In French from 1 to 10. French numerals: what makes the counting system unique in France

Pinch your nose to get the right sound un. The French word "one" contains a nasal vowel that is absent in Russian. Therefore, it can be difficult to pronounce it correctly. Practice making a sound by lightly pinching your nose with your fingers.

• You can also try pinching your nostrils while pronouncing the word. It is as if you are breathing air.

Friends, if you are learning French, if you are still a beginner in this business, then in addition to the vocabulary basics that you comprehend, you also need to learn numbers in French.

If you know the numbers, counting to 10 in French, then this is a big plus for a beginner in the language. If you know the numbers in French, your advantage is that you can give the date, the date of the day, the phone number, the flight or bus number, or the taxi number.

Knowing numbers and numbers will be very useful for you when traveling or on a business trip. You can always find out the time, flight number, hotel address or price.

So, friends, since numbers only count to ten, you can easily master them in French. Here is a small plate with French numbers and their pronunciation in Russian transcription:

If you are learning numbers with a child ...

In order to quickly and easily learn French counting to ten, just repeat the numbers in order several times. In a few minutes you will notice that you already know them by heart. Practice a few more times to polish the score so that it "bounces off the teeth," so to speak.

Friends, if you are learning French with your baby, then knowing the count up to 10 is a must for him!

Repeat the numbers up to 10 several times each day until the child counts freely and without hesitation. To make it easy and fun for the baby, support him - repeat the numbers in chorus with him. You can say numbers up to 10 to the tune of a song.

On colored pieces of paper, draw funny people or objects by the number of numbers, from one to ten. Repeat the count by showing the child these pictures.

In addition, you will be helped by counting rhymes about numbers, with the help of which it is even more interesting to learn counting to ten:

Une, deux, trois:
Soldat de chocolat.
Quatre, cinq, six:
Le roi n'a pas de chemise.
Sept, huit, neuf:
Tu es un gros boeuf.

Combien faut-il de pommes de terre
Pour faire la soupe à ma grand-mère?
Huit: une, deux, trois, quatre,
cinq, six, sept, huit.

Un, deux, trois petites fleurs.
Quatre, sinq, six petites fleurs.
Sept, huit, neuf petites fleurs.
Dix petites fleurs!

In French, as in Russian, there is such a part of speech as the numeral. This part of speech is responsible for numbers, numbers, numbers.

French numbers, like numbers in Russian, can be divided into three groups:

• Cardinal numbers that the French use when counting something (one, two, three ...);
• ordinal, indicating the order in the account (first, second ...);
• fractional, indicating a part of a whole (one-seventh, seven point eight hundredths).

Since the system of numerals in French is built by analogy with Russian numerals, it is not difficult to learn and memorize it. Let's take a look at each of the three groups of numbers.

Friends, first of all, the conversation will be about Adjectifs numéraux cardinaux or cardinal numbers. These French numerals indicate the number of objects or persons and answer the question "how much?"

• Aumagasin,j ’aiachetéquatre ballons. - I bought four balls in the store.
• Deux filles se promènent dans le parc. - Twogirlsare walkingvpark.
• Combien d ’amisas-tu? - How many friends do you have?
• Combien de hô tes attends-tu aujourd'hui? - How many guests are you expecting today?

Cardinal numbers represent pages and chapters in books, for example: page numérohuit- page number eight; chapitre numéro trois-chapter number three.

To solve examples, the French also use cardinal numbers. For example: un et trois font quatre - 1 + 3 = 4; quatre moins trois font un - 4-3 = 1

Now let's do the math in French:

• 2-deux
• 3-trois
• 4-quatre
• 5-cinq
• 6-six
• 7-sept
• 8-huit
• 9-neuf
• 10-dix
• 11-onze
• 12- douze
• 13- treize
• 14-quatorze
• 15-quinze
• 16-seize
• 17-dix-sept
• 18- dix-huit
• 19- dix-neuf
• 20- vingt
• 21-vingt et un
• 22-vingt-deux
• 23-vingt-trois
• 30-trente
• 40- quarante
• 50- cinquante
• 60- soixante
• 70-soixante-dix
• 71- soixante-onze
• 72-soixante-douze
• 80-quatre-vingt
• 81- quatre-vingt-un
• 82-quatre-vingt-deux
• 90-quatre-vingt-dix
• 91-quatre-vingt-onze
• 92-quatre-vingt-douze
• 100-cent
• 101-cent un
• 200-deux cent
• 1000-mille
• 1000000-million

