Biology project on the topic of corn. Corn cultivation technology

Corn, along with beans and squash, was considered one of the Three Sisters born of Mother Earth. The concept of the Three Sisters was the basis of the traditional diet of the Iroquois Indians. The Iroquois still plant white corn, from which they prepare traditional bread, corn soup and porridge. Currently, in Mexico there are thousands of varieties of corn, among which there are not only the familiar white and yellow, but also blue, red and even black.

The chemical composition of corn almost completely satisfies human nutritional needs. Modern research has shown that this cereal contains the most important vitamins such as A, B, C, E, folacin (B9), niacin (B3), thiamine (B1). Maize contains a large amount of potassium, magnesium and even gold.

1. Corn grain has rich nutritional and taste qualities: it contains 5-8% sugars, starch, 3-4% protein, about 1% fat. 2. Vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, mineral salts Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Na, P, Cl, S and other elements make it a valuable product that is nutritionally superior to green peas, beans and other vegetables.

3. Corn grains heal the gastrointestinal tract. Also useful for constipation. 4. Glutamic acid, which is contained in corn, improves memory and metabolic processes in the brain. 5. Corn grain extract contains pectins, which have antitumor activity.

6. Corn starch is necessary for nourishing nerve cells, so people who suffer from diseases of the nervous system should especially include corn in their diet. 7. Starch is also necessary for the formation of muscle fibers, so those who want to increase their muscle mass and gain body weight should also “lean on” corn.

8. Young milk corn cleanses the body of accumulated waste and toxins. 9. Corn is recommended in the diet for liver disease, gout, nephritis, and epilepsy. 10. Corn supplies our body with a large amount of vitamins and microelements, so it is recommended both for a growing body and for everyone else who cares about their health.

It is interesting that wild ancestors have never been found for corn - it seems that it has always been cultivated. And this is not the most surprising thing about corn - its biggest mystery is that this plant is not able to grow without humans! It cannot reproduce by self-sowing and go wild - a ripe ear of corn grains, if it is not removed by human hands, will simply fall to the ground and rot without producing “offspring.” Researchers of paranormal phenomena claim that these mysterious properties of maize can only be explained by its alien origin - this cereal was once given to people by creatures who descended from heaven, whom earthlings considered gods.

The average Mexican consumes 400 pounds (more than 90 kg) of corn per year. For comparison, in the United States, where 40% of the world's corn crop is grown, its average annual per capita consumption is 160 pounds, in India - only 15. The number of rows of kernels on each ear of corn is always even. Typically, an ear of corn has from 8 to 22 rows, and up to 1000 kernels.

After 6 hours of storage at room temperature, a freshly harvested ear of corn loses up to 40% of its sugar, which turns into starch. Just 1 bushel of corn is enough to sweeten 400 cans of Coca-Cola. In terms of sown area, corn is in second place in the world, second only to wheat. Corn is grown on every continent except Antarctica. Corn is widely used not only in cooking: it is used to make fuel alcohol, glue and paste, plaster, industrial water filters and even plastic. In addition, corn is the main ingredient in dry animal feed.

“Cell structure” - Computer science category I. Cell structure. Core. What new did you learn in the lesson? Cell. The skin was removed from the onion - thin, colorless. Olga Anatolyevna Simonova. The microscope was installed, Biology teacher. Shell. Vacuole. Shell, cytoplasm, nucleus. Put the skin on. With nuclei inside, Beneath it is cytoplasm. How did you prepare the onion skin preparation?

“The cell and its structure” - Transmission of excitation in the electrical synapse. Signal transmission at an excitatory chemical synapse. PP – resting potential. Origin of serrated and smooth tetanus. Action potential. B-change in membrane permeability for sodium and potassium ions. The mechanism of muscle contraction. 1 – actin filament, 2 – binding center, 3 – myosin filament, 4 – myosin head, 5 – sarcomere Z-disc.

