The main character of the story is not named. The main character in the story gooseberry chekhov

The master's story

When we lived in the city, we studied every day, only on Sundays and holidays we went for a walk and played with our brothers. Once the priest said:

- Older children need to learn to ride. Send them to the arena.

I was the smallest of all the brothers and asked:

- Can I study?

Father said:

- You will fall.

I began to ask him to teach me too, and almost cried.

Father said:

- Well, good, and you too. Just look: don't cry when you fall. Whoever never falls off a horse will never learn to ride.

When the middle came, the three of us were taken to the arena. We entered a large porch, and from the large porch we went to a small porch. And under the porch was a very large room. There was sand in the room instead of the floor. And gentlemen and ladies and boys like us rode around this room. This was the arena. The arena was not entirely bright and smelled of horses, and you could hear the whips, shouting at the horses, and the horses clattering their hooves against the wooden walls.

At first I was scared and could not see anything. Then our uncle called owner and said:

- Give these boys horses, they will learn to ride.

The rider said:

- Good.

Then he looked at me and said:

- This one is very small.

And the uncle said:

- He promises not to cry when he falls.

The rider laughed and left.

Then they brought three saddled horses; we took off our greatcoats and went down the stairs to the arena, the cord and the brothers rode around him.

At first they rode at a walk, then at a trot. Then they brought a little horse. She was red and her tail was cut off. Her name was Chervonchik. The rider laughed and told me:

- Well, gentleman, sit down.

I was both happy and afraid, and tried to do so that no one would notice. For a long time I tried to get my foot in the stirrup, but I could not, because I was too small. Then the bereiter lifted me up in his arms and sat me down. He said:

- The master is not heavy - pounds two, no more.

At first he held my hand; but I saw that the brothers were not being held, and asked to be allowed in. He said:

- Aren't you afraid?

I was very scared, but I said I was not. I was more afraid because Chervonchik kept his ears drawn together. I thought he was angry with me.

The rider said:

- Well, look, don't fall! - and let me go.

At first, Chervonchik walked at a pace, and I kept upright. But the saddle was slippery, and I was afraid to curl up.

The rider asked me:

- Well, have you established yourself?

I told him:

- Has established itself.

- Well, now trot! - and the bereitor clicked his tongue.

Chervonchik ran at a small trot, and he began to throw me up. But I kept silent and tried not to curl up on my side. The rider praised me:

- Oh yes, gentleman, good!

I was very happy about that.

At this time, his friend came up to the master and began to talk to him, and the master stopped looking at me.

Only suddenly I felt that I was curled up a little on the side of the saddle. I wanted to get better, but I couldn't. I wanted to shout to the boss to stop, but I thought that it would be a shame if I did it, and I was silent. The raider did not look at me. Chervonchik kept running at a trot, and I knocked even more on my side. I looked at the master and thought that he would help me; and he kept talking to his comrade and, without looking at me, said:

- Well done, gentleman!

I was already completely on my side and was very scared. I thought I was lost. But I was ashamed to shout.

Chervonchik shook me again, I completely slipped and fell to the ground. Then Chervonchik stopped, the bereiter looked around and saw that I was not on Chervonchik. He said:

- That's it! My gentleman fell, - and came up to me.

When I told him that I was not hurt, he laughed and said:

- The baby's body is soft.

And I wanted to cry.

I asked to be seated again, and they seated me. And I didn't fall anymore.

So we went to the arena twice a week, and I soon learned to ride well and was not afraid of anything.

How a boy talked about how he stopped being afraid of the blind beggars

When I was little, I was frightened by the blind beggars, and I was afraid of them.

Once I came home, and there were two blind beggars sitting on the porch. I didn't know what to do; I was afraid to run back and was afraid to pass them: I thought that they would grab me.

Suddenly one of them (his eyes were white as milk) got up, took my hand and said:

- Boy! What is charity?

I broke free from him and ran to my mother. She sent money and bread with me.

The beggars rejoiced at the bread, began to be baptized and ate. Then the beggar with white eyes said:

- Your good bread - God save.

And he again took my hand and felt it.

I felt sorry for him, and since then I have ceased to be afraid of the blind beggars.

Foundling

The poor woman had a daughter, Masha. In the morning Masha went to fetch water and saw that there was something wrapped in rags by the door. Masha put down the buckets and unrolled the rags. When she touched the rags, something screamed out of them: wow! ya! ya! Masha bent down and saw that it was a little red child. He shouted loudly: wow! ya! Masha took him in her hands and carried him into the house, and began to drink milk from a spoon.

Mother said:

- What did you bring?

Masha said:

- Baby, I found it at our door.

Mother said:

- We are already poor, where can we feed another child; I will go to the chief and tell them to take him in.

