What materials for the roof exist. Types of roofing, their features and characteristics

In individual construction, various types of roofs are used, and the choice is determined by various factors, including:

• decorative qualities and compliance with the chosen style of construction;
• smart house solution (including the geometric shape of the box, the presence of internal load-bearing walls, etc.);
• climatic features of the construction region;
• the level of complexity of installation;
• load on wall structures and foundation;
• the use of certain roofing materials;
• the possibility of insulating the structure, etc.

Main types of roofs

According to the design of the roof can be divided into two types:

• Attic roofs - with an overlap at the level of the upper part of the walls, which separates the space under the roof from the rooms located below. This is a classic option for cold climates, as the ceiling can be insulated to reduce heat loss at home. In addition, the space under the roof is suitable for use as an additional utility room or turning it into a living space (this requires insulating the roof system).
• Non-attic (combined) roofs - there is no additional ceiling covering, the ceiling of the lower floor is the roof structure itself, flat or pitched. It is more suitable for warm climates, as in harsh climates it is more difficult to prevent heat loss through such a roof.

attic roof

If we consider what types of roofs are according to the level of slope and roof configuration, we can distinguish systems:

In turn, pitched roofs by design are:

• lean-to;
• gable (gable);
• mansard (broken gable roofs);
• tented;
• hip and semi-hip;
• multi-forceps;
• conical;
• domed;
• combined;
• free outlines.

Each type of roof has its own advantages and disadvantages, operational features. Let's consider them in more detail.

flat roofs

For individual housing construction, flat roofs are uncharacteristic for a number of reasons, including:

• architectural inexpressiveness, when it comes to the construction of standard rectangular outlines;
• high requirements for roof waterproofing;
• the need for a high bearing capacity of the roofing system, if we are talking about an exploited roof or construction in regions that are characterized by increased snow loads.

But today, flat roofs are increasingly being built by private developers. This is primarily due to the popularity of Art Nouveau, minimalism and high-tech styles. At the same time, for the architectural expressiveness of the building, a combination of volumes of various parts of the structure is usually used. Another reason for the growing interest in flat roofs is the emergence of durable and reliable waterproofing materials on the construction market.

flat roof house

The advantages of flat roofs include the possibility:

• equip a site for recreation, sports activities, etc.;
• create a winter garden or greenhouse;
• install a wind generator or other equipment to increase the comfort and economic efficiency of the house.

In addition, flat roofs are easier and safer to maintain - to clear snow, repair the roof or troubleshoot equipment installed on it.

Shed roofs

If we compare what are the roofs of houses and outbuildings, it can be noted that in the second case, shed roof systems are used more often. This type of roof is characterized by the simplest design - the rafter legs rest on the edges of the walls (or special supports) located at different heights. The angle of inclination of the slope depends on the height difference and the length of the span.

Shed roofs are most often installed on buildings of small size, since with a large roof area it is necessary to increase the angle of inclination in order to ensure effective drainage. And this turns into an increased windage of the roof.

If we are talking about a residential building, then for the architectural expressiveness of the building I often use the technique when two (or more) shed roofs over different parts of the building visually imitate a gable (or multi-gable) structure.

Shed roof

The benefits of pitched roofs include:

• simplicity of calculations and installation work;
• cost-effectiveness (minimum materials are used);
• light weight (suitable for buildings on lightweight foundations).

If the pitch angle is relatively small, roof maintenance is safer compared to other types of pitched structures.

The disadvantages of this type of system include the limited attic space - it is difficult to fully use it for economic purposes and it is more difficult to insulate it with high quality.

Gable structures

When answering the question of what kind of roofs there are on private houses, most people will first of all remember a gable roof, which is also called a gable roof. Its design is quite simple - two identical slopes rest with their lower part on opposite walls (or beams laid across them), and in the upper part they are connected in a ridge.

The advantage of this system is the following:

• the truss structure is quite easy to calculate and mount;
• the space under the slopes can be used for storing things or for other economic purposes, including for installing ventilation and other equipment;
• if desired, the attic is converted into a living space;
• due to the rather steep slope of the slopes (usually 15-60 degrees, depending on atmospheric loads in the region and the selected coating material), snow and rain moisture easily come off the roof;
• financial investments in a gable structure are relatively small;
• a gable roof house looks aesthetically pleasing.

However, it is worth noting that a gable roof is suitable for relatively small buildings, since the roof area grows noticeably with an increase in the dimensions of the house box.

gable roof

Gable roofs are not only gable, that is, isosceles. To add individuality to the building, you can make an asymmetric roof, the slopes of which differ in size and angle of inclination. However, in this case, a professional calculation of the truss system is required, the load on which will be unevenly distributed.

Mansard roofs

Mansard roofs usually mean "broken" gable structures. In this case, each ramp consists of two parts located at different angles, with the lower one being mounted almost vertically. The peculiarity of the truss system is that it allows you to expand the usable space of the attic, as if continuing the walls of the house up.

The financial investment in this type of system is 25-30% higher than for the installation of a gable roof, but the gain in terms of the functionality of the building is much greater, since a full-fledged residential floor is practically added. And in comparison with the construction of a full-fledged two-story house, you can significantly save money, since the installation and insulation of the roofing system will cost much less than arranging a reinforced foundation and building walls on the second floor.

mansard roof

When arranging such a roof, it is important to consider the following points:

• insulation of the attic will reduce the heat loss of the lower rooms of the house, but the under-roof space needs high-quality ventilation, since the use of vapor-tight materials (a heat insulator made of foamed polymer or a special membrane that protects mineral wool from moisture) is inevitable;
• if windows are cut into the roof slopes, high-quality daylight can be provided;
• when using special furniture, you can maximize the use of space in the "dead" zones between the vertical walls of the room and the slopes.

A mansard roof can replace an existing gable roof, provided that the walls and foundation are able to withstand the increased load.

hipped roofs

Visually, the design is four identical isosceles triangles, the vertices of which converge at one point, and the bases lie on the walls of the building.

Hip roof

Hipped roofs (pyramidal) structures are ideal for erecting on houses whose box is square in shape. Their advantages include:

• high resistance to atmospheric loads;
• attractive appearance;
• the ability to use almost any roofing material.

The disadvantage is the increased requirements for system calculations and installation work. In order for the truss system to withstand loads and evenly distribute them to the walls of the house, its supporting frame must be made strictly symmetrical.

hip roofs

Hip structures primarily became widespread in Northern Europe, in regions that are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Like tent structures, hip systems have four slopes, but they are not the same, but are symmetrical in pairs. On the short sides of the house, the slopes are triangular, on the long sides they are trapezoidal, which converge in the ridge in the upper part.

The hip roof will not be torn off even by a heavy wind; due to long overhangs, it reliably protects the walls of the house from precipitation. The attic under such a roof is quite spacious, and if desired, it is possible to equip an attic there by installing windows in the roof.

A variety of hip structures is half-hip roofs. They differ in that the triangular slopes are approximately half as long as the lateral trapezoidal ones and open the upper part of the pediment. Such roofs are used on two-three-story buildings, in this case, the upper (mansard) floor has windows only on the gables, since the side parts are covered with a roof.

Half hip roof

Hip and semi-hip types of roofs for a private house are difficult to install, as they require increased accuracy when calculating the truss system and installing the frame. You should also take into account the increased consumption of materials for the construction of the frame and laying the roofing cake. But it is worth noting that buildings with such roofs look solid and respectable.

Multi-forceps designs

The original roof can be created by combining several gable structures with each other. The most common option is to install small gable roofs over skylights on the gables and roof slopes of the house. Also, separate gable roofs can be erected over each of the parts of the box of a house of complex configuration, which as a whole creates a unique ensemble.

It should be noted that the calculation and installation of multi-gable structures must be entrusted to professionals, since a complex truss system must correctly distribute the load on building structures.

Multi-gable roof

The weak point of multi-gable roofs is the waterproofing of valleys and junctions, which abound in the design. Such a roof requires increased attention during installation and the use of the most reliable waterproofing materials.

conical roofs

Such structures in a "solid" form are usually crowned with round or polygonal towers, round houses. Incomplete cones are used to create a roof over a protruding bay window, in which case it is especially difficult to pair the conical roof element with the roof truss system over the main part of the house.

conical roof

Not all roofing materials are suitable for arranging a coating on a conical roof. First of all, you can use:

• rolled bituminous materials with a decorative and protective coating;
• bituminous tiles;
• natural tiles;
• copper or wooden "scales";
• slate, limestone;
• reeds and other plant materials.

dome roofs

Understanding what roofs are on private houses, one cannot fail to mention domed roofs. There are two main varieties:

1. insulated roof (with window structures or "blank") as part of a domed house;
2. a panoramic glazed (or partially glazed) structure above a part of a house of complex architecture.

The frame of the dome system in the first case can be made of wood. Fully glazed domes are made of metal (steel or aluminum) structures, and require professional engineering calculations and competent manufacture of the frame, which must successfully withstand atmospheric loads.

Can be used as translucent filling:

• reinforced or laminated glass (during the destruction of these materials, dangerous fragments are not formed, but their light transmission is not the highest);
• triplex (completely safe, transmits light well);
• plastic materials - polycarbonate, transparent slate, plexiglass (they are lightweight and safe in case of destruction, but the resistance of each of these materials to ultraviolet radiation and light transmission properties should be taken into account).

Dome roof

The panoramic dome roof is difficult not only to install, but also to maintain. The glazing must be washed regularly from the outside, as dust will settle on its surface. In winter, the upper part of the dome will be covered with snow and ice, unless a special heating system is provided.

The advantages of domed roofs include:

• originality and aesthetic appearance;
• increased thermal efficiency of insulated structures - the shape of the dome contributes to the uniform distribution of heat, there are no freezing corners in the room;
• glazed structures make it possible to create an original winter garden or a room for stargazing.

