the water of the heating system, the boiler works and for water heating for domestic needs.

Principle of operation: In conventional gas boilers, combustion products pass through the heat exchange surfaces of the boiler, where they give part of their energy to the coolant. Part of the energy, together with the combustion products, leaves the boiler through the chimney system into the atmosphere, and together with the gases, the water vapor is derived in the process of condensation. In conventional boilers, the fight against condensation is obligatory, in condensation boilers, the condensation of water vapor is only welcome, it is the most important condition for the work of the boiler. A huge amount of water vapor is contained in flue gases that are not used by conventional gas boilers. In a condensation boiler, these pairs are cooled in the heat exchanger with a coolant from the reverse line of the heating system. Water pairs are condensed, and the hidden heat of condensation is transmitted to the coolant from the reverse line of the heating system, adding to the heat obtained from the combustion of fuel.

Condensation boilers have a pumping fan with a variable speed of revolutions in front of the heat exchanger, so they are made with a closed combustion chamber and the emission of combustion products through a coaxial, plastic or aluminum chimney. Control the number of fan turns makes it possible to always maintain optimal air and gas ratio for combustion. Thus, the efficiency is achieved above 100% for the lowest heat of combustion, which gives a tangible fuel economy. With this gas combustion process, the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere is very small.

For heat losses with flue gases, the boiler should occur in the heat exchanger of the boiler from flue gases. The principal possibility of using condensation heat will be the higher, the lower the temperature of the heating system, while the temperature of at least parts of the heat exchange surface should be equal to or below the temperature of the dew point. For natural gas under normal conditions, it is equal to + 57 ° C. Therefore, that the boiler worked in condensation mode, the temperature of the coolant in the reverse line (which it returns from the heating system to the boiler) should not be higher than + 57 ° C. Thus, the basic principle of operation of any condensation boiler is that the lower the temperature of the heating system, the greater the possibility of using the condensation principle.

When operating a condensation boiler in operating temperatures of 80/60 "C, a minimal condensation of water vapor occurs and the efficiency of the condensation boiler will be about 98%. The difference in efficiency compared to the classic boiler (92%) is not so large. When the temperatures of the heating system, for example, decrease up to 53/30 "C, the situation will be different. Then the condensation mode of the boiler will be fully used, there will be a significant condensation of the water vapor and the efficiency of the boiler will reach 107-109%.

Condensation boilers, like any gas, can be wall, outdoor, single or dual circuit.

Installing condensation boilers for specially designed low-temperature heating systems (preferably not higher than 60/40 ° C, maximum 70/50 ° C)

As a result of the fact that the temperature of the outgoing gases is often below 40 ° C, it may be even recommended to use only plastic or ceramic chimneys, which will significantly reduce the financial expenses for their installation.

Also on the efficiency of the condensation boiler affects the selection of the heating system: a warm floor or radiator heating. For heating systems with radiators often take the calculated winter temperature in the supply line 70 degrees and 50 degrees - in the reverse line. To create optimal condensation, the temperature of the reverse water is decisive. It should be as low as possible dew point temperature. Even if the estimated winter temperature is minus 20 degrees, the temperature of the reverse water just reaches the temperature of the dew point. The lower the water temperature in the reverse line becomes, the higher the degree of condensation in the condensation boiler.

If instead of radiator heating to maximize the warm floor system with a flow temperature of 40 -45 degrees and a temperature in the reverse line of 35-30 degrees, the degree of condensation becomes even higher. As a result, over the entire heating season, the temperature of the reverse water is significantly lower than the temperature of the dew point. The conditions for the operation of the condensation boiler are becoming optimal, and it works even more efficiently.

The use of a condensation boiler for the heating of a private house allows you to increase the comfort of the heating system (due to the possibility of the boiler at lower temperatures) and reduce gas consumption by 15-20% (with the correct calculation of the heating system). With a differentiated tariff for natural gas in some cases, a decrease in gas consumption by 20% leads to a decrease in heating costs by 1.5-2 times.

Among the advantages of condensation boilers can also be called their higher efficiency, by about 15-20% higher in comparison with ordinary. In addition, in such boilers, high-tech burners are used, which ensure the preparation of fuel-air mixture in optimal proportions for this combustion mode (with continuous control of the gas-air ratio), which minimizes the likelihood of incomplete fuel combustion.

