How to make a ceiling extractor in a dressing room. Ventilation in the dressing room: project development, work technique and expert advice

The correct organization of air exchange in the bathhouse is a serious task that requires a professional approach. It is not enough to build a bathhouse, complete interior decoration, install heating equipment and furniture. It is important to ensure effective ventilation of the bath rooms, to form a favorable microclimate that allows you to enjoy water procedures and contributes to a long service life of the decoration, as well as the entire structure.

Bath ventilation is a guarantee of comfort

Relaxation in the sauna will be a pleasure if it is easy and comfortable to breathe in the room.

In a steam room, the air temperature is very high, so if there is no ventilation in it, you can suffocate or get heatstroke.

If the correct air exchange is disturbed or if there is no ventilation at all, it will be difficult to breathe in the steam room and it will be impossible to stay for a long time.

The ventilation system allows to create a comfortable microclimate, which ensures the supply of oxygen-saturated air and the removal of "spent" air masses.

The traditional layout of the bath complex provides for a dressing room, a washing compartment, as well as a relaxation room, and everywhere it is important to ensure effective air circulation.

Favorable microclimate in the relaxation room will allow you to relax after visiting the steam room

The increased concentration of moisture does not give pleasure both during water procedures and during rest. The human body is sensitive to a lack of oxygen and high humidity.

The conclusion is unambiguous: in the bath, you need to make good ventilation so that it is pleasant and comfortable not only to bathe, but also to relax in it.

Disruption of air circulation or lack of ventilation causes:

Types and principles of ventilation arrangement

For any type of bath (Russian, Finnish sauna, Turkish hamam) ventilation is provided, which can be carried out in different ways.

Natural air exchange

The principle of the formation of convection air flows is based on the temperature and air pressure drop from the street side and inside the bathhouse.

The temperature difference promotes the movement of air currents

Maximum air exchange efficiency is achieved due to the correct location of the supply and exhaust ventilation lines.

The traditional arrangement of air ducts is used to ventilate the premises of the Russian bath and sauna. The supply air duct is located at a distance of 0.2–0.3 meters from the floor, and the exhaust pipe is located at the same distance from the ceiling. Control dampers in the room should be provided to optimize air flow and provide a comfortable temperature regime.

The damper allows you to regulate the flow of air into the room

Natural ventilation should provide air exchange, keeping the room temperature and not creating discomfort during rest. The advantages of natural air exchange are simplicity and low costs associated with the absence of the need to purchase expensive equipment.

Combined option

The method of organizing the movement of air masses in a room using a fan that circulates is called combined. At the same time, there is no regularity in the location of the ventilation ducts.

The ventilation scheme is determined individually and provides for the installation of an outlet and a duct equipped with a fan, which is mounted on the supply line or exhaust duct and creates the required pressure drop.

Providing air exchange in the premises of the bath using the combined method is convenient and economically justified.

Forced circulation

The forced air exchange system is also called mechanical. The system is equipped with automation elements that control the temperature regime, regulate humidity and the intensity of circulation of air masses.

Forced ventilation ensures maximum comfort.

The increased costs associated with the purchase and installation of equipment, as well as the complexity of maintenance, limit the use of a mechanical air exchange system in small bath rooms.

For rooms with an increased area, forced circulation is used if natural or combined air exchange is not effective.

If the bath rooms are large, forced ventilation must be installed in them.

The following types of mechanical ventilation are used:

Exhaust, equipped with a filter element and a fan. This type of ventilation ensures effective removal of unpleasant odors and polluted air masses from rooms with swimming pools, washing rooms and recreation areas. The use of an exhaust system requires the supply of fresh air necessary to compensate for the vacuum generated by the fan.
Supply air, which supplies oxygen-rich air. Air masses saturated with vapors, due to the increased pressure, leave the room through the ventilation ducts, as well as through the existing gaps in doors and windows. Combining the supply line with a heating device allows fresh heated air to be supplied. The design of the supply air exchange is more complex.
Supply and exhaust, combining the principle of supply and exhaust ventilation. Using this ventilation principle in a sauna room requires preliminary calculations. The circulation rate is determined based on the fact that the volume of the incoming air must correspond to the volume of the displaced one. In order to prevent the penetration of air from the bathroom into the recreation area, the ratio is deliberately violated. This makes it possible to form a reduced pressure in the toilet room and direct additional flows into it.

Air exchange organization principles

When planning a ventilation device, be guided by the following recommendations:

It is important to correctly calculate the area of the ventilation ducts. The section of the vent and the air duct is determined by the size of the steam room, for each cubic meter of volume of which it is necessary to provide 24 cm 2 of the area of the ventilation duct.

For a comfortable stay in a heated steam room, provide the possibility of more than five times the air exchange (the air in the steam room must be renewed 5 times per hour). The layout of the supply duct and exhaust duct, as well as their number, should facilitate easy circulation of the masses in the steam room.

Effective air exchange will increase the service life of wooden floors. To ensure it, you must:

The correct ventilation device will allow you to fully enjoy the steam room and get great pleasure from the sauna relaxation.

Video: ventilation in the bath

How to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands

The organization of air circulation in each room has individual characteristics.

