Country homemade new. DIY toilet: step by step instructions, photo, video, drawing

Today, a dacha is not just a garden with a house. Nowadays, the dacha becomes a place of summer recreation. And any vacation implies a beautiful and cozy environment, so that everything around us pleases our eyes.

Therefore, in recent years, the fashion for the creative design of your summer cottage has been gaining more and more strength. Moreover, decorating flower beds is not the only possible direction for ennobling your dacha. There are a huge number of photos with ideas for giving. But the M.Art company offers only modern types of landscaping using the latest technologies.

It is possible and necessary to decorate the territory of the dacha with improvised means: old things, unused furniture, parts from cars, and the like.

Thus, you will not only get rid of trash and decorate the cottage, but also enjoy and satisfaction from the work done.

We will tell you in detail below about the best ideas for giving your own hands.

craft ideas

In the decor of the site from improvised means, your main assistant should be your imagination. For example, plastic bottles can become both an original flower bed and guiding paths.

In addition, it is easy to create animals and birds from bottles and decorate your territory with them. Ordinary stones are also a good material for decoration. They are often used to frame their own pond.

Car tires have long been the best flower beds, but now they have learned to make swans and other animals from them.

Ideas for children's play areas

Dacha is a family place, and if so, then it is necessary to provide rest not only for adults, but also for children. And best of all, children will have their own play area.

If you have large trees growing on your site, they are well suited for creating a swing. Creating sandboxes, treehouses and slides: here is an incomplete list of interesting ideas for giving in a children's play area.

original fence

If a person is first evaluated by clothes, then dachas are judged by a fence. And the more unusual the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bdecorating the fence, the more impressive the guests will be.

You don't need anything supernatural to give your fence its own face: just paint and imagination.

By cutting out stencils of pictures, and then transferring them to the fence, you can achieve impressive results. Any picture made to scale can become a stencil, it's just up to your taste and patience in coloring.

Flowerbed - the best decoration for a summer residence

One of the oldest, but never out of fashion, country decor solutions are flower beds. The original flower bed contains not only an unusual containing vessel (be it a tire, a cart wheel, a jug or a home-made container of a non-standard shape), but also the flowers that grow on it.

Therefore, it is necessary that the coloring of the flower bed is one composition with the planted flowers.

In addition, the flowers themselves show how they are looked after, and serve as an indicator of the diligence of the summer resident and his love for his garden.

Scarecrows are an original idea for giving. They are used by very few summer residents due to the stereotype of their use as a scarecrow. However, if you use the original decor in creating a scarecrow and not limit yourself to the standard scarecrow figure, you get a very unusual and eye-catching country decoration.

Note!

Decoration of the place of rest

In the summer, coming to the dacha, you want not to hump in the garden, but to relax in the fresh air. Therefore, the more comfortable and beautiful you arrange a place for rest on the site, the more pleasant it will be there.

You can place a lot of things in the recreation area, for example, your own pond. It is not difficult to make it, it is enough to dig a hole in size, cover it with a material that does not allow water to pass through (polyethylene will do), and decorate it beautifully with stones on the sides, then fill it with water - the pond is ready!

Also, now they often arrange a barbecue area, gazebos in summer cottages, you can hang a hammock from a tree. Garden tiles for transitions greatly change the impression of ordinary walks around the site.

Some people prefer outdoor activities. For them, the installation of sports equipment in the country will be very to their liking - you can put a horizontal bar, bars and rings - we get a mini-gym in the fresh air.

How to decorate your site is up to you. With great imagination and due perseverance, the summer cottage is quite capable of even becoming John Tolkien's "hobby hole"! Or another fabulous corner, good luck!

Photo ideas for a summer cottage with your own hands

Note!

You do not dare to build a full-fledged bathroom in the country, but decided to limit yourself to the amenities in the yard? Agree, it would be great if this building was convenient to use and looked decent, and not only during the visit, it didn’t rain on your head? But on the way to the implementation of the plan, a drawing is required, but you do not know how to execute it correctly?

We will show you how to make a comfortable restroom out of an ordinary rural toilet. To do this, it is worth building not "by eye", but according to a pre-designed project. In the article, we have selected the simplest solutions, providing them with detailed diagrams and drawings. We also considered the popular types of closets for summer cottages, their features and types of materials used for construction.

