Rocket furnace from a profile pipe. Do-it-yourself rocket furnace drawings and manufacturing process - from simple to complex

Drawings and videos of the rocket furnace required for DIY installation

Do-it-yourself jet furnace: diagram, drawings, step-by-step instructions for making a rocket furnace and more + video

The jet stove or rocket stove came about as a result of a departure from the tradition of building space heating equipment. It is considered an economical heat generator, the design of which is elementary. Therefore, many are thinking about building a jet furnace with their own hands.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket oven

A heat generator for heating the air in a room is called a rocket stove or a jet stove, because during operation, in case of excessive air intake, it makes special sounds. This noise can be mistaken for the roar of a jet engine. In normal mode, the equipment operates with a barely audible rustling sound.

The rocket stove serves as a home heating and cooking device. It takes about 6 hours to burn one batch of firewood in such equipment, more than in a standard metal stove. The reason for this is the creation of a heat generator based on a furnace with upper combustion.

The flame from the jet furnace can escape

The advantages of the rocket oven include:

independence from fuel energy;
simplicity of design, consisting of affordable parts, connected in a matter of minutes;
the ability to produce a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
inexpediency of use in the bath, because it will not be possible to warm it up.

Kinds

A unit that emits a rocket hum during operation happens:

portable (a unit of metal pipes, buckets or a gas cylinder); Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by the industry
stationary (created from fireclay bricks and metal containers); Such an assembly is more difficult to build than a metal furnace
equipment for heating air with a stove bench. The stove bench is equipped behind the rear wall of the furnace

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several segments.

True, such structures, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of refractory blocks increase the heat transfer of the jet furnace.

If desired, you can add a couch in the form of a sofa or bed, decorated with clay or sawdust.

Details and operation of a jet heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pipe fragments connected by a branch at an angle of 90 degrees.

The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure.

But sometimes the fuel is placed in the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is constructed from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air passes through the furnace

The functioning of the jet furnace is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases produced during the combustion of fuel.

Wood chips and firewood are placed in the furnace of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe.

At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed tank, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes occurring inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the operation of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the furnace should be determined with skill, because it is he who affects the power and amount of heat generated by heating equipment.

When calculating the dimensions of reactive heating equipment, an indicator of the internal diameter of the drum D is used, the value of which can vary within 300–600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of the drum.

To determine this indicator of a rocket furnace, use the formula: S = 3.14 * D2 / 4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are presented in the table:

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with a stove bench. The maximum allowable indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

Building materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

The production of jet heating equipment will require the presence of:

barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty liquefied gas cylinder or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
square or round steel pipes 2-3 mm thick, which are needed to create a blower, a combustion chamber and a primary chimney;
fireclay crushed stone and furnace clay as heat-insulating materials;
adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
fireclay bricks;
sand from the bottom of the river;
pieces of sheets of zinc-coated steel or aluminum for the manufacture of covers and doors;
asbestos or basalt cardboard, which performs the tasks of a sealant.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need a welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, you will have to take:

Master OK;
mortar blade;
pick hammer;
stitching;
an acute-angled sledgehammer;
level;
plumb;
roulette.

Preparing for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket furnace, they are guided by some rules:

reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of at least 16 m²;
without floorboards under the oven, equipment installation will be easier;
above the structure that gives heat, it is forbidden to place wooden beams;
if it is understood that the chimney will go through the ceilings, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
the jet device must not be placed near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

To make it convenient to put fuel in jet heating equipment, it is more reasonable to put it with the front side opposite the entrance. It is important to leave at least a meter of unoccupied space around the rocket stove.

In a small house, builders are advised to allocate a place in the corner for the stove. In this case, the firebox should be directed in one direction, and the stove bench (if it is made) in the other.

The stove stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Having found a suitable site for a rocket furnace, they begin to prepare it for construction work. If boards are laid on the floor in the house, then in the place where the equipment will be installed, they will need to be removed. A hole is dug under the open floor, the bottom of which must be pressed.

Before construction work, a special mortar should be mixed. It consists of sand and clay combined in a ratio of 1:1. Water will be needed so much that the building materials acquire the consistency of sour cream, that is, ¼ of the amount of dry ingredients.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for making

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such building materials are quite simple:

from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;
The balloon is cut at the top and bottom
focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);
Dimensions are in mm
the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been carefully calcined, that is, cleaned of organic substances;
legs are welded to give stability to the structure.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which involves the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

The area for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. A formwork is created along the contour of the manufactured structure. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay a reinforcing mesh or metal bars in it;
The platform will harden in about two days
The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden, and finish the job. Bricks are laid in a continuous line, creating a platform for the furnace. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
They equip the lower channel of the structure, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;
Two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open
They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts need to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;
Work requires diligence
An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
The horizontal chimney is connected by welding to the side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
Spread the flame tube of refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. While doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;
The height of the pipe is predetermined
The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are clogged with perlite. The lower area of the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the heat-insulating material from spilling onto the floor;
From the boiler, on which the top and bottom were cut off, a fuel tank is formed. A handle must be welded to it;
To improve the appearance, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty on top of perlite backfill;
They create the facade of the furnace, for which the furnace circuit is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The wrong side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly even;
A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the tank is directed towards the bench. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
A channel from a corrugated pipe is brought to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the atmosphere from the outside;
At this stage, the oven looks almost finished.
A test kindling of the furnace is carried out, looking at how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe installed on the red brick platform;
The furnace is supplemented with a pipe for removing smoke. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with refractory coating and asbestos cord;
Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.
The furnace functions as a whole system

Design improvement

A stove bench with a flue inside is not the only option for upgrading a rocket furnace. The design can be improved with a water jacket connected to a heating system in which water circulates. It is desirable to give this part of the structure the appearance of a coil, created from a copper pipe, twisting on the chimney.

This design provides even more warmth.

Another way to improve the jet furnace is associated with the organization of the flow of heated secondary air into the flame tube. This will increase the efficiency of the heat generator, but will lead to the deposition of a large amount of soot in the primary chimney. Therefore, it is better to make sure that the drum cover can be dismantled if necessary.

The subtleties of operating an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket must be carried out according to certain rules:

the main raw material for the furnace of the unit must be laid only after the structure has warmed up well, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed and set on fire in the blowing sector;
they necessarily react to the muffling of the hum coming from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot residues of sawdust;
the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to produce a sound similar to rustling;
as necessary, the damper is covered more and more, otherwise the furnace will become filled with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt the pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

Since the jet oven was originally designed for field use, its design is extremely simple. This allows you to cope with the manufacture of the unit by an ordinary home master. But, despite the apparent lightness, the rocket stove is supposed to be assembled, taking into account the correct ratio of parameters. Otherwise, the equipment will be unproductive.

Ksenia Zubkova
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Source: //legkovmeste.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/otoplenie/reaktivnaya-pech-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket stove - instructions!

Unfortunately, in our country, almost no one knows about the rocket stove. Meanwhile, such a design is extremely useful in a number of cases due to the almost complete absence of soot during operation and the high combustion temperature.

Jet Furnace

rocket furnace

Today we will talk about how a do-it-yourself rocket stove is made.