Dressing room ventilation

The tambour room or dressing room is used as a changing room. The compartment is located away from areas with high humidity and temperature.

The ventilated changing room will always be dry and comfortable

The use of the front door promotes the flow of fresh air and reliable ventilation of the changing room.

The location of a ventilation grill with a valve in the upper part of the wall will ensure natural air exchange and control the volume of incoming air masses.

When constructing a building, a ventilation hole must be provided. If there is no air channel, then you must make it yourself:

Air exchange in the washroom

The washing compartment, in which the shower is installed, is ventilated due to the natural circulation of air flows moving from rooms with high humidity to ventilation vents or small vents.

The easiest way to ventilate the washroom is by using a window.

To improve ventilation efficiency and reduce humidity, it is advisable to equip the shower room with an exhaust fan.

Install the fan according to the following algorithm:

For ventilation of the washing room, use fans with an operating voltage of 220 volts, with a low power - 20–100 W.

When purchasing a fan, pay attention to the possibility of the device operating at high temperature and humidity, as well as the degree of protection, which should not be lower than IP44.

Organization of air circulation in the steam room

For ventilation of the steam room, make 2–3 ducts intended for air exchange. One line will provide fresh air, and the rest will allow the exhaust air masses to leave the room without hindrance.

The increased size of the exhaust duct allows for faster ventilation of the steam room

Place the channels according to one of the proposed ventilation schemes.

The intensity of air exchange depends on the location and size ratio of the supply and exhaust ducts.

Making holes during the construction phase will preserve the integrity of the finishing materials and facilitate work.

The area of the inlet line must correspond to the size of the outlet duct. However, a more efficient convection flow can be achieved by making a slight increase in the diameter of the suction line.

A prerequisite is the installation of adjustable valves that allow you to change the intensity of air exchange.

In a wooden bath, it is better to make the valve from the same wood that was used for interior decoration

Implementation of measures for the arrangement of canals is not difficult:

Video: ventilation in the steam room

Creating a microclimate in the recreation room

Comfortable temperature conditions and optimal air circulation in the relaxation room are achieved through natural air exchange.

Air duct in the upper part of the wall ensures sufficient fresh air flow

It is important to provide an air duct equipped with an adjustable damper or vent valve. This will, if necessary, increase the intensity of the movement of air masses.

To organize the access of fresh air, instead of a ventilation duct, you can use a window

Drilling a hole and installing the valve is easy.

Video: making a ventilation valve

Variants and layouts of ventilation ducts

In the bath, you can use different options for the location of ventilation communications, providing for natural air circulation and the use of a fan.

Different variants of the ventilation device differ in the location of the channels, but provide high efficiency of air exchange

One of the proposed schemes of natural air exchange, which provides for the following options for the placement of ventilation ducts, will ensure a comfortable adoption of bath procedures:

To achieve a favorable temperature regime and comfortable humidity, air exchange schemes provide for the installation of a fan:

Remember that the determination of the performance of the fan unit is made by multiplying the volume of the steam room by the coefficient of air exchange.

For example, to determine the required air exchange in a steam room with an area of 10 m 2 and a height of 2 meters, it is necessary to multiply the volume by the air exchange coefficient equal to 5 (we have already said above that the air in the steam room must be completely renewed 5 times per hour). The obtained value of the fan performance is 10 x 2x 5 = 100 m 3 / h.

Heated air ventilation

Air exchange with simultaneous heating of the incoming air is carried out in the bath in different ways. They involve the use of a fan or natural air exchange. For example, by placing certain air channels in the immediate vicinity of a hot furnace, it is possible to simultaneously inflow oxygen-saturated air and increase its temperature due to the heated surface of the heating unit.

In order to create a favorable temperature regime, comfortable humidity and smooth heating of the incoming air masses, it is necessary to use plugs or slide dampers located on the air lines. Ventilation while simultaneously heating the air is a rather difficult task.

Each heating unit has its own individual "character". Only as a result of experiments, it is possible to select the optimal air exchange mode and ensure a comfortable temperature in the bath room.

To increase the temperature of the incoming air masses, you can use an electric heater that heats the air entering the room. This is another option for air ventilation with simultaneous heating.

The air entering through the ventilation ducts can be preheated by an air heater

The power of the electric heater is selected experimentally.

The electrical equipment used in the premises of the bath must withstand high temperatures and humidity, be reliably grounded and have a protection class of at least IP44.

Combining air ventilation with heating allows you to create comfortable conditions for vacationers, as well as reduce the costs associated with heating a room using heating equipment.

Acquaintance with the principles of organizing the correct air circulation in the steam room, as well as the rest of the rooms of the sauna and bath, will allow you to independently organize the process of effective air exchange. It is important to correctly calculate the dimensions of the air lines and to optimally place the inlets of the channels in the premises. Remember that the design of the heating device and the chimney additionally affects the degree of air circulation. By following the recommendations, you can avoid mistakes and enjoy the wellness procedures in the sauna with a comfortable microclimate.

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Correctly installed ventilation will ensure the comfort and safety of the bath visitors.

Regardless of the type of bath, ventilation is established according to general rules and engineering requirements for bath rooms. Read about the bath ventilation device and its nuances below.