Masha burst into tears and said:

- Mother, he won't eat much, leave him alone. Look at what red, wrinkled hands and fingers he has.

Mother looked, she felt sorry. She left the baby.

Masha fed and swaddled the baby, and sang songs to him when he went to bed.

LIKE ME
LEARNED HORSE RIDING

(Story
master)

When we lived in the city, we
studied every day, only on Sundays and holidays went for a walk and
played with brothers. Once the priest said: “Older children must learn to ride
on horseback. Send them to the arena. " I was the smallest of all the brothers and asked: “Can I
to study?" Father said: "You will fall." I began to ask him to me too
taught, and almost cried. Father said: “Well, good, you too. Only
look: don't cry when you fall. Whoever never falls off a horse will never learn
to ride a horse. "

When the middle came, we
three were taken to the arena. We entered the large porch, and from the large porch passed
on a small porch. And under the porch was a very large room. In the room
there was sand instead of the floor. And gentlemen and ladies and such
same boys like us. This was the arena. The arena was not quite light and smelled
horses, and you could hear whips flapping, horses shouting, and horses knocking
hooves on wooden walls. At first I was scared and could not see anything.
Then our uncle called the caretaker and said: “Give these boys horses,
they will learn to ride. " The rider said, "Good."

Then he looked at me and
said: "This one is very small." And the uncle said: “He promises not to cry when
will fall. " The rider laughed and left.

Then they brought three
saddled horses; we took off our greatcoats and went down the stairs to the arena, bereitor
held the horse by the lane 1, and the brothers rode around him.

At first they rode at a pace,
then trot. Then they brought a little horse. She was red and had a tail
circumcised. Her name was Chervonchik. The rider laughed and told me: “Well, gentleman,
sit down". I was happy, and afraid, and tried to do so that no one would
noticed. I tried for a long time to get my foot in the stirrup, but could not, because I was too small. Then the bereiter lifted me up in his arms and sat me down. He said: "The master is not heavy, - two pounds, there will be no more."

At first he held my hand; but I saw that the brothers were not being held, and asked to be allowed in. He said: "Aren't you afraid?" I was very afraid, but I said that I was not. I was more afraid because Chervonchik kept his ears drawn together. I thought he was angry with me. The rider said: "Well, look, don't fall!" - and let me go. At first, Chervonchik walked at a pace, and I kept upright. But the saddle was slippery, and I was afraid to curl up. The rider asked me: "Well, have you established yourself?" I told him: "I have established myself." - "Well, now trot!" - and the bereitor clicked his tongue.

Chervonchik ran at a small trot, and he began to throw me up. But I kept silent and tried not to curl up on my side. The breeder praised me: "Oh yes, gentleman, good!" I was very happy about that.

At that time his friend came up to the master and began to talk to him, and the master stopped looking at me.

Only suddenly I felt that I was curled up a little on the side of the saddle. I wanted to get better, but I couldn't. I wanted to shout to the boss to stop, but I thought that it would be a shame if I did it, and I was silent. The raider did not look at me. Chervonchik kept running at a trot, and I knocked even more on my side. I looked at the master and thought that he would help me; and he kept talking to his comrade and, without looking at me, said: "Well done, gentleman!" I was already completely on my side and was very scared. I thought I was lost. But I was ashamed to shout. Chervonchik shook me again, I completely slipped and fell to the ground. Then Chervonchik stopped, the bereiter looked around and saw that I was not on Chervonchik. He said: “Here you go! my gentleman has fallen down, ”and came up to me. When I told him that I was not hurt, he laughed and said: "The baby's body is soft." And I wanted to cry. I asked to be seated again, and they seated me. And I didn't fall anymore.

So we went to the arena twice a week, and I soon learned to ride well and was not afraid of anything.

1 Korda - a rope, in order to drive in a circle
horses. (Notes by L. N. Tolstoy.)

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

All the best tales and stories

Mother and daughter took out a bucket of water and wanted to carry it into the hut. The daughter said:

- It's hard to carry, let me salt a little water.

Mother said:

- You yourself will drink at home, and if you merge, you will have to go another time.

The daughter said:

- I will not drink at home, but here I will get drunk for the whole day.

Old grandfather and granddaughter

My grandfather became very old. His legs did not walk, his eyes did not see, his ears did not hear, he had no teeth. And when he ate, his mouth flowed back. The son and daughter-in-law stopped seating him at the table, and gave him dinner at the stove.

They took him to dinner once in a cup. He wanted to move her, but dropped and broke. The daughter-in-law began to scold the old man for spoiling everything in the house with them and beating the cups, and said that now she would give him lunch in the tub. The old man only sighed and said nothing.

Once a husband and wife are sitting at home and watching - their son is playing with boards on the floor - he is working on something. The father asked:

- What are you doing, Misha?