Combined roofs

Houses of complex architecture with a variable number of storeys, replete with towers, bay windows and other elements, require the construction of a combined roof. During the development of the project, specialists need to competently combine several types of roofing into a single harmonious ensemble.

Combined roof

At the same time, the roof should be not only aesthetic and original, but first of all, reliable and durable. For laying roofing, a material is selected that is equally suitable for flat and convex surfaces. Most often these are piece materials (natural tiles, slate) or flexible bituminous tiles.

Roofs of "free" forms

There are roofs of private houses that are difficult to classify. We are talking about original architectural solutions, when the roof as a whole and most of its parts do not have a strict geometric shape. The roof surface has smooth curves, due to which the slopes necessary for the removal of rain and melt water are formed.

Free Form Roof

Houses with such roofs are designed as close as possible to free natural outlines, and completely natural materials are used to create the roofing - primarily slate. This type of roofing can also include grassy coverings of houses built close to the slope of the hill (and partly inside it), if the vegetation on the roof forms a single carpet with a natural cover in the areas adjacent to the house.

Conclusion

Modern materials enable a private developer to implement projects of any complexity. When choosing the type of roof, it is important to evaluate the financial side of the issue, the laboriousness of installation (if it is planned to build on your own), the functionality of the roof and the durability of the materials from which it is planned to make a roofing pie. The shape of the roof, the material and colors of the coating, largely determine the appearance of the house, create its individual "character".

Types of roofs for a private house

Types of roofs of private houses by design. What are the types of roofs according to the constructive solution and form of execution for a private house.

Varieties of the roof of houses and their characteristics

Popular roof configurations

In modern private construction, there are a great many varieties of roofs of houses, and in our material we will talk about their most popular options. Such important roof structures can be divided depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.

Tilt angle

First, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with what the forms of the roof are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:

1. Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. On the positive side, inexpensive installation and a small amount of consumables can be noted here. On this design, you can equip an open-air terrace, which can also be attributed to the advantages.
2. Pitched, with an angle of inclination of 10 degrees or more. Such samples are easy to use, and therefore their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.

Choosing the type of roof depending on the angle of inclination

Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:

• lean-to;
• gable steep;
• gable gentle;
• gable attic with a broken configuration;
• four-slope semi-hip;
• four-pitched hipped roofs;
• four-slope hip.

The most convenient in the implementation include single-pitched roof structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them on garages, sheds and other outbuildings.

What are the types of roofing

If you need to build an attic, give preference to a mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical, they adequately withstand the wind load, but their installation cannot be called simple.

It will require materials in large quantities, and you can not do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.

In order for the design to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay special attention to its design.

Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics

Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic features of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to a detailed review of the options presented in modern construction.

gable

This type is the most popular and has been built in our country since ancient times. Another name for a structure with two slopes, which rest on walls of the same height, is a “gable roof”. Installation here is more complicated than that of a single-slope version, but the facing materials here can be completely different, which allows you to satisfy any design requirements of the developer.

Diagram of a gable design device

In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which repeats the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word "hips" (frontal triangular slopes).

Approximate diagram of a hip roof

During the installation process, beams are installed here using a double tightening and drains are necessarily mounted at an angle of 45 degrees on each slope. The construction of such structures requires additional efforts and skills, because the construction of the truss system in this case is quite complicated.

Half hip

This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Of the shortcomings, it is fashionable to note only additional costs for materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the roof ribs. Such structures are well used in regions with a windy climate.

Scheme of a semi-hip structure

Attic (broken lines)

Another type of gable samples, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase the attic space, called the attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not cause any particular difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to face is to buy materials for warming the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of an ordinary attic that is not intended for living.

Scheme of a broken attic structure

On average, the cost of building a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make the most of the usable building area and get a two-story house with virtually one level.

Forgotten for a while, these types of roofs of houses are gradually returning to construction thanks to the unusual design solutions of modern architects. Flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or outdoor mini pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. The transparent dome will provide the space with natural light, and lighting fixtures will help out in the evening. Here you can also install solar panels and water heating elements, if you, of course, need them.

Diagram of a flat roof device

Of the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Do not forget about a high-quality storm system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without a trace, besides, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the shortcomings, there may be problems with thermal insulation, and here we are primarily talking about heating the plane in the summer heat, but you can fight the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.

If the structure of the roof with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options cannot boast of such a feature, therefore, in case of urgent need, you will have to resort to its construction separately.

The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, no matter what shape it will be.

It is possible to equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts that will hide the roof truss and cladding materials.

Less popular roof types

In addition to the most common roof structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, albeit less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from those specimens that we considered above, but from this they can be no less beautiful. It is necessary to approach the creation of such samples seriously, because their implementation may be feasible only for professionals.

Shed

A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to build, and any, even the most inexpensive materials, are suitable for their cladding.

Shed roof scheme

As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to equip the attic or attic, and perhaps that is why today it is rare to find shed specimens on new houses.

The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically arranged triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build it because of the overly sophisticated truss system.

Roof truss system

Multi-forceps

It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex truss systems. Many external and internal corners at the junctions of two slopes are not easy to install, moreover, the valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.

Scheme of a multi-gable roof

Wealthy people who build polygonal houses with a large number of outbuildings and attic rooms can afford multi-gable samples.

Such types of roofs only in rare cases cover the entire area of ​​​​the building and are mainly installed above its part. To mount the frame, you will need flexible elements, and a flexible or soft lining is suitable as a decorative coating. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, transferring it to their home.

Scheme of the dome structure

spherical

Recently, spherical roofs are slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this rarely applies to residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, church buildings, so that we can observe these types of construction almost every day.

The structure of the spherical structure

The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil, in which plants are planted that serve as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Here you can note all the positive qualities of flat samples, improved by a special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, they always have enough moisture for irrigation, and besides, conditions are created here for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.

green structure diagram

The undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to meet such green living structures, if possible. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantings on the tops of houses will become much more widespread. Do you want to stand out from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of plants in the open air? Then a green roof will suit you and you will be able to enjoy its beauty.

Decorative cladding: what to choose?

In addition to personal preferences and financial capabilities, in this matter, you need to take into account design features that can both limit your choice and allow you to expand it. To date, the following materials are most common:

All these roofing materials differ from each other in technical characteristics, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure using different technologies, so before choosing, you should carefully read their description, manufacturer's recommendations and warnings. If you carefully approach this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof structure, you can create reliable protection and at the same time decoration for your home.

Roofs of houses: varieties and configurations

When building houses, there are many options for roofing. Consider in this article the most popular types of roofs of houses.

Types of roofs of private houses by design and geometric shapes

The roof of a modern house is not just a covering for it, which exists in order to protect it from rain, snow and sunlight. The roof is a kind of continuation of the house in architectural terms, thanks to which its general appearance is formed. Moreover, its overall comfort depends on what type of roof is installed on the house.

Although, the roof should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. In principle, there are numerous types of roofs for private houses, but the most common are only a few of them, which will be discussed in this article.

Roofs depending on design features

So, speaking in general, all roofs, according to their features, are structurally divided into pitched and flat. Both of them have a number of advantages and disadvantages.

1. For example, at present, flat-type roofs are practically not used in the process of building residential private houses. The reason lies in the fact that the slope of 3 degrees, which has a roof of this type, leads to the fact that precipitation does not “roll” off it well. And this means that there is no need to talk about the good reliability of a flat roof. And in terms of design, a flat roof loses a lot to a pitched one. Therefore, in most cases, a flat roof is equipped if it is planned to organize any additional space on it, such as a pool, front garden or terrace.

Flat roof construction. Photo – jwroof.com

2. A pitched roof is much more practical in this regard, which has several advantages over a flat roof. A sufficient slope angle contributes to the fact that the roof is independently cleared of water and snow, and in general is a more reliable structure than a flat roof. Under such a roof, you can easily make an attic or attic. Despite a number of advantages, the pitched roof also has some disadvantages, which are associated with the high cost of construction and the complexity of its repair during operation.

Pitched roof structure.

Attic and non-attic pitched roofs

In fairness, it should be said that the owner of the future house is trying to choose any 1 of the several proposed options for roofs of houses. Those. either an attic-type structure or a non-attic (mansard) structure.

1. The roof of the attic type is distinguished by its simplicity of construction, so such a roof can be easily built even on your own. Very often, the angle of the attic roof slope depends on the type of roofing material. In this case, one should take into account both the load that such a roof must hold and the cost of building material during its construction. In addition, this type provides for the possibility of repair without replacing the entire roof. If the choice is made in favor of the attic roof, then you must immediately decide whether the attic will be used in the future or not. Those. it is from this decision that the choice of the upper floor of the attic will depend, which can be either wooden or reinforced concrete.

The attic roof is shared with the whole room.

2. Another type of roof is mansard. She is also unrepentant. Its main difference from other types of attic roofs in private houses is that the outer walls in this case will be roof structures. Such a roof is very original, so the appearance of the house itself will be very unusual. And everything would be fine, but the working area of ​​​​the attic in this case is reduced, and the process of erecting a mansard roof is very difficult and it is not easy to cope with it without the appropriate experience.

Mansard roof from the inside.

As a rule, a non-attic roof has some kind of kink, therefore, in order to strengthen it, it is necessary to put wooden supports from the inside. However, with due imagination, you can also benefit from this if you sheathe such props with plywood and turn it all into useful lockers and niches for temporarily unnecessary things.

Varieties of pitched roofs according to geometric shapes

In addition, the design features of roofs can determine the various forms of roofs of private houses.

shed roof

At the moment, the shed roof is considered the simplest and cheapest. This is a flat view of a roof that rests on walls of varying heights. As a result, the slope of the roof occurs in one direction. Usually it is most often used in the construction of sheds, garages and other outbuildings. But often it can be seen in country houses. For all its merits, the main disadvantage of such a roof is that it is impossible to equip an attic in a house with such a roof. Yes, and her appearance leaves much to be desired.

The house is covered with a pitched roof.