Ventilation ensures the comfort and safety of visitors

One person emits up to 18 liters of carbon dioxide per hour. Without ventilation in a small, crowded steam room, the concentration of carbon dioxide reaches life-threatening levels in a short time. Through ventilation, carbon dioxide is removed from the room and oxygen is supplied.

Ventilation is needed for the bath to work

According to the laws of physics, firewood in the firebox will burn only when oxygen is supplied. The oxygen supply system is installed separately from all ventilation.

Proper ventilation will extend the life of the room

Moisture, concentrated after the work of the bath, negatively affects the structure, provoking fungus and mold. Ventilation will prevent moisture build-up.

Ventilation rates

Air exchange in steam rooms and saunas is calculated according to several standards.

According to building codes, the hood for public buildings is calculated on the basis of a frequency of 1 time per hour. For dry heat baths, a frequency rate of at least 5 times per hour is recommended.

You can control the standard indicators only when using forced ventilation. Natural air exchange depends on natural factors. Ventilation in the dressing room is carried out on the basis of the same air exchange rates, but the minimum amount of air for one person is also applied - 30 m 3 / h.

The ventilation scheme in the bath takes into account the direction of supply and removal of flows and complies with the following principles:

Fresh air is supplied close to the firebox; it is preferable to make the floor ventilation in the bathhouse to supply oxygen to the furnace;
Air distribution devices (grilles and diffusers) for organizing air exchange are made of wood, which does not emit harmful substances when heated;
During installation, a standby hood will be organized, which will operate continuously in the periods between using the steam room.

Types of ventilation

Bath ventilation is divided into two groups:

natural ventilation, operating under the influence of natural factors without the use of electrical equipment;

Ventilation is needed in all rooms, the rules for its installation are spelled out in SNiP 41-01-2003. But they concern only residential, public and industrial premises, in which conditions favorable for a person are created. At the same time, it is taken into account that people stay in such premises for a long period of time and for all it is necessary to create the same standard indicators of microclimate and air quality.

Baths have completely different tasks, they create a stressful microclimate for the body - high temperatures (in Russian baths up to + 60 ° C, in saunas more than + 100 ° C) and high humidity (up to 90%). Moreover, in one room, the temperature and humidity indicators should vary within wide limits, depending on the wishes of the washable. Changes in microclimate parameters should be made as soon as possible, and the achieved values should be maintained for a relatively long period of time. And another very important difference between a bath and ordinary premises. If, secondly, people have the opportunity to "protect themselves" from temporary inconveniences by clothing, then in the baths it is impossible to do this.

Steam room microclimate illustration - high temperature and hot steam

Based on these features, the ventilation of the baths must fulfill individual tasks, and this affects the principles of its design and the peculiarities of its functioning. Ventilation in the bath can be natural and forced, each type has its own characteristics, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will talk in detail about only one type of ventilation - natural.

We have already found out the tasks of ventilation of the bath and how it differs from the ventilation of other rooms, now it is time to tell how they can be achieved. The methods depend on the architectural features of the room and your preferences.

First, you need to remember the physics lessons from school. Ventilation of the premises occurs due to the difference in air density outside and indoors. Heated air has less weight and rises up, cold air is heavier and falls down, so-called convection occurs. Accordingly, in order for the room to be ventilated, hot air must be able to leave, and cold air must come in and out. These can be ordinary cracks in windows and doors or specially made ventilation holes.

On the Internet you can find statements that these holes must necessarily have the same dimensions, otherwise the ventilation does not work or "blows in the wrong direction." Only those who skipped lessons can say this. The ratio of the sizes of the inlet and outlet of air does not affect the performance of ventilation in any way.

Square ventilation window

If the outlet, for example, can release only 1 m3 of warm air per hour, then exactly the same amount will enter the cold room, whatever the size of the inlet, and vice versa. And the effect of reverse thrust is obtained in the case of wind back pressure or in the complete absence of fresh air supply. In the first case, a strong external wind "drives" the air into the room, in the second case, after the air is released in the room, a small vacuum is formed, which draws the air back into the room. This is not to say that ventilation is completely absent, it just becomes cyclical and works according to the "back and forth" principle. Of course, the efficiency of such ventilation approaches zero, the air moves a little only near the holes.

And with these phenomena it is clear, now we will consider specific types of natural ventilation in the bath. Let's start with the easiest ones and end up with the more complex ones.

The simplest, but also the least efficient ventilation method.

In the steam room, a door opens or a door and a window open at the same time - ventilation is fast, but not as we would like. Why?

Steam is removed from the bath, and this has negative consequences.

Firstly, if you open the door, then the steam does not go out into the street, but into other rooms. Humidity rises sharply in them, heated steam immediately condenses on all surfaces. There is no need to explain what may happen next.
Secondly. Lowering the temperature in the steam room is only a subjective phenomenon. There are two concepts of temperature - actual and perceived. The actual temperature is a physical indicator, the perceived one is subjective. We feel the same actual temperature differently depending on the surrounding factors. High humidity "raises" the temperature we feel, strong wind lowers it. So, due to simple ventilation, only excess steam can be removed, and the actual air temperature returns to its previous values within a few minutes.
Thirdly, ventilation will never be able to establish stable indicators of the indoor climate. As soon as the doors are closed, the temperature and humidity rises sharply, as soon as the doors are opened, the humidity and temperature also drop sharply.