“Cytoplasm” - The site of formation of the Golgi apparatus. One of the characteristic features of the cytoplasm is constant movement (cyclosis). EPS functions. The cytoplasm has an alkaline reaction. Endoplasmic reticulum. The chemical composition of the cytoplasm is varied. Functions of hyaloplasm. Glycolysis and the synthesis of fatty acids, nucleotides and other substances occur in the cytosol.

“Structure of the plasma membrane” - Transport of substances. Substances. Active transport scheme. The structure of an animal cell. Phagocytosis. Protein molecules. Cell connection. Plasma membrane. Lipids. Membrane structure. Transport through a memran. Cell. Transport system. Functions of the plasma membrane. Updating knowledge. The structure of the cell plasma membrane.

“Cell structure and its functions” - Subunits. A cell is an elementary integral system. Cilia (numerous cytoplasmic projections on the membrane). Myofibrils (thin filaments up to 1 cm long). Pseudopodia (amoeboid protrusions of the cytoplasm). Cellular center. Chloroplasts. Basic principles of cell theory. Cell types. Functions of the cell plasma membrane: Barrier.

“Structure of a cell, grade 6” - Topic: Structure of a cell. 2. Carbohydrates. Light brown. Transparent. White stuff. 3. Fats. - Storage and transfer of inheritance. Family signs. - Energy and water reserves in the body. Perform the experiment with sunflower seeds yourself. How did the water in the glass change after adding iodine? Organic substances of the cell.

There are a total of 14 presentations in the topic

Corn is one of the main crops
modern world agriculture. This
culture of versatility and
high yield. For food in
countries around the world use about 20% of grain
corn, for technical purposes - 15-20% and
approximately two thirds are for feed.

Cultural history

Corn is the oldest cultivated plant,
its homeland is Central and South America, zone
tropics and subtropics. This is evidenced by
archaeological finds of pollen, panicles, grains and
cobs of primitive forms of corn, as well as
genetic and cytoembryological results
research. Even in the pre-Columbian era, corn
was the main food crop
Aboriginal people living in these areas.
The origin of corn (species Zea mays L.) is still
not deciphered by phylogenetic systematics.

Ear and general view of a corn plant

The use of herbicides and fungicides in various phases of the corn growing season

Botanical description.

Corn is an annual plant of the family
Bluegrass. Monoecious, dioecious,
cross-pollinating. Not in the wild
found.
The root system is powerful, fibrous, multi-tiered,
highly branched, capable of soils with loose
by adding subsurface horizons to penetrate
depth up to 3 m. Distributed over a radius of more than 1 m.
Anatomical feature of the root structure
corn systems - the presence of air cavities,
indicating increased sensitivity
roots to the presence of oxygen.
Up to 60% of them are located in the arable soil layer.

Corn inflorescences

1- male
2 - female

Botanical description

The corn grain germinates with one embryonic root. Nodal roots
appear on the underground nodes of the stem when 3-4 are formed on the plant
leaves.
The stalk of corn is from 2 to 7 cm thick, well leafy, erect,
round, smooth. Plant height ranges from 60 cm to 6 m. Stem
consists of pith-filled internodes separated
thickened stem nodes; 3-5 close internodes are located in
soil. Each node encloses the leaf sheath. Number of nodes and
therefore, leaves are a stable varietal trait.
Corn leaves are large, linear, entire, parallel-nervous,
pubescent on top, arranged in alternating order in two
opposite sides of the stem. The leaf sheaths fit tightly
stem. Their number ranges from 8 to 45. The varieties common in our country
From 13 to 24 leaves are formed. Early ripening varieties have fewer leaves,
than late ripening ones. Plants with narrow leaves extending under a pointed
at an angle to the stem, they are more productive, since they shade each other a little. Thanks to
gutter-shaped and obliquely vertical arrangement of plant leaves
use even slight precipitation and dew flowing down the leaves and
stem to roots.