Principle of operation

Hot gases instead of a chimney enter a special bell, where they burn out (hence the absence of soot). At the same time, the temperature rises even more, and the pressure, on the contrary, decreases. The cycle is constantly repeated and soon the furnace enters the combustion mode with maximum thrust (the strength of the latter depends on the design features and the quality of installation).

rocket furnace

The temperature in the hood can reach 1200ᵒС, as a result of which all waste is burned almost without residue, and the exhaust consists mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Note! Thanks to this, the chimney can be laid under the floor or through some kind of heating structure (couch, for example, or a bench). What's more, the hot hood can be used for water heating, cooking, fruit drying, etc.

Jet furnaces

The benefits include:

high efficiency;
lack of soot;
high temperature;
the possibility of using cones, damp branches, dry plant stems as fuel - at a temperature of 1200ᵒ almost everything burns;
low fuel consumption - about four times lower than in the standard design.

Types of rocket furnaces

There are several types of rocket (or jet, as they are also called) furnaces.

Portable structures from tin containers (paint cans, buckets, etc.). Great helpers on the construction site or on a hike that can be made in just a few hours.
Furnaces made of refractory bricks and metal barrels, intended for heating heat-intensive masses. They feature a horizontal chimney installed underground and an external riser to provide draft.
Fully brick structures are used for floor air heating. They consist of several chimneys at once.

Note! Due to the complexity of the implementation of the third option, only the first two will be considered in this article.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

In this case, work traditionally begins with the preparation of everything necessary.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, blueprint

Stage 1. Materials and equipment

For construction you will need:

fireclay brick;
steel barrel 200 l;
chimney pipe;
metal brush;
old barbeque;
fireproof paint;
bayonet shovel;
expanded clay;
fittings;
adobe;
perlite;
cement mortar;
trowel. Production of a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 2. Preparation

Step 1. A pit is pulled out in the floor (if possible) with a depth of about 30-50 cm. This is necessary so that the level of the horizontal chimney does not rise much.

Step 2. The steel barrel will serve as a cap for the furnace. First, the barrel is fired and cleaned of soot with a metal brush, after which it is painted with refractory paint.

Note! The paint is applied only after the chimney outlet flange is installed.

Stage 3. Foundation

Step 1 Formwork is being prepared for the future foundation.

Step 2. In the place where the firebox will be, several bricks go deep into the ground.

Step 3. Steel reinforcement is laid on the bottom.

Step 4 Bricks are laid around the lower point of the combustion chamber according to the level.

Step 5. The base is poured with concrete mortar.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 4. Masonry

After the mortar has dried, you can proceed to laying the rocket furnace.

Note! To do this, you need to use only refractory clay.

Step 1. On the first tier, the masonry rises, leaving only a hole for the combustion chamber.

Step 2. At the second level, the lower channel of the furnace is formed.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Step 3. On the third channel, it is covered with masonry in such a way that two holes are obtained - for the combustion chamber and the vertical channel.

Note! Bricks after laying can not be hewn - they still have to be hidden with adobe and expanded clay.

Step 4. Preparation for laying the vertical channel. In addition to the barrel itself, this will require an old water heater of about 150 liters.

A flange is built into the barrel for connecting the chimney. Here it is desirable to install a tee for cleaning the chimney.

Step 5. Using the "boot" method, the ascending part of the structure is placed. The internal section of this part should be approximately 18 cm.

Step 6. A cut of the water heater is put on the ascending part, and the voids between the walls are filled with perlite. The upper part of the perlite is sealed with chamotte clay.

Step 7. The base of the furnace is lined with bags filled with sand, the base of the casing is coated with clay. The voids between the bags and the body are filled with expanded clay, after which the base is finished with the same clay.

Step 8. The chimney is connected, an inverted steel barrel is put on the ascending part.

Step 9. A trial run of the furnace is carried out, after which the barrel is painted with fire-resistant paint.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, a diagram

Stage 5. Chimney lining

Step 1. The chimney is lined with sandbags and covered with expanded clay.

Step 2. The construction is given the appropriate shape with the help of fireclay clay.

Note! The rocket furnace needs a lot of oxygen during operation, so it is recommended to run an air duct from the street.

It remains only to install the old barbecue in the neck of the firebox and close it with a lid. The seams are sealed with clay. Everything, the brick rocket oven is ready for operation.

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, diagram

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, foundation

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Making a camping garden stove

In this design, as in the one described above, the principle of operation is to isolate the fire and direct the thermal energy to the right place.

Stage 1. Preparing everything you need

To prepare a portable rocket stove you will need:

two tin containers of different diameters;
a couple of corners;
steel clamps ø10 cm;
stainless steel pipe for chimney;
small-sized crushed stone;
Bulgarian;
scissors for metal. Making a camping garden stove Making a camping garden stove Making a camping garden stove In the second bucket - the bottom of the rocket stove, cut a hole for the pipe. for dishes From the wire we bend the burner for dishes We melt the rocket oven

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Step 1. A lid for the structure is made from a smaller bucket. To do this, a hole is made in it for the chimney (the cover is not removed). In this case, it is better to bend the “petals” inward - so the pipe will be more securely fixed.

The lower half of the bucket is cut off with a grinder.

Step 2. A hole is cut in the bottom of the other container for connecting the firebox. The tin is cut with scissors into "petals" and bent inward.

Step 3. The forward flow is assembled from a pipe and a pair of corners. Then the pipe is inserted into the bucket and connected there to the "petals" with a steel clamp. Everything, the forward flow of the rocket furnace is ready.

Step 4. The space between the forward flow and the walls of the bucket is covered with fine gravel. The latter will perform two functions in the design at once - thermal insulation and thermal accumulation.

Step 5. The second bucket (lid) is put on the jet furnace.

Step 6. The burner for dishes is bent from steel wire.

Note! Instead of a burner, you can install three bricks.

Step 7. It remains only to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, the forward flow outlet will be used.

Mini jet oven

Reactive mini-oven, kindling

Rules for the operation of rocket furnaces

Rocket stoves, as well as other long-burning designs, need to be launched on a warm pipe. And if this is not so important for the second version of the furnace, then for the first option a cold chimney will only lead to unnecessary burning of fuel. For this reason, the structure needs to be preheated - fired with sawdust, paper, etc.

It is also worth noting that the jet furnace is unable to self-adjust, so at first the blower opens completely, and is covered only after the structure starts to hum strongly. In the future, the supply of oxygen gradually decreases.

About the rocket stove in the bath

Jet wood stove with sun lounger

Many, probably, were interested in the question - is it possible to use a jet furnace in a bath? It would seem that it is possible, because it is quite easy to equip a heater on a tire.

In fact, such a design for a bath is not suitable. For light steam, you first need to warm up the walls, and only then, after a while, the air. For the latter, the furnace must be a source of convection and thermal radiation (IR). This is the problem - in a rocket furnace, convection is clearly distributed, and the design does not provide for losses due to thermal radiation at all.

Do-it-yourself rocket stove

conclusions

Be that as it may, but today in the manufacture of rocket furnaces there is more intuition than real accurate calculations, therefore, this is an almost limitless field for creativity.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video instruction for the manufacture of a rocket furnace.

- Do-it-yourself jet oven

Source: //svoimi-rykami.ru/stroitelstvo-doma/pechi_i_mangaly/pech-raketa-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket stove made of long-burning bricks: drawing, instruction, photo

A rocket stove made of long-burning bricks, despite its simple design, can solve a number of problems for owners of summer cottages and private houses. These include not only the functions of heating and cooking, but also the creation of an original interior and comfort in the room.