Quantitative French numbers are simple and complex. Simple numbers consist of one part (1,16,20,30,40,50,60,70). Compound numbers have two or more parts. All these parts of a complex number are connected with a hyphen, for example: 98- quatre-vingt-dix-huit; 73-soixante-treize

Note that the union et in some numbers it is used, and in some it is not. From 80 onwards, it is not used.

The definite article is not used before cardinal numbers: les lits- beds, deux lits- two beds; les fabriques- factories, quatre fabriques- four factories. But, when we mean both beds or all factories, the article does not disappear, but remains: les deux lits- both beds; les quatre fabriques- all four factories.

Cardinal numbers do not change, except for 20-vingt and 100-cent, but they also do not always change their form. It depends on whether they are followed by another part of the number, for example:

• cent quatre-vingts tulipes - 180 tulips
• huit cents livres - 800 books
• cent quatre-vingt-deux tulipes- 182 tulips
• huit cent deux livres- 802 books

Pronouncing cardinal numbers correctly

In the pronunciation of cardinal numbers, some numbers have their own characteristics. They need to be memorized in order to pronounce the words correctly and beautifully.

• In numeral 7-sept, letter R not pronounced.
• If after the numeral 9-neuf followed by a word beginning with a vowel or dumb h an (year) or heure (hour), then the letter f pronounced like v .
• In numerals 6-six and 10-dix the last letter is read as z , if this number is followed by a noun that begins with a vowel, in other cases it is pronounced as s .
• In numbers (complex and simple) that end in 6-six, 7-sept, 8-huit, the last letter in dates is not pronounced.
• In numeral 20-vingt letter t at the end is not readable, except in the case when it is followed by another part of a complex number, for example: 120-cent vingt(not pronounced); 29-vingt-neuf(pronounced).

We count ordinal numbers in order!

We figured out the quantitative, go to Adjectifsnuméraux ordinal number.

Ordinal numbers in French indicate the order of counting and answer the question quel /quelle.

• Quel appartement habitait ton ami? - What apartment did your friend live in?
• Mon ami habitait dans le troisième- My friend lived in the third apartment.

Remember! Ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix - ième to the cardinal number.

Now count with us in order:

• un-unième (rarely used, more often premièr (e))
• deux-deuxième, second (aire)
• trois-troisième
• quatre-quatrième
• cinq-cinquième
• six-sixième
• sept-septième
• huit-huitième
• neuf-neuvième
• dix-dixième
• onze-onzième
• douze-douzième
• dix-sept - dix-septième
• dix-huit - dix-huitième
• vingt-vingtième
• vingt et un- vingt unième
• trente-trentième
• quarante-quarantième
• cinquante-cinquantième
• soixante-soixantième
• soixante-dix - soixante-dixième

If the cardinal number ends with the letter " e», In the ordinal it disappears. Ordinal cinq-cinquième, for correct pronunciation the letter " u».

In Russian, ordinal numbers are used to pronounce the date (the second of December) or the name of the king (Louis the Fourteenth), while cardinal numbers are used for these purposes in French. For example:

• SeventhDecember2015 year- Le sept décembre deux mille quinze
• Louis the Fourteenth -Louis Quatorze

French fractional numbers

Moving on to Fractions. In French, as in Russian, fractional numbers are divided into two types: decimal fractions (4.7; 5.3) and ordinary fractions (4/8; 5/9)

For education common fraction you need to take the numerator as a cardinal number, and the denominator as an ordinal. For example:

• three sevenths - trois septième
• seven eighths -sept huitième

For education decimal, we use only cardinal numbers, but we pronounce virgule where the comma should be. For example: 5,9 — cinq, virgule, neuf .

But, please note:

• un demi- half
• un tiers-third
• un quart- quarter.

We wish you good luck with your numbers!