And Misha says:

- This is me, father, doing the pelvis. When you and your mother are old enough to feed you from this pelvis.

The husband and wife looked at each other and wept. They felt ashamed that they had offended the old man so much; and from then on they began to put him at the table and look after him.

Bone

The mother bought plums and wanted to give them to the children after dinner.

They were on a plate. Vanya never ate plums and smelled them all the time. And he liked them very much. I really wanted to eat. He kept walking past the sinks. When no one was in the upper room, he could not resist, grabbed one plum and ate it.

Before dinner, the mother counted the plums and sees that one is missing. She told her father.

At lunch, the father says:

- And what, children, has anyone eaten one plum?

Everybody said:

Vanya blushed like a cancer and said too:

- No, I didn't eat.

Then the father said:

- What any of you ate is not good; but that's not the problem. The trouble is that there are seeds in the plums, and if someone does not know how to eat them and swallows a bone, then he will die in a day. I'm afraid of that.

Vanya turned pale and said:

- No, I threw the bone out the window.

And everyone laughed, and Vanya began to cry.

Jacob's dog

One guard had a wife and two children - a boy and a girl. The boy was seven years old and the girl was five years old. They had a shaggy dog ​​with a white muzzle and large eyes.

Once the guard went into the forest and told his wife not to let the children out of the house, because the wolves walked around the house all night and rushed at the dog.

The wife said:

- Children, do not go to the forest, - and she sat down to work.

When his mother sat down to work, the boy said to his sister:

- Let's go to the forest, I saw an apple tree yesterday, and apples ripened on it.

The girl said:

- Let's go to.

And they ran into the forest.

When the mother finished working, she called the children, but they were not there. She went out onto the porch and began to click them. There were no children.

The husband came home and asked:

- Where are the children?

The wife said she didn't know.

Then the guard ran to look for the children.

Suddenly he heard a dog squealing. He ran there and saw that the children were sitting under the bush and crying, and the wolf grappled with the dog and gnawed at it. The guard grabbed an ax and killed the wolf. Then he took the children in his arms and ran home with them.

When they got home, the mother locked the door and they sat down to dinner.

Suddenly they heard a dog squealing at the door. They went outside and wanted to let the dog into the house, but the dog was covered in blood and could not walk.

The children brought her water and bread. But she did not want to drink or eat and only licked their hands. Then she lay down on her side and stopped screaming. The children thought the dog was asleep; and she died.

The protagonist of Viktor Dragunsky's story "... And what I don't like!" (which is a continuation of the story) - a boy named Denis. In this story, Deniska lists everything that he does not like.

Like many children, Denis does not like to treat teeth, read poetry, standing on a chair in front of the guests, eating an egg chatter.

He also doesn't like to wear new tough suits and doesn't like to lose. In games with guys, Denis categorically dislikes playing the roles of negative characters. In this case, he simply leaves the game. He also does not like the restriction of freedom: if in the game he is captured, then he will necessarily run away from him.

The hero of the story also does not like to be considered small and forced to play loaf at his birthday party. He also does not like when adults make comments to children or make noise in the evenings, when it’s time to sleep.

And Denis also does not like it when adult uncles and aunts voice children's roles on the radio, while talking in squeaky voices.

This is the summary of the story.

The main idea of ​​Dragunsky's story "... And what I don't like!" lies in the fact that children have a direct cast of character and do not know how to pretend. Therefore, they sincerely communicate to others what they like and what they do not like, in order to avoid contact with what they dislike.

The story teaches you to be attentive to children. Adults should be aware of what children do not like and, if necessary, clearly explain to them why it is sometimes necessary to have their teeth treated and what not to eat so that their teeth do not hurt. Explain why a wounded finger is smeared with brilliant green and why it is dangerous to spin underfoot in adults, especially if they have hot pots in their hands.

In the story, I liked the main character, the boy Deniska, who honestly tells the readers about what he doesn't like. Deniska is not a hypocrite, he does not cringe and does not grimace, he truthfully talks about himself.

What proverbs fit Dragoonsky's story "... And what I don't like!"

Live with reason, and no healers are needed.
Freedom is the most precious thing.
Where the harm comes from, there is dislike.

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Medical history.docx

Medical history Nikolai Ivanovich Chemshi-Himalayan

Symptoms ( what is the manifestation of his illness at the moment) : _________________________________________________________________________

How the disease developed and (if we can find out) what caused it

Selected document for viewing Lesson summary.docx

Lesson topic: A.P. Chekhov "Gooseberry". Responsibility of the hero for the choice of life philosophy

Subject: Expand the ideological content of the story of A.P. Chekhov "Gooseberry"

Answer the question: what to devote your life to; evoke a feeling of rejection of such a life as that of the hero of the story by A.P. Chekhov.