Gable roof

A 2-pitched roof is common in villages and small towns. This type of roof has come down to our days since ancient times. As you might guess, such a roof consists of 2 slopes connected to each other with the help of a “ridge”. It is interesting that such slopes are both symmetrical with respect to each other, and differ from each other by the angle of inclination or length. Under such a roof, you can easily equip an attic or attic. This type of roof can be safely considered the most practical and most common. Parts of the walls of the building, which limit the attic space on both sides, are called gables.

One of the most common types of roofs is a pitched roof.

hip roof

If instead of pediments 2 slopes of a triangular shape are installed, then this roof is called a hip roof, and the slopes themselves are called hips. The upper part of the slopes has dormer windows. If we compare this type of roof with the one discussed above, then it is much more difficult to build it. Therefore, the construction of such a roof must be trusted only to professionals. But the resistance of such roofs to precipitation and strong winds is simply phenomenal.

An example of a house with a hip roof.

Half hip roof

The semi-hip roof type is considered an intermediate link between the 2-pitched and hip roofs. The end gables in this case are made in the form of a trapezoid, and their top is covered with half hips. As a rule, in such roofs on the pediment, you can place a completely full-fledged window, and the half-hips themselves are quite interesting decorative elements.

There is another type of half-hip roof, when the lower part of the pediment is simply covered by a slope. This makes it possible to ensure the correct triangular shape of the remaining part of the pediment, in which the dormer window is usually organized. If you judge such a roof by its appearance, then it is of great interest to designers.

On the left is the first type, on the right is the second type of hip roof.

hipped roof

The hip roof has another variety, which is called the hipped roof. Structurally, it has 3 or more slopes converging at one upper point. This type of roof does not have a ridge, and the symmetry of the slopes in relation to each other is simply amazing. If the house has the shape of a regular polygon or square, then it usually uses a hip roof type. In terms of wind resistance, this type of roof has performed quite well. In addition, from the point of view of design ideas, there are few alternatives to such roofs.

An example of a hipped roof.

Multi-gable roof

If the building has the shape of a complex polygon, then it is usually covered with a multi-gable roof. Such roofs are very complex structurally due to their complex system of rafters. However, with the successful design of such a roof, a very unique design can be created.

An example of a multi-gable roof.

broken roof

The types of mansard roofs of private houses often include a broken type of roof. Such a roof is sometimes called a mansard roof. They have a rather large angle of inclination of the fracture, which allows you to more fully use the usable area of ​​the attic in the building.

Sloped roof option.

Domed and conical roofs

Domed and conical roofs are very rare when it comes to private residential buildings. As a rule, these structures are rounded structures, however, they do not cover all the premises of the house, but only its individual elements, which, for example, include round verandas or decorative turrets.

Domed roofs on the left and conical roofs on the right.

Combined roofs

But the most complex design is the combined types of roofs. In simpler terms, such roofs are combinations of a multi-gable, hipped, half-hip design. Despite this, if the cottage has a combined roof, then its very unusual appearance attracts attention, because it has a large number of dormer windows, covered small balconies, as well as open and closed verandas. And everything would be fine, but such roofs are not easy to build and maintain in the future.

An example of a combined roof.

Be that as it may, but roofs, regardless of their shape or type, are constantly being improved and supplemented with new elements.

Types of roofs of private houses, their shapes and options Photo

We present to your attention all possible types of roofs of private houses that differ both in design features and in shape. Consider all the pros and cons of one form or another of the roof of a private house and in what cases they can be used to cover your house.

Types of roofs for a private house

The roof of the house is one of the key elements of its reliability, strength, thermoregulation and presentable appearance. There are various types of roofs of private houses, which differ in configuration, the type of roofing materials involved, and the complexity of construction. The roof is an important load-bearing structure of the house, designed to protect it from precipitation and external influences, so it must be strong, stable and durable. Yes, and aesthetic qualities play an important role, because a well-chosen configuration and design of the roof will set the tone for the entire building, becoming its hallmark.

Forms and types of roofs of private houses

At the design stage, you should choose the right roof structure, based on the shape of the house and its purpose. Roofs are divided into types that differ in the number of hips and slopes. The main types of roofs that are in modern construction:

Shed- simplicity of design and comparative cheapness of execution makes this type of roof popular. Used for outbuildings, warehouses and garages. Rarely - for a private house.

gable- the classic version of the roof, which consists of two parts. Gives you the opportunity to equip the attic.

flat- It is used mainly in the climatic zone, where a small amount of precipitation is provided. Otherwise, water will accumulate on the surface of the roof and flow into the house.

hip roof- It is also called a four-slope. Differs in a difficult design and high operational characteristics.

Half hip, the Danish roof can be gable (mansard) or four-pitched.

Shatrovaya- a kind of hip roofs for private houses, the design resembles a tent. Differs in simplicity of installation and high functionality.

Multi-forceps- consists of tongs, many valleys, gables and blocks. Provides a natural stack of rain and melt water.

dome or cone the roof is used mainly on round and multi-faceted buildings.

Roofs of complex combination- are installed in private houses on two floors, with extensions and utility rooms. Installation of such a roof is only possible for experienced professionals.

Unusual roof shape

Flat roof

The choice in favor of a flat-shaped roof is very rare, because it accumulates snow too quickly, retains a stack of water, and is easily deformed if the load during installation was incorrectly calculated. This type of roofing is preferred in hot climates where rainfall is rare. It is also used to cover multi-storey buildings and industrial buildings.

Flat roofs are popular with high-tech houses.

The advantages of a flat roof include:

Its smaller area compared to pitched, so less roofing material goes to it.

Installation and service work on a flat roof can be carried out without problems.

A flat roof allows you to get an additional usable area that can be used as a terrace, a place for sports, arrange a winter garden, build a gazebo with a fireplace.

Installation of this design is quick, as well as repair.

In a mild climate, you can arrange a flat roof under the garden

Shed roofs

A pitched roof has a flat surface that slopes to one side. Very often it is arranged on walls of different heights. When installing this, it is very important to choose the right amount of slope so that part of the building is located towards the winds.

The simplest version of a pitched roof

Advantages of a shed roof:

Low cost compared to attic or domed;

The possibility of subsequent completion of the floors without grandiose dismantling;

Easy installation of chimneys and stacks;

A wide range of roofing materials;

High area utilization rate;

Possibility to mount a balcony and huge windows from ceiling to floor.

Also very popular for modern style homes

There are no special drawbacks to a shed roof, except for it

Not very presentable.

However, if you correctly design the structure, combine several slopes at different levels, then you get a completely attractive roof. The correct selection of material is also important - if you choose, for example, a metal tile, then you get a beautiful slope geometry, but the profiled sheet will turn the house into a barn.

gable roofs

The gable roof structure is most often used for a private house in our climate zone. The angled design prevents water and snow from accumulating. The angle of the pitched roof is determined based on the level of precipitation in the current region - the more precipitation, the greater the angle of the pitched roof.

Gable roof scheme

Advantages of a gable roof:

Practicality and the ability to equip the attic;

No need to clean snow and water manually;

Wide design possibilities;

Most roofing materials are focused on a gable roof;

Low cost and speed of construction.

Classic version of the house with a gable roof

The disadvantages of a gable roof in a private house include:

A large number of roofing materials that will be needed for its construction.

If you plan to build an attic, then you need to take care of increasing the number of windows, which will complicate the construction of a gable roof.

hip roof

The hip roof consists of four planes, which are located at an angle. Such a roof is considered one of the varieties of a hipped roof.

hip roof scheme

Benefits of a hip roof:

It is not subject to deformation in places of eaves canopies;

original appearance;

Can withstand strong winds;

Possibility to equip an attic or attic;

Well protects the facade from precipitation, thanks to the installation of additional overhangs.

Photo of a house with a hip roof

The disadvantage of a hip roof is:

The complexity of its installation, the complexity of laying roofing materials;

Due to the slopes, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic space is reduced.

Half hip roof

Half-hip roofs are also called Dutch. In our country, such designs are not used as often as in Europe.

3D sketch of a hipped roof

Advantages of semi-hip roofs:

Resistant to wind and even hurricane due to the streamlined shape;

Reliably protects the walls and gables of the house from snow and rain;

The ability to equip a residential or attic space under the roof;

Original and unusual design.

House with a hipped roof

The disadvantages of a roof of this form include:

The difficulty of its installation, a large number of ribs and valleys;

A large number of necessary lumber;

Complicated roofing - builders have to install a lot of stops and struts.

hipped roofs

The tent-shaped roof is one of the varieties of pitched roof types. Consists of four equal slopes of a triangular shape.

Photo of a house with a hipped roof

This version of the roof wins over the gable roof, due to a higher level of functionality and decorative appeal. The mass of a hipped roof is less than that of a gable or mansard roof, so the load on buildings becomes less. The structure of the hipped roof is strong, thanks to the ribs that provide support. The disadvantages of this type of roof include the complexity and high cost of installation.

Multi-forceps

Multi-gable roofs for private houses are a rather complex structure, as they consist of many slopes, ribs, gables, valleys. Installation of such a roof is carried out only by masters with extensive experience in this field.

Advantages of a multi-gable roof:

Attractive appearance;

Durability and strength of the structure;

The possibility of equipping an additional room under the roof.

The disadvantages of these types of roofs are:

Lots of roofing waste.

Domed and conical

Cone types of roofs are installed over round or polyhedral buildings. For them, supporting elements are used. The domed roof is considered one of the original and beautiful forms of private house roofs.

Dome - used in modern post-modern style

Due to its configuration, the structure is well tolerated by all the vagaries of nature, has increased strength and seismic resistance.

Such a roof gives the house a castle-tower look.

The disadvantages of this type of roof are:

The extreme complexity of their installation;

The inability to place windows on them or equip the usable space under them;

This roofing option is rarely used for a private house and is one of the most expensive.

Combined roof

Combined roofs are the most complex type of structures. They are a unique combination of semi-hip, hip, slope, cone, mansard elements. Such a roof, of course, is a decoration of the house.