Structure of the corn plant

1- panicle;
2 - sheet;
3 - stigmas.
4 - cob, spikelet
5 - leaf wrapper
cob,
6 - lower
undeveloped cob
7 - small roots.
8 - aerial roots,
9 - root system,

Biological features

Temperature requirements. Corn -
heat-loving plant. Seeds
germinate at a temperature of 8-10 ° C,
Shoots appear at 10-12 °C.
The most favorable temperature for
plant growth 25-30 °C, which is higher than
cereal grain crops.
The maximum temperature at which
growth stops, 45-47 °C.

Ears of various subspecies of corn

1 - tooth-like,
2 - siliceous,
3 - starchy

Moisture requirements

Based on water requirements
the culture belongs to mesophytes. Corn
Tolerates drought relatively well
phases of exit into the tube. Lack of moisture
10 days before sweeping and 20 days later
days after sweeping (critical
period) sharply reduces the yield. IN
the critical period when pollen is formed and
seed formation begins.

Light requirements

. Corn is a light-loving plant
short day. Blooms fastest when
8-9 hour day. With duration
days over 12-14 hours growing season
lengthens. Corn requires intensive
sunlight, especially in
at a young age. Excessive thickening
crops, their contamination leads to
reduction in cob yield.

Soil requirements

Corn produces high yields on clean,
loose, breathable soils with
deep humus layer, provided
nutrients and moisture, with pH
5,5-7.
High yields of corn for silage at
good agricultural technology can be obtained from
soddy-podzolic, drained peat-bog soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone.

Power Requirements

The absorption of basic nutrients follows a single-peak curve and
corresponds to the progress of dry matter accumulation.
Nitrogen is especially important in the early stages of plant growth. At
its deficiency retards the growth and development of plants. Maximum
nitrogen supply is observed for 2-3 weeks before sweeping.
Nitrogen consumption by plants stops after milk production begins.
grain ripeness.
Phosphorus is especially necessary at the beginning of plant growth, when
future inflorescences (4-6 leaf phase). Its deficiency at this time leads to
underdevelopment of cobs, irregular rows of grains are formed.
Sufficient supply of plants with phosphorus stimulates development
root system, increases drought resistance, accelerates the formation
cobs and harvest ripening.
With a lack of potassium, the movement of carbohydrates slows down and decreases
synthetic activity of leaves, the root system is weakened and
the resistance of corn to lodging decreases. Potassium starts intense
enter the plant from the first days of emergence. Back to top
Plants absorb up to 90% potassium soon after sweeping
flowering, its entry into the plant stops (more precisely,
stabilizes). From the time of milky ripeness of the grain, the potassium content in
plant tissues is reduced as a result of leaching of this element by precipitation
and exosmosis through the root system into the soil.

The most important phases in the development of corn are as follows:

1) panicle formation, which occurs at
early-ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening varieties
respectively in the phase of the 4-7th leaf, 5-8th and 7-11th
leaf; 2) the formation of the cob, which occurs at
of the indicated varieties, respectively, in the 7-11th leaf phase,
8-12th and 11-16th sheets. 10 days before sweeping
and 20 days after the end of flowering of the plant
accumulate up to 75% of organic mass.
To form a high grain yield, sowing
corn should form leaf surface
about 40-50 thousand m2/ha, for green mass - 60-70
thousand m2/ha and more.

Place in crop rotation.

In field crop rotations, corn is placed after
winter cereals, grain legumes, as well as after
potatoes.
In the Non-Chernozem Zone, many farms grow
corn in the hatching fields of crop rotations, so
called permanent areas, obtaining stable
yields of green mass by year.
The ability of this crop to withstand monoculture
due to the large mass of organic residues,
annually remaining in the field, small accumulation
in soil infection of bubbly smut, sharp
reduction of weediness in repeated crops due to
inter-row processing, use
herbicides.