Be able to analyze a literary work (highlight the necessary quotes that prove certain thoughts, find vivid language means used by the writer to express his position).

Reason, prove your thoughts, speak.

- What is happiness?

HAPPINESS,-I; Wed A state of supreme satisfaction with life, a feeling of deep contentment and joy experienced by smb.; external manifestation of this feeling.

- How are the concepts related: happiness and the meaning of life?

- What is the meaning of human life? Reflect on this topic, write down your thoughts.

The problem of the meaning of life has always worried Russian writers, including A.P. Chekhov.

At the end of the 19th century, new features appeared in the views and moods of Chekhov. Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky spoke about Chekhov of that time: "As the atmosphere thickened and the matter approached the revolution, he becomes more and more decisive." At this time, Chekhov began to insistently say in his works that "it is no longer possible to live like this," that the time of great changes is already close, that the future is knocking at the door. More and more, the heroes of A.P. Chekhov are thinking about the question: how to live, what is the meaning of life. The same problem is touched upon in the story "Gooseberry" (from the trilogy "Man in a Case", "Gooseberry" and "On Love", written in 1898).

About creation history the story will tell us

The idea of ​​"Gooseberry" was born from the story of Anatoly Fedorovich Koni, a well-known lawyer and friend of Chekhov. He once told a story about a Petersburg official who had been saving money for a very expensive ceremonial uniform embroidered in gold for a long time. Finally, the uniform was sewn, but there was no suitable opportunity to put it on.

Throughout the winter, the thing was crumbled in the closet, and the gold embroidery was dull with mothballs. The uniform has lost its original luster. Six months later, his owner died and, by the evil mockery of fate, he was buried in the very uniform for which he had been saving for so long and which he had not put on during his lifetime.

Chekhov was very moved by this story, and now he is already making the first rough sketches. In them, a St. Petersburg official turns into an employee of the state chamber, who has been saving up all his life on an estate with a pond and gooseberry bushes.

Chekhov talks about Chimshe-Himalayan, who serves in the ward and dreams of his own estate more than anything else. His cherished desire is to become a landowner.

Chekhov's hero is profitable to marry, his wife dies, because in his pursuit of money, Chimsha-Himalayan starved her. Having collected the necessary money, the hero finally acquires the desired estate. And he fulfills one more of his cherished dreams, on the estate he plants gooseberries.

In the story "Gooseberry" Chekhov uses a skillful literary device - a story in a story, the story of Nikolai Ivanovich Chimsha-Himalayan we learn from his brother. And the eyes of the narrator Ivan Ivanovich are the eyes of Chekhov himself, thus he shows the reader his attitude towards such people as a newly made landowner.

Conversation with students.

— Today we will try to understand what happiness and the meaning of life are for A.P. Chekhov.

- Let's imagine that the story "Gooseberry" is a kind of medical history. Here came a patient to Doctor Chekhov - Nikolai Ivanovich. The doctor, as it should, will write down two things in his chart: 1) what is the manifestation of his illness at the moment; 2) how it developed and (if we can find out) what caused it. Try, based on the text of the story, to restore these two records 10 min ..

(“Symptoms of the disease”: Nikolai Ivanovich (according to his brother - someone may note this) has turned into a real pig. He pretends to be a master, speaks arrogantly about the common people, has grown fat, and he will “grunt into the blanket”, and most importantly, he is not interested in anything in life except gooseberries. All the happiness of his life is to eat his own gooseberries.

“Case history ": the desire to return to nature - the desire to buy your estate - the dreary service in the treasury chamber - greed - the dream of a gooseberry - marriage - the death of his wife - the purchase of an estate ( in the Chumboroklov Wasteland and proudly makes a postscript to the name "Himalayan identity" ) - gooseberry and "happiness".

Do you know who a rational hero is?

What impression did the "Himalayan identity" make on Nikolai Ivanovich? Why?

(instead of a clean pond, there is a yellow river, there is smog around because of the factories operating nearby, everywhere there are pits, ditches, fences, some absurdly planted Christmas trees.

How did he see his brother?

In the yard he is met by a fat lazy dog ​​and an unkempt cook swollen with fat. At first, Ivan Ivanovich does not recognize his brother. From a modest official, he turned into a typical master. Fat, lazy, self-righteous, he is engaged in litigation with the aforementioned factories, bypassing his estates and blissful idleness all day long.)

How did the painting that he saw in the "Himalayan identity" affect Ivan Ivanovich?

What is he calling the landowner Alyokhin for?

So what does A.P. Chekhov?

Read the statement by A.P. Chekhov. Were we able to correctly understand the idea of ​​the story?

At the beginning of the lesson, you wrote down your ideas about the meaning of human life. How do they compare with Chekhov's?

Has anything changed since the lesson?

Read the statement of the outstanding Russian literary critic Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev. How do they relate to the idea of ​​Chekhov's story?