Consists of various combinations of all possible types

It can be embodied in various design solutions.

However, the installation of such a roof:

It is very complex, as is the design.

Yes, and the cost of construction and further maintenance are also high.

Therefore, a combined roof is most often installed on castles, churches and other buildings of a similar purpose.

Varieties of roofs of private houses: photos of types of various roof designs

There are various types of roofs of private houses, which differ in configuration, the type of roofing materials involved, and the complexity of construction.

Roof for a private house. Types of roofs by design

During the entire service life, the roof must protect the dwelling from rain, snow, wind, scorching sun rays and winter frosts, while maintaining warmth and comfort in the house. Only a properly designed roof for a private house will cope with the tasks. Types of roofs by design include many different arrangement options, each of which must take into account all the architectural nuances of housing construction, and also be appropriate in a particular climatic zone.

The choice of roof structure is an important stage in the construction of a private house

Existing types of roofs of houses

Choosing the right and reliable roof is a serious and responsible mission. After all, it is being built not for one season, but for decades. In addition, a beautiful roof is also a worthy appearance of your home. Photos of private houses, the beautiful roofs of which flawlessly complete the architectural composition, are a clear confirmation of this. Also, each developer seeks to give the roof of the house being built a rational form that can endure all the vagaries of the weather.

Combined type of roof of a country house

The forms of roofs for private houses, photos of which can be found on the Internet, are surprisingly diverse. Numerous design models can become the basis for bold ideas and help you make the right choice. Modern roof projects of private houses allow you to realize the most original ideas in any style.

Before dwelling on the optimal version of the roof of a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the existing forms and design features of roofs. The main criteria by which roofs of various types are classified are:

The choice of a particular roof structure depends on many factors, for example, the climate in the region

How ideally one or another type of roof for a house is suitable depends on the correct selection of all three parameters. The main factor influencing the design of the roof is the climatic zone. Features of the climate and will affect the slope of the structure, its shape and the choice of roofing material. It makes no sense to build a roof with a slight slope in an area where a large amount of snow falls: they will accumulate and destroy the structure.

Flat roofs are relatively inexpensive to make, as they require minimal material and construction work. You don't have to worry about the roof being blown off by the wind. Many on flat roofs equip additional open areas for various needs. But it should be borne in mind that precipitation will spoil such a roof, forming puddles on the surface.

In modern house design, you can often find a combination of different types of roofs.

Useful advice! To ensure a natural drainage of water for a flat structure, it is recommended to pour a layer of expanded clay at a slight angle.

There is also a division of roofs into unexploited and exploited, attic and non-attic. The exploited roofs are just used as areas for recreation and sports, covering them with a special material. The area of ​​​​such a roof, as a rule, is equal to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house itself, so many owners are thinking about the rational use of this space. A serious disadvantage is the insecurity of the coating from precipitation.

When laying metal tiles, the maximum angle of inclination is not standardized, and the minimum is 15 °

Attic structures are called when the distance between the ceiling and the roof surface is not more than 1.5 m. Usually, the space under such a roof is used for technical purposes. Atticless roofs are used when there is an idea to use the space under the roof as a living room - an attic. In addition, such an additional floor can be built on top of an existing house.

In a large group, varieties of roofs are distinguished according to the geometric shape and number of slopes. A pitched roof is called if the angle of its inclination exceeds 10 °. Roofs come with one, two and four slopes. More complex structures have combined slopes - these are hipped, multi-gable roofs. Less common in private construction are domed or conical models. Roofs that include several different shapes are called combined.

Operated type of roof: a recreation area is equipped on a flat surface

Types of roofs for private houses: we select the optimal slope

Depending on the slope, flat and pitched roofs are distinguished. Under the slope understand the angle of inclination of the slope relative to the horizon. It is measured in degrees or as a percentage of the height of the roof to the length of the span. So, 100% slope corresponds to 45°. For the convenience of translating these indicators, a special table has been developed.

The main reason for the slope is the timely removal of precipitation from the roof. Roofs with a slight slope (up to 1%) will often leak and cause inconvenience to the owners. In addition, in terms of design, the surfaces of such roofs do not look aesthetically pleasing for private houses. Photos of flat roofs indicate that most often such structures are used for change houses, garages and outbuildings.

Table of correspondence between the degree of the angle and the percentage of the slope of the roof:

In addition to precipitation, wind also affects the roof. With an increase in the slope by 20-30 °, the wind load increases by 5 times. And if the slope is small, the wind flow can penetrate the roof through the joints of the coating and easily disrupt the structure. With the help of a competently selected roof project of a private house, you can get the right slope angle and avoid the possible consequences of the elements.

Useful advice! When choosing a roof option, it should be taken into account that the maximum snow load on the roof is achieved when the slope is 30°. In order for the roof to be able to clean itself, the slope must be 45 °.

Shed roof is often erected for garages, outbuildings, change houses

In order to correctly determine the required slope, it is necessary to calculate the ratio of the size of the ridge to ½ of the width of the house. Multiply the resulting value by 100 - this will be the value of the roof slope. For the convenience of determining the angle of the roof, professional builders use special calculations and graphs. They can be easily found on the Internet. As for the cost of building a roof, the greater the slope, the more expensive the construction will cost.

Do-it-yourself shed roof step by step: installation features. Advantages and disadvantages of a shed roof design. Selection of materials, their preparation and calculation of the required quantity. The slope angle.

Despite the fact that the construction of pitched roofs is more expensive, for each developer, the reliability of the roof will be a priority, rather than the cost of its construction. Thus, the pitched model will be the correct type of roof for a private house. The slope of such a roof will be determined by the wind and snow load on the structure, as well as an attractive appearance. In addition, the angle of inclination is determined by the use of a particular roofing. For laying each type of material, manufacturing companies recommend an appropriate slope.

A roof with steep slopes can be overturned by strong gusts of wind, with gentle slopes - lift

Use of roof coverings depending on the slope of the roof

In order for the roof to become a reliable protection for the house, the angle of inclination of the slopes must be taken into account when choosing a roofing:

• slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets) - such a coating can be used with a roof slope of 13 to 60 °. If the angle of inclination is less than 13 °, water will seep into the joints, and in winter snow will clog. This will lead to a significant reduction in the life of the roof;
• ceramic tiles - the optimal slope for this material lies in the range from 30 to 60 °. When laying such tiles on roofs with a slope of less than 25 °, measures should be taken to improve ventilation and waterproofing;
• metal tile - the popularity of using this material for the roof of a private house (photos confirm this) is very high. In addition to many advantages, when laying metal tiles, the maximum angle of inclination is not standardized. Minimum slope - 15 °;

When choosing a roofing, it is necessary to take into account the slope of the slopes

• corrugated board - used mainly for outbuildings. Laying is carried out at a slope of 10 ° without a limit limit;
• bituminous tiles - the coating is applicable for roofs with a slope of more than 12 °. The maximum tilt angle is unlimited. Suitable for roofs of intricate shape, as it perfectly repeats the surface of any curvature;
• bituminous slate - corrugated sheets of this material are used with a slope of 5 °. There is no maximum restriction, however, the pitch of the crate depends on the angle of inclination, and with a slope of 5 to 10 °, it will be necessary to equip a continuous flooring;
• seam steel roofing - this material is laid with slopes starting from 20 °. There is no maximum tilt angle limitation.

Diagram showing the preferred roofing material depending on the angle of the roof

Useful advice! When choosing a roofing, you should follow this rule: the denser the structure of the material, the smaller the angle of inclination of the roof slopes should be.

Given the slope of the roof when using roofing, it is possible to achieve high-quality laying of the material, prevent leaks and increase the life of the entire structure.

Classification of types of roofs according to the structure of the frame

Pitched roofs, depending on the configuration of the frame, can have a different shape with certain features. There are the following types of roofs:

An example of a harmonious combination of several types of roof: gable, single-pitched, hipped

• half hip;
• tent;
• multi-forceps;
• domed;
• vaulted;
• spire-shaped.

Single sided option. Such a roof has a fairly simple design. Its only slope is located between two walls of different heights. The greater the difference between the height of the walls, the greater the slope of the roof. Any materials can be used for its construction. In private construction, it is mainly used for household blocks, garages or small garden houses.

Shed roof looks modern and stylish

Useful advice! For private houses, shed roofs are used if it is necessary to reduce the removal of water or snow to the roadway or sidewalk.

Photos of the flat roof of a private house often illustrate the unpresentable appearance of the structure, especially if the building is low. In addition, this option almost eliminates the possibility of arranging an attic. But in modern building design, this roof option is quite popular.

Gable roof. The type of gable roof is a structure of two slopes connected to each other by means of a ridge. This roof is the most common among pitched models for private houses. Photos of gable roof types illustrate that the slopes can be located both symmetrically and with different slopes. The length of the slopes can also be different.

The gable roof option is the most popular among pitched types.

Due to the fact that under such roofs it is possible to equip an attic or attic, they are considered quite practical. The elements of the walls of the structure that limit the attic or attic space are called gables. Gable roof structures provide unhindered rainfall and minimize the possibility of leakage. It should be noted that in regions where storm winds are frequent, the roof can be torn off due to poor streamlining.

Attic structure. Such a roof is a kind of gable construction with a broken profile. Each slope of the mansard roof has two levels: the upper slope with a gentle slope, the lower one with a falling one. The main advantage of such a roof is the possibility of maximizing the use of space under the roof. Due to the fact that the structures are unstable to strong winds, the mansard roof projects of private houses assume additional fixation of the roofing in the area of ​​the falling slope.

Drawing with mounting dimensions of a gable roof with a broken profile

Useful advice! If the attic room is small, designers recommend not to hem the ceiling. Interior decoration can be done up to the ridge, which will add spaciousness to the room.

Hip roof. This type of roof is a combination of gable and hip design. Here, the pediments replace the slopes in the shape of a triangle, which are called hips. The other two slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The upper parts of the slopes are equipped with dormer windows. The frame of the structure can be built on a rectangular base. The space under the roof can also be used as an attic.