Principle of operation

During the thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel, gaseous substances are released, which also decompose and turn into wood gas during combustion, which has a high level of heat transfer during combustion.

In conventional solid fuel stoves, wood gas goes into the pipe along with the gas, where it cools and settles on the walls in the form of soot. In a rocket-type furnace, due to the horizontal channel, the gases move more slowly, do not have time to cool down, but burn out, giving off a large amount of heat.

In models of jet heating devices of complex design, heated air and gas passes through a number of internal channels. Then they move to the upper part of the body, under the hob, where it burns out completely. For such a rocket, there is no need for additional blowing. The draft in them is created due to the chimney, and the longer its length, the more intense the upward flow.

Principle of operation

In this diagram, the principle of operation of a rocket stove with a stove bench

Advantages and disadvantages

Rocket long-burning furnaces have the following advantages:

high efficiency - not less than 85%;
high speed of heating the room - 50 m² will become warm in less than 1 hour;
the absence of soot - the exhaust during the combustion of fuel does not form soot, but is formed in the form of steam and carbon;
the ability to operate on any type of solid fuel;
low consumption - fuel consumption by a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than a conventional stove under equal conditions: burning time interval and heating temperature;
the possibility of arranging a warm bed;
the duration of heat retention in a well-heated structure without adding fuel - up to 12 hours.

There are many advantages to such a furnace, but there are also bad sides.

The disadvantages include:

manual method of controlling the heating device - fuel burns out quickly, and it is required to report it regularly;
the high heating temperature of some structural elements threatens to burn the owners in case of accidental contact;
the heating rate does not allow the use of a rocket oven for baths;
the aesthetic component of such a device is not for everyone and is not suitable for any interior;
the danger of carbon monoxide penetration into living rooms.

materials

Do-it-yourself building materials for the construction of a long-burning rocket furnace are selected depending on the calorific value of the fuel. For laying the main part of the body, a simple red oven brick is usually used. The firebox and the furnace bunker are lined with fireclay bricks.

If it is planned to use high-calorie fuel (for example, coal), then refractory bricks are used for the construction of almost all parts of the structure. The masonry elements are fastened with an aqueous solution of a mixture of sand and clay.

Regardless of the type of design for a long-burning rocket furnace, you will need to buy furnace fittings:

blew;
grates;
furnace doors;
intermediate cap;
chimney pipe.

Tools

To build a rocket-type furnace with your own hands, you need to prepare in advance a set of tools for work, which should consist of:

trowels for scooping up and distributing the solution. It is more convenient to work with a tool with a handle slightly shifted to the side;
picks or hammers - picks for hewing individual parts of bricks;
grinders with a diamond blade for sawing solid blocks into quarters and halves;
mallets with a rubber tip for leveling bricks in masonry;
twisted cord - moorings;
building level;
square and tape measure;
shovels.

You also need to stock up on two containers for preparing a solution, concrete and a metal mesh for sifting ingredients.

How to do it yourself?

Before you make a rocket furnace, you need to decide on the place of its installation, with the dimensions of the future design, and develop a diagram. The technology of masonry itself is quite simple, any novice builder can master it.

The simplest design of a rocket stove can be built from 20 bricks in a summer cottage and used to heat food brought from home.

Location selection

Before starting construction, the first step is to choose a place. Rocket-type brick ovens are recommended to be placed closer to the front door. In this case, the ash after cleaning will not need to be carried through the entire room, which will positively affect the overall dust content of the room.

It is also desirable that there are no rafters located closer than 40 cm to the chimney at the exit point of the pipe. And yet, the stove should not be adjacent to the outer wall of the house so that expensive heat does not go to heat the street.

Solution preparation

Cement mortar under the influence of high temperatures quickly cracks, therefore, only a mortar consisting of clay and sand is used for laying brick heating devices.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Most often in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First, the clay must be soaked, filtered, and then sand is introduced. The resulting solution should have the consistency of thick sour cream. You can check the level of its viscosity in the following way:

place a wooden stick or trowel handle into the mixture;
remove the tool and shake well;
check the thickness of the adhering layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm - sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached with all responsibility, since only a plastic mixture of the required density can fill all the irregularities of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Masonry rocket stove of 20 bricks

Ordering a rocket furnace for 20 bricks

An example of a brick rocket stove

Masonry rocket stove with stove bench

A brick rocket stove, even equipped with a bench, is small. The order shown in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without the use of metal products. Only the doors will be iron. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it more rounded shapes.

row number	Number of bricks, pcs.	Description of masonry	Drawing
1	62	Formation of the furnace base	(click to enlarge)
2	44	The formation of the base of the channels for heating the couch along the entire structure. Fastening mortgages for mounting a cast-iron door
3	44	Repeating the contour of the second row
4	59	Complete channel coverage. The beginning of the formation of a vertical smoke channel and a furnace
5	60	The construction of the couch	(click to enlarge)
6	17	Continuation of laying the smoke channel
7	18
8	14
9; 10	14	Smoke channel formation	(click to enlarge)
11	13
12	11	The beginning of laying the chimney pipe. From here begins the channel through which the air from the hob will go down to move to the stove bench
13	10	The end of the formation of the surface under the hob. Laying asbestos gasket, which is covered with sheet steel.	(click to enlarge)
14; 15	5	Closing the chimney channel and forming a low wall between the bench and the hob.

After completing the masonry work, the home-made rocket stove must be dried, carefully, by heating at low intensity. First, no more than 20% of the firewood norm is laid in the firebox, and the device is heated twice a day for 30-40 minutes.

According to this scheme, the stove is heated until its outer surface is cleared of damp spots. Drying, depending on the dimensions of the device, may take from three to eight days. During this time, the room should be well ventilated, especially in summer.

Accelerating drying can lead to cracking of the masonry, that is, the device will become unsuitable for further heating.

Ready view

You need to start a brick rocket stove only with a warm chimney. For a small device, this property is not so significant, and a larger stove for a cold pipe only uses firewood in vain.

Therefore, before loading the fuel rate after a long break in operation, the rocket stove must be heated with paper, dry shavings, straw, etc., placing them in a blower with the door open. When the hum in the stove lowers its tone or subsides, then you can load all the fuel into the furnace, it should ignite by itself from the already existing fire.

A rocket stove with a bed is not a fully self-regulating device for external conditions and fuel energy efficiency. Therefore, at the beginning of the furnace with a regular amount of fuel, the blower door is left in the open position. After the stove starts to hum strongly, it is covered to a position where the sound emitted is barely audible.

Only dry wood can be used to heat the stove, wet wood will not allow the stove to warm up to the desired temperature, which can lead to reverse draft.

Conclusion

A brick jet stove is becoming an increasingly popular heating device for small buildings, both temporary and permanent. This is explained by the simplicity of execution, the cheapness of the material, the duration of autonomous operation and the high heat transfer of this design.

Despite such a loud name, the rocket furnace, of course, has nothing to do with rocket and space technology. And it doesn't run on jet fuel. The stove got its name for a jet of flame escaping from the top tube of camping structures and a sound reminiscent of the roar of an engine.

We’ll clarify right away that the stove will make a strong sound only in case of violation of the operating rules - the roar of the engine is obtained when excess air enters the furnace. Normally, the rocket stove will make a quiet rustle. It works on wood and other fuels and has a high efficiency.

The rocket stove came to us from the USA and is still little known even to professional stove-makers, although it definitely deserves attention.