- Of course, the main character of the story is Nikolai Ivanovich. But there are other heroes in the work. How do they appear before us?

Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin were imbued with love for this field, and both thought about how great, how beautiful this country is.

Alekhin.“He was wearing a white shirt that had not been washed for a long time, and dirt and straw also adhered to his boots. The nose and eyes were black with dust "(but, mind you, this does not cause a feeling of disgust and disgust - on the contrary, he is handsome in his work)

« Housemaid, a young woman, so beautiful ... "(not at all like the cook of Nikolai Ivanovich)

“Ivan Ivanovich threw himself into the water with a noise and swam in the rain, waving his arms widely, and waves were coming from him…. “Oh my god…” he repeated, enjoying himself. - Oh my god…"

What unites these heroes of the story?

All these heroes of the story have one thing in common: they see and love beauty, they love life, energetic, cheerful, they are not closed in their little world - these people are opposed to Nikolai Ivanovich. (reception of the antithesis) It is they who give confidence that they will not strangle our life to Nikolai Ivanovich.

Task 2. Try to determine when and where Nikolai Ivanovich was mistaken.
The first version, as a rule, is this: the end does not justify the means. Greed and callousness, long-term dreams all about only one estate and gooseberries destroyed the patient's soul. And when he seemed to be able to free himself and heal in full force, he no longer wanted anything but gooseberries.

Let us note by the way that Nikolai Ivanovich acquired an estate of 120 acres. Is it a lot or a little? This is a lot, because one tithe is 1.09 hectares, thus the size of the estate is more than 100 hectares. The territory seems to be large, but there is no park, no space, will, but there is a river of coffee color and two factories in the neighborhood. The hero, not paying attention to either the fences or the ditches, limited himself to buying twenty gooseberry bushes, which he was incredibly happy about. He grows his gooseberry, tastes its divine taste (in fact, the berries are sour and tasteless) and pays no attention to anything. The transformation has taken place: this is no longer "the former timid poor bureaucrat, but a real landowner, master."

Analysis of Chekhov's story Gooseberry essay grade 10

The protagonist of N. I. Chimsha-Himalayan story "Gooseberry" is a petty official who grew up in a village, but moved to the city. He has the brightest memories of his childhood, so buying his own estate becomes his goal in life. The presence of gooseberry bushes next to the future home seems especially important to him. He makes many sacrifices, infringes upon himself in trifles, marries a wealthy widow without love. As a result, he acquires a dilapidated estate. He plants gooseberries so that the next year he can eat sour berries with pleasure, not noticing that they are not tasty at all.

The story shows the degradation of one person who has forgotten about everything on his way to the goal. At the beginning, the dream itself looks romantic and touching: a man wants to find happiness in his own house, to enjoy gooseberries on the terrace. However, the methods and methods that the hero uses to achieve his goal make him forget about elementary humanity, conscience, compassion for his neighbor. For the sake of an unsightly estate, he actually kills his wife.

Is there any purpose for such sacrifices? During the time that Nikolai Ivanovich spent in pursuit of his dream, he grew old, flabby, became an insensitive, shameless person who did not notice the general desolation of the estate, who forgot about the death of his wife. The brother, seeing him in such a state, is upset that he has turned into such a pitiful person. For the protagonist, his dream becomes a "cocoon", a "case" in which he is fenced off from the whole world. In his small world, the most important thing is the satisfaction of personal, selfish needs.

The story teaches, first of all, not to forget about humanity, to evaluate your actions not only from the side of your own benefit. Also, do not forget that the purpose of life is not in material wealth. Nikolai Ivanovich, tasting sour and tough berries, does not notice their taste. For him, the external manifestation of his achievements is important, and not the internal, spiritual fulfillment from the path he has traveled.

The amazing and unique Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is famous for his unsurpassed stories that touch to the depths of the soul. The work "Gooseberry", where the writer decided to raise an important problem in the modern world: the problem of understanding happiness, is not deprived of a deep meaning either.

The thought that prompted Anton Pavlovich to write a story is an interesting case, told to a writer by one person. Chekhov was told about the official that all his life he dreamed of a chic uniform, as soon as he acquired it, there was nothing to wish for. Yes, and there was nowhere to go in a dress, since no one arranged ceremonial receptions. As a result, the suit lay until the gilding on it faded over time. So, such a story pushed the writer to create an unusual work, in which it makes the reader think about how meaningless happiness can be, especially the pursuit of it.

What is the peculiarity of this work? It is a story within a story. Chekhov introduces us to a character that is far from the concept of the meaning of life. Nikolai Ivanovich is an ordinary person who does not require particularly high desires, only the only thing that interests him: gooseberries. The character looked through many newspapers about where to find a good farm for growing gooseberries. He did not even marry for love, for the money that Nikolai Ivanovich received for the marriage was such a decent amount that it was possible to carry out his intentions about a comfortable estate. In the garden, he longs to germinate this beautiful creation.