Romantic French is the official language (the only one, as in France, or one of four, as in Switzerland) in almost three dozen countries. According to various estimates, more than 270 million people around the world can freely express themselves in French.

• Reference for comparison: worldwide on English language speaks about 1.8 billion people, Chinese about 1.3 billion people have mastered at various levels, more than 0.5 billion earthlings communicate in Russian.

ON THE FRENCH SIDE, ON ANOTHER PLANET, I SHOULD STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITY ...

Learning French is both challenging and exciting at the same time, as the student is constantly in for a lot of surprises with foreign grammar and vocabulary.

Some of the simplest, and therefore favorite by most students, are the lessons on which the topic of numbers is taught. It would seem that there can be difficult here: 1, 2, 3 ... 8, 9, 10, 20 ... 70, 80 and so on. The main thing is to remember the names of units, tens, hundreds and combine them with each other.

But no, the system of French numerals has prepared a very peculiar approach for foreigners, which for some at first turns out to be quite difficult to understand. Most Russian-speaking students call the French number system difficult and inconvenient, since they have to memorize and adapt to a combination of decimal and decimal numbering systems.

But more to the point.

FRENCH COUNTER: WHAT IS WRONG?

With numbers from one to ten in French, everything is as clear as in Russian:

In a further account in Slavic languages there is an addition of the end-ten (that is, binding to the usual decimal system countdown). For example: one - eleven, two - twelve, then - two-twenty, three-twenty, five-ten, eight-ten, etc. Agree, remembering this order is not difficult.

In French numerals, the same frame of reference is repeated up to the number 16 (the numbers here are simple monosyllabic words obtained by simplifying the Latin names that became the "progenitors" of French words):

But starting with the number "17", a surprise awaits you. In theory, this number should look like this: septendecim(i.e. 7 + 10). But in practice, this and the next two numerals become two-syllable words, in which the usual ending, meaning - ten, or just ten, is put in the first place, so it looks like this:

With numbers from "20" to "60" inclusive, everything looks logical again. The names of dozens are derived from simplified Latin names:

All numbers in the range from 20 to 69 are formed according to the usual and extremely clear scheme: the required unit number is added to the tens.

• Say, if it is 33 (30 + 3), then the French call this number as follows: trente-trios (hyphenated), or 45 (40 + 5) = quarante-cinq. A small exception is numbers with one, in this case, instead of a hyphen, it is customary to use the union "et", for example, cinquanteetun (50 +1).

FRENCH MATH: WHY IS 80 IN FRENCH FOUR TIMES 20?

But, starting from the seventh decade, the French surprise us again. In their number system, the transition from decimal to decimal begins, so 70 is no longer 7 × 10, as one might assume but (6 × 10 + 10). For clarity, we represent the numbers in tabular form:

These three tens also apply their own rules for the formation of compound numerals.

For example, if you need to designate the number 72, then you can do this by adding the number 12 to 60, that is, in writing it will look like this: soixante-douze (60 + 12). In other words, the number 70 in French does not seem to exist - you have to get by with the number "60", adding the necessary numbers to it.

In the case of the numbers "80" and "90", the phrase "quatre-vingts" is used. If the number 81 is meant, then it will sound like "quatre-vingts-un" (4 × 20 + 1), if you need to say 91, then the French say "quatre-vingts-onze" (4 × 20 + 11).

• It should be noted that in a number of French-speaking countries (Switzerland, Belgium), and in some French regions, the "controversial" tens, namely, 70 - 80 - 90, are pronounced and used according to a simplified system, that is, as septante, huitante (octante) , nonante. These are "neoformative" numbers, which are used along with the "classical" ones.

In subsequent numerals in French, generally accepted rules are repeated. For example, the number 100 is translated as "cent", and 200, in turn, will sound like deuxcents (2 hundred), etc. Well, if you want to name (write in words) a large number, for example, 1975, then you will have to recall all the peculiarities and intricacies of the ten + decimal number French system, that is, it will look like this:

mille neuf cents soixante quinze (1000) + (900) + (6 × 10) + (15)

The dividing system of the account was also reflected in the monetary system of France: for example, 1 franc was, not 10, but 20 sous.