The principle of operation of the rocket furnace:

Direct combustion. Fuel gases flow freely through the furnace channels without being stimulated by the draft created by the chimney.
Flue gases, which are always released during the combustion of firewood, are afterburned. This is called pyrolysis.

The simplest jet furnace would consist of two pipes, one running horizontally and the other going up. You can also use one bent pipe if you have the opportunity, otherwise welding works are applied.

Fuel in the rocket furnace is laid directly into the pipe. In this case, hot gases will tend to go up, along the vertical section. At the cut of the pipe, you can place a container that will be used for cooking or boiling water. Be sure to leave a gap between the tank and the pipe so that the combustion products can freely go outside.

What else you need to know about the jet oven:

It is both cooking and heating.
It is quite possible to equip the "rocket" with a stove bench, approximately, as in a Russian stove, but such a design will be much less cumbersome.
The operating time on one fuel bookmark in the rocket furnace is approximately six hours, and it keeps heat up to 12 hours if the metal structure is finished with adobe plaster.
Initially, the rocket oven was intended for use in nature, in the field. Portable metal structures still rank first in popularity, but stationary furnaces have also appeared that work on the same principle, made of brick or clay.

Pros of the Rocket Furnace:

The simplicity of the design itself, which you can do yourself, the materials are available.
Ability to use different types of fuel. In such a furnace, even low-quality fuel, damp thin branches, and so on will burn.
Energy independence.
High work efficiency, lower fuel consumption.

Cons of a jet oven:

It will have to be managed manually. It is necessary to constantly monitor the combustion process and regulate it.
Some elements of the rocket furnace can become very hot, especially for the simplest metal structures. That is, there is a great danger of burns when touched, you should be especially careful not to let children near the rocket stove.
It will not work to use a stove of this design in a bath, since it is simply not able to quickly heat the room to the desired temperature.

Now you can find the simplest schemes for how to fold a rocket furnace of 20 bricks with your own hands without mortar in literally three minutes anywhere. The first row will be solid, with a horizontal protrusion, the second - with a hole above the protrusion for laying fuel, the remaining three rows - a pipe. It will be warm, you can just put a cauldron or pan on top.

However, in more complex and efficient versions, flue gases are passed under the bench, for example, through special channels. The second option is to install a water circuit on a simple rocket furnace.

These are examples of biodesign stoves that work on the “rocket” principle, but much more complex and modernized, with stove benches. The German company Lehm und Feuer is engaged in the construction of such clay ovens.

We state that the rocket stove has many advantages, including ease of installation, the possibility of using it in the field or in the summer in the yard for cooking various dishes on a live fire. It is only necessary to understand the principles of operation and design features.

The simplest solutions for organizing heating of a private house will always be popular, especially among home craftsmen. These include a wood-fired rocket stove, which you can do yourself without significant financial costs. The heater is quite interesting and deserves special attention. Consider the principle of operation of the rocket oven, the advantages with the disadvantages and methods of manufacturing at home.

How a Rocket Furnace Works

It is noteworthy, but the so-called rocket or jet furnace actually has nothing to do with jet propulsion, and even more so with space flights. This popular name arose for 2 reasons: due to some similarity of the operating unit to an inverted rocket and due to the buzzing sound. True, it appears in a certain mode and indicates too much air supplied to the firebox.

Important. The mode in which the rocket stove hums or even roars strongly is inefficient and uneconomical. During normal operation of the potbelly stove, only a quiet rustling sound is heard.

At the moment, there are 2 types of reactive wood stoves:

portable;
stationary (heating).

The Robinson camping metal stove with a folding tripod fits easily into a backpack

The simplest portable modification of a rocket-type stove is mass-produced under the name "Robinson" and is intended for heating water and cooking in field conditions. Using her example, it is easiest to understand the principle of operation of the unit. In fact, it is a pipe in the form of an inverted letter "G", as shown in the diagram:

How the rocket oven works:

Firewood is inserted into the horizontal part of the pipe, which serves as a receiving bunker for fuel, and ignited from the side of the vertical section.
Inside the L-shaped channel, natural draft occurs due to the temperature difference between the incoming air flow and the outgoing flue gases.
The burning intensity of the rocket furnace increases as the hull warms up, so it is necessary to limit the air supply. Otherwise, the wood will burn out very quickly for nothing - all the heat will fly out into the pipe.

The principle of operation of the so-called jet furnace is to use the energy of the upward flow of combustion products. The higher the temperature of the walls of the firebox, the more intense the wood burns, and the flame becomes more powerful.

Due to the emerging natural thrust, a simple steel Robinson stove heats up a large container of water in about a dozen minutes. And if you make the vertical section insulated, as shown in the diagram, then after warming up it will be possible to burn rather thick logs.

Stationary version of the furnace

Do-it-yourself stationary rocket stoves for heating a house are equipped with a special hood to store the heat of the flue gases with its subsequent transfer to the room. In this case, the overall picture of wood burning is somewhat different. With a limited supply of primary air and combustion of fuel, pyrolysis gases begin to be released. They are burned in the lower part of the vertical pipe, where secondary air is supplied through a separate channel.

A stationary rocket stove does not differ in principle from a portable one, only flue gases are discharged through a hood and a stove bench into the chimney

Note. In this regard, a wood stove is a long-burning rocket, only it does not use a fan to force air.

The hot combustion products, rising under the hood, begin to cool, after which they fall in the space between the walls and enter the chimney channel. In this case, 3 forces act on gases:

Gravity. It causes colder and heavier gases to descend and be directed to the outlet in the chimney.
The pressure of new combustion products coming at a higher temperature from the firebox.
Natural chimney draft.

The sum of these three forces allows you to attach smoke channels of arbitrary shape to the rocket-type stove, just to take away more heat. In practice, this is used to make a heated bed from a rocket furnace, as shown in the diagram:

Note. There is another way to prevent the release of heat along with flue gases to the outside. To do this, a chimney is made from a rocket furnace with a water jacket and two pipes that are connected to.

A stationary "rocket" can be made of metal, add a hob and a heat exchanger to heat water for heating

On the advantages and disadvantages

The so-called jet stove is the cheapest option for a heating device in a private house. In this respect, she is unmatched. Moreover, a good craftsman is able to make a brick oven in such a way that it will look pretty decent in the interior of the room. In fact, only the protruding metal cap and the fuel chamber cover will have to be improved. The remaining parts of the unit, together with the gas ducts, will be hidden from view.

Homemade rocket stoves definitely cannot be called super-efficient, but in general, this indicator largely depends on the homeowner himself. If you constantly burn raw wood, then there will be little sense from this. As well as it makes no sense to achieve a “roaring” mode from the heat generator, mistakenly believing that it is the best. Here it is necessary to limit the air supply manually, as is done in long-burning heaters.

There is only 1 way to supply a jet stove with a water circuit - install a heat exchanger on the chimney and connect it to a heat accumulator or directly to radiators

Many furnaces, including rocket ones, suffer from the loss of useful heat through the chimney, so in this case it does not hurt to attach a water circuit to the flue pipe, as mentioned above. Well, a large amount of heat will allow you to take away the couch, although you will have to work hard for its device. The rest of the negative aspects of the rocket look like this:

The unit requires constant supervision and manual control, since there is no automation in it.
Loading firewood should be done quite often.
The metal cap heats up to a temperature that causes burns to a person after being touched. This is dangerous for small children.