In fact, drawing a country toilet does not have to be done on your own, you can use the ready-made solutions given in our article. Decide on the key features of the restroom, such as the materials used and the presence of a pit, and then choose the model of the toilet that you like. To help the novice designer, we have provided a detailed video on creating a drawing.

A country toilet is not such a simple design as many novice builders tend to think. There are a number of features that are important to consider when developing a project and building drawings.

Toilet rules:

1. Dimensions. Consider the dimensions of the interior of the restroom. The minimum allowable area is 1 x 1 m. If you save money and make the booth smaller, it will be inconvenient to use it. Also, special attention should be paid to the choice.
2. Height. There is also a height restriction. It is undesirable to build a toilet less than 2 m in height. To enter it, bent over, will get bored very soon.
3. Roof pitch. When constructing a shed roof, the back wall is designed slightly lower than the front. This is done to form a roof slope and rainwater runoff behind the building.
4. Lighting. If you do not plan to install electric lighting, make sure that daylight enters your toilet even when the door is closed. If you don't want to mess around with windows, cut at least a small hole in the top of the door.
5. Ventilation. Country toilet - the building is poorly ventilated. To fix this, a ventilation pipe is run along the back wall.
6. Shadow. So that it is not stuffy in the country toilet in the summer, place it in a shady place.
7. Place on the site. Another tip for choosing a construction site: avoid the proximity of a septic tank or cesspool to water intake sources, wells, wells. This is done for sanitary and hygienic reasons.

Image Gallery

No. 2 - drawing of a "birdhouse" with a saw cut table

A more complex architectural form is a country birdhouse toilet. This option is the most common. The drawings show that the side walls are in the form of rectangular trapezoids, and the back and front parts are rectangles.

Unlike the "hut", such a restroom is much more comfortable and spacious. More material will be required than for the previous option

So that the tree does not get wet and does not deteriorate from constant contact with the ground, it is recommended to make the toilet a little elevated.

Special skids are installed for the base, about 12-15 cm high. The drawing shows that the back wall is shorter than the front. The height of the latrine is 2.08 m at the back and 2.78 m at the front.

Thus, with a building length of 1.72 m, the roof slope will be about 22 degrees. The width of the "birdhouse" built according to this drawing will be 1.45 m.

Design solution with insulation.

All gardeners want their summer cottage not only to please with a harvest, but also to be attractive. It is not necessary to purchase expensive decorative items - good country homemade products can be made with your own hands from improvised materials, which for the most part we throw in the trash.

Useful crafts for the garden

As a rule, garden, suburban areas do not differ in large areas, and one can only dream of amenities in the form of a shower. Making a garden shower with your own hands is not difficult at all:

It is important to choose the right place to place the shower. It is better if it is an elevated place, then it is more convenient to equip the drain. Do not place the shower far from home so that you do not feel uncomfortable on a cool evening. Choose a site that is not covered by branches of shrubs and trees - the water will not heat up through them, and a lot of insects will fly in.

The simplest type of shower is in the form of a rack mounted on a wall or vertical panel. All you have to do is supply water and drain wastewater.

Among other useful homemade products for a summer cottage:

• A gazebo where you can have a good time on a summer evening.
• Recreation area with barbecue.
• Playground for kids: swing, horizontal bar, sandbox, small table with a bench.

Original flower beds

Flowers on the backyard are an indispensable element, with them the cottage looks attractive. An original flower garden can be made from various items - at least from an old wheelbarrow. Find a place for it in the landscape, fill it with soil and plant annuals. Lush multi-colored hats will attract attention with bright colors and fragrance.

You can turn an old bicycle into a flower stand. Place small planters with ornamental plants and flowers on it. It is better if they are different: low and medium in height, hanging down, of different colors and shapes.

On the fence or railings of an open terrace, verandas, you can place unusual flower pots, the role of which will perfectly play ... old teapots, bowls and pots. And the remaining single tea cups from the service can be hung obliquely against the wall: let the effect be created as if the flowers “poured out” of them.

In the garden, an old bathtub, a shabby wooden chair, a watering can can become the basis for a flower garden, even old shoes can become the basis for a planter. Such an unusual use of old things will delight the neighbors and your guests.