The hip roof is a combination of a gable and a hip design

The hip roof has a streamlined shape, is perfectly self-cleaning and resists winds, however, it has a more complex design of the truss system. In this regard, the construction of such a roof is recommended to be entrusted only to specialists. With regard to construction costs, it should be noted that during the construction there is a large percentage of roofing waste and significant costs for skylights.

Half hip designs. An intermediate model between a hip and gable roof. A feature of this design is that the pediment of the gable roof is covered at the top with a small half-hip, which protects the ridge from wind load. The streamlining of this form makes it appropriate to erect such roofs in regions where strong gusts of wind prevail.

An example of a semi-hip roof of a private house

The appearance of the roof is quite attractive in terms of design. In the triangular parts of the gables, you can equip full-sized dormers. Half hips serve as decorative elements. In terms of design, this type of roof is quite complex and requires the participation of professionals.

Tent roof models. One of the varieties of the hip structure includes a hipped roof. Such a model has 3 or more triangular slopes that converge at the top at one point. All slopes are performed symmetrically to each other. Hipped roofs are used in cases where houses have the correct shape of a square or polygon. They are very attractive in appearance.

The tent structure is sufficiently resistant to winds. The complexity of the construction of the truss system is explained by the strictly symmetrical geometric shape of the roof. If sheet material acts as a cover, the amount of waste will be large. The installation of roof window structures will also affect the cost.

Various types of roofs for country houses and cottages

Useful advice! To make the hipped roof look aesthetically attractive, it is recommended to use tiles as roofing.

Multi-gable roofs. Such roofs are considered one of the most complex structures, both in terms of the construction of the truss system and in terms of laying the roofing. This is due to the presence in the device of a large number of ribs, valleys and other structural elements. It is used in houses that have a complex polygonal shape.

The appearance of the multi-gable roof is very distinctive. Thanks to modern roof coverings with a rich color palette, the roof can be made bright and lively. In addition, under such a roof, you can equip side attics of a small area.

By combining different types of roofs, you can get an interesting look at home

dome structures. The domed or conical structure is a rounded roof without ribs, converging at the highest point. This is a rather rare type of roof of a private house. Photos of such structures show that in most cases such a roof is used only for individual elements of the building, for example, such as small turrets or round terraces.

Vaulted roofs. This design is based on a base of rafters curved into an arc. It is rarely used as a roof for a private house. This roof shape is rational for large buildings such as sports facilities or public buildings. In private buildings, it can be used as an additional element in combination with a structure of a different form.

The domed roof structure is most often used for individual building elements.

Spike roofs. The main difference between such exclusive roofs is the sharp angle created by sharp slopes. The construction of the spire takes a lot of time, since here it is very important to choose the slope and material for the roof. As a rule, the spire is erected as a decorative element crowning domed roofs or turrets.

Due to its complexity and laboriousness of execution, such a design is built only by professionals. Spiers are very rarely used in the design of roofs of private houses. Photos show that they are mainly used in the construction of temples, buildings in the Gothic style and other monumental structures.

Useful advice! Even a single minor mistake made in the construction of a spire roof can spoil the appearance of the entire structure.

In the design of the roof of the house in the Victorian style there is a spire-shaped type of roof.

There is also such a thing as combined roofs. Such roofs in their design contain several types at once, for example, a combination of tent, hip, multi-gable and other forms. Combined roofs are difficult to design, build and maintain, but they always have an interesting and sophisticated look.

Mansard roof of a private house. Photo and description of structures

A mansard type of roof is an excellent option to profitably increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200ba private house. The dimensions of the additional room will determine the shape and type of the mansard roof. The geometric shapes of such a roof can have a different configuration, and the roof itself can cover the entire building or a small part of it.

Thanks to the attic, you can significantly increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, for example, by placing bedrooms there

Types of mansard roofs. Photo of private houses with a functional roof

There are several types of mansard roofs:

Single pitched mansard roof. Mansard roofs in a shed version look peculiar. Such structures are quite simple in construction due to the lack of a ridge and the difficulties that its arrangement entails. The attic is formed due to the different heights of the walls on which the structural beams rest. The attic floor under such a roof is quite miniature.

Schemes for arranging an insulated attic and ventilation of the under-roof space

Symmetrical mansard roof. This type of roof is built on the basis of a gable model. The walls of the attic room in this embodiment will have an identical width and height. This form provides the possibility of installing full-fledged window structures and doors leading to a balcony or terrace in the room.

Asymmetrical shape. Such roofs are obtained as a result of the hip placement of slopes. It should be borne in mind that the room under the asymmetrical roof will have a small area. The outlines of the opposite walls of such a room will be as follows: two in the shape of a triangle, two in the shape of a trapezoid.

Tent attic structure. The room under such a roof can have a specific configuration: round, conical or pyramidal. In this regard, it is very difficult to fit windows or doors into the walls of such attics. Window structures of this form will need to be made to order according to a special project, which will cause a significant increase in the cost of construction.

When building a roof, it is necessary to carefully consider the location and design of the roof window.

Useful advice! Equipping window structures in the attic room, pay attention to how they will open. Windows that open inwards and downwards can cause injury to the person who opens them. The best would be to open the window outward with a handle located at the top.

Broken roof. If you want to make the most of the space under the roof, the right choice is a sloping roof. In this case, it is possible to significantly reduce the so-called dead zones, the area of ​​which cannot be used as useful. Thanks to the external breaks of the edges, it is possible to expand the attic room, while the choice of a straight roof limits the rational use of the space under it.

Under the combined roof of a country house there is an attic floor

The broken roof structures are distinguished by the small height of the walls of the rooms that have turned out under them. The installation of such a roof is justified when the attic is built on an already erected building. In this case, you do not have to worry about the additional load on the foundation, the design of which did not initially involve the presence of an additional residential floor.

The roof is considered popular, the design of which is based on triangular figures: upper and lower. The design scheme of the upper triangles assumes both a hanging and a layered truss system, and the lower ones only a layered one. The upper slopes are based on isosceles triangles, and the lower ones have two right-angled triangles at the base.

Living room located on the attic floor of a private house

Insulation and waterproofing of mansard roofs

The design of a mansard roof depends on the load that the roof will be subjected to from above and below. We should not forget that warm air flows rise and settle in the form of condensate on the inner surface of the roof. Therefore, the technology for erecting mansard roofs of private houses must necessarily take into account high-quality heat, steam and waterproofing.

Useful advice! When building a mansard roof, pay attention to the distribution of ventilation risers and chimneys: do not allow them to be located in valleys.

Scheme of the device of the insulated mansard roof

In order to be comfortable in the attic, it is necessary to use such a heat-insulating material that will contribute to this regardless of the time of year. If the roofing cake is made in compliance with all technological rules, the microclimate in the room will be normal.

Knowing their main characteristics will help to make the right choice of thermal insulation materials, which include:

• resistance to temperature extremes;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance;
• environmental friendliness;
• fire safety;
• density up to 250 kg/m³.

The technology for erecting mansard roofs must necessarily take into account high-quality heat, steam and waterproofing

The technology of thermal insulation in the attic is similar to the insulation of conventional roofs, however, due to certain criteria, it is subject to increased requirements. The role of the walls in the attic rooms is performed by slopes and gables, due to which they overheat in the summer and cool quickly in the cold season. Therefore, the sequence of layers of the pie must be strictly observed:

1. Vapor barrier layer.
2. Insulation material.
3. Ventilation (air) gap.
4. waterproofing layer.
5. Roofing material.

When applying insulation, you should pay attention to its thermal conductivity (the ability to retain and transmit heat). The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the material will retain heat in the room, protecting it from cooling. Mansard roofs are more susceptible to heat loss in winter, as heat flows upward, approaching the roofing.

Mansard roof insulation process with mineral wool

In winter, the following process is observed: the snow covering the surface of the roof acts as a kind of heat insulator. If the heat loss is large, the snow on the roof begins to melt, turning into a dense crust of ice, which does not retain heat and creates an additional load on the roof. Properly laid thermal insulation will prevent snow from melting and ice from forming.

In extreme heat, the attic room is very hot. To avoid this, arrange thermal insulation on the inside. The number of layers for internal protection depends on the properties of the material. For these purposes, they usually use: polyurethane foam, mineral wool, extruded polystyrene, slag wool, glass wool, foamed glass. From natural heaters, straw, slag, wood shavings, reed panels will be used.

Mineral wool is one of the most popular materials for roof insulation.

Roof for a private house. Types of roofs by design: form matters

Modern roof design involves many different and original designs. The shape of the roof determines not only the proper degree of protection of the house from external influences, but also provides architectural expressiveness. In private construction, the choice of design is limited only by the financial capabilities of the owner of the house, which allows the roof to become the main decorative element in the design of the whole house.

Beautiful roofs of private houses: photo gallery of various options

It is possible to definitely advise the optimal type of roof, taking into account not only the construction technology, but also the wishes of the owner of the house. Architectural preferences in the private sector also depend on the area where the house is located, since since ancient times each region has been distinguished by its style and originality. To find out what the roofs of private houses are like (photos of numerous options are available on the Internet), you need to study this issue, after which choosing the most acceptable option will not be difficult.

Despite the simple design, there are many ways to combine a flat roof with a modern private building design style. The monopitch version of the roof has an insignificant set of components and does not require significant financial investments. In the design of flat roofs, many use a new original direction - landscaping. The roof covered with flowers and greenery will add a portion of romance to the whole house.

The gable roof is the most popular in suburban villages. Photos of private houses show typical models of gable structures. The gable roof with slopes that are different in length and slope looks original, the classic model with symmetrical inclined planes is more strict. An important detail is the possibility of arranging an attic under a gable roof of a one-story private house. The photo characterizes the simplicity and functionality of this type of roofing.