Chimneys for conventional gas boilers differ from chimneys for condensation boilers. Myths about too complex and expensive chimneys for conditioned boilers have no reason. The main difference in chimneys for condensation boilers is that the condensing boiler design assumes the removal of combustion products is forced, which makes it possible to connect the boiler to such smoke removal systems as a coaxial chimney, a two-pipe system, as well as to the air intake system from the room and removal of combustion products through Smoke tube. The advantage of such boilers is a large number of options for connecting to chimney without its construction. This is just what is so lacking outdoor boilers. The only requirement for chimneys for condensation boilers is their tightness.

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- Installing Eletrocks

- replacement of pipes in the apartment

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- Installation of heating

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The range of heating boilers presented in retail chains is unusually diverse and wide. To date, there is an opportunity to purchase not just good, but a practically technically perfect aggregate. Think, there are no such? You're wrong. The market rapidly and confidently conquer condensation boilers - the true embodiment of environmental friendliness and efficiency. In contrast to typical gas boilers with an efficiency of about 85%, condensing units are able to spend fuel more economically - and demonstrated by the efficiency of 95-96%. In this regard, rational Europeans encourage the widespread operation of such equipment even at the legislative level.

Despite the relatively greater cost of condensation boilers compared to the "habitual designs", the first successfully and quickly pay off in the context of continuous growth in gas prices. Condensing offer almost all leading manufacturers of heating equipment - Vaillant, Junkers, Ferroli, Baxi, Viessmann.

Condensation of water vapor, which is the result of the combustion of hydrocarbons is one of the most promising innovative heat production technologies. That is why it is safe to say that behind such aggregates is the future.

A little from the history of progressive development

The first "representatives" of condensation boilers appeared in the 50s. Naturally, these models were very and very far from perfect - but the real fuel economy was shown already then. The key minus was the shortesty of structural elements in contact with aggressive condensate. Steel and cast-iron heat exchangers were sufficiently visible under the "Natius" ruthless corrosion, and the device failed.

Condensation boilers, as similar as modern in design and quality, saw the world in the 70s. Their heat exchangers have already been made of stainless steel - durable and reliable material.

Modern condensation boilers - the embodiment of savings, ecology and high efficiency. According to many experts, they definitely waiting for a promising future in the market of heating equipment

Various studies and developments regarding the use of "hidden vaporization energy" were both in the Soviet Union, but due to the many reasons to become mass and global they failed.

Principle of operation of such aggregates

As you know, the principle of functioning of any heating boiler is extremely simple:

1. Burns fuel.
2. Thermal energy is distinguished.
3. Thermal energy through the heat exchanger "comes" to the coolant.

Naturally, it does not work out without heat loss. In the traditional gas boiler, exhaust gases through the chimney "disappear" into the atmosphere; Together with them, some of the unused warmth goes, because together with the gases, water vapor is also raised, formed during the combustion of fuel.

This steam is just containing that hidden energy that condensation boilers can save and transmit the heating system. The extraction of "precious heat" becomes possible due to the condensation of steam in a special heat exchanger.

The flow of water ("returns") cools down the pair to the temperature of the dew point; Energy varied in condensation is absorbed by the same water.

Condensation heat exchangers are manufactured exclusively from corrosion-resistant materials - stainless steel or silumin, since the practical use of condensate, unfortunately, does not improve its chemically aggressive composition.

Usually, the condensate is assembled in a special built-in reservoir unit, and then it is already allotted into the sewer. Due to the high aggressiveness of this product of the "vital activity" of the boiler, various norms and rules for his lead is adopted in different countries. In some condensate, it is allowed to send immediately into the sewer, in which it is required to be pre-neutralized. Condensate neutralizers offer many manufacturers. What do they imagine? These are tanks filled with granulate containing calcium or magnesium compounds.

Definition of real efficiency boiler

Condensation boilers can safely "implement" and in traditional, and low-temperature systems like a warm floor. Working in tandem with the latter, these aggregates demonstrate extremely high efficiency, since conditions for condensation are created almost perfect.

Competent installation of the "condensation boiler + warm floor" system allows you to completely abandon the radiators and operate the warm floors as the main, and not auxiliary source of heat

Often you have to hear that the efficiency of the condensing boiler can reach a fantastic 109%. Such coup statements of manufacturers usually lead to the amazement of people at least a little-old dismantling in physics. After all, it turns out that there are actually eternal engines on sale! In fact, this is an exclusively marketing move, designed only to draw attention to the development, and in no case applying to scientific truth. But how did such a figure come out? It turns out that "excavating" for a 100% efficiency - the result of a thorough comparison of condensing with ordinary gas boilers.