Note. Home-made rocket-type stoves are not suitable for heating a bath, because in normal operating conditions they are unable to generate a large amount of heat in a short period of time.

The easiest way is to make a small portable oven with your own hands - the Robinson rocket, whose drawing is presented below. You will need trimming of profile pipes, metal for legs and stands, as well as welding skills. Moreover, compliance with the exact dimensions indicated in the drawing is not necessary. You can take pipes of a different section, you just need to reduce or increase them proportionally so that the parts fit together.

Drawing of an improved field stove "Robinson" with nozzles from a profile pipe, cut lengthwise into 2 parts

Note. Please note that the drawing shows a design improved by our expert. As befits a rocket, improvised nozzles are attached to it, where secondary air enters for afterburning, which enters the pipe through a series of holes. Due to this modernization, the intensity of combustion is noticeably increased. For more information about the operation of a compact wood stove, see the video:

The most common options for large rocket stoves are made from a gas cylinder or a 200-liter metal barrel. It must be understood that these finished elements are used as an outer cap, and the internal parts of the stove must be made from pipes of a smaller diameter or laid out from fireclay bricks. Moreover, from the cylinder you can make both a stationary heater with a small bench, and a unit that can be moved.

Please note that it is quite difficult to calculate the thermal power of a rocket-type furnace; there is no single calculation methodology. It is easier to rely on ready-made drawings of already working samples and assemble according to them. It is only necessary to compare the dimensions of the future stove with the dimensions of the heated room. For example, the size of a cylinder is enough to heat a small room, in other cases it is better to take a large barrel. The selection of internal parts for them is shown in the diagram:

2 options for potbelly stoves - from a gas cylinder and a standard iron barrel

Balloon Rocket Furnace

In addition to the gas cylinder itself, to assemble the stove you will need:

profile pipe 150 x 150 mm for the firebox and the hopper;
steel pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm will go to the internal vertical channel;
the same with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
insulation (basalt fiber with a density of at least 100 kg / m³);
sheet metal 3 mm thick.

For a master who owns welding, this work will not present any particular difficulty. At the cylinder, cut off the upper part along the seam, having previously turned out the valve and filled it to the top with water. On the sides, openings are cut out on both sides for the installation of a firebox and a chimney tie-in. The profile pipe is inserted and connected to a vertical channel, which is brought out through the bottom of the cylinder. Further work on the manufacture of the rocket furnace is carried out in accordance with the drawing:

At the end, the upper part must be welded into place, then carefully check all the seams for permeability so that air does not enter uncontrollably into the furnace. After that, you can attach a chimney with a water jacket (if any) and start testing.

Important. To create sufficient traction, the top of the pipe must be raised above the level of the firebox to a height of 4 m.

Brick rocket-type heater masonry

This version of the stove will require the cost of buying fireclay bricks; a regular ceramic one for a rocket stove will not work. Masonry is carried out on a solution of fireclay clay, it is also sold as a ready-made building mixture. How to make a stationary rocket oven:

First you need to dig a hole, tamp the bottom and fill the foundation with dimensions of 1200 x 400 mm and a height of 100 mm, as shown in the photo.
After hardening, the foundation is covered with a sheet of basalt cardboard and the combustion chamber, the firewood hopper and the vertical channel are being laid. From the end of the combustion chamber, a door is installed for cleaning the ash pan.
After the clay dries, the pit is filled up, and a pre-selected pipe or a small barrel with a diameter of 450 mm is put on the vertical channel. The gap between the brickwork and the walls of the pipe is filled with refractory insulation, for example, basalt wool, expanded clay, vermiculite.
At the last stage, a cap made of a large metal barrel with a diameter of 600 mm is put on the structure. Previously, a cutout is made in its upper part and a pipe is placed for connecting the chimney. When the barrel turns over, he will just be at the bottom.

Further - a matter of technology, you can take the chimney immediately outside or build another stove bench with smoke turns. For this purpose, an ordinary ceramic brick and a clay-sand mortar will already fit. The ordering of the brickwork of a rocket furnace with a small bench is shown in detail in the video:

Conclusion

Of course, a wood-fired rocket stove is not the height of perfection and is attractive only because of its simplicity and cheapness. Yes, and to fit it into the interior of the living quarters is another task. This suggests the conclusion that it is possible to build such a source of heat somewhere in the country or in a temporary hut, where people do not stay permanently. The heater is not afraid of long breaks between kindling, but warms up quickly enough. This unit is not suitable for heating a large residential building or a bath; other solutions are needed here.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket oven

The flame from the jet furnace can escape

The advantages of the rocket oven include:

independence from fuel energy;
simplicity of design, consisting of affordable parts, connected in a matter of minutes;
the ability to produce a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
inexpediency of use in the bath, because it will not be possible to warm it up.

Kinds

A unit that emits a rocket hum during operation happens:

portable (unit of metal pipes, buckets or gas cylinder);
Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by the industry
stationary (created from fireclay bricks and metal containers);
Such a unit is more difficult to build than a metal furnace.
equipment for heating air with a bench.
The bench is equipped behind the rear wall of the oven

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several segments. True, such structures, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of refractory blocks increase the heat transfer of the jet furnace. If desired, you can add a couch in the form of a sofa or bed, decorated with clay or sawdust.

Details and operation of a jet heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pipe fragments connected by a branch at an angle of 90 degrees. The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure. But sometimes the fuel is placed in the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is constructed from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air passes through the furnace

The functioning of the jet furnace is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases produced during the combustion of fuel. Wood chips and firewood are placed in the furnace of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe. At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed tank, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes occurring inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the operation of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the furnace should be determined with skill, because it is he who affects the power and amount of heat generated by heating equipment. When calculating the dimensions of reactive heating equipment, an indicator of the internal diameter of the drum D is used, the value of which can vary within 300–600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of the drum. To determine this indicator of a rocket furnace, use the formula: S = 3.14 * D ^ 2 / 4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are presented in the table:

Parameter	Meaning
Drum height H	1.5D to 2D
The height of the heat-insulating coating of the drum	2/3H
The thickness of the heat-insulating coating of the drum	1/3D
Cross-sectional area of the primary chimney	From 0.045S to 0.065S (optimally - from 0.05S to 0.06S). The higher the primary chimney, the better.
Minimum clearance between the top edge of the primary chimney and the drum cover	70 mm. With a smaller value, the aerodynamic resistance of the gap for the gases passing through it will be excessively large.
Flame tube length and area	Length and area of the primary chimney
Sectional area of the blower	Half of the cross-sectional area of the primary chimney
Cross-sectional area of the external chimney	1.5S to 2S
The thickness of the adobe pillow under the flue with a stove bench	50–70 mm (if there are wooden boards under the bed - from 25 to 35 mm)
The height of the coating above the flue with a stove bench	150 mm. It is not recommended to reduce, otherwise the oven will accumulate less heat.
Height of the external chimney	at least 4 m

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with a stove bench. The maximum allowable indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

D (diameter)	Volume
300 mm	0.1x (Vk - Vpd)	Where Vk is the volume of the drum, Vpd - the volume of the primary chimney.
600 mm	0.05x(Vk - Vpd)

Building materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

The production of jet heating equipment will require the presence of:

barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty liquefied gas cylinder or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
square or round steel pipes 2-3 mm thick, which are needed to create a blower, a combustion chamber and a primary chimney;
fireclay crushed stone and furnace clay as heat-insulating materials;
adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
fireclay bricks;
sand from the bottom of the river;
pieces of sheets of zinc-coated steel or aluminum for the manufacture of covers and doors;
asbestos or basalt cardboard, which performs the tasks of a sealant.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need a welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, you will have to take:

Master OK;
mortar blade;
pick hammer;
stitching;
an acute-angled sledgehammer;
level;
plumb;
roulette.