Such activities became the meaning of his life. The hero completely devoted himself to his favorite pastime. On the one hand, it is wonderful: to devote yourself to a fascinating business, to go headlong into it. But on the other hand: it is very sad to realize what your hobbies lead to, because by paying attention to a hobby, moving away from people, you abstract from the world around you. And such an appeal to life does not lead to anything positive, because, as a hero, leaving with thoughts in his low goal, after achieving it, you no longer strive for something worthwhile.

Nikolai Ivanovich, considering that the gooseberry is his main achievement, was so happy and glad for this that he did not set any further goals. It's very tragic. So it is in our life: we often have false ideas about happiness, about the true meaning of life. And this must be corrected by reading Chekhov's stories and analyzing them!

Thus, Chekhov showed the degradation of the character to the readers. It was evident how in the process of achieving the intended goal the soul of Nikolai Ivanovich became callous. He was so indifferent to the life around him that he lived in solitude, secluded, spending his time uselessly. Looking at the spiritual fall of the hero, it is worth making the right conclusions! Happiness should be sublime! No one should be complacent about what they have achieved!

Analysis of Chekhov's story Gooseberry

Several interesting compositions

"Mtsyri" belongs to one of Lermontov's successful poems, it can be considered an example of Russian romantic poetry.

In literature lessons, we studied the wonderful work of Griboyedov Woe from Wit. Its meaning is reflected in the name itself. Throughout the comedy, we observe Famusov and Chatsky, their actions, thoughts and lifestyle.

It is worth thinking about littering the ground and air first. After all, even a small piece of paper, a candy wrapper can cause harm

A person's age does not influence his formation into such categories as experience and mistakes. Nobody is immune from them. However, the degree of responsibility is different for everyone. In other words, someone takes it very close to heart, someone does not.

Each person answers this question in his own way, since it is impossible to give an exact definition of it. Everyone thinks and feels differently, so the manifestation of love is also individual for everyone.

The story of A.P. Chekhov's "On Love". Chekhov's analysis "On Love"

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is one of the brightest representatives of Russian literature. His works are distinguished by their brevity, incredible capacity and richness of philosophical content, which is confirmed by Chekhov's analysis. "On Love" fully reflects the writing style and contains all the basic artistic techniques of the author.

What is a story?

Before starting to analyze Chekhov's story "About Love", it is necessary to understand what the genre of this work is.

The story is an epic genre, characterized by a small volume and unity of events. Most often, the story tells not about the whole life of a person, but about some specific moment of it that influenced the fate of the hero. Also, the author in this genre is always aimed at the maximum brevity of the presentation of his idea.

It is impossible to begin a creative analysis of Chekhov without describing the content of the work. "About Love", like all of the writer's stories, has a fascinating and unusual storytelling.

The main character Alekhine has a maid Pelageya, who is in love with the hooligan and drunkard Nikanor, the cook. The girl does not want to get married, and the beloved cannot live with her in sin because of his piety. This often gives rise to quarrels between them.

As a direct witness to what is happening, Alekhine starts to talk about love. In his opinion, this feeling does not tolerate any laws and manifests itself in each person in its own way. However, the Russian person constantly strives to complicate everything, so he cannot just love and make attempts to introduce some kind of rules.

Then Alekhine talks about his love. His story began in the Sofyino estate, where he arrived after graduation. However, after his death, his father left a considerable debt with his property, so Alekhine had to start working.

The hero's affairs are gradually getting better, and he is elected to the magistrate. Now Alekhine often travels to the city, which gives him considerable pleasure: communication with society attracts him. Alekhine even has a friend - Luganovich, in whose wife, Anna Alekseevna, the hero falls in love. In the Luganovich family, the young man is welcome, he is close to a married couple. The spouses show concern and care about him, they even offer to lend money in order to return to creditors. However, Alekhine refuses.

The hero is tormented by the thought of how Anna Alekseevna could marry such an ordinary person as Luganovich. Anna herself falls in love with a young man, but both of them are forced to hide their feelings. Over time, the seed couple have children, Alekhin continues to visit friends, goes for a walk with Anna Alekseevna and to the theater, which causes impartial gossip.

Anna's character begins to change, the woman becomes irritable, nervous, ironic-sarcastic, she realizes that she is doomed to a further unhappy life. Soon the Luganovichi decide to move to the western province. Anna goes first, and Alekhine volunteers to accompany her. When the woman gets on the train, the hero realizes that she has forgotten the basket. He goes to the compartment to return the left thing, and then Anna kisses him. The heroes hug, cry and confess their feelings, they finally understand that all the obstacles that prevent them from being together are ridiculous. Alekhine passes one station with Anna, then gets off the train and returns home. From that moment on, the hero lives as before, works hard and does not try to make his existence happy.