Basic parameters for corn cultivation

Optim agrochem. har. soil
Fertilizers, kg dv per ha
Culture
Corn
pH
Humus,%
R/C
mg/kg
N
in the spring
P
in autumn
K
in autumn
5,8-7
1,8
>150
90-120 .
60-80 .
90-120 .
Sowing time
Norm
seeding,
million
Depth
seed placement
April 20-30
0,08-0,1
5-7

Fertilizer

Corn absorbs many nutrients. To create 1
kg of grain with the appropriate amount of leaf stem
mass, it consumes an average of 2.4-3 kg of nitrogen, 1-1.2
phosphorus and 2.5-3 kg of potassium. With a grain yield of 50-60 c/ha
or green mass 500-600 c/ha this crop absorbs from
soils approximately 150-180 kg N, 60-70 ?205 and 160-190 kg K2O;
More than half of all nutrients are absorbed from
soil in the second half of the growing season. Fertilizer system
corn includes the main fertilizer that is applied
in autumn or spring before sowing, pre-sowing (local) and
fertilizing during the growing season.
The main fertilizer is intended to increase the level
plant nutrition throughout the growing season. IN
Depending on soil fertility, it is recommended to apply 20-
40 t/ha or more of manure and composts; in areas of insufficient
moisture content - better than 15-20 t/ha not for corn, but for
previous culture.

Tillage

Methods and depth of basic tillage for corn
differentiated taking into account the predecessor, soil
differences, thickness of the humus horizon, weediness of the field.
Since autumn, in the areas used for corn, most
cases, peeling and deep autumn processing are carried out. On
In soils free of weeds, peeling may not be necessary. By
recommendations of the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn, autumn tillage on
weedy lands involves peeling the stubble twice
(the first is small, the second, after the weeds grow, is more
deep). This is followed by autumn plowing with plows with
skimmers. The most complete stubble weeds can be
destroy by peeling to a depth of 6-10 cm, followed by
processing of plowed land to 28-30 cm. In this case, about 80% die
weeds, the number of their seeds in the soil is reduced by 50%, and
corn yield increases by 3-3.3 c/ha of grain
compared to plowing plowed land to the same depth without peeling
stubble.

Sowing.

Sowing dates. Considering spring weather conditions and warming up
soils, choose such an early date for sowing corn, when
in which shoots quickly appear, and subsequent phases
take place at the most favorable temperature
mode. Corn sowing usually begins when
warming the soil at the seeding depth to 10-12 °C. On
fertile, well fertilized,
In unclogged areas, you can sow a little earlier (if
8-10 °C), using more cold-resistant varieties and hybrids.
Seeds should be sown in ripe, well-treated
soil. On weed-free and light, fast
warming soils, sowing of corn begins in
first of all, on clogged and slowly warming up
soils - later.

Sowing depth

In the area where corn is grown for grain
its seeds are planted at 8-10 cm, and when
drying of the top layer _ by 12 cm.
Non-chernozem zone, especially in heavy
soils, the seed sowing depth is reduced
up to 4-6 cm. They must be placed in a damp,
sufficiently compacted soil layer.

Sowing

Sowing methods. Corn for grain and silage is sown
dotted and wide-row methods.
For dotted sowings, the distance between plants
in a row depends on the density of their standing (13-43 cm),
row spacing in areas of sufficient
moisture (with average annual precipitation
500-600 mm) 70 cm, and in areas of unstable
humidification it can increase up to 100 cm
In the Non-Chernozem Zone for silage and green fodder
corn is often sown in wide rows with
row spacing 60 and 70 cm

Seeding rates.

When growing corn for green fodder, the density
plant standing should be 120-200 thousand/ha. On
green food, especially when placing corn
stubble, mow or fallow, seeds
sown with conventional grain seeders at a density
plants up to 300-500 thousand/ha.
In the Non-Chernozem Zone, corn for silage with cobs in
milky-waxy ripeness is cultivated when thick
up to 80-120 thousand, when harvesting before the specified phase
it is advisable to have 200 thousand/ha and even 300 thousand/ha
plants. In the latter case, a strong
lodging of crops in wind and rainy weather.
Corn for grain is sown at a rate of 10 to 25 kg/ha,
for silage and green fodder - from 30 to 100 kg/ha.