Preparing for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket furnace, they are guided by some rules:

reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of at least 16 m²;
without floorboards under the oven, equipment installation will be easier;
above the structure that gives heat, it is forbidden to place wooden beams;
if it is understood that the chimney will go through the ceilings, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
the jet device must not be placed near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

The stove stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for making

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such building materials are quite simple:

from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;
The balloon is cut at the top and bottom
focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);
Dimensions are in mm
the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been carefully calcined, that is, cleaned of organic substances;
legs are welded to give stability to the structure.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which involves the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

The area for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. A formwork is created along the contour of the manufactured structure. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay a reinforcing mesh or metal bars in it;
The platform will harden in about two days
The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden, and finish the job. Bricks are laid in a continuous line, creating a platform for the furnace. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
They equip the lower channel of the structure, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;
Two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open
They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts need to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;
Work requires diligence
An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
The horizontal chimney is connected by welding to the side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
Spread the flame tube of refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. While doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;
The height of the pipe is predetermined
The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are clogged with perlite. The lower area of the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the heat-insulating material from spilling onto the floor;
From the boiler, on which the top and bottom were cut off, a fuel tank is formed. A handle must be welded to it;
To improve the appearance, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty on top of perlite backfill;
They create the facade of the furnace, for which the furnace circuit is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The wrong side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly even;
A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the tank is directed towards the bench. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
A channel from a corrugated pipe is brought to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the atmosphere from the outside;
At this stage, the oven looks almost finished.
A test kindling of the furnace is carried out, looking at how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe installed on the red brick platform;
The furnace is supplemented with a pipe for removing smoke. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with refractory coating and asbestos cord;
Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.
The furnace functions as a whole system

Design improvement

This design provides even more warmth.

The subtleties of operating an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket must be carried out according to certain rules:

the main raw material for the furnace of the unit must be laid only after the structure has warmed up well, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed and set on fire in the blowing sector;
they necessarily react to the muffling of the hum coming from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot residues of sawdust;
the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to produce a sound similar to rustling;
as necessary, the damper is covered more and more, otherwise the furnace will become filled with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt the pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

For lovers of out-of-town trips, avid fishermen and summer residents, a compact mobile stove that fits easily into the trunk of a car will become indispensable. More recently, small collapsible stoves have appeared on the market, which have the very eloquent name "Robinson". It is quite possible to make a Robinson oven with your own hands, especially since in this case it will even cost much cheaper than the finished version. The advantage of self-manufacturing this device is the possibility of upgrading, which will expand its capabilities.

It should be noted that on the basis of this simple design, stationary stoves for home and garden can also be made, so it can be called universal. If the goal is to independently manufacture a mobile oven of the Robinson type, then it is worth considering what configurations it can have, and only after that decide on the choice of model.

The design and principle of operation of the furnace

The Robinson furnace has a so-called rocket design, and on the basis of which many models were created, which differ significantly in size and even in functionality.

Conventional ones consist of a firebox connected to a chimney. The fuel tank can be arranged horizontally, vertically or at an angle, connected directly to the chimney, or have a horizontal pipe section between these two elements, which extends the heated air path and creates an additional heated surface.

This diagram shows different options for the location of the rocket furnace firebox:

1 - The vertical firebox is connected to the chimney with a piece of pipe, which lengthens the path of hot air from the firebox to the outlet. The connecting section can be used as a hob.

2 - Vertical furnace, located next to the pipe, allows you to quickly heat up the entire structure.

3 - The firebox, fixed to the pipe at an angle, makes it more convenient to load fuel.

4 - Two vertical furnaces located on the sides of a pipe with a larger cross section. This design will help to heat the container with the contents much faster, mounted on top of a special stand.

All rocket furnaces have approximately the same principle of operation. It lies in the fact that during the primary combustion of the fuel placed in the firebox, the gases formed, which have a significant energy potential, are burned in the vertical section of the pipe. For this, a special channel of secondary air was made, which provides its supply, a kind of "suction", directly to the base of the vertical pipe. That is, the rocket furnace in this regard in a certain way resembles work. As a result, at the outlet of the oven, in its upper part, the maximum temperature is reached, which can be used to heat water or cook food.

On top of the pipe in the simplest configuration of the oven, a stationary or removable nozzle is mounted - for installing a container of water or other utensils.

The great advantage of the rocket stove is its economy, since a large amount of fuel is not needed at all to achieve the desired result. In order for it to function well, a handful of dry wood chips or even dry grass is often enough.

Video: demonstration of the capabilities of the field rocket furnace "Robinson"

The rocket stove installed for space heating works on the same principle. This design has been known since ancient times, and has been traditional in the homes of many eastern peoples.

With the help of these stoves, they not only heated the room - their warm stove bench was used as heated beds.

By the way, in our time, they are also in no hurry to abandon this design and use it for heating in private homes. In this model of the furnace, the section of the chimney pipe is significantly extended and passes under the entire stove bench, which transfers the heat of the combustion products. It turns out a kind of large "battery" of heating, capable of heating a fairly large area.

Another option for a rocket stove can be a small brick structure built in a country house or in a garden plot. Moreover, if it is laid out in the yard, as a temporary option, then the bricks do not even have to be fastened with mortar. The main thing is to observe the location of all its elements.

A similar model of oven is often offered in community survival presentations, which are quite common, for example, in North America. Such a furnace can be made in any created conditions. In extreme cases, ordinary stones found nearby are suitable for its arrangement, and large gaps between them can be sealed with ordinary earth.

A more complex, but also functional design, based on the same principle of operation, is a rocket stove-stove, which will become an indispensable assistant in the country or in a private house in the summer. The large surface of the stove will allow you to cook several dishes at the same time or heat water, as well as save on electricity or other fuels, since even a large amount of firewood is not required to make the stove justify its purpose.

The hollow panel of the stove inside passes hot gases through its entire space, capable of heating it to very high temperatures. Then, the products of combustion are discharged into the chimney pipe located on the side opposite from the furnace bunker.

But such a portable version of a camping stove has a very small size, as it is made from an ordinary galvanized bucket, which is usually coated with heat-resistant paint on top.

Inside the bucket, a structure of two pipes is installed, welded together and performing the functions of a firebox and a chimney. The internal space of the bucket, between its walls and pipes, is filled with sand (in field conditions), or fine-grained expanded clay. Such a kind of "lining" will provide heating of the vertical pipe so that pyrolysis gases are actively burned in it. Thanks to this “layer”, significantly less fuel is required to cook food or warm water.

It is very important to calculate the correct gap, which should be formed between the stand for the container (in this case, made in the form of a lattice) and the pipe. Too large or small clearance will either reduce the heat transfer of the stove, or interfere with the normal process of combustion of gases.

Similarly, you can do in the nth case, if you need a device for quickly heating a small amount of water, for example, for brewing tea in extreme or camping conditions. To do this, you can build a small stove from an ordinary metal can. In order to boil water with it or at least warm up a little, you need only a handful of wood chips or even dried grass.