The original flower garden can be made from old car tires:

Paint the tire a bright color and hang it from a chain to a sturdy bough on a tree. Insert a planter with a flower inside the tire. Hanging flowering plants will look more effective.

Place the cover on the stand. Gently wrap it with thick jute twine so that each row fits snugly against the previous one. Fill the container with soil and plant flowers.

Original furniture for a summer residence can be made from wooden pallets. Sofas and benches, complemented by soft pillows, will make your stay comfortable.

On a Saturday evening, when you sit down to take a break from gardening, look around for material for original crafts for your site. Having shown imagination and making a little effort, you will turn your site into a cozy relaxation corner or a fairy-tale kingdom.

Photo of homemade products for summer cottages and gardens

After acquiring a suburban area for a summer residence, the question of how to build a country house with your own hands becomes relevant. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived, requiring the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for summer cottage construction is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe kt of a small country house

The size of the future home largely depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe summer cottage, the number of family members and the material capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up a successful project and choose an inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.

In any case, the first steps are drafting

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the location of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that may be established by the board of the gardening partnership, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:

• The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
• In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone structure, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
• So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.

Usually, the highest is chosen for the installation of a country house. place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, projects of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are mainly chosen. Often the building has an attic used to store garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.

Not necessarily in a country house, to build a full-fledged second floor, since an attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Having finished it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if the construction of a real fireplace or a brick oven is planned, then they must be included in the draft project.

There are also ready-made options for country houses, which are sold as a set in disassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions that set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and the connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.

For land owner, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything necessary for the electrical network of the building, for its ventilation system, and even for the installation of water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on a rough plan for the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

• The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be built in a frame way, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, special fire-retardant impregnations are on sale, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - it is the neglect of the elementary requirements of fire safety by people in the vast majority of cases that causes a fire.

• The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less prone to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and a high price for materials.

• Very often, when building a country house, different materials are used. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of wood walls, thus becoming a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of building a country house

Materials for building a country house

If there is no desire to mess around with calculations, then it is better to purchase a prefabricated model of a house that has a certain area, for which you will only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types of timber

foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

- sand, gravel, cement;

- third-rate board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

- waterproofing material (roofing material);

- expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:

- bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening knots;

- vapor barrier film;

- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.

After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.

The foundation of a country house

Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - this is a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

• The columnar foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

• To create a strip foundation, you will need not only more materials, but also a fairly long time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month until the filled tape completely solidifies and it gains brand strength.

However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make a basement under the house, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is chosen, it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Expanded clay of fine fraction - an excellent remedy for rodents

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house, the best choice is a frame structure

The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.

• If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
• Without exception, all wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.

• After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.

For the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take high-quality bars of the desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of sizes, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.

The table shows the optimal dimensions of a timber for a frame house:

• The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements are large in cross section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

• When the lower trim with support beams is ready, wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, in finished form, are lifted and fixed to the frame strapping bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.

• The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.

The bars are fixed to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in a vertical position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

• When installing vertical racks, you must immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping bar is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks, the section with the window opening is fixed in the place left for it.

• All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.

• The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

• If it is planned to sheathe the frame on the outside with clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and

The installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof is covered with a roof on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the issue with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of truss systems

A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, you need to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.

Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a puff.

The hanging structure itself consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal capital partitions that will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on a foundation.

With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. It is great for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

floor beams

An important structural element - floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

Beams are fixed to the frame structure of the walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of movement along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.

Installation of the truss system

The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:

• First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
• Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
• Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this embodiment will act as a Mauerlat.

The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

The maximum allowable length of the rafter leg (in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	Section of the rafter leg (in mm)
	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge of the load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, sliding support, corner, bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them with a ridge beam or board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.

Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:

For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.

• The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

• The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.

If a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a continuous one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which is overlapped by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm and glued together with bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

• For wooden houses, the following roofing materials are most often used (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
  

• On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ ​​200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.

• Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

• It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
• Further, the cornice overhang of the roof is finished - this can be done with a wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

• Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

• Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.

For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.

By the way, to mount the lining, Moreover, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

• Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled with mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy to the general appearance of the house.

• The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to align the entire structure to the level in the doorway of the wall.