Crop care

If necessary, the field is rolled after sowing.
To destroy the crust that forms and destroy germinating
weeds are harrowed on the 4-5th day after sowing. Teeth
harrows should be immersed in the soil 1-2 cm shallower than the sowing depth
corn seeds. They usually harrow across the direction of sowing. If
After the emergence of seedlings, a crust forms on the field and is destroyed
rotary hoes.
In the initial period, corn grows slowly, so it creates
the threat of being drowned out by fast-growing weeds. To combat
They harrow the crops and seedlings in the formation phase 3-6
leaves, when most sensitive to mechanical
damage, the growing point is still in the soil and is tightly protected
folded leaves. Harrowing allows you to destroy 75-
80% of weed germination. To avoid damage to corn when
harrowing, it is necessary to carefully carry out pre-sowing
soil treatment. During the initial stages of corn plant development
often die from being pulled out by harrow teeth. When
2-3 leaves, most plants die from covering them with soil.
When processing crops in the 5-6 leaf phase, the harrow cannot
pull out the plants or cover them with soil.

Pests and diseases

Pests and diseases of corn cause
significant crop losses. From the big
variety of pests special damage to crops
applied by cotton bollworm, winter bollworm, stem
(corn) borer, wireworms,
false wireworms, Swedish fly, mole cricket,
root and leaf aphids; from diseases -
bladder smut, fusarium, molding of seeds.
The high level of agricultural technology allows successful
fight pests and diseases, increases
resistance of corn to them. It is also necessary
use special chemicals and
biological methods.

Harvest

Corn for grain is harvested at the beginning of its full ripeness and
finished in 10-12 days. To eliminate the danger
crop shortage due to extended harvesting periods, as well as
to be able to maneuver them is advisable
sow a number of corn hybrids that differ from each other
the duration of the growing season, the timing of ripening.
In this case, each hybrid can be harvested in the best
agrotechnical terms - within 10-12 days with general
The duration of cleaning on the farm is 25-30 days.
Threshed corn grain during the last harvesting method
either preserved with a moisture content of 30% or more, or after
finishing and drying are stored. Seed
corn stored on the cob or in the grain: moisture content of the cobs
should be no more than 16%, and grain - no more than 13%.

Tale of Corn

People have composed a huge number of fairy tales about plants of the Cereals family. I would like to tell you one of them - about corn.

One day a guest knocked on the hut of the poor peasant Ivan and asked to stay for the night. It was the Moldavian Ion. Ivan, like a hospitable host, put everything he could on the table. I made scrambled eggs with the last eggs and put on a jug of milk. He killed the pig and gave it to the guest for the journey, and also for the journey, since the nights became cold and the road was long, he gave him sheep’s wool mittens. As he was leaving, the guest said: “You are a good man, Ivan, you are the son of a great people. Although I am not rich, I want to reward you so that you do not forget me and your people remember you.”

He took out five grains and said that the first grain was for milk, so that Ivan would not lose it. Having planted grain, milk will grow from it in the fall. The second grain for scrambled eggs - in the fall it will “cluck” like chickens and geese. The third grain for a pig will make a herd of pigs in the spring. He hands over the fourth grain and says: “I didn’t ask you for woolen mittens, you yourself understood that in the fall it would be bad for me without mittens. Let this fourth grain grow into sheep and turn into wool.” The last fifth grain is the most important - “memorable”. Give everything that grows out of it to people, then people will be grateful to you, and maybe they will remember me. Ivan asked: “What are these magic grains called?” Jonah replied: “We call them “daddy,” but I don’t know what you would call them.”