The presented photo clearly shows that it is not difficult to make such a design. It is enough to have two large metal cans on hand, one of which will be used to make two tubes - vertical and horizontal, and the second will serve as an outer casing-shell.

Such a "baby" will quickly warm the water in extreme conditions.

A stand for a water container can easily be made from the bottom or lid of a jar by cutting out the middle from it, then making cuts from the inside of the resulting circle, and bending them down in the form of legs. This stand will fit perfectly on the edges of the jar. The stand can also be made from steel wire by carefully bending several pieces and fastening them together.

Camping stoves of the type "Robinson"

Today, various camping compact rocket-type stoves are on sale, having different names, including Robinson. However, an experienced craftsman, having looked at the device of such a device, will immediately understand its design and will be able to draw up a drawing, according to which it will not be difficult to make it.

It is clear that the manufacture of such furnaces will be available only to those home craftsmen who have the skills of plumbing and welding and have at their disposal advising equipment and tools.

Every good home owner should be familiar with welding technology!

In the daily life of a private house, there are very often situations when it is very difficult to do without welding. It is not enough to have a device - you need to have certain skills. We hope that a special article on our portal dedicated to the basics will be a good tutorial for beginners.

You need to know that all camping stoves operating according to the principle described above have common parameters that must be taken into account when drawing up a drawing diagram, otherwise failures may occur in the functioning of the structure. These characteristic features include the following:

The vertical pipe must be at least twice as high as the length of the firebox.
The height of the fuel bin, installed vertically, should be approximately equal to the length of the horizontal connecting section of the furnace and the width of the furnace opening.
The best location for the furnace section will be to install it at an angle of 45 degrees, since the blower clearance is optimally located in it, and it is also convenient to put fuel in it.
It is recommended that the cross section of the fuel hopper inlet be approximately equal to that of the vertical pipe.

The first version of the camp stove

Such a model of a camping stove is simple in design and manufacture and is very compact in size. It does not require a large amount of materials, and it can be done in just a few hours.

The furnace has one important design feature - its lower part, which acts as the bottom of the fuel chamber (grate), is made movable, so it can be pulled out, put the right amount on it and pushed into the furnace hopper. If the chips are long, then the extended grate can be used as a stand for stacking them. In addition, the retractable grate greatly facilitates the periodic cleaning of the firebox.

For this model you will need:

Name of materials	Dimensions	Quantity
Square pipe	150×150×3, 450 mm	1 PC.
	150×150×3, 300 mm	1 PC.
steel strip	300×50×3 mm	4 things.
	140×50×3 mm	2 pcs.
Metal grate	300×140 mm	1 PC.
or steel bar for its manufacture	Ø 3÷5 mm	2.5 m

The work is carried out in stages and includes the following operations:

Markings are made on blanks from square pipes, since one of their edges must be cut at an angle of 45 degrees. Then the "grinder" cuts are made.
The next step of the pipe must be carefully welded together to make a kind of "boot".
In the upper part of the vertical pipe, at its corners or in the middle of each side, cuts should be made 20 mm deep and 3.5 mm wide. They will install a stand for containers.
Next, the stand itself is made. To do this, one of the strips 300 mm long is cut in half. On the second strip, you need to outline the middle and weld the prepared segments to it on both sides to get the shape of a cross.
From the two remaining strips and short lengths of 140 mm, the frame of the retractable device is welded. Here it is necessary to make a fitting and take into account the fact that long strips should not be welded to the sides of short strips, but overlapped with them.
On top of the finished frame, a finished grate or steel bars cut along the length of the frame with a distance of 10 mm from each other are caught by spot welding, they will act as a grate.
Then, a stand for the container is installed on top of the pipe, and the grate is pushed into the furnace hopper. Now you can test the finished furnace.
If the test measures were successful, then after the metal has cooled down, the furnace can be painted
Although not provided for in this design, it is still recommended for the retractable frame to additionally weld the handle, which will help to more comfortably adjust its location.

The second version of the camp stove - "Antoshka"

This oven is a little more difficult to manufacture, as it has more elements. However, the work is still quite doable if you prepare everything you need for this.

Rocket stove model "Antoshka"

The convenience of this design lies in the fact that it provides an additional heated plane. For example, on a stand located on a vertical pipe, you can install a container for cooking, and at the same time use an additional plane fixed above the furnace hopper to heat water.

For the manufacture of this model will require the following blanks:

Name of materials	Dimensions	Quantity
Square tube for the manufacture of a furnace bunker	150×150×3 mm, length 450 mm	1 PC.
Square tube for the manufacture of the lower blower chamber	150×150×3 mm, length 180 mm	1 PC.
Square tube for the vertical section of the furnace	100×100×3 mm, length 650 mm	1 PC.
Metal plate for the panel above the firebox	300×150×3mm	1 PC.
Metal plate to cover the rear of the firebox tube	150×150×3mm	1 PC.
Metal corner for stand	50×50×3, length 300 mm	1 PC.
	50×50×3, length 450 mm	1 PC.
Reinforcement or rod for stand-corners	Ø 8 mm, length 300 mm	4 things.
Fittings or rod for grate	Ø 8 mm, length 170 mm	8÷9 pcs.
Triangular metal gussets for installing the hob	Steel 3 mm. Dimensions are adjusted exactly after the stove is assembled.	2 pcs.

A vertical pipe is marked, since its lower part must be cut at an angle of 30 degrees. A cut is made according to the markup.
Then a pipe intended for a furnace bunker is taken, and a hole 120 × 100 mm in size is marked and cut in its rear upper plane. A hole is also cut out from the bottom side of the furnace pipe, but already 150 × 150 mm in size - to connect this part of the furnace with the blower chamber.
In the next step, the back of the furnace bunker is welded with a plate prepared for this, and then segments of metal rods are welded to the bottom hole from the outside at a distance of 10 ÷ 12 mm from each other - this will be the grate of the furnace.
Next, you need to make a blower chamber. To do this, a piece of a square pipe measuring 180 mm is taken, and a cut is marked on it at an angle of 30 degrees so that the size of the blower is 100 × 180 mm. The part must have a bottom and side walls, and its upper part will be welded under the grate of the furnace hopper on three sides.
Now, for the comfortable carrying out of further work, the furnace must be placed on stands, which are made of metal corners, welded to the back of the combustion and blower chambers.
The next step is to work on the top of the oven. A vertical furnace pipe is welded to the upper opening of the furnace. After that, the fitting of the top panel is done, and the corners of the triangles - stands are determined. Their configuration is drawn on paper, and then transferred to a metal sheet and cut out.
The triangles are mounted on edge and welded to the vertical pipe and the "roof" of the brew bin. The triangular elements, together with the top plate, will create an airtight space above the firebox, thanks to which the metal panel will remain hot for a longer time.
Then, a plate measuring 300 × 150 × 3 mm is tried on and welded to the front upper edge of the furnace hole, the installed triangles-supports and the vertical pipe.
Having finished with this part of the furnace, it remains only to weld the corners to the upper part of the vertical pipe, which act as a stand for containers. Prepared reinforcing bars 300 mm long must be bent at a right angle so that they have the same sides. The corners must be welded to the four sides of the pipe, raising them to the same height, so that their upper edge is located above the plane of the vertical pipe mouth at a height of approximately 30 ÷ 50 mm.
After that, you can test the design, and then paint with heat-resistant paint.