Timber house with a complex combined roof

Photos of the hip roofs of private houses indicate that this roof design is used mainly for large cottages. Houses with such roofs look more solid and presentable. Due to the absence of gables in the construction, the height of houses with a hip roof visually seems smaller, but this feeling is completely compensated by the presence of dormers and dormer windows. They perfectly illuminate the attic space and make the facade of the whole house more picturesque.

Broken roof structures have exceptional ergonomic advantages. Photos of broken roofs of private houses clearly illustrate the maximum efficiency of usable space. Despite the fact that the construction of such a structure entails high costs, these models are actively used in private construction.

Classic gable roof model with symmetrical slopes

Useful advice! Those who dream of a two-story cottage, but are financially limited, should pay attention to the mansard types of roofs. This will be an excellent option with minimal investment.

For lovers of unusual design, a multi-gable roof is the best fit. Such designs can be attributed to real masterpieces. Their uniqueness lies in the large number of ribs, faces, forceps and slopes. This form of roof has become popular in modern private construction of cottages with attic rooms. If a successful project is chosen, you can build a unique structure associated with the roofs of fairy-tale towers.

Having considered all the options for roofs for private houses and carefully understanding the features and advantages of each of them, you can make the best decision in your case. The main thing is that your home should be under reliable protection.

Roof for a private house

Varieties of roofs of houses. Roof for a private house. Types of roofs by design. Types of mansard roofs. Roof insulation. Photo gallery of beautiful designs.

Roof construction is an important stage in the construction of a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the climatic zone. Its second function is aesthetic.

Who doesn't want to live in a beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the whole building and even a local landmark.

Roof types

The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by the climate.

A flat solution is appropriate in areas with a minimum of annual rainfall. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in areas with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.

A pitched structure is more suitable for our latitudes. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation, usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof device often involves several slopes.

The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the residential part by an attic floor. The roofless roof is at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor.

When drawing up a roof project, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether it is planned to place a living room or a pantry on it.

Shed roof tilted to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be located towards the winds. An excellent choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design makes efficient use of the area, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent completion of the floors.

Of the shortcomings, one can single out not the most interesting view. An unusual approach (a combination of slopes at different levels, the use of metal tiles) will achieve an attractive result.

A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.

The slope should contribute to its natural purification from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, it is quickly and inexpensively mounted, and it opens up wide possibilities for design.

The four-pitched hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong winds. Under it, you can equip an attic or attic, but their area will be less than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and laboriousness of construction.

The original semi-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. Behind the spectacular appearance lies the complexity of installation and roofing.

The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. Metal tile or slate would be a good option for covering.

The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different slopes, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.

A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a round or multifaceted structure. The robust and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.

The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing an attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.

Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create a functional and aesthetic option. The reverse side of the coin - the construction, design and maintenance are fraught with considerable difficulties.

The architecture of the house also plays a role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, a gable or multi-gable building is more suitable for a building in a classical style. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make a choice.

Mansard roofs

In private houses, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of obtained advantages. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional area without the construction of a full-fledged floor.

A well-organized attic ventilation and thermal insulation system will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic can be effectively used. Windows built into the roof provide maximum natural light to the room.

Before starting work, make sure that the load-bearing walls and foundation can withstand the new loads.

The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º (the upper part can be at an angle of 25-35º).

Material selection

The traditional roofing material is slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). With reliability and cheapness, it remains quite heavy. A suitable roof slope for its use is 13-60º.

Not suitable for flat roofs, as precipitation will reduce the service life if it gets into the cracks. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the crate depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.

Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in the repair of the roof of a private house. The harm to its merits is strength and durability.

Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metal profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the cover of your favorite color.

Roofing material is more often used to provide thermal insulation, rather than a full-fledged coating. It is a soft black material.

The tile possesses high decorative qualities, reliable and easy. Produced in a variety of colors. The high cost of the roof can push away from the choice in her favor. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.

Perhaps the most popular roof of a private house can be called a metal tile. It can be used starting with a 15º slope.

Bituminous tiles will repeat the surface of any curvature, so it will be a good choice for an unusual roof (for example, a dome). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.

Photos of roofs of private houses

In order for the roof to fulfill its task, in addition to a solid frame structure, an appropriate coating is required - durable, airtight, aesthetic. The use of the wrong roofing material can be disastrous, ranging from financial losses caused by continuous repairs to serious accidents, for example, as a result of the collapse of the frame. It is also desirable that the roofing material be easy to install - with less risk of errors. There are various types of roofing materials, and all of them have characteristic features, knowledge of which will help you make the right choice in each case.

An important criterion when choosing roofing materials is the complexity of the roof structure. For simple structures, without decorative elements, it is advisable to use various types of sheet roofing, which allows you to carry out roofing work in the shortest possible time. Below are the main types of roofing materials that are most suitable for this purpose.

Metal tile is a roofing material that is made from galvanized steel sheets 0.4-1.25 mm thick, with an organic coating with a thickness of 25 microns (polyester coatings) to 200 microns (plastoizol). Weight 1 sq.m. coverage ranges from 4.2 - 6.5 kg. Products can be supplied in sheets or in modules (modular metal tiles). A standard module has dimensions of 350-400 mm in length and about 1100 mm in width, and a sheet can reach several meters in length - one sheet of metal tile, on average, 6 square meters. roofs. Service life of a metal tile is 30-50 years.

Metal tiles are used at various industrial facilities and residential buildings, for roofing roofs with an angle of inclination from 9 - 12 °. Sheets are attached to the crate with self-tapping screws with special sealing caps. The step between the elements of the crate is from 35 to 40 cm, depending on the angle of the roof.

Pros and cons of this type of roof:

• advantages - ease of installation, relatively high strength with low weight, wide range of colors, low price;
• disadvantages - a large amount of waste, poor thermal insulation properties.

Profiled sheets are made from the same material as metal tiles and using a similar technology, but are used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes, for example, to cover industrial buildings or shops. They produce corrugated board of different profiles (trapeze, wave, etc.) and various colors. Thanks to the production technology, this material, with appropriate installation, can last up to 50 years.

Profiled sheet is a durable type of roofing material and can be safely used on roofs of great length. The sheet is attached to the crate with self-tapping screws with a sealing gasket, on any roof with an inclination angle of 10 °. At a small angle of inclination, the seams should be treated with sealant.

The relatively low price and ease of installation made it in demand in various areas of construction. Among the positive and negative properties of the material should be mentioned:

• advantages - ease of installation, lightness and high strength of the resulting structure;
• disadvantages - poor thermal insulation, dubious aesthetics of the finished roof.

Corrugated board, like other sheet metal roofing materials, is characterized by high noise, which is why the roof needs additional sound insulation.

Ondulin

For the production of ondulin sheets, pulp and paper fibers, refined bitumen and polymer resins are used. Ondulin sheets are painted in various colors with temperature-resistant paint. The material is used as a coating for residential buildings of one- and multi-storey buildings, agricultural facilities, as well as public facilities. The sheets have a wavy profile, length - 2000 mm, width - 950 mm. With a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm, its weight is only 6.5 kg. This, as well as ease of installation, allows you to do the roof yourself.

Sheets of ondulin are attached to the crate with special nails. It can be mounted on roofs with an angle of 6° or more, the step of the lathing elements is from 30 cm. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw, which simplifies working with it.

For all its attractiveness, ondulin, in addition to its positive properties, also has disadvantages:

• advantages - corrosion resistant, maintenance-free, safe for health and the environment, has good sound insulation;
• disadvantages - low level of fire safety, relatively short service life (up to 25 years).

Slate

Asbestos cement sheets, better known as slate, are characterized by high strength and durability. To date, both flat and wavy slate are on sale, as well as its painted version. Wavy slate is six-, seven- and eight-wave. A fairly heavy building material, with a length of 1750 mm and a width of 980 - 1130 mm, depending on the thickness, it can weigh up to 25 kg.

The slate is mounted on a crate made of timber with a cross section of 50 mm to 75 mm, in increments of 50 cm. If the roof slope is less than 22 °, then the crate must be reinforced. The slate is fastened with special roofing nails.

Pros and cons of slate:

• advantages - service life of about 40 years, low price, high fire resistance;
• disadvantages - fragility, low moisture resistance.

Given this, slate can only be used for outbuildings.

This roofing material is made of galvanized sheet steel, 05 and 0.7 mm thick, covered with a protective and decorative color coating. It can have both a completely flat surface and a wavy or trapezoidal profile, which serves to strengthen long sheets and minimizes the effect of deformation, which sometimes appears as a result of exposure to high temperatures. Sheets are available in various widths. The length is selected to the size of a particular slope. On small roofs (with a slope length of up to 10 m), one sheet can cover the entire length.

The roof got its name because of the way the individual elements are connected. The edges extending from the eaves to the ridge are joined by a standing seam, and the transverse edges of the roof slope are joined by a recumbent seam. The connection can be single or double. During installation, the side edges are joined with a fold, moving from the eaves to the ridge. With special fasteners (clamps), the panels are attached to the crate.

Seam roofing is used in residential and industrial construction. Her strengths and weaknesses:

• advantages - high flexibility and low weight, aesthetics, no risk of fire, immunity to low temperatures;
• disadvantages - the complexity of installation, noise.

When selecting roofing materials and analyzing their properties, one should take into account the severity of certain atmospheric phenomena in a given region of the country (wind force, intensity of rain and snow). For example, the roofs of houses in mountainous areas must have a large angle of inclination in order to easily get rid of snow. In areas where strong gusty winds are common, it is advisable to choose heavy-duty roofing materials rather than lightweight metal roofing.

Soft roof and its varieties

There are several varieties of soft roofs on the building materials market, which are widely used both on the roofs of industrial buildings and in private construction, especially on roofs with a large number of architectural elements.

Flexible tiles - fiberglass plus bitumen

Bituminous tiles, often also called shingles, shingles, etc., resemble classic roofing material in structure. Technically, it differs little from it, since its design also uses a core in the form of a solid base (cellulose, fiberglass or plastic), which is impregnated with bituminous mass and covered with stone chips. The advantage of bituminous tiles is the possibility of its installation on roofs of any configuration.

