CNC vertical drilling machines. Classification and purpose of the CNC drilling machine
CNC drilling machines are designed to automate the process of forming through and blind holes, countersinking, reaming. They differ from similar equipment in high speed of operations, as well as the ability to quickly change over to process parts of various configurations.
Types of machines and their design features
The presence of digital program control in the equipment makes adjustments to the design and layout. Drilling machines of this type have additional functionality and can be used for in-line production.
The main difference is the movable desktop. With the help of the feed system, it can change its position in the horizontal (longitudinal and transverse directions) and vertical planes. This is done using stepper motors or servo drives connected to an electronic control unit. Thus, the maximum rate of automation of the CNC drilling equipment is achieved.
The following design features are typical for this type of equipment:
- spindle arrangement - vertical or radial. Most often there are models with a vertical spindle and the ability to rotate the working head;
- execution - desktop or floor. For processing massive workpieces with large dimensions, a good stability index is required. Only floor models can provide it;
- revolver heads. They make it possible to use several types of drills without changing each. Changing the position of a particular drill is due to the displacement of the head;
- number of spindles. For simultaneous processing of a workpiece in complex machines, several spindles are provided.
The operation of the working head and the coordinate table is performed using the CNC unit installed in the equipment. Modern models have an electronic control unit with the ability to connect to a computer. This makes it possible to quickly compose programs for processing without intermediate activation of the machine. In the future, it is enough to load the PC into the control unit and test it.
An analogue of the turret is a tool magazine. This unit is designed for atomic change of the cutting tool in the process of material processing.
Based Specifications
The defining characteristics of CNC drilling machines are the set of functions, the parameters of the electronic control unit and the requirements for workpieces. To get acquainted with them, it is necessary to study the equipment passport.
Depending on the processing materials, CNC drilling machines can perform the formation of holes in wood or metal blanks. To perform these operations, additional nodes are provided in the equipment. For metalworking, there is a coolant supply unit and a container for collecting metal chips and dust. During the drilling of wood products, by-products are removed by air ventilation.
But despite these differences, equipment of this class has a number of common technical parameters:
- desktop feed parameters - maximum movement rates and the speed of these operations;
- frequency of rotation of the spindle head;
- rated power of the power plant of the main drive;
- allowable dimensions and weight of the workpiece;
- head design for installing a drill - classic, revolving or tool;
- coolant supply method. For metalworking equipment, the best option is to supply coolant through a drilling tool;
- positioning accuracy. To increase this parameter, hydraulic cylinders are used in the equipment. With their help, a reliable fixation of the part on the desktop is performed;
- desktop dimensions and the possibility of installing an additional structure for processing large workpieces;
- CNC parameters - type of control, methods of entering information, display devices.
Equipment of this type can operate in automatic or semi-automatic modes. In the first case, operations are performed without the participation of an employee. In the second, after each cycle, it is necessary to enter an exposing command to continue processing.
In the video you can see an example of the operation of multifunctional equipment:
CNC drilling machines are designed for drilling workpieces with high precision and productivity. They are used in woodworking, metalworking workshops, in the production of various parts of any kind of complexity, as well as in other industries.
CNC drilling machine
CNC drilling machines are used to perform operations on the processing of workpieces from various materials: drilling, preparing holes for mounting fasteners or fixing parts. They are used in small and large-scale production of hull or frame structures.
Device and principle of operation
The machines consist of the following components:
- steel or cast iron base;
- desktop with a movable coordinate plane;
- stepper motors for table positioning;
- turret for fastening drills;
- caliper;
- carrier column;
- electric motor;
- spindle speed switching boxes;
- pendant control panel;
- CNC block;
- safety glass;
- cooling systems.
It is also possible to expand the functions of the equipment to solve specific problems:
- rotary or inclined mechanisms of working tables;
- installation of thread-cutting cartridges;
- installation of mounted conductors;
- replacement of standard cartridges with quick-detachable or revolving ones;
- rotary column.
The following methods can be used to program the CNC:
- set the program through the control interface;
- installation of punched cards, use of punched tapes or other storage devices;
- changing the position of special switches or the use of stops.
The operation of CNC drilling equipment is based on the following principles:
- Programmed by the CNC or using preset settings.
- The operator sets the workpiece, determines its placement coordinates on the desktop.
- The coordinates are sequentially entered into the program.
- The program calculates the trajectory of the tool or desktop when starting the machining process.
- Drills are installed, fixed. Be sure to select their correct position inside the cartridges.