The bottom line is that ventilation is not a ventilation method that should be used all the time. This is an extreme method, it is recommended to resort to it only in case of urgent need.

This method can be considered more successful, but it is possible only in one case - the firebox of the sauna stove is located in the steam room. Warm air is removed through the firebox and chimney; it can be supplied through the floor cracks, a slightly open window or door. Sometimes a special hole is made in the lower part of the door leaf; to improve the design, it is closed with a decorative grill.

The advantages of ventilating a bath with a stove.

Ease of execution. There is no need to make special vents in the log house. Any additional hole in a wooden wall does not improve its performance, to say the least. If mistakes were made during the period of blowing and installing decorative grilles, then the risks of moisture getting on the crowns of the log house increase. The moisture will dry out for a very long time, and the prolonged stay of wooden structures in a wet state has an extremely negative effect on their strength and durability of use.
Possibility to regulate the frequency of air exchange in the room. Ventilation is "controlled" by a gate and stove doors. It is necessary to speed it up - the gate and the firebox door open all the way, the temperature has become favorable - the gate closes a little. You can easily find the optimal position of the gate, the microclimate indicators in the steam room are stabilized, the ventilation rate of the room has stable values.
Gate stove - photo
Versatility of application. It does not matter what materials the bathhouse is built from, what size and architectural features it has. In addition, this system allows easy upgrades. For example, it is worth making an inlet behind the stove and the air entering the bath will be slightly warmed up. The chimney still serves as the hood.

There are, of course, disadvantages, let's name the main ones.

Insufficient performance. You cannot quickly change the temperature or humidity in the steam room.
The presence of "dead" zones. Air mixing throughout the entire volume does not occur, zones with drafts and zones with standing air appear.
Dependence of draft (ventilation) on weather conditions.

Despite some disadvantages, this method of ventilation in combination with ordinary ventilation is very often used in "budget" versions of baths.

For a budget steam room, the best option is oven ventilation and airing

Airing the bath with a stove - diagram

The best ventilation device for most baths.

Advantages:

Important. It is advisable to think over the ventilation device even before starting the construction of the bath. Solve issues with specific hole placement and dimensions. We advise you to make the height of the air vents no more than the height of the timber, and adjust the flattening of the holes with the length.

Bath fan prices

bath fan

Why is it better to provide ventilation during the construction phase?

Firstly, it is much more difficult to make holes in an already finished structure, purely physically.
Drilling a hole in a log house is a laborious process
Secondly, there are risks that the hole will fall on the dowel, especially for the upper outlet duct. It is located in close proximity to the rafter system's Mauerlat, and they are fixed more often than ordinary crowns and only metal rods or pieces of construction reinforcement are used as dowels.
Thirdly, if you make a hole with a metal crown, then an expensive tool will fail after "meeting" the dowel. And the chisel or chisel will not always be possible to "reanimate" after attempts to cut through the metal.
Fourthly, it is almost impossible to cut a metal nail in this place. You can't get close with a grinder, a hacksaw for metal as well, and you won't want an enemy to cut with a file. We'll have to hammer the air in another place. And who needs an extra hole in the wall of the bath or an increase in its size? Moreover, if you have already made holes in the outer and inner lining for its "planned" dimensions and bought ventilation grilles. A "meeting" with a metal nail is a very unpleasant situation from all points of view.

Variants of placement and sizes of ventilation ducts

There are some general rules for all types of natural ventilation. First, in order to improve the efficiency of the system, the cold air supply holes should be located at the bottom of about 20 centimeters from the floor level. Exit openings should be located at the maximum height - under the ceiling or on the ceiling. Second, the mixing of different layers of air in the volume of the steam room is improved if the inlet and outlet openings are located at the maximum distance from each other, preferably along the diagonal of the room. Where are they recommended to be installed?

It can be done at the bottom of the door leaf of the steam room.

Advantages - there is no need to make an extra hole in the wall of the bath. This saves time and effort, in addition, the likelihood of the lower rims of the log house getting wet is excluded. Disadvantage - in most cases, the doors are located opposite the shelves for taking bath procedures, cold air flows appear, creating a number of inconveniences.

Under the shelf.

Advantages - the inlet is invisible, cold air flows well with warm air throughout the volume. Disadvantage - access to the lattice for opening / closing the damper becomes more difficult. If during washing it is possible to adjust the ventilation intensity only with the help of the upper grill, then after airing the baths, both must be closed. And this means that after a while you will have to visit the steam room specifically to close the air.

Important. Dampers on the ventilation openings must be installed in two for each - outside and inside the steam room. After airing the baths, both should be closed. Choose a grille installation technology that guarantees the complete tightness of the external dampers. It is strictly forbidden to get atmospheric moisture on the crowns of the log house.

Behind the stove.