Suitable for most roofs with a slope of 12°. If we are talking about the upper limit, then the roof can be very steep, up to vertical planes. A flexible tile is attached to a solid crate made of plywood or OSB-boards. A brief description of:

• advantages - resistance to the negative effects of weather conditions, various kinds of deformation, simple installation that does not require special skills and equipment, good sound insulation, long service life;
• disadvantages - it is difficult to replace one element, heats up quickly under the scorching sun, a rather high price.

Roll built-up roofing

It consists of two layers of bitumen, between which a carrier base is placed, then a polymer layer and a mineral dressing on top. Polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass is used as the basis. The main scope of rolled roofing materials is industrial construction, utility buildings. The optimal slope of the slope for one layer is 9 - 22 °, for two layers 3 - 15 °.

Roofing strips are welded onto a cleaned surface treated with a bitumen-based primer using a burner. Each strip should overlap the previous one by at least 10 cm. A high-quality deposited material can last up to 30 years.

This is perhaps the most budget option for roofing - all types of bitumen-based rolled roofing materials are characterized by a low price. The pros and cons of this material are as follows:

• advantages - good vapor permeability, lightness, environmental friendliness;
• disadvantages - low fire resistance, not very attractive appearance.

This product is a kind of new generation roll materials. PVC, TYPE and EPDM membranes are produced. The nominal thickness of the products is 1.80 mm, 2.20 mm 2.50 mm (in this case, the homogeneous waterproof layer of the membrane has a thickness of 1.20, 1.50 and 1.80 mm, respectively). Dimensions 2*20 m.

Sealing is carried out by welding with hot air, without the use of additional preparations. Thanks to this, the connection is homogeneous, its strength is higher than the strength of the material itself, and the seam itself retains all the advantages of the base material. The production of materials is carried out in compliance with high environmental standards. If the roof slope is more than 10°, then the membrane is fixed mechanically. The main pros and cons of the material:

• advantages - resistance to mechanical stress, water resistance, ease of installation;
• disadvantages - increased requirements for the base, exposure to aggressive chemicals.

Self-leveling roofing - applied directly to concrete

With the help of a self-leveling roof, a single (without joints), elastic, light and durable (up to 15 years) coating is created. To cover flat roofs, bituminous-rubber or polyurethane (from polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomers) masses are used. All of them are supplied ready for use in construction.

A prerequisite for a good coating is adequate preparation of the substrate. It must be durable, with a homogeneous structure, before starting work it must be cleaned, leveled and primed. On flat roofs, reinforcement can be dispensed with. If the angle of inclination is more than 2 °, then in order to avoid draining the mass, the surface is reinforced (with fiberglass tapes, a mesh of polyamide, polyester or polypropylene). In any case, the use of reinforcement increases the life of the roof. In addition to the advantages, the material also has some disadvantages:

• advantages - no seams, perfect fit to the base, ease of use and relatively low price;
• disadvantages - increased requirements for the base.

Like other building materials, the main types of roofing materials, in addition to undeniable individual advantages, are not without some drawbacks. Therefore, when choosing a roof covering, you should carefully analyze the conditions in which the building will be operated.

As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that give the building a complete image, crown it, decorate it. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain, hail, snow, solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of the house should not only be beautiful, but also, first of all, a durable, reliable and practical construction.

The importance of proper construction

When erecting any structure, even the simplest, it is imperative to know and strictly follow certain construction rules. So, all the standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are spelled out in the document "SP 17.13330.2011", which is the current updated version of another document "SNiP II-26-76". The requirements contained in these rules are valid throughout the territory of our country and apply to the construction of roofs of all possible compositions in buildings of various purposes. The document contains a list of permitted roofing materials and requirements for them.

The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.

These requirements must be strictly followed not only when building a new house, but also when reconstructing or overhauling the roofs of buildings with roofs made of these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case, the erected roof will be reliable, and living in the house will be safe.

Description

The roof is such a final link of the roof, its finishing coating, which performs protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be waterproof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, and meet fire safety requirements.

When choosing a roof covering, consider factors such as:

• roof shape;
• features of the truss system;
• roof pitch,
• climatic conditions.

Classification

How the roof of the building will look externally is determined even before the start of all work.

All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the slope and the number of side planes, called slopes:

• flat roofs;
• roofs with one or more slopes.

A flat roof is a rectangular, flat area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in modern housing construction is used only when it is planned to be used additionally. For example, to equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water can occur on it, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.

Undoubtedly, pitched roofs are more practical, although they are more costly and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that the main enemy of the roof - water easily flows down the slopes of the roof, without lingering and without causing harm.

Depending on the features of the roofing system, pitched roofs come with either an attic or an attic. An attic is a room organized directly under the roof and suitable for habitation. The attic differs from the second floor with low walls (no more than 1.5 m). The existing varieties of pitched roofs are divided into types depending on the design features.

Pitched roofs are as follows:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• hip;
• half hip;
• tent;

• multi-forceps;
• broken lines;
• domed;
• conical;
• combined.

The most inexpensive and simple single-slope design in the device. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. A shed roof has a flat roof supported by walls of varying heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is the absence of at least some attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.

The form of a gable roof has come down to us from time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for a one-story house, especially in rural areas. There is only one explanation for this - practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and at different angles of inclination, be equal in length and not quite. This shape of the roof makes it easy to create an attic or attic under it.

The design has two slopes, united on the end sides by gables, and on top with a “ridge”, which strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.

Gables are mandatory and very important elements of a gable roof. They close the space between the slopes, thereby protecting the attic from the effects of wind and precipitation. The slopes of the roof rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be an attic wall.

The hip roof is obtained from a gable structure by replacing the gables with two more slopes having the shape of a triangle. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. At the top of one of the hips is a hatch called a dormer window. In fact, a hip roof is a hipped structure, difficult to build, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane winds or heavy rain.

If the pediments of a gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the pediment is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then a semi-hinged roof will be obtained. In terms of design, a building with a similar roof takes on an interesting appearance.

The hipped form is also a type of hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips) depending on the shape of the support. There is no ridge, and the hips converge at one point with amazingly perfect accuracy, forming a tent over the building. Buildings with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.

The design of such a roof is complex, but nevertheless it makes it possible to create structures that are unique in appearance.

The sloping type of roof is often called a mansard roof. This is a cost-effective design, as it allows you to organize additional living space.

Domed, as well as conical roof shapes, are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time. The use of this form implies a round structure under the roof. Often such roofs cover not the whole building, but its individual parts. For example, an oval-shaped terrace or some decorative elements: towers, rotundas.

Combined roofs have the most complex structure. In fact, they are combinations of different types of roofs, which gives a lot of room for design ideas. Such structures are difficult to build, not easy to maintain. However, it is the combined roofs that can increasingly be found on modern cottages.

All coverage options

In modern construction of private residential buildings, the following types of roofing materials are used:

• roll;
• mastic;
• membrane;
• leafy;
• piece or set.

Rolled coatings include roofing felt and roofing felt known to all. These coatings are made from polymeric and bituminous materials. As a reinforcing base, layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used. Such a coating can be used for roofing both on flat and pitched roofs.

A feature of the application is a continuous crate of wooden rafters. Glued plywood panels turned upside down can be used as solid flooring. The slope of the roof should be 10-30 degrees. Roofing material is attached to the flooring in a hot way: the roll is heated and rolled out on the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is laid in several layers. Moreover, if a flat roof with a wooden floor is covered, then for the purposes of fire safety, the first layer is nailed, and the next one is already welded.

Repairing such a roof is simple: the old coating is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.

Roll materials also include such modern roofing as bituminous tiles. This is fiberglass with bituminous impregnation. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other hand, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The panel is easily bent, therefore it is able to easily, without much effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to this property, shingles are increasingly being used for roofing on non-standard roofs.

Roll coatings have their advantages and disadvantages.

The benefits include the following:

• high sound insulation;
• thermal insulation;
• frost resistance;
• small mass;
• no corrosion.

The main disadvantages are that:

• the coating may tear, crack;
• roofing material and roofing felt are subject to decay over time;
• the material is flammable;
• under the influence of sunlight, the coating fades.

Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs due to the fact that it is a bulk material. It is easy to install. On a pre-prepared, dried base, covered, for example, with fiberglass, several layers of mastic are applied. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a uniform thickness of the coating.

Mastic roofs are of three types, such as:

• reinforced;
• unreinforced;
• combined.

The advantages of mastic roofing are as follows:

• cheaper than roll materials;
• high moisture protection indicators;
• quickly mounted;
• tightness;
• fire resistance;
• thermal stability, since the roof withstands temperature changes from -40 to +100 degrees.

Membrane roofs are made from a film made from a special polymer. Membrane coatings are used mainly on flat roofs. Film sheets, called membranes, are laid out on the surface with an overlap and attached to each other by exposure to hot air or using special adhesive tape. The membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.

Such a roof has a high strength. It is quick and easy to install. But, rather expensive material quickly fades under the action of sunlight.

Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made of sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, asbestos plywood are attached to a wooden crate with self-tapping screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The slope angle should be 18-30 degrees.

Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the action of sunlight, and does not pass electric current. The slope angle should be 8-20 degrees.

Ondulin are cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at high values ​​of state parameters, such as pressure and temperature. Since there are no asbestos compounds in the composition of the material, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing materials.

Decking is called metal sheets coated with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional soundproofing is required.

There are three brands of corrugated board.

• Mark H. It has a large bearing capacity, used for horizontal structures.
• Mark C. Used for vertical structures.
• HC brand. A versatile material that can be used for both horizontal and vertical applications.

At the same time, profiled sheets of grades H and HC are more suitable for roofing. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees. When buying a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of profile, as well as its protective coating.