The main character

It is also necessary to consider the image of the hero before starting the analysis of Chekhov. "About Love" is a monologue story. We hear only the voice of the protagonist, the author does not manifest himself at all.

The main character of the story is Pavel Konstantinovich Alekhin. He is an intelligent, decent and intelligent person. His life is bleak and lonely. In support of his reasoning that love has no laws, the hero tells the story of his love. It was moral laws and doubts about the correctness of their actions that prevented him and Anna from being together. But all the time while the married couple lived in the city, the beloved were unbearably tormented and suffering. And the understanding that love has no barriers came too late and brought only new pain.

In this story, the realism of life is tragic, as in many others that Chekhov wrote. The work "On Love" is not filled with joy and happiness, as the name suggests, but loneliness, pain and despair.

Analysis of the work

Love defies any rule, and here human experience is completely useless. And as always, Chekhov remains true to himself, he does not teach anyone anything. The writer dispassionately tells the stories of human lives, and the reader has the right to draw a conclusion himself. That is why his author's position is so difficult to define.

The story we are considering is part of the whole, which is Chekhov's trilogy. "About Love", along with the works "Gooseberry" and "Man in a Case", is included in a cycle united by three heroes-storytellers.

Thus, Chekhov's story "About Love" is a complex philosophical work that reveals the meaning of human feelings, but does not give a clear answer to the question of what love is.

The main characters of the story "Ionych"

Ideological meaning of the work

The story "Ionych", written by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, refers to the late period of the author's work. Most of the works of this period are characterized by a dramatic and even tragic orientation. The story is saturated with sadness and loneliness and vividly reflects the contrast between dreams and reality. The author was able to masterfully reveal this topic using the example of a young doctor Dmitry Ionovich Startsev. Just by telling the story of a person, Chekhov showed the enormous injustice of life: the harmony that every person strives for is unusually easy to destroy, the fault is not some global catastrophe, not illness, not fate, but the person himself. The main characters of the story "Ionych" by Chekhov each strive for their own dream. Each of the characters strives to achieve their goal. Startsev dreams of finding stability and family happiness. Ekaterina Turkina dreams of freedom, career as an artist, personal development. Her parents dream of the happiness and well-being of their daughter. But not all dreams are destined to come true.

Characteristics of the main characters

The main characters of the work "Ionych" are not specific images, but only collective characters. Zemsky doctor Dmitry Ionovich Stratsev- a young, enthusiastic, educated person, but not striving for high goals. However, he knows exactly what he wants and will certainly achieve it. This image is key in the work, it is his patronymic that the story is named. Startsev is a rather simple and open person, he has no hidden thoughts and desires. He is not accustomed to bend his soul and go against his feelings. If he is in love, it means that he directly says that he wants to marry. If he is disappointed, he does not want to say otherwise.

Another key piece of this story is Ekaterina Ivanovna Turkina, in the first chapters called by the leskov name Kitty. A young dreamer, a little naive, but self-confident. She is stubborn and goes against her parents. The girl dreams of a great future. She certainly wants to leave the city for the capital. He takes any moral teachings from his mother lightly. Her personality is also changing. In the last chapters, she is no longer that selfish person. Life and creative failures that happened to her in Moscow left an imprint on her character: self-confidence disappears, enthusiasm disappears.

Parents Ekaterina Ivanovna dear people in the city. The most educated and brought up. They constantly gather at their homes a large circle of guests, are famous for their hospitality, wit and talents.

Ivan Petrovich Turkin masterfully owns the word and can decorate any evening with conversations, jokes and funny stories. A distinctive feature of him is the ability to smile with his eyes. One gets the impression that he sees right through people and is able to read their thoughts. After all, he can find a common language with almost every person. Turkin is devoted to his family.

Vera Iosifovna- Ivan Petrovich's wife writes stories and has a tendency to read them after each tea party. She is quite modest and believes that there is no need to publish her works at all. They are for the soul, not for material gain. She loves both husband and daughter. The woman worries about the latter. She wants Katya's fate to be successful.

The relationship of characters

In the story "Ionych" the main characters are closely related to each other. Chekhov shows readers how you can destroy your life with your own hands. The main characters Startsev and Katya have sympathy for each other. Katya seeks to leave the city, to abandon the love of Dmitry Ionovich, not realizing what thereby repels him. He will no longer be able to forgive her and will forever lose interest in her. Perhaps their couple would be happy if Katya was down to earth, and Dmitry was more persistent. But their characters did not agree. That is why they were both left alone.

Summary of the lesson on Literature "Problems of the story of A.P. Chekhov" Gooseberry "Grade 10

Pedagogical workshop on literature in grade 10

Topic:"Problems of the story of A.P. Chekhov" Gooseberry ".