Oven "Robinson"

The device purchased in the store does not have a door that allows you to adjust the intensity of the primary combustion in the firebox, and some home craftsmen repeat the Robinson factory model.

The Robinson oven can either be copied from the factory model, or some additions can be made

Other craftsmen who make the oven for themselves have tried to improve the design, making it more efficient, so you should pay special attention to such upgrades.

Variant copied from an industrial design

The main dimensional parameters of the Robinson stove

If a factory version of the furnace is chosen for self-manufacturing, then you can easily figure out its elements according to the drawing, especially since very few parts are required:

- Metal box of the furnace hopper, made of steel sheet 3 mm. The total size of the hopper is 150 × 100 × 300 mm. It is assembled from five plates 2 pcs. 300×150 mm; 2 pcs. 100×300 mm and 1 pc. 100×150 mm.

— Metal plate 150×200×3 mm to separate the blower channel from the combustion chamber.

- A metal pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 600 mm.

- Pieces of reinforcement with a diameter of 7 ÷ 8 mm and a length of 120 mm - for the manufacture of a grate.

- Three rings 25÷30 mm high, cut from a pipe of the same diameter as the vertical riser -100 mm, and one ring with a diameter of 110 mm;

- three nuts d13, which are welded to the bottom of the furnace hopper and are designed for screwing the legs;

- three identical pieces of a steel bar with a thread cut into them, or finished studs (long bolts) with an M8 thread.

It should also be clarified here that the upper stand may have a different configuration, since it does not play a special role in the efficiency of the device. The main thing is that this element does not have a solid upper plane and is not located close to the pipe mouth, otherwise there will be no proper draft in the furnace, and the fuel will not burn with the required intensity.

To make a stand of just this shape, you need to cut three rings prepared from a pipe in half, and then weld them to a metal rod.

Work on the manufacture of such a furnace model is slightly complicated by the fact that two elements of different shapes are used - a rectangular box and a round pipe. Assembly is performed as follows:

First you need to prepare a plate that separates the firebox from the blower. To do this, pieces of reinforcement are welded onto the plate, at a distance of about 10 mm from each other - this is how a grate will be obtained.
Then the finished plate with the grate must be welded to the side and rear walls of the furnace. It is welded, departing from the lower edge of 30 ÷ 35 mm. The plate must be installed exactly horizontally.
Next, the corner joints of the rear and side walls of the chamber are welded.
The next step is to weld the bottom part to the box, and to it - three nuts for screwing the legs.
Further, with the help of welding, the "roof" of the combustion chamber is fixed.
Then, the pipe is marked, as it must be cut at an angle of 30 degrees. After the cut, instead of a circle in the section, an oval is obtained.
The pipe must be attached with this oval to the middle of the surface of the “roof”, the welded box, in its lowest part and circled with a marker. A hole must be cut along this line in the plate, since a vertical pipe must be welded into it. You can also cut this shape using a high current welding machine, or a metal cutting machine.
Next, a pipe is welded into the hole. A stand is put on it to install the container. The legs are screwed to the structure, and a test is carried out, and then, if desired, staining.

An improved version of the Robinson furnace

This version of the stove repeats the design of the previous model, but differs in that the master installed a door on the furnace hole. In this case, the door swings up. But, it must be said that this method of opening is also not entirely convenient, since with the help of such a valve it is impossible to accurately regulate the thrust - in principle, it has only two positions. The best option would be a damper that moves up and down or left - right, which is installed in corners welded to the walls, 10 × 10 or 15 × 15 mm in size.

Robinson model, supplemented with a fuel chamber cover

In addition to this difference from the previous version of the furnace, there are several others:

For the manufacture of the furnace bunker, steel was used, 5 mm thick.
A square pipe was used for the vertical section.
As a stand for containers, corners, decorative metal balls are used, as in this case, or you can come up with your own version of this element, which will be the easiest to manufacture.
The stand for the oven itself is also different from the above options. It consists of a steel plate to which a leg made from a piece of reinforcement is welded.

To make this oven model you need to prepare:

- A pipe for the manufacture of a furnace bunker 400 mm long, with a section size of 160 × 160 mm.

- A pipe for a chimney 600 mm long and 120 × 120 mm in size;

- A panel separating the firebox and the blower gap. It is made of a steel sheet of 5 mm and a metal rod of 7÷8 mm. Its size is 155×300 mm.

- A plate with a size of 180 × 350 mm - for a stand under the oven;

– Metal panel measuring 160×100 mm.

The presented photographs show the material that is suitable for, as well as its cutting process. The cut part from the part of the vertical pipe can be used instead of the legs on the stove stand.

Jumper in the fuel chamber - to create a lower air channel

A dividing panel with a grate is fixed inside the firebox.
Then, the back wall of the furnace bunker is closed and a vertical pipe is welded.
Next, the entire structure must be installed and fixed by welding on a metal plate. As a support, a piece of metal rod or a triangular part cut from the chimney pipe is mounted in front.
On the upper edge of the vertical pipe, segments of corners are fixed at the corners by spot welding, which will become a stand for the container. They should have a height above the pipe of 40÷50 mm.
Further, a door is installed on the inlet furnace opening (on hinges, as in this case, or in the form of a sliding panel in a frame of corners).
The design is being tested. After that, the welding seams are cleaned, and the furnace is covered with heat-resistant paint for metal, which will not only make the device more accurate, but also prevent the appearance and spread of corrosion centers.

For someone who has the skills to work with various locksmith tools and, it will not be difficult to make one of the variants of the Robinson type furnace. The whole process of preparing parts and the assembly itself does not take much time, but the furnace will last a long time and become an indispensable assistant in various situations.

Therefore, if it is not possible to lay down a stationary heating structure in a country house or purchase a finished cast-iron or steel stove, then Robinson is exactly what you need. Moreover, its manufacture does not require a large amount of materials, and a very small amount of any available natural fuel is consumed to obtain the desired effect.

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Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket oven

Kinds

Details and operation of a jet heat generator

Calculation of parameters (tables)

Building materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

Preparing for the assembly of heating equipment

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for making

Design improvement

The subtleties of operating an unconventional furnace

Do-it-yourself rocket stove - instructions!

Principle of operation

Types of rocket furnaces

Stage 1. Materials and equipment

Stage 2. Preparation

Stage 3. Foundation

Stage 4. Masonry

Stage 5. Chimney lining

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Stage 1. Preparing everything you need

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Rules for the operation of rocket furnaces

About the rocket stove in the bath

conclusions

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Principle of operation

Advantages and disadvantages

materials

Tools

How to do it yourself?

Location selection

Solution preparation

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Masonry rocket stove with stove bench

Conclusion

How a Rocket Furnace Works

Stationary version of the furnace

On the advantages and disadvantages

Balloon Rocket Furnace

Brick rocket-type heater masonry

Conclusion

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket oven

Kinds

Details and operation of a jet heat generator

Calculation of parameters (tables)

Building materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

Preparing for the assembly of heating equipment

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for making

Design improvement

The subtleties of operating an unconventional furnace

The design and principle of operation of the furnace

Video: demonstration of the capabilities of the field rocket furnace "Robinson"

Camping stoves of the type "Robinson"

The first version of the camp stove

The second version of the camp stove - "Antoshka"

Oven "Robinson"

Variant copied from an industrial design

An improved version of the Robinson furnace

Video: homemade rocket-type metal oven