The metal tile is a slate-like galvanized sheet coated with a polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire resistant, and not afraid of heat changes. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the action of sunlight, and is prone to corrosion. It cracks easily if not transported properly.

Asbofanera is as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but will not last long, because it can become damp. To enhance the water resistance, the asbestos plywood coating will have to be periodically painted over.

Perhaps, all the shortcomings of sheet coverings are taken into account in a new, modern material - composite tiles. This is a sheet roofing, which is steel sheets coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the action of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is fastened with forged nails.

Composite tiles can last half a century, but during the construction of the roof it will be necessary to provide a vapor barrier, since composite tiles do not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material has a high cost.

Type-setting or piece roofing includes such coatings as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful in appearance, having all the possible advantages, having almost a century of service life, tiles are not the most common roofing material. Tiled roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite structures and requires a reinforced truss system and high-quality crates.

Color solutions

Choosing the right roof color for your home can be tricky.

In doing so, the following factors must be taken into account:

• location of the building;
• climatic conditions;
• color scheme of the facade;
• the color of adjacent buildings.

Most often there are roofs of the following colors:

• brown;
• red;
• burgundy;
• dark green;
• black.

The prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors are well combined with facades of various types and colors. When choosing a roof color, you need to understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so a dark roof will heat up in the heat of summer.

For this reason, dark roofs are more often used in northern regions. While in the southern regions light roofing materials are used more. Bright colors on roofing look very impressive, but fade quickly and are used only for buildings built without architectural frills.

When choosing a color scheme for a roof, it must be remembered that shades of the same spectrum are always win-win combined with each other. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is made in warm colors. Cold colors are combined with cold shades. The combination of natural shades with beige and brown colors, as well as with ocher, is considered a classic.

An interesting facade is needed for a gray roof, otherwise the house will look boring.

Manufacturers overview

The modern construction market offers a huge selection of roofing coatings from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The most famous brands of roofing that are in demand and have proven themselves in the modern construction market can be classified by country of origin.

• Germany is represented by such three well-known manufacturers as:

1. the Lafarge concern is famous for its Braas brand roofing;
2. the Crotop concern produces accessories for roofs;
3. Creaton manufactures ceramic tiles.

• The Spanish company Cupa Natural Slate produces roofing slates of the Cupa brand.
• The Italian company Tegola Canadese produces shingles based on bituminous Tegola brand.
• The French company OFIC SA produces roofing materials of the Onduline brand;
• The French company Terreal produces ceramic tiles of the Terreal brand.

• Popular Finnish manufacturers are the following:

1. Lemminkainen manufactures bitumen roofing, mastics, roll coverings and shingles under the Pikipika brand;
2. Katepal OY produces roofing and waterproofing coatings under the Ruflex brand;
3. Weckman Steel OY manufactures Weckman brand metal roofing and corrugated board.

• Among Russian manufacturers, the most famous are the following:

1. trading house "Omi" produces roofing coverings of the same name;
2. TechnoNIKOL manufactures shingles shingles;
3. Supron LLC produces Suprn brand roofing from environmentally friendly components.

Do not lag behind in a variety of types, types and colors and Chinese roofing.

• Chinese-made coatings are as follows:

1. metal - made of copper, zinc, galvanized steel;
2. mineral - from crushed natural stone;
3. organic - bitumen, polymers, wood shingles, straw are used for production.

The most popular Chinese metal tile made of cold-rolled galvanized steel. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. Can last up to 100 years.

Accessories and tools

To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the right fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. It is also necessary to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing.

To mount the roof, you will need tools such as:

• carpenter's hammer;
• a construction stapler for attaching a vapor barrier sheet;
• a medium-sized hacksaw with a blade length of up to 40 centimeters;
• construction cord for leveling the roof;
• contrasting color marker for marking;
• screwdriver with suitable nozzles;
• pliers.

How to make your own?

Since roofing does not require special equipment, they can be done independently.

Roofing works can be divided into three stages, namely:

• design;
• erection of the truss system;
• roofing.

At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.

The decisive factors will be:

• climatic conditions: a lot of snow and rain - the slope is steep, strong winds - on the contrary, gentle;
• type of roofing material. For example, when using shingles, the angle of inclination must be at least 22 degrees, because otherwise rainwater will seep through the joints.

The rafter system is the most important part of the roof and is a system of inclined rails called rafter legs, vertically arranged racks and inclined struts. Rafters provide roof stability, give reliability to the roof, redistribute the load on the entire building. The location of the elements of the truss system is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one truss system, a hip roof will have another.

When building a roof yourself, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the technology of mounting rafters can result in a collapse of the roof.

After the truss structure is ready, they begin to mount the roofing pie, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing pie serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat loss, and prevents condensation from forming.

It consists of the following elements:

• vapor barrier;
• insulation layer;
• waterproofing;
• counterlattice;
• ventilated space;
• crate;
• roofing material.

To properly mount the roofing pie, you must perform a certain algorithm of actions.

• From the side of the attic, a vapor barrier membrane film is attached to the rafters with a stapler, placing it with the outlet side inside the attic. The seams between the panels of the film are glued with adhesive tape. This is the first layer of the pie.
• The second layer is laid on top - this is a heater, which is better to choose according to the criterion "on fire - does not burn."
• The third layer is a waterproofing film, which covers the insulation on top. It is fixed with a stapler, the seams are glued with tape.
• At the next step, a counter-lattice is nailed to the rafters. A counter-lattice or counter-beam is a beam that provides roof ventilation. Thanks to the counter-lattice, a free space is formed between the insulation layer and the crate, allowing air to circulate freely.

• A crate is nailed to the counter-beam, that is, boards to which the roof will be attached. In this case, the material of the roof is taken into account: for flexible tiles, continuous flooring is required, for slate - sparse.
• Lay and fix the coating, using the instructions from the manufacturer.
• Auxiliary roofing structures are installed: snow retainers, gutters.

How to carry out the installation of the roof, see the following video.

• roofing material is chosen when designing the truss system;
• the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the roof;
• a roof with two or four slopes can be covered with any roofing;
• when buying roofing materials, it is imperative to take installation instructions from the seller;
• tiles are used if the values ​​​​of the angle of inclination of the roof are in the range from 30 to 60 degrees;
• if the slope is an angle of 8 to 18 degrees, it is more advisable to use bituminous coatings;

• steel sheets must be painted every 10 years. The paint will protect the roof from corrosion;
• multi-gable roofs are covered with flexible coatings: corrugated board, bitumen, metal tiles;
• installation of metal tiles begins with the end of the roof. The first sheets are attached to the rafters with one self-tapping screw, screwed into the fold of the wave. This will ensure the mobility of the sheet and allow it to be leveled if necessary. The metal tile can be mounted at any time of the year;
• all types of slate are overlapped using a hinged mount;
• asbestos-cement slate is laid regardless of air temperature, while ondulin and PVC slate become brittle in frost;

• dry, warm weather is necessary for laying roll coatings;
• soft tiles begin to be laid from the eaves;
• before you start laying a roof of ceramic tiles, it will be useful to first practice. Tiles have a special locking system;
• elements of cement-sand tiles have ready-made holes for nails;
• before starting work, it is necessary to take care of fire-retardant and antiseptic impregnation of all wooden roof elements.

The general rules for working with roofing material are as follows:

• cutting is done on the ground. If, nevertheless, it became necessary to cut off the material, already being on the roof, then sawdust must be removed;
• before starting installation, it is necessary to examine the plane of the roof on which the material will be laid. It must have a flat and clean surface;
• work is performed in soft shoes to feel the surface;
• before the final fixing, it is impossible to step on the sheets;
• work begins with the processing of obstacles - chimneys, dormer windows;
• the coating elements are fixed using the fasteners recommended by the manufacturer.

By following the instructions and safety requirements attached to the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

When considering any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of the house, its appearance always remains the pride of its owner.

Properly selected roofing can become an adornment of even the most nondescript building.

• In the modern world, cubic-shaped houses are gaining great popularity. The cube house has a flat roof. It is not only beautiful and unusual, but also practical. On a flat roof, you can arrange a recreation area with a terrace and a green lawn.
• A shed roof can become a decoration of a two- or three-story private house. With the right choice of color scheme, unusual and interesting options are obtained.

• The asymmetric gable roof on a one-story or two-story private house looks original. The appearance of the building is immediately perceived differently.

There are many options for asymmetrical roofing:

1. Arrange the slopes at different angles.
2. Make slopes of different widths.
3. If the house has several floors, then lengthen one slope, turning it into a canopy.
4. Build a veranda under one of the slopes.

• The use of soft tiles as a coating surprisingly transforms a gable roof.
• The arrangement of viewing windows on the slopes of the roof gives the whole structure originality.

• Several different types of roofs look impressive on the same building.

A gable roof is well combined with a hip roof:

1. The slope is located above the pediment. In addition to the original appearance, such a constructive solution makes it possible to equip a room in the attic.
2. The slope is located under the pediment. Small windows located on the gables will decorate such a roof.

• The appearance of the attic roof becomes more spectacular when the angle of inclination of the rafters changes.
• The decoration of the design of the house will be the device of a canopy over the balcony in the form of a sloping mansard roof.

To make the house extraordinary, memorable, unlike others, the right color combinations of facade and roofing allow:

• buildings always look harmonious if they have a facade of light gray, white or lemon color, and a green roof, or a cream facade under a brown roof;
• combinations of blue, green, white walls under a black or gray roof look noble and expensive;
• if the buildings around are covered with brown and gray roofs, then the red roof will effectively distinguish the house from the crowd;
• a blue facade with gray or white elements under a gray roof looks elegant and modern;

• the classic combination is a dark top and a light bottom. The most common option. Light walls of the facade and contrasting color of the roof;
• tone-on-tone combination. The roof and walls of the same shade will give the building solidity and elegance;
• dark walls under a light roof. To prevent the roof from dissolving against the general background, it is necessary to repeat its color on windows, doors, gutters.