A little time passed and the Russian fields turned green with papusha. I became daddy's cow feed - the milk became thick and tasty. Pigs, geese, chickens, and sheep eat it, and the people themselves feast on it. They wrote a fairy tale about Ivan, about how he raised him as an almighty father in Rus', and they didn’t forget about Jonah, they remember him with a good word. The almighty hero Papusha went far, he stepped into all lands. Only in our time no one calls him “daddy”, but they call him white wheat - “corn”.

"A little bit of history..."

As a cultivated plant, corn began to be cultivated almost 12 thousand years ago in Mexico. The ears of ancient corn were 12 times smaller than modern ones. The length of the fetus did not exceed 4 centimeters. Many Indian tribes ate corn long before the advent of the United States on the American mainland. Images of corn have been found on the walls of Indian temples. Some tribes sacrificed bread made from cornmeal to the Sun God to ensure a good harvest.

Corn became widely known among European countries thanks to Christopher Columbus. In the 15th century, corn grains came to Europe; in Russia, acquaintance with the useful vegetable occurred in the 17th century. It was grown in warm areas - Crimea, the Caucasus, and southern Ukraine.

In the beginning, corn was grown as an ornamental plant, but later, Europeans appreciated the taste of corn and its beneficial properties.

In Mexico today, corn is grown in a variety of colors: yellow, white, red, black and even blue. The crop is planted together with pumpkin, as the Indians did. Pumpkin retains moisture in the ground and prevents weeds from growing, thereby increasing the corn yield. Mexicans, like their ancestors, consume huge amounts of corn. Thus, the average resident of Mexico eats almost 100 kg of this vegetable per year. For comparison, in our country this figure barely reaches 10 kg per year.

Corn

Family Cereals (Poaceae), genus Corn, including six species. However, in culture the genus is represented by a single species Zea mays , cultivated throughout the world on an industrial scale and is an important food, feed and industrial crop.

Corn- a tall annual herbaceous plant, reaching a height of 3 m (in exceptional cases - up to 6 m or more), with a well-developed root system. Aerial support roots may form at the lower nodes of the stem.

The stem is erect, up to 7 cm in diameter, without a cavity inside.

The leaves are large, linear-lanceolate, up to 10 cm wide and 1 m long, with a sheath covering the stem.

Spikelets with staminate and pistillate flowers are collected in various inflorescences or in separate parts of one inflorescence. Staminate flowers are collected in two spikelets, one of them is almost sessile, the other is pedunculated, the spikelets are collected in an apical panicle. Spikelets with pistillate flowers sit in rows of 6-16 flowers on a thick, fleshy axis of the spadix, emerging in the middle part of the stem from the axils of the leaves. The stigma is long, thread-like, bilobed at the end. During flowering, the stigmas of all spikelets hang in the form of a bunch of vaginal leaves surrounding the ear.

The fruit is a grain.

How is corn grown?

Since the main areas where corn is grown on an industrial scale are in the south of the country, many Russians have the impression that this herbaceous crop grows well only in warm climates. However, a temperate climate is quite suitable for its cultivation, as long as the soil is slightly acidic and well fertilized.

The land for planting corn needs to be prepared in the fall, especially if you are interested in growing early corn. A place on the site is selected so that it is well protected from cold winds, the soil is dug up and phosphorus and organic fertilizers are immediately applied to it. For soil with high acidity, additional lime will be required.

You can grow corn in the countryside next to cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkins, beans and beans. The most successful would be a neighborhood with a pumpkin, whose extensive leaves protect the corn roots from weeds and overheating, as well as with beans, which saturate the soil with nitrogen, and for beans, corn will serve well as a convenient support for weaving. It is not recommended to plant corn next to celery or beets.

Uses of corn

Direct consumption

Processing industry

Sweet corn

In addition to grain maize, approximately 1 million hectares of sweet corn (var.saccharata) are grown worldwide for human consumption. This type of corn is produced at just under 9 million tons, which is a relatively low figure, representing only 0.006% of the total grain and feed corn worldwide.