"NONSENS" is explained by the specialists as follows: the efficiency of a typical boiler is calculated on the lower heat of the combustion, without taking into account the "heated" warmth, and is 92-95% with such mathematics. The efficiency of the condensation boiler for this method of calculation is as much as 100%. If you add an 8-9% "charge of energy" from using a hidden heat of condensation, just the "phenomenal performance". But this is all conditional.

If producing objective calculations, it turns out that the efficiency of standard units is only 84-86%, and condensing - a little more than 95%. And this is under ideal conditions.

Condensation boiler can always be equipped with modern weather-dependent automation. It controls the boiler, focusing on the daily temperature, thereby further increasing the efficiency of the equipment

Condensation boilers - equipment with a closed combustion chamber. Air supply, removal of combustion products are carried out in "forced order". They do not need a classic chimney and are safe enough. They can be connected to such smoke manual systems as a two-pipe system, coaxy chimney, etc.

A relatively low temperature of the combustion of condensation products allows you to equip the smoke system for them with plastic pipes. It allows you to save a little that it can not but rejoice

Is it worth gaining a "condensing"?

Condensing are wall and outdoor. The power of the first, depending on the model, can be up to 120 kW, second - up to 320 and more kW. If you need to increase the power of installations, you can link the boilers in the cascade.

Depending on the purpose, the single-circuit and dual-circuit condensation boilers distinguish. Single-mounted - exclusively to solve the issue of heating; Two-integted is heating + DHW.

Cascade connection of condensation boilers allows you to easily organize a compact, easy-to-use boiler room, capable of demonstrating in the transitional colossal savings

Until now, in doubt, is it worth getting a condensation boiler and impose great hopes on it? An objective view on the advantages and disadvantages of this equipment will help you make the right choice.

Condensation boilers have characteristics that are superior to even the most stringent requirements for heating aggregates with certification authorities. They are recommended for installation in reserved and resort areas. The number of harmful emissions from condensation boilers is less than gas 5-8 times

The main advantages of aggregates include:

• Maximum compactness. A condensing capacity of up to 120 kW can always be found in the wall design. Traditional boilers of the same capacity are usually extremely outdoor, therefore, occupy a lot more place;
• Low weight;
• High efficiency;
• Deep modulation;
• Saving funds for the smoke arrangement;
• Environmental friendliness - minimum of harmful emissions into the environment;
• Reduced vibration;
• Low noise. A competently thought-out design of the aggregates allows you to almost completely eliminate the noise effects. Operation of boilers of this type inside the residential premises does not cause any discomfort;
• And the main thing, a significant reduction in gas costs - from 10% to 35%, depending on the "source conditions".

Of the minuses of equipment it is worth noting:

• Very high cost. The condensing will cost 40-120% more expensive than a regular boiler;
• Ineffectiveness with strong frost. When on the street, the stroke of the water, the temperature of the water in the heating system is unambiguously increased. If the return water temperature exceeds 60 degrees, the condensation boiler will not be able to perform its miracle function and go into the normal boiler with the efficiency of about 85%.

Practice shows that, despite all the nuances, condensation boilers - the right choice of thoughtful owners who value competent savings and thirsting to bring the maximum thermal comfort to their home. Please note that you can enjoy the true effective system on the basis of the condensation boiler you can only if you trust in the selection and installation of equipment to competent professionals.

Those who at least once came across the need for a qualitative and effectively to warm the country house or cottage, stop their choice on such equipment as a condensing boiler. This is the most popular device, which is characterized by high efficiency. Due to this, as well as a large number of other positive performance, the equipment is optimally suitable for a large number of varied rooms.

Features of the condensation boiler

A similar boiler does not always fully use its energy that is produced in the process of fuel production. Some part of it, which is called warmth, goes together with water vapor, which can be contained in the products from evaporation. But it is precisely this warmly used for high-quality heating of water, which is located in the boiler, as the resulting couple has a property condense. This process can only be carried out due to the fact that the combustion products are cooling to some specific temperature having a dew point name, it is usually 55 degrees.

This boiler works in such a way that all products of combustion inside it are cooled under the influence of water, water in turn returns from the overall heating system. It is for this reason that the temperature of the water in the system of central heating, serviced by the boiler, should be slightly lower when comparing it with traditional boilers.

Saving from the use of this device when compared with the traditional device is approximately 11%. At the same time, the cost of a gas condensation boiler from time to time is slightly reduced, and the price of gas, as a rule, remains stable. Because the costs that are associated with the purchase are quickly compensated rather quickly.