MIXED INTO A LOT OF CELTS, NORMANDIANS ...

Perhaps, at first glance, such a system of calculating and forming numbers really seems complicated and confusing, but in practice you get used to it quickly enough. The only question that arises is why it all happened this way in the French language?

Discussions about unusual, some even say - “anomalous” French numerals are still underway, and there is no consensus among the experts yet.

The main hypothesis is the ancient historical roots. The blame, obviously, is the relationship with other peoples, which influenced the development of the French language.

In particular, although the basis of the French language, which belongs to the Romance group, is Latin, in which, as you know, the decimal calculation is accepted, Celtic tribes once lived in the territory of Provence. This, as well as the active trade with the Vikings from Normandy, who, like the Celts, used the decimal number system, most likely, and influenced the French numbers.

• The Mayan and Aztec tribes also used the dividing system of counting.

Historians note that in the 17th century in France, there was a "confrontation" between decimal and decimal counting systems. In particular, the famous writers Molière and La Bruyere took part in it, who used (read - popularized) one system or another in their works.

The numbers in French sound very melodic and are somewhat similar to the numbers in other European countries: Spain, Italy and England. But at the same time, for example, there are significant differences in the sound of the numbers "four" and "five". Especially five and fifteen are hardly remembered by Russian children who begin to learn French numbers, and cumbersome numbers after eighty plunge into complete bewilderment.

French numbers from 1 to 20: transcription in Russian

Numbers in French are divided into simple and complex, consisting of one word and several.

From the above table, it can be seen that, starting with the number seventeen, the numbers take on a double form, consisting of the designation of tens and units in the number. This feature of the account applies to all numbers.

At the same time, in the numbers "twenty-one", "thirty-one" and so on, between the number denoting ten and one, for consonance, a union is added et(e), which does not apply to subsequent figures.

Features of the numeral system of France

In the language of romance and love, counting defies any logical direction and sometimes sounds like an absurdity in comparison with Russian numerals: nineteen translated into our familiar language sounds like “ten and nine”, thirty-seven like “thirty and seven”, that is, dozens are sounded and units separately.

The numbers "five" and "fifteen", despite the common five, sound completely different: "senk" and "kanz", which creates a significant problem in memorization. There is even an unspoken rule among French teachers teaching Russians that fifteen is not remembered by anyone even on the tenth try.

Numbers after seventy sound extremely unusual: in order to pronounce seventy-five, it is necessary to say "sixty and fifteen": soixante-quinze ( suasant kanz), and to sound the number seventy-eight: "sixty-ten-eight" (soixante-dix-huit - suasant-diz-whit). This creates a certain confusion in memorization, and only by delving into the peculiarities of the French account, you can understand this unusual principle of calculus.

Four to twenty

In this unusual method, the number eighty is expressed (quatre-vingts - quatr-van) and further all subsequent numbers up to a hundred are based on this principle:

• eighty two: four times twenty and two;
• ninety: four times twenty and ten;
• ninety two: four times twenty and twelve ( quatre van douz);
• ninety eight: quatr-van-diz-neuf.

The French owe such an unusual system of account to the Celts and Normans, who had a great influence on the formation of the language in ancient times: commercial transactions were carried out often and everywhere, and the twenty-digit account was very useful in long accounting calculations. By the way, the Aztecs and Mayans, famous for their mighty civilization and wisdom, also used the twenty-digit counting system.

Numbers over a hundred

After a hundred (cent - dignity) and two hundred (deux cents - de san- two to a hundred), everything becomes even more interesting, because with the pronunciation of French numbers a few words long, you have to work hard to make them sound natural and relaxed. For example: two hundred ninety seven would sound like deux-san-quatre-van-diz-set a 1999 - yong-mil-neuf-quatre-van-diz-nef. TO How do you need to bring the specifics of constructing French numbers to automatism, so that you can say this without hesitation!

Teachers recommend during the day, on a bus or in a traffic jam, while walking around the city, to say aloud (or silently) in French the numbers of houses, cars - any numbers that will catch your eye. This will make it possible to quickly master this complex twenty-digit counting system and freely navigate unusual world French numerals.