Inlet behind the stove - diagram

The most optimal option. Cold air from the street will hit the stove, warmed up a little and break into several separate streams with a low speed of movement. Drafts are completely eliminated. Disadvantages - it is not always possible to install decorative grilles in this place. If the stove is close to the wall, the high temperature will negatively affect the plastic or wood materials of the decorative grill. In addition, according to safety regulations, such places behind the stove must be insulated with sheet metal using thermal insulation.

Not a single option for your particular case? No problem, make a hole wherever you want.

As for the outlet, there are fewer problems with its placement. Our only advice is don't do it in the ceiling. Waterlogged air should not be taken out to the attic, it will cause constant moisture in the wooden elements of the truss system, and its premature repair always "costs a pretty penny." To protect the rafters, humid air will have to be removed to the roof. Why make an additional hole in the coating, why do it yourself and for your own money worsen the tightness of the roof covering?

Sizes of openings for natural ventilation

The technology for calculating the size of the ventilation openings is specified in the current regulations. Determining the size of air vents for natural ventilation is much more difficult than for forced ventilation - there are too many factors beyond the control of people. The main parameter of the ventilation system performance is the frequency of air changes. For residential premises, the minimum value of the multiplicity is regulated, while taking into account both the temperature in the rooms and the temperature outside. The temperature in the living quarters fluctuates within insignificant limits, this simplifies the work of designers.

In steam rooms, the situation is much more complicated - the temperature and humidity indicators vary over a very wide range. In addition, the speed of air intake / intake in different situations may differ significantly. These preconditions make it nearly impossible to accurately calculate the optimum air exchange rate for natural ventilation.

Some bath owners are afraid of suffocation during bath procedures due to lack of oxygen. We bring to their attention that one cubic meter of air is enough for one person to breathe for an hour and a half. Calculate the cubic capacity of the steam room and find out how long you can safely bathe, the count goes for tens of hours.

Carbon monoxide can cause problems. If you have closed the stove gate before the wood has completely burned out, then no ventilation will help. She can ventilate the room only if no more carbon monoxide is supplied. Heat the stove correctly and never get burned, do not rely in vain for ventilation.

How to make a ventilation hole in the wall of a bath

For example, we will take the most difficult option - the external and internal cladding of the walls of the bath has already been done. The hole can be round, square or rectangular.

Step 1. Make a marking of the location of the vent on the inner lining of the steam room. Before starting work, you should not only know the location of the hole, but also its dimensions and configuration. It is desirable that air ducts and decorative grilles are available, this will make it possible to accurately control the size of the hole and not do unnecessary work.

Step 2. Prepare a long drill for wood, the working length should exceed the thickness of the bath wall together with the outer and inner cladding. In the center of the drawn vent contour, drill a through hole from the inside of the steam room. The drill exit from the outside of the steam room will be the center of airflow. Draw around it the dimensions of the hole, similar to that made in the steam room.

Step 3. Remove the internal and external cladding in the outline. If your bath is lined with natural clapboard on both sides, then the process is simplified, just carefully cut the boards. If metal sheets were used on the outside, use a grinder.

Step 4. Carefully inspect the supporting structures of the cladding, if they are damaged, repair it. Drill through holes along the contour of the ventilation duct as close to each other as possible, constantly check where they come out from the outside of the wall. The drill must be perpendicular to the plane at all times. Drill the same holes over the entire area of the air vent, the more there are, the easier it is to make a hole in the wall.

Video - How to drill a large diameter hole in wood

Step 5... Next, you need to work with a chisel and a chisel, gradually remove the wooden bridges between the holes. It will not be possible to completely poke a hole on one side of the wall - it is too difficult to reach with a tool. Do half of the work from the inside of the steam room and the other half from the outside. It is not necessary to carefully align the surfaces of the holes, the main thing is that the air duct can easily fit into the channel.

The most difficult physical work has been done, you can start installing the air duct and grilles. Do not be discouraged if it takes a long time to punch holes, even experienced builders can rarely prepare more than two vents per day.

How to install air ducts and grilles

For air ducts, you can take galvanized metal or plastic pipes, the length is determined by the length of the passage. Select the grille according to the size of the opening; to adjust the ventilation efficiency, it must have dampers.

Duct prices

duct

Step 1... Insulate the holes with mineral wool, carefully insert the air duct into place. In order to firmly fix the pipe in the desired position, use polyurethane foam. The excess foam that has emerged should be cut off after hardening.

Step 2. If there is waterproofing between the sheathing and the wall, foam the gap between the wall and the opening in the sheathing with foam, it seals the cut and prevents water from entering the wooden structures.

Step 3. Fasten the gratings, the method of fastening depends on the material of manufacture of the wall cladding and lathing.

We fix the ventilation grilles. In the photo - the lattice on the outside of the bath

Mineral wool prices

mineral wool

Check the ventilation with a smoldering head or other source of smoke. Bring it to the inlet and observe how and at what speed the air flows in the steam room.

In the photo, the air intake valve and its performance check

Experiment with natural ventilation at a variety of damper positions, from maximum to minimum.

Video - Installing the KPV 125 valve

Video - Ventilation in a bath with an air-conditioner Termofor

There are many reasons for the formation of condensate in the bath, the main ones are:

Air vent device diagram

All these factors negatively affect the level of condensation, forming moisture on the walls, ceiling and floor, which can adversely affect the quality and strength of the materials from which the vaults of the bath are erected.