- The program is launched for execution. The mechanical units begin to work.
- The drill is positioned above the point specified by the program, the workpiece is processed.
- After processing is completed, the working tool moves to its original position.
- The control display shows a message that all tasks have been completed. Next, you need to replace the part with a workpiece, select a program, and sequentially execute the entire algorithm again.
Specifications
Main technical characteristics:
- maximum diameter of installed drills - 63 mm;
- desktop dimensions - 1.2x1.2 m;
- limit loads of blanks - up to 5 tons;
- spindle speed - from 16 to 2000 rpm;
- drill positioning speed in the plane - up to 10 thousand mm/min, and vertically - up to 3 thousand rpm;
- engine power - up to 10 kW;
- food - from one - or three-phase network.
Varieties
The following types of devices with program control are produced:
- horizontal or vertical CNC drilling machines for creating deep holes inside parts;
- central, which are used for drilling end holes in workpieces;
- radial drilling , used for processing large parts in heavy industry.
CNC coordinate drilling machine for metal by the number of spindles is:
- single-spindle, which is used to drill a hole of a certain diameter;
- multi-spindle, which allows drilling several holes of various diameters in parts in one process.
CNC Jig Drilling Machine
Selection principles
The choice of machines must be made on the basis of the following criteria:
- power unit power;
- drilling functionality - rotary table, fastening of one or a set of drills, positioning speed of the working tool;
- technical characteristics of the coordinate platform - dimensions, maximum allowable load;
- frequency of rotation of the head with a drill;
- type of cooling system installed, fluid supply method;
- parameters for moving the working tool over the table, which determine the allowable dimensions for the workpieces;
- positioning accuracy;
- CNC characteristics, ease of control, programming, data entry;
- equipment cost;
- duration of the warranty period;
- the complexity of maintenance, repairs, the availability of consumables for sale.
Exploitation
CNC drilling machines must be operated in accordance with the following requirements:
- installation is allowed only inside heated rooms with an optimal level of humidity;
- processing of workpieces that meet the requirements of the manufacturer of a particular model is acceptable;
- all components, mechanisms must be kept clean, lubricated, serviced, monitored, replaced in a timely manner, avoiding critical damage;
- before performing work, you should make sure that all units are fully operational, check the presence of protective screens, the ability of the machine to turn off in case of emergency;
- in the event of a malfunction, it is unacceptable to process the workpieces;
- it is unacceptable to drill parts from materials that do not fit the parameters of the installed drills;
- in case of interruption of the supply of coolant or oils for lubricating mechanisms, it is necessary to stop the operation of the machine for troubleshooting;
- after the start of the NC program, it is forbidden to touch the rotating or moving parts.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of drilling machines include:
- precise positioning of the drill above the surface of the part;
- multi-stage processing;
- adjustment of torque, speed, drill stroke along the center line;
- drilling at various angles;
- ease of programming the CNC, changing programs to perform various production tasks;
- automatic control of the current state of the machine;
- high reliability of mechanical parts;
- protection against overheating of the drill;
- high resource of units and mechanisms;
- many different models that allow you to move the spindle with a drill over the desktop or vice versa;
- ease of operation, maintenance, repair;
- high labor productivity;
- safety in work due to the absence of contacts with dangerous mechanical components.
Disadvantages of CNC drilling machines:
- high cost of equipment;
- large dimensions and weight;
- for work the trained personnel - operators, adjusters is required.
Quality parts manufacturing
Manufacturers and cost
Models of CNC drilling machines are produced at the following enterprises:
- JSC "Astrakhan machine-tool plant";
- CJSC ComTech-Plus;
- OAO Sterlitakamsk Machine-Tool Plant;
- Plant "PromStroyMash";
- JSC "Ryazan machine-tool plant";
- OAO Kirov Machine Tool Plant.
The cost of machines, depending on their types, is as follows:
- professional radial drilling desktop - from 120 thousand rubles;
- radial drilling for critical work - from 150 thousand rubles;
- heavy industrial - from 400 thousand rubles;
- industrial radial drilling with a support rotated by 360 - from 1 million 100 thousand rubles.
Machine tools, depending on the models, may differ in the specifics of work, interaction with the operator, and also have other features. However, the basic principle of processing blanks remains.
Information about the manufacturer of the vertical drilling machine 2R135F2
Manufacturer of drilling machines models 2R135F2, 2R118F2, 2N125, 2N135, 2N150, 2G175 - Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant founded in 1941.
The history of the Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant begins on July 3, 1941, when the evacuation of the Odessa Machine Tool Plant to the city of Sterlitamak began.
Already on October 11, 1941, the Sterlitamak Machine-Tool Plant began to produce special aggregate machines for the defense industry.
Currently, the plant produces metalworking equipment, including drilling and honing machines, CNC lathes and milling machines, multifunctional machining centers, metalworking and cutting tools.
2R135F2 CNC vertical drilling machine. Purpose and scope
Vertical drilling machine with a six-spindle turret, with a cross table and numerical control (CNC) is designed for drilling, reaming, countersinking, reaming, threading and milling in small-scale and mass production of various industries.
The 2R135F2 drilling machine is used in the processing of body parts and parts such as "flange", "lid", "plate", "lever", "bracket".
The wiring diagram and CNC allow the following technological operations to be carried out on the machine:
- drilling;
- End trimming (forging);
- Boring;
- Threading;
- Deep drilling;
- Milling.
The principle of operation and design features of the machine
The presence on the machine of a six-spindle turret for automatic tool change, a cross table with program control allows for coordinate processing of parts such as covers, flanges, panels without preliminary marking and the use of conductors.
Vertical drilling machine 2R135F2 has a large range of spindle speed and feeds, which fully provide a choice of standard cutting conditions when processing various structural materials.
The machines ensure the accuracy of the center distances of the machined holes up to 0.10-0.15 mm and can operate in an automatic cycle (in this mode, multi-operational processing of parts with a large number of holes is performed).
The design of the machine 2R135F2. A column is mounted on the base of the machine, along the rectangular vertical guides of which the spindle head (caliper), carrying the turret, moves. Gear box and feed reducer are rigidly mounted on the column. The cross table has a base along which the sled carrying the table itself moves in the transverse direction. The latter, in turn, can move in the longitudinal direction along the guide rail. The movement of the sled and the table is carried out from the gearboxes.
Numerical control system. The machine tool model 2R135F2 is equipped with a numerical control device " Coordinate С70-3", machine model 2R135F2-1 with CNC device 2P32-3, which provide simultaneous movement of the table along the X and Y axes when positioning the movement control along the axis (from the coordinate), makes it possible to control the rotation of the turret, select the amount of working feed and spindle speed. The device has a digital indication, it is possible to enter corrections for the tool length.
The CNC positional rectangular system is closed; code converters are used as a measuring one. The positioning accuracy of the table and support is 0.05 mm, the discreteness of programming and digital indication is 0.05 mm. Number of controlled coordinates: total - three; two at the same time.
Design organization - Experimental Research Institute of Machine Tools (ENIMS) and Sterlitamak Machine-Tool Plant named after. V. I. Lenin.
The machine was accepted for serial production in 1979.
Overall dimensions of the working space of the machine 2r135f2
Photo of a CNC vertical drilling machine 2r135f2
Location of the main parts of the drilling machine 2R135F2
Location of the main components of the machine 2r135f2
Designation of the main parts of the drilling machine 2R135F2
- Machine base
- Table sled
- Turret
- Headstock (caliper)
- Gearbox
- Feed reducer
- Pendant control
- Cabinet with electrical equipment control equipment
- Cabinet with CNC equipment
- Column
- cross table
On the basis (bed) 1 of the machine there is a sled 2 of the cross table, which has telescopic protection of the guides. The spindle head moves along the vertical guides of the column, on which a six-spindle turret is mounted, which allows automatic tool change according to the control program. To speed up manual tool change, the turret has a special pressing device. The machine can be controlled from the pendant.
Movements in the machine
- The main movement is the rotation of the spindle with the tool
- Movement along the axes of the machine:
- Axis X - longitudinal feed - longitudinal movement of the table along the guide slide
- Y-axis - transverse feed - transverse movement of the slide along the bed rails
- Axis Z - vertical feed - vertical movement of the headstock (caliper) along the rack rails
- Auxiliary movements - rapid movement of the caliper, periodic rotation of the turret, precise and rapid movements of the table and sled (positioning movement).
To control the movements of the table (X and Y coordinates) from a program written on punched tape, the machines are equipped with various CNC devices (one of the most common is the CNC "Coordinate S-70"). The Z-coordinate feed is carried out in the cyclic control mode. For coordinate movements of the table, manual data entry on the CNC control panel can also be used. The presence of digital indication allows you to visually monitor the position of the table, as well as control the correctness of the program recording on punched tape.
The machines provide feedback on the position of the working bodies on each of the two movements controlled from the punched tape. Circular electrocontact encoders are used as feedback sensors. The movement of the turret on fast and working strokes in both directions is limited by adjustable cams acting on the switches (electric stops).
Kinematic diagram of the drilling machine 2R135F2-1
Kinematic diagram of the drilling machine 2r135f2-1 with CNC 2P32-3
The kinematic diagram of the machine (Fig. 4.6) consists of the following independent kinematic chains: the drive of the main movement (rotation of the turret spindles); cross table feed drive; caliper drive with turret; turning the turret; pressing tools out of spindles.
Chain of the main movement
Main drive circuit: two-speed asynchronous motor M1 (N=4/4.5 kW; n=1470/990 rpm) - gear train 29/41-shaft I - shaft II (through gears 24/48 and 36/36 at with M1 and M2 clutches engaged or through gear 14/36 with M3 clutch engaged) -shaft III (through gears 14/36 and 48/24 with M4 and M5 clutches engaged) -shaft V through bevel gear 21/21 - to one of turret spindles through gears 35/42; 31/49; 49/47; 47/35.
Cross Table Feed Drive Chain
The cross table feed drive chain has two gearboxes, one of which moves the table along the sled (X axis), and the second - the movement of the sled along the frame (Y axis).
Slider drive kinematic chain
The kinematic chain of the sled drive ensures their fast, medium and slow movements. Rapid movement (at a speed of 7000 mm / min): M4 electric motor (N = 0.6 kW; p = 1380 rpm) - gears 16/40; 34/22; 22/52; 52/34 - ball screw.
Moving at an average speed (200 mm / min): M4 electric motor - gears 16/64; 25/55; 25/55; 38/42; 22/52; 52/34 - ball screw. Slow movement (with a speed of 50 mm / min): M4 electric motor - gears 16/64; 25/55; 25/55; 16/64; 22/52; 52/34 - ball screw. A feedback sensor is mounted on the ball screw.
The movement of the table along the sled comes from the M5 electric motor (N = 0.6 kW; n = 1380 rpm); the kinematic chain of the drive for this movement is similar to the kinematic chain of the drive for moving the slide.
Turret caliper drive chain
Turret caliper drive circuit: DC electric motor M2 (N = l.3 kW; n = 50..2600 rpm) - gear 13/86 (or gear 37/37 - worm gear 4/25 - lead screw, equipped with a brake clutch (preventing arbitrary lowering of the caliper when the electric motor is turned off) and a DZ feedback sensor.
Turret drive chain
Turret turning drive circuit: M3 electric motor (N=0.7/0.9 kW; n= 1400..2700 rpm) - gear 23/57 - worm gear 1/28 - gear 16/58 - turret body .
Pressing tools out of spindles
Pressing out tools from spindles: M3 motor - gear 18/52 (with the clutch engaged) - worm gear 1/28 - gear 21/21 - eccentric mounted in the groove of the turret axis of rotation and a pressing tool.
Lubrication of the turret support
Lubrication of the turret caliper is carried out forcibly according to the following scheme: MZ electric motor - gears 18/52; 52/75 - EZ eccentric, driving the plunger pump.
Gearbox lubrication
The gearbox is lubricated by a gear pump driven by the gearbox motor through a V-belt. The oil supplied by the pump enters the distribution chamber, where it is distributed to lubricate all moving parts of the gearbox and electromagnetic clutches, and then drained into a reservoir. The oil level is controlled by an oil gauge.
Lubrication of caliper and cross table feed gearboxes
The lubrication of the caliper feed gearboxes and the cross table is carried out by spraying oil with gears. The oil level is controlled visually using oil gauges.
Lubrication of the guides and screw pairs of the cross table
The guides and screw pairs of the cross table are lubricated manually using a lubricator. Turret spindle bearings are lubricated with grease.
Coolant supply
The coolant is supplied from a centrifugal pump. To cool the tool in the cutting zone, an individual drive is provided that allows you to direct the coolant jet to the right place. The supply of coolant in the automatic cycle begins when the caliper moves down (the beginning of the working feed) and stops when the caliper returns to its original position (the corresponding toggle switch must be turned on on the control panel).
Electrical equipment of the machine
The electrical equipment of the machine consists of a separate cabinet of relay automatics and a CNC, as well as elements installed directly on the machine. Electrical connections between the nodes of the machine and the CNC are made with bundles in metal hoses ending in connectors.
The electrical circuit of the machine provides the following modes of operation:
- commissioning;
- semi-automatic with job input from CNC switches;
- semi-automatic with the input of a task from a punched tape;
- automatic with the input of a task from punched tape.
The mode is selected using the switches located on the control panels of the machine and the CNC.
Machine setup
Regardless of the position of the mode switch on the CNC control panel, the adjustment mode is switched on by switch 23 located on the control panel of the machine (Fig. 4.7). In the adjustment mode, carried out by means of the controls located on the machine control panel, the following is performed: turning the turret to a predetermined position; extrusion of the tool; turning the spindle rotation on and off; moving the table along the X and Y axes in accordance with the selected speed and direction; movement of the turret support along the Z axis in accordance with the task.
Setting the working bodies of the machine to the zero position
The installation of the working bodies of the machine in the zero position is carried out automatically before the command "Enter the program". When button 15 is pressed, the turret support quickly rises until the limit switch is activated along the Z coordinate. The table moves until the limit switches are activated along the X and Y coordinates, while commands are sent to the CNC about the initial position of the working bodies. The installation cycle is complete.
Turret rotation
To select the position of the turret, the switch 24 is set to the desired position. Pressing button 6 starts the cycle of turning the turret to the position specified by switch 24. When button 6 is pressed and there is no task, the head makes non-stop movement.
Turning on the spindle in the "Setup" mode
Turning on the spindle in the “Setup” mode for all operations (except threading) is done with button 21, and turning it off - with button 22 (when threading, buttons 21 and 22 do not work). The spindle speed is set by switch 27.
Movement of working bodies along the axes X, Y, Z
Movement of working bodies along the axes X, Y, Z. The choice of the working axis is made by switch 4.
The choice of fast, medium or slow movement is made by switch 7, and the direction of movement is selected by switch 5.
Setting the start of the program in the XY plane
To adjust the beginning of the program in the XY plane, use mandrels-catchers or probes. In manual mode, they combine the spindle axis with the beginning of the program, type on the CNC control such values of zero offset along the X and Y axes, which give zero readings of the digital indication.
The machine is adjusted along the Z axis after installing the cutting tool in the turret spindle. In the initial position of the caliper, it is checked that the turret does not touch the fixture with the workpiece clamped in it during rotation.
Installation drawing of a drilling machine 2r135f2
Technical characteristics of the machine 2R135F2
| Parameter name | 2R135F2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Main parameters of the machine | ||
| The largest drilling diameter in steel 45, mm | 35 | |
| The largest diameter of the cut thread in steel 45, mm | M24 | |
| The smallest and largest distance from the end of the spindle to the surface of the table, mm | 40..600 | |
| Distance from the axis of the vertical spindle to the rack guides (outreach), mm | 450 | |
| The largest diameter of the cutter, mm | 100 | |
| The greatest depth of milling, mm | 2 | |
| Maximum milling width, mm | 60 | |
| Longitudinal movement of the table along the slide rails (X-axis), mm | 630 | |
| Transverse movement of the slide along the guides of the frame according to the program (Y axis), mm | 360 | |
| The greatest movement of the spindle head according to the program (Z axis), mm | 560 | |
| Caliper. Spindle grandma. Spindle | ||
| Spindle speed, rpm | 45..2000 31..1400 | |
| Number of spindle speeds | 12 | |
| Fast travel speed of the caliper (headstock), m/min | 4 | |
| Number of caliper feeds along the Z axis, mm | 18 | |
| Caliper feed, mm | 10..500 | |
| Maximum allowable torque, Nm | 200 | |
| Spindle taper | ||
| Desktop | ||
| Dimensions of the working surface of the table, mm | 400 x 710 | |
| Number of T-slots Dimensions of T-slots | 3 | |
| Speed of fast movement of a table and a sled, m/min | 7 | |
| Table and slide feed speed during milling, m/min | 0,22 | |
| Minimum table travel speed, m/min | 0,05 | |
| Positioning accuracy of the table and sled at the stroke length, mm | 0,05 | |
| CNC system 2P32-3 | ||
| Number of controlled coordinates | 3 | |
| Number of simultaneously controlled coordinates | 2 | |
| Discreteness of setting the movement of the table, sled and caliper, mm | 0,01 | |
| Electrical equipment, drive | ||
| Main drive electric motor, kW | 3,7 | |
| The electric motor of the drive for moving the headstock (caliper), kW | 1,3 | |
| The electric motor of the drive for moving the sled and the table, kW | 1,1 | |
| Turret rotation drive electric motor, kW | 0,75 | |
| Electric coolant pump Х14-22М, kW | 0,125 | |
| Machine dimension | ||
| Machine dimensions, mm | 1800 x 2170 x 2700 | |
| Machine weight, kg | 5390 |
- Grachev L.N. Design and adjustment of machine tools with program control and robotic systems, 1986, p.122
- Panov F.S. Work on CNC machines, 1984, p.163
- Loskutov V.V. Drilling and boring machines, 1981, p.130
- Vinnikov I.Z., Frenkel M.I. Driller, 1971
- Vinnikov I.Z. Drilling machines and work on them, 1988
- Sysoev V.I. Handbook of a Young Driller, 1962
Bibliography
The CNC vertical drilling machine, which is in demand at many enterprises, is divided into different types and complexity classes. Such machines are used to perform work on drilling various holes in workpieces; engage in countersinking, reaming.
For these operations, as well as for threading inside the part, they use drills with cylindrical or conical shanks, threading heads, reamers, countersinks, taps, and other tools.
Advantages
The main parameter of drilling equipment is perfectly accurate holes. Achieving this goal is served by the capabilities of such drilling machines:
- desktop and on a column;
- those in which the spindle is fed automatically;
- vertical - with one and several spindles;
- aggregate and specialized;
- horizontal centering, radial and thread-cutting.
Taking into account the peculiarities of the manufactured products, production volumes, it is good to have stationary equipment of all types in the technical base of the enterprise in order to perform drilling on machines that are optimal in this case.
Fields of application of equipment
The main scope of drilling machines is metalworking operations. Fixing the tools in the spindles is vertical, and the workpieces to be processed are fixed on the desktop. It is very difficult, by moving the parts, to combine the axis of its future hole with the axis of the drill by eye. Therefore, this process is automated in order to orient the workpiece, to obtain a hole with the desired diameter.
The catalog of equipment with program control includes the following items of popular machines:
- desktop - with one spindle, used for drilling small holes - up to 12 mm;
- radial drilling - with its own scope, processing large heavy workpieces and drilling holes that must be arranged in an arc;
- horizontal drilling - for making deep holes in the nodes for small arms, artillery weapons;
- central - with its participation in the ends of the blanks, center holes are drilled;
- multi-spindle - effective if you need to drill several holes at the same time;
- with a rotary spindle - able to work simultaneously in two planes;
- aggregate - has several power heads acting independently;
- the special machine is limited to a set of certain functions.
Equipment has been created that performs combined processing of workpieces: with drilling and boring functions simultaneously, for drilling and cutting operations (multi-spindle version) and automatic centers for drilling profile.
As for working with wood, vertical ones are popular, processing on one or two sides; performing drilling together with milling and slotting works, they are also designed for making grooves, nests and removing knots.
Vertical type machines
A distinctive feature of such machines is that the location of the cutting tool on the rack is vertical, it starts moving thanks to a powerful electric motor. And the movable beam moving along the rack is a place for the location of the main nodes that provide the technological process.
The type of control for most vertical machines is manual or semi-automatic.
But when efficient work is needed to establish mass production, CNC vertical drilling machine is preferred. It can be radial (regular or high-speed); with a box-section column, cantilever or with a magnetic cushion.
Serial production longevity
Among the machines for drilling vertical type, there is a model 2r135f2. Its serial production began in 1979. This domestic unit, along with other popular models, is produced at the Sterlitamak Machine-Tool Plant. In addition to drilling metalworking equipment, the company produces a variety of honing machines - grinding and lapping machines used for rollers, plungers, bushings, concentric holes in parts. Dozens of models of metalworking equipment and cutting tools leave the factory conveyor.
If we talk specifically about the 2r135f2 model, then it belongs to the especially functional ones. This vertical CNC drilling machine in the turret has six spindles, a coordinate table, also called a cross table. It is he who contributes to maximum rigidity, high accuracy, provides convenient installation and tool change.
It performs work on:
- countersinking, drilling, reaming and reaming;
- milling blanks in the technological process;
- processing of parts, without preliminary markup;
- thread cutting;
- coordinate processing of workpieces.
This type of equipment has many advantages. It suffices to name only 5 main ones:
- Works with a wide range of spindle speeds and feeds.
- Autonomously selects the normative mode of processing workpieces from different materials.
- The accuracy of the distances between the axes of the machined holes is achieved.
- Actually, turning on the automatic mode, turn the turrets