Many users of this high-quality equipment allocate the ideal value ratio and a large number of useful effects of boilers, as well as sufficiently long service life. In addition, attracts the presence of minimum costs of maintenance of boilers, there are completely minor amounts.

Based on the presence of a large number of positive qualities, it can be quite fair to attribute to the perfect equipment that the heating of a country house will make it convenient, comfortable and simple.. Equipment of such a plan is able to give a large number of warm minutes during the cold season.

Describing the features of such devices, it can be noted that the gas condensation boiler is operated for efficient heating of the room. It uses thermal energy in this process, which is released during the combustion of fuel, as well as the heat of water vapor. Such a principle of operation can be possible due to the condensation of some combustion products on the interior walls.

Modern condensation dual-circuit and single-circuit boilers are able to provide the opportunity to use the energy of the fuel used as efficiently as possible, while the consumer costs are reduced to heating. Currently, thanks to effective engineering developments, it has been possible to collect such energy, because in all modern boilers of the heating of a condensation type, such an energy is much more than that of ordinary.

It is worth noting that the wall type boiler is able to work at sufficiently low temperatures, in contrast to the traditional, and it can provide high gas savings at about 20% and thus reduce the cost of all heating as a whole. It is thanks to this that can buy a simple water heater, and then connect it to the heating device without any additional heating costs and hot water supply. As for the material from which the boiler is produced, this is necessarily the basis, which is distinguished by corrosion resistance.

The principle of operation of the boiler

The most important difference between such an outdoor condensation boiler, from other devices, is the presence of a special heat exchange capacity intended for a significant increase in area, where a variety of combustion products are cooled in some way to a temperature that does not exceed 40 degrees. For this reason, water vapor contained in smoke, after a while goes into a special liquid state, gradually freeing the heat energy.

The condensation process is carried out strictly in the heat exchanger, which is manufactured from the damage resistant to the corrosion of the metal. To obtain a full effect of condensation, it is worth achieving a decrease in temperature to such an extent that water vapors from flue gas began to turn into a liquid. Therefore, it can be judged that the principle of operation of the condensation boiler is the most efficient as possible.

High condensation boiler efficiency

Describing this device, some such advantages such as environmental friendliness, efficiency, high performance indicators, which are based on the principle of operation of the condensation boiler can be distinguished. It is the savings that is one of the main positive qualities, which is especially important in the condition of constantly growing gas prices.

If there is a need to increase the power of the boiler room, it is possible to combine several boilers at once in a specific cascade. This is especially in demand for the root devices, as well as in boiler rooms where certain performance is required. Wall and floor condensation boiler have, as they say reviews, advantageous reduced noise characteristics, which are particularly highlighted when compared with conventional boilers. There are shortcomings of condensation boilers - these are their relatively high cost.

Thus, in the process of acquiring such a design, the buyer makes a choice in favor of efficiency, modern innovation, the possibilities of long-term use, as well as in protecting the environmental purity.

Condensation boilers of heating is an innovative development that is successfully applied in EU countries. Due to the increased efficiency, the device saves on heating, which is very relevant in our time. In this article, I will tell about his device and features.

Condensation boilers

Operating principle

Condensation gas boilers are a type of heating equipment designed to heat the heating system and plumbing water (in the case of a two-circuit version).

As with ordinary boilers, there is:

• gas combustion chamber;
• heat exchangers;
• expansion tank;
• coaxial chimney;
• control automation;
• circulation pump.

However, there are significant differences.

The principle of operation of the device is based on the fact that when the heat of burned fuel is recovered, the steam condensation formed from water in natural gas occurs. As a result, the vaporization energy hidden in these pairs is not thrown through the chimney into the street, but goes to the additional heated heat carrier.

As you know, the temperature of the dew point is necessary for water condensation. In the conditions of the gas boiler, it is 57 ° C. Therefore, to operate the system, you need to cool the heat exchanger or part of the dew point temperature below.

To do this, the temperature of the reverse supply of the coolant must be at the level of 40 - 50 ° C or below. It means that the condensation boiler will work productively only with a low-temperature high-efficient heating system. It can be a "warm floor" or panel heating.

Another condition for the efficient operation of the device is availability of special heat exchanger that can sufficiently cool fuel combustion products. At first, these products pass through the most remote part of the heat exchanger, their pre-cooling occurs, then they again pass through the coolest and close part of the economize and are cooled below 57 ° C.

Water pairs, which are contained in combustion products, are condensed on the walls of the heat exchanger and give thermal energy released during condensation. This, at first glance, a minor amount of heat can increase the efficiency of the boiler by 9 - 11% compared with the usual convection device.