Condensation formation diagram in the dressing room

To avoid side effects from exposure to condensation on the surface, you should know what to do to save the room. Special tools, equipment, or just proper care of the bath space will help with this.

Condensation is not just innocent moisture on surfaces. Due to this phenomenon, there may be:

All these moments are extremely unpleasant for those who have erected a wonderful structure for a pleasant pastime in their private sector.

Thermal insulation scheme for various rooms in the bath

Nevertheless, do not sound the alarm, if you think in detail about the methods of dealing with the "disease" of a room with high humidity, then everything will work out and you can forget about this problem forever.

A steam room is never a stand-alone element in a bath system; it is necessarily combined with several functional rooms. Just as the dressing room is an obligatory structure for the bath complex, all the conditions of comfort must also be observed in it. Ventilation in the dressing room is designed to provide this room with an inflow of clean, oxygen-enriched air. A constant flow of air in the dressing room is also necessary for effective drying of household items.

Several systems are suitable for ventilation of the dressing room: mechanical (forced), natural and combined. Forced mechanical ventilation consists in installing a fan in the room, which will pump clean air into the room.

The natural ventilation method is to ventilate the room through open windows. It is advisable to open both windows and doors in the room at the same time.

The combined ventilation system consists in installing a forced system for injecting clean air and exhausting exhaust air through the toilet or washing room.

Bath ventilation does not end only in the dressing room and steam room, it must be installed in the washing room as well. Air circulation and condensate drainage will help prevent the accumulation of moisture in the bath wash.

The ventilation of the washing compartment has certain nuances. In addition to clean fresh air that enters through the ventilation openings, it is necessary to provide an outlet in the floor. A specialized exhaust opening between the rough and final floor versions is supplied with a fan, and the exhaust pipe is led out to the roof of the washing compartment of the bath complex.

Thanks to this ventilation scheme, the greatest comfort for rest and washing procedures is achieved in the washing room.

No matter what type of bath complex is chosen for construction, a high-quality installation of an air ventilation system is what is really important. In a foam block bath, a log house or a frame steam room, it is necessary to install only a combined or mechanical type of ventilation, since natural ventilation does not guarantee the safety and durability of the structure.

The combined type is also suitable for those couples that are located directly in the house, and not in a separate room. There are several typical schemes for organizing the inflow and outflow of air, depending on the type of steam room.

Combined type of ventilation - the ideal choice for steam rooms located directly in the house

Most often, bath lovers choose for their steam rooms the Swedish type of construction, called bastu. In such convection steam rooms, clean air is taken from the street, and it is also discharged outside. The exhaust duct is installed under the oven or next to it, and a damper is installed on the duct itself.

The box is installed at least thirty centimeters from the floor, and a pipe is led up the wall, which goes into a through hole just below the ceiling. A valve with a damper is also installed on the ventilation hole.
Air intake equipment is installed on the wall opposite to the furnace. It is best to choose an air intake box made of wood.

Bastu-type ventilation of the steam room is performed according to the following scheme:

Cool clean air from the street circulates along the stove from the intake box, heats up and rises.
As the oven heats up, warm air masses near the ceiling begin to gradually press on the cold air at the bottom of the room and gradually warm up the walls of the steam room.
Hot air masses press on the cold air and gradually, the increasing pressure forces hot air out into the vents.

The popularity of this type of baths is high due to the comfortable conditions inside the steam room. And the undoubted plus is the ability to install bastu at home, in any convenient place. There are even apartments equipped with baths according to this principle.

The principle that must be followed if you started building a bath is to ensure air circulation and the absence of its stagnation. Supply and exhaust ventilation system is the most suitable option for a frame bath. It will allow clean air to move freely throughout all the rooms of the bath complex, and will effectively remove polluted air outside.

Supply and exhaust ventilation is ideal for frame baths

Two air ducts are required for the system to function properly. Through the first channel, clean air enters the steam room, and the second ensures effective removal of heated air. The first channel must be located almost flush with the floor, when the second is placed under the ceiling itself. This difference in hole pattern provides effective traction. It is not necessary to install small openings, this will allow you to control the movement of air masses.

The main scheme for constructing ventilation for a frame room includes: channels for pipes, pipes from a furnace, dampers, doors, through holes.
In a frame wooden bath, the principle of a supply and exhaust system is relevant only in the case when at least one wall has a connection with the street.

Since ancient times, a proper Russian bathhouse was built from a wooden frame. Logs were used only from the winter log, since all its pores were sealed with resins and the movement of juices stopped. Such baths served for several decades, even with the use of natural ventilation in the form of through ventilation.

Modern log baths can last more than one hundred years, and it is not at all necessary to choose a certain type of log house, thanks to the correct ventilation system.

Bath procedures are not only one of the good ways to maintain hygiene, but also the ability to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins from the body. However, for a visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is necessary to exclude the possibility of mold and mildew formation due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bath, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will allow you to ensure the flow of fresh air into the room and remove exhaust gases and vapors resulting from the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.

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Do you really need ventilation in the bath or can you do without it?