- to teach students to see and formulate the central problem of the story;

- develop communication skills;

- to form in the minds of students the concept of a moral scale of values;

- to cultivate a culture of communication, a respectful attitude towards the opinion of another person.

Equipment: DVD equipment, K.Shakhnazarov's feature film "Courier", magnetic board, medical caps, handouts, texts.

Epigraph to the lesson:“There will also be the fact that the disease is indicated, but how to cure it — God knows! (M.Yu. Lermontov) ".

- Draw your dream. Sign the drawing.

- Before you present your work, watch an excerpt about the cherished desires of the heroes of Karen Shakhnazarov's film "Courier".

- Why does the main character's desire cause such a reaction?

- What two groups can you divide all your cherished desires and dreams?

- Determine which group your dream belongs to. In accordance with this, attach the drawing to the right or left board.

3. Creation of a creative product.

(The teacher invites students to reincarnate as health workers.)

- Dear doctors, today at the medical council we are discussing a complex but interesting case of the disease. This is a patient of Dr. A.P. Chekhov. The protagonist of the story told by veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich is sick. But with what? and what is the cause of this disease? This is what we have to find out.

- Let's imagine that the story "Gooseberry" is a case history. Fill out the patient record (first 2 columns).

(The teacher reads an excerpt from the story; students fill out the table.)

Pretends to be a master,

He speaks arrogantly of the common people, he has grown old, put on weight, and then he will “grunt into the blanket”, is not interested in anything except gooseberries.

I wanted to return to nature - buy my estate - dreary service in the government chamber - dream of gooseberries - greed - marriage - death of my wife - buying an estate - gooseberries - happiness.

Group work.

- Try to determine when and in what Nikolai Ivanovich was mistaken? Choose from the proposed aphorisms the one that can be recorded as a diagnosis in the 3rd column of the table. Explain your position in a small discourse essay.

1) The end does not justify the means.

2) Happiness spoils a person.

3) Down-to-earth dreams land the soul.

4) He climbed out of the rags into riches.

4. Socialization. Students read their work in groups. One work from the group is presented to all. Pupils keep "three-part diaries".

My point of view

1. The end does not justify the means. The greed and callousness of Nikolai Ivanovich, long-term dreams of the estate and gooseberries destroyed the patient's soul. When the hero reaches his goal and seems to be able to free himself and heal in full force, he no longer needs anything except gooseberries, and he has forgotten how to live in full strength, to experience the feelings that he experienced in childhood.

Of course, in the story A.P. Chekhov does not call for giving up material desires, for example, buying a house with a garden. But it is important that there is a sense of proportion in everything. You cannot act immorally for the sake of achieving a goal. The fanaticism of Nikolai Ivanovich ruined his wife.

Thus, our diagnosis is a lack of a sense of proportion in the patient.

2. Earthly dreams land the soul. One cannot but agree with this statement. A.P. Chekhov also denounces vulgarity and philistinism in other stories. Nikolai Ivanovich dreams of a gooseberry. What will a person with such a dream strive for? This dream is quickly realizable, but it turns out that the hero makes a long way to the realization of this dream. So, probably, the embodiment of his dream is not the dream itself?

Note also that the patient's brother offers several prescriptions for the medication. One of them is to do good. What could be higher than this dream?

So, our diagnosis is an incorrect assessment of life values, the orientation of life towards achieving material well-being.

3. Happiness spoils a person. “The happy one feels good only because the unfortunate ones carry their burden in silence, and without this silence, happiness would be impossible,” says Ivan Ivanovich Chimsha-Himalaysky, the brother of our patient. So it is immoral to be happy? A happy man is smug and blind. Having achieved his happiness, the hero also became like that. “A change in life for the better, satiety, and idleness develop in a Russian person the most arrogant conceit,” the narrator notes.

The hero who confirms the validity of the aphorism can be considered Alekhine, who, as we know, is forced to live on the estate, work day and night. This person is not like our patient, he cannot be called immoral, but unhappy, perhaps, he can.

Consequently, Nikolai Ivanovich's diagnosis is a happy person.

4. Our patient, as they say, climbed out of the rags into riches. It is not by chance that A.P. Chekhov mentions his origin twice: his grandfather is a man, his father is a soldier who has risen to the rank of officer. Having become a landowner, the hero - "the former timid poor bureaucrat" - pretends to be a master. Now Nikolai Ivanovich speaks in the minister's tone of common truths about education, corporal punishment, people's love for the master. He was finally able to realize all his ambitions, but, playing the role of a landowner, he played too much and forgot himself.

We believe that the patient's diagnosis is heightened self-esteem.)

5. Individual work. Registration of "three-part diaries".