The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf

Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. The door frame is fixed to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.

Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.

Installation and floor insulation

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

• To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame load-bearing beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

• Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
• From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.

• Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

• On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.

With the floor - finished!

• Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is absent, place the insulation along the inner slopes of the roof.

• First, vapor barrier material is fixed to all walls and ceiling beams. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
• After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why mineral wool is most often used as a heater - after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

• After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.

• The next step is wall cladding with wooden clapboard, or plywood. The latter, with subsequent decorative wall decoration, can be painted with water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

• Further, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.

• In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
• The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.

If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable craftsman who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the house structure. You can "mobilize" relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: construction of a country house using frame technology

The time spent in the country, as a rule, is seasonal in nature and relatively short: usually it is 1-2 days off and, if you're lucky, part of the vacation in a certain period. In such conditions, the issue of comfortable life, if it does not fade into the background, still acquires a slightly different meaning. Today we will talk, as the name implies, about an outdoor toilet - more precisely, about its own construction.

A toilet in a summer cottage, even if the construction of a residential building is still only in the future, must be erected without fail: the needs of the human body do not know everyday conventions and can manifest themselves at any moment, even if you visit just for a couple of hours to weed and water the beds . That is why on a new site they always put a toilet in the first place.

In the most general terms, an outdoor toilet is a compact booth where a person can not only retire, but also reliably hide from the weather, as well as a certain volume where the body's waste products are collected. As a rule, this is an ordinary cesspool, deep and spacious enough to apply for the services (paid, by the way) of a sewer as little as possible.

However, there are other, structurally more complex options. It is according to the method of waste disposal that the main classification takes place. Next, we will come back and talk about other types of outdoor toilets.

First, let's turn to, so to speak, the outer part of the toilet, the types of cubicles and how to make them, the most suitable for self-construction.

Classification by cabin type

The booth, or cabin of the country toilet in most cases belongs to one of four types:

1. "Birdhouse",
2. The hut, or "teremok",
3. hut,
4. House.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as the materials used for their construction - wood, metal profiles, slate, brick, as well as their combinations.

When planning the construction of a toilet, you do not need to invent its own design: each type has long been developed by specialists and tested many times, and the drawings are available and contain optimal dimensions that allow you to maintain compactness and at the same time ensure ease of use.

"Birdhouse"

Let's start traditionally with the most, perhaps, the simplest, and therefore the most common option, called the "birdhouse" because of a certain resemblance to a bird's house: the same parallelepiped stretched upwards with a shed roof sloping back.

A typical "birdhouse" toilet

As can be judged from the drawings and photographs provided, the construction of such a toilet is simple and consists of a frame sheathed with suitable material, with a single door in the front. For the frame, a wooden beam is most often used, from the same beam, or a smaller section, diagonal struts are made to stiffen the structure, and then everything is sheathed with boards. At the joints of the boards, narrow, 30-40 mm, “flashing” strips are traditionally stuffed so that there is no blow from the cracks, which are sure to form over time, no matter how tightly you fit the boards to each other.

Use of building materials

Wood is the most accessible material that is easily processed and does not require special skills or special tools.

Metal is another matter: this material is perfect for our purposes, however, for mounting a frame from a profile pipe, you will need a welding machine and good electric welding skills. Sheathing is made with sheets of corrugated board, which are attached to self-tapping screws or rivets. Here you can not do without an electric drill, screwdriver or riveter.

Often they choose the “medium” option: a wooden frame is sheathed with metal sheets or a metal frame with chipboard or USB boards: often the determining factor is the availability of suitable materials, for example, the remains of a “large” construction site.

Familiar slate is also sometimes used as the walls of a country toilet, at least as a temporary option, until the main construction is completed. Slate is used most often as a shed roof, although, of course, the “metal” version is no worse.

Sometimes the "birdhouse" is covered with boards, which are then sheathed with roofing felt or other similar material. This, of course, is not the best option, but it can be implemented as a temporary one.

Building toilet walls out of brick is a good option, solid and expensive. Such a decision can often be seen already at the stage of ennoblement of the territory, when all residential and utility buildings have already been built. A toilet made of the same brick as the rest of the buildings in the yard will look harmonious in the overall exterior.