The functions of sauna ventilation are complicated by the fact that it should facilitate a fairly quick removal of humid air from the premises and qualitatively regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for baths equipped with gas and solid fuel - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an impressive volume of air is required. Failure to ventilate will result in an excessive concentration of carbon dioxide, which is harmful to human health and can lead to loss of consciousness.

Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully insulate the premises, sealing up the smallest gaps in order to increase the heating rate of the steam room and keep it warm for a longer time. However, this is not the right approach, as ventilation holes are required. Competently arranged allows:

create a healthy microclimate in the bath;
reduce the concentration of moisture and quickly dry the premises;
get rid of carbon dioxide;
quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odor;
get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
keep the interior decoration of the premises in their original form.

From the above, it becomes clear how important the device is in the bath of the exhaust system. Before making ventilation in the bath, you must first learn about its types and basic installation schemes.

Effective ventilation in the bath - scheme and device

Before you further deal with the exhaust system and start arranging it, you should know that ventilation is natural and forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their schemes depending on the location. Well, now about everything in order.

Natural ventilation

This option is optimal for most baths, since it is the cheapest and most effective. The location of the ventilation holes must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the stove and shelves, as well as the material from which the bath is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in the baths, there is one general rule - the inlet opening should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust outlet at the same distance, but from the ceiling.

The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. In case of too fast air exchange, which will cause a decrease in the temperature in the steam room, the ventilation openings must be covered with special regulating dampers. To improve the appearance, it is advisable to mount decorative grilles on vents, which can be easily bought in specialized stores or made by hand.

However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlet and outlet) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air flows are heated from the oven and rise upward, while the cooled air flows downward and fall into the exhaust vents. To preserve heat in the room, the openings can be closed with special shutters.

Forced ventilation

Mechanical movement of air is carried out by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly renew the air, which is very important, especially in the washroom. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where it is installed in the bath.The forced exhaust scheme in the bath has a number of advantages over the natural one:

there is the possibility of filtering incoming air masses;
maintaining a given microclimate;
even distribution of heated air.

For large volumes of fresh air to enter the steam room, it is necessary that the ventilation holes are located diametrically to each other. When installing, do not place the inlet and outlet vents at the same level in order to exclude the closure of air flows, which will cause the concentration of cooled air at the bottom, and on the contrary it will be very hot at the top.

Important! Since high humidity and high temperature are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, the fan case must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full compliance with the PUE.

The advantage of forced ventilation is the accelerated air exchange and advanced control parameters. Such an exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.

Floor ventilation device in saunas

Bath floors are used in extreme conditions. The effect of moisture on the floor is carried out both from the bottom from the side of the soil and from above. The most difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with the wooden floor covering, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensation penetrates into and creates a favorable environment for the development of mold and mildew.

An effective floor ventilation system allows you to prevent the damaging effects of mold and remove excess steam. Ventilation of the floor can be carried out naturally or forcedly. However, for efficiency, when constructing a ventilation system, it is necessary to adhere to the following conditions:

prevent the floor from cooling during the adoption of procedures;
ensure fast and efficient drying, but it is important not to overdo it in order to prevent cracking of the wood;
the arrangement of the ventilation system must be performed even at the construction stage.

When locating ventilation vents, it is necessary to take into account the climate, wind conditions, landscape, sources of pollution, as well as internal factors - the type and location of the heater, the design of doorways, the presence of vents. Most often, ventilation vents are located at 3 different levels:

under flooring or in;
under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from floor level (best done behind the heater).

Ventilation under the floors in saunas has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensation and improving the drying quality of the flooring, the air flow from below does not form drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used during the bathing procedures. For greater efficiency, it is important to correctly create a drainage system to remove wastewater outside the building.

Creation of air exchange in the basement of the bath

The creation of an exhaust system in the bath is extremely necessary, since it not only allows you to prevent the formation of mold, but also to protect the building from being damaged by rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of ventilation in baths largely depends on the prevailing winds, relief and the presence of reservoirs, which often cause flooding of buildings.

You can ensure normal air circulation by arranging several holes, the number and dimensions of which are calculated in accordance with the dimensions of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. In the event that a building is located in a lowland, densely surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be arranged on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.

Ventilation system in saunas in steam rooms

Traditionally, a stove is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures good circulation. To obtain the maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the ventilation process of the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or the front door. The disadvantage of such a ventilation scheme in the steam rooms of the baths is that when there is no combustion process, the air circulation stops.

In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bathing procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is also a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

When the furnace is fired and the room is heated, the ventilation in the steam room must be closed. After the steam room has completely warmed up, the exhaust flaps can be opened. In order to exclude the formation of reverse thrust, it is necessary at the stage to make sure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.

In the event that the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Nearby at a height of 300 mm. an inlet opening is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is arranged at a distance of 300 mm on the wall opposite to it. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street heats up from the stove and the room cools down moderately. On the wall opposite from the heating device, 2 holes are made, which will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, saves fuel.

Air exchange device in the washing room

In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and mildew. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in the washing baths. In the washing room, a large amount of moisture accumulates under the floor, therefore, to drain it, it will be enough to lay an asbestos pipe, one end of which is under the floor covering, and the other is led out to the roof and equipped with a deflector.