Starch for industry

Sweet corn

Feed

Approximately two-thirds of the world's corn production is grown to feed livestock and poultry. In most cases, corn is harvested after the grain used for livestock feed has fully matured. In some countries, yields average almost 10 t/ha. Both grain and feed corn are among the highest energy sources for feeding livestock, providing more fat than wheat and barley but containing less protein than cereal grains.

Corn grain is high in starch, which is broken down more slowly in the cattle rumen and is therefore widely used as a major energy source in cattle feed. As a result of the relatively slow passage of corn through the animal's body, digestion takes longer and a larger portion of the crop - compared to other feed sources such as wheat and barley - is used.

Bird

Chickens require a large portion of high-energy feed in their diet, and thus grain corn - with a metabolic energy rating of 15 MJ/kg DM - is widely used. The high level of starch in corn is easily digestible by poultry, tastes good and is free of anti-nutritional factors. Corn also provides xanthophylls, which improve yolk color, and linoleic acid, which increases egg size. This helps improve the quality and grade of eggs.

Pigs

Corn is also a key grain source for pig feed, both as grain and as a silage mix, as it is high in digestible energy (DE) and low in protein.

Direct consumption

Corn remains a staple food source in many parts of the world. Worldwide, about 116 million tons of maize are used for human consumption, of which 30% comes from Africa and 21% from sub-Saharan Africa. Corn makes up 15-20% of the total daily calorie intake in more than 20 developing countries.

Processing industry

As a major source of starch, edible oils and gluten, corn is used in cooking and in a variety of refined and processed foods. Corn provides 90% of the US starch needs. Typical foods derived from corn include corn flakes, hominy and grits, as well as popcorn, which is a grain of certain varieties that explodes when heated.

Sweet corn

Starch for industry

Corn is widely used as a source of starch in the pharmaceutical, paper, mining and construction industries. This starch is usually obtained after a refining process, and also produces corn germ, fiber and protein. Products are varied and include biodegradable plastic bags, recycled paper, corrugated cardboard, detergents, paints, diapers, cosmetics, adhesives, surfactants and agrochemicals.

“Living and inanimate nature” - Crane, Tulip. Tree, Car, Why? Squirrel, Living - clap your hands. The Earth is the chosen one of the solar system on which life exists. Objects of nature do not include only those things made by human hands. Sun, moon, stars. Human Animals Plants Mushrooms. Decreases destroys increases dissolves blurs.

“Trees in winter” - The needles are long and grow in twos, as if glued together. Large, long cones hang at the ends of the branches. Authors: 3rd grade students. In winter, you can find fruits on linden branches. Maple. Birch. Linden. And this is what we learned... © Municipal Educational Institution Sanatorium Boarding School No. 6, Yaroslavl. Pine branches cover the top of the trunk with a cap. Pine.

“Plant propagation” - Vegetative propagation. Animals, people. Seed dispersal. Plant structure. Animals. One seed. Stem. Lots of seeds. Plant propagation. Fruit, seed. Propagation by seeds. Birds. Root. The more seeds are formed, the... More new plants can appear. Wind. Sheet.

“Inanimate nature” - Inanimate Living. There is a palace on the pole, there is a singer in the palace. Physical education minute. Living and inanimate nature. Game "Living and Inanimate". The crawler crawls, the needles are lucky. What is nature? Natural phenomena. In the forest, a flatbread grew on one leg. He breathes, grows, but cannot walk. Live nature. Winter. Basic signs of living nature.

“Winter Forest” - A lesson to familiarize yourself with the outside world. Tongue Twisters. Smoke in a column means frost. Eyes of embers. Rowan. Frost will come to me, touch my hand, touch my nose. Didactic games. I have longer needles than a Christmas tree. All around, with deep melancholy, Gray clouds float to a distant land. Hands are bitches. Footprints in the forest. Open everything, don’t hide it: you can see that we are our own!