So, in front of us a boiler that gets an additional heat due to the desolation of gas combustion products. As a result on the walls of the heat exchanger, steam is condensed, and the released energy goes to heating the coolant.

Device

In general, the device of the condensate unit resembles the design of an ordinary gas boiler.

To implement the principle described above, it is necessary to have such nodes:

• A special heat exchanger made of corrosion-resistant material (copper or silumin), which is divided into two sections. In one of the sections, the main heating of the coolant occurs, then combustion products are sent to the additional section with the coldest water, where water steam condenses and gives its energy;
• The closed combustion chamber with coaxial chimney makes it possible to more accurately control the process of movement of gas combustion products and the saturation of the mixture of oxygen;
• The pumping fan in front of the heat exchanger with a variable number of revolutions makes it possible to maintain the optimal ratio of air / gas natural;
• Chimney from ceramics or heat-resistant plastic. Here it is possible to use plastic, since the smoke temperature does not exceed 70 ° C;
• Pump to remove flue gases with electronic power control. It optimizes the device operation, reduces the noise and helps customize the optimal mode;
• Condensate removal system. Located on the walls of the heat exchanger, the water is displayed in the sewer.

In the photo - plastic coaxial chimney.

For the most productive and comfortable operation of the device, it is necessary to have a low-temperature heating system, for example, "

You can adjust the device with your own hands, but it is better to call a specialist.

Among the advantages of using condensate aggregates, such features are usually distinguished:

1. The most efficient use of thermal fuel combustion energy;
2. Maximum high efficiency from all known heating boilers;
3. Simple instructional instructions for the device;
4. Significant savings on energy resources;
5. Reliable and durable work.

It is important to understand that this is not innovation at the development stage. Devices are successfully used in many European countries.And their residents have not been asked for a long time what it is. In some of the countries, for example, in the UK, only condensing boilers sell, since the government takes care of savings and general well-being of citizens.

The only minus is the high price of the device, however quickly pays off due to gas savingwhich in European countries is very expensive. Given the fact that the problem of the high cost of energy resources is gradually becoming relevant to all, citizens of Russia should also look at this technology.

Output

We reviewed a condensation boiler and disassembled the principle of its work. This unit allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and significant savings on heating. More information you can learn from the video in this article, and ask your questions in the comments.

The condensation boiler is actively used in all European countries. That this is a practical and reliable device, no one doubts. Europeans are simply enthusiastic - these are environmentally friendly equipment and significant energy savings. The first country, which began to use the condensation boiler, became Holland. In the US, the use of such devices makes it possible to obtain preferential terms of taxation. In recent years, the technology of their production has become much cheaper, which allows them to pay attention to them an increasing number of people. However, these aggregates are twice as much as possible, which is quite justified.

A condensation boiler works on a completely simple principle. Creating such devices has become possible only after a corrosion-resistant light stainless steel alloy appeared. This is due to the fact that in the process of the formation of water condensate, cast iron and steel corrosion occurred. Now you can talk about how the gas condensation boiler works. Water enters the unit, heating there due to the combustion of the gas. After that, it leaves from the boiler to the heating system where its cooling occurs. Next, water turns out to be in the boiler. When the gas burns, not only heat is formed, but also the various products of this process in the form of chemical compounds. The combustion of hydrocarbon fuel leads to the formation of water, and nitrogen. The first component turns into steam under the influence of high temperatures. The incomplete combustion of fuel leads to the formation of carbon monoxide and soot. These hot gases give their energy to the coolant, passing through the heat exchanger of the boiler, while heating water. Chilled gases go into the atmosphere through the chimney. It goes along with smoke.

The condensation boiler is equipped with a secondary heat exchanger with a special design, which allows water to condense on the surface, in which the temperature is less than 50 so that the steam has seen, the coolant reverse line of the heating system is used. Warm gas, which was not used in the process of heating the water in the main heat exchanger, turns out to be in the second, where the fluid flows after cooling. The pairs are condensed, giving part of the energy, which allows you to warm water. The resulting condensate on an additional drainage tube goes into the sewer.

Gas condensation work the more efficiently, the lower the temperature of the water entering the device. Optimal for such devices is the temperature of 30-40 degrees Celsius. In the radiator system, the temperature is usually 60-70 degrees, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of such equipment, but it still remains high enough. The optimal operation of the condensation boiler is possible in the case when the difference in the temperature of the forward and reverse line is at the level of 20 degrees, not more.