Creation of effective controlled ventilation in bath sinks will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air supply, carbon monoxide removal and fuel economy.

Ventilation scheme in dressing rooms

The proximity of the dressing room to the steam room leads to the fact that condensation settles on the wooden surfaces of the sheathing. To preserve the cladding and prevent decay processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts must be excluded. The simplest ventilation scheme for a dressing room is to remove humid air through a washing or. It is best to organize a forced-type ventilation system for this room.

How to properly ventilate the bath

Having more or less dealt with the ventilation system in the bath, you also need to take into account other important points. The hood must not:

cause a violation of the temperature regime in the premises;
allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
remove fresh air from the room.

The principles by which the correct ventilation of the premises is created in the bath depends on the architectural features of the structure of the building. In the event that special slots for water drain are provided in the floors, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.

Often, small windows are made, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the heater's firebox is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for a ventilation system.

Features of air exchange in frame baths

If air is circulated in or through the rows of lower rims, then in frame-type buildings sheathed with a large amount of heat-insulating material, there is no natural ventilation and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.

The most effective system for a bath is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to inflow fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is located at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. Ventilation openings in frame baths should be equipped with special control valves.

When designing a ventilation system, the size and shape of the steam room and the location of the heater must be taken into account.

Chopped sauna ventilation

In the Russian bathhouse, where steam was traditionally prepared by hand, forced air circulation schemes are not suitable. In order for natural ventilation in wooden baths to promote healing, the following schemes should be adhered to when creating it:

to provide the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, door and ventilation openings);
the upper borders of doors and windows should be at the same level;
for small steam rooms, simple ventilation is enough;
a stove with a chimney is a natural extraction of exhaust air and gases;
for normal air exchange, you can equip a ventilation inlet with a damper and an exhaust outlet under the ceiling next to the heater.

The device of good ventilation in the bathhouse from the log house is a very important point, since it is necessary to exclude the accumulation of excess moisture, which negatively affects the wooden structure and can cause the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.

Ventilation system in a brick building

You should think about arranging ventilation in brick baths even at the construction stage. Since the presence of natural air circulation is not provided for in a brick building, the number and location of openings should be taken into account in advance.

The air exchange system in a natural way is identical to the one that is arranged in the Russian bath - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bath is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.

The fan must be installed at the inlet of the master exhaust duct on. To speed up the air circulation, several exhaust pipes are installed, but it may be necessary to install supply valves so that the air masses are not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of the supply and extract air. A too powerful fan can lead to the same problem, and a device that does not correspond to the area of the room in terms of power will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be rather weak.

Ventilation Bastu

Recently, new and more efficient solutions have been found to create ventilation systems. Such novelties include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bathhouse. This system is very popular among Russians due to its ease of installation and high efficiency.

The ventilation principle according to Bast is as follows. The hot stove acts as a heat pump and draws in air from the supply duct. Cold streams, passing through, very quickly heat up and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-field air through the exhaust duct. In the ventilation system Bastu supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.

For the device of such ventilation, two stainless pipes are required - the lower one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both exits must be equipped with louvred grilles. However, like all natural ventilation systems, Bastu can only work when the oven is running or when there is a strong wind outside.

The main advantage of the Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which can be done independently, thereby saving your money.

Competent ventilation device in the bath

Normal ventilation can only be provided if the conditions for the inflow of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air are created in the room. Despite common concepts - ventilation is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The principles of ventilation for any premises are practically the same - fresh air enters through the inlet and is discharged through the exhaust.

When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Normative acts establish the frequency of air exchange within an hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account the climatic zones and weather conditions typical for the given area. In the event that natural ventilation is not able to provide the required air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.

Where to place the window in the bath?

The windows in the bath are not only a source of light, but also a way of ventilation. There is a misconception that the window in the steam room adversely affects the safety of the steam in the room and the temperature. However, experienced bath attendants are advised to make even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turns out to be too hot or someone feels unwell, then just open the window and everything will be in order. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to dry the loungers quite quickly. It is made small and opaque.

Important! According to safety precautions, bath windows must open inward.

It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window must be such that an average-sized adult can crawl through it. Some bathhouse owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If in the washing room, then yes. However, in the steam room, where the temperature reaches a hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to emit toxic substances and warp. It is best to use non-resinous wood for windows to the steam room. You can easily do the installation of a window in a bathhouse with your own hands, since the technology is no different from its installation in a residential building.

A grate made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and a metal mesh will prevent insects and pets from entering the room. A corrugated hose or galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing plastic pipes in the steam room, since they are not designed for operation at high temperatures.
It is advisable to install the fan only on one, for example, on the supply air. The fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.
A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will more clearly show the process (a bladeless version is presented):
Vent valves
The ventilation valve for the bath is mounted in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two types of this device - KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (forced ventilation valve). Outwardly, they practically do not differ from each other, and the principle of their work is the same. The outer part of the damper is equipped with inclined louvers to exclude the ingress of water from the outside, and the inner part is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and thermal insulation.

When installing valves, several recommendations should be followed:
for bath ventilation, it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
installation must be carried out on the bearing walls of the bath;
it is not advisable to mount the valves on the walls overlooking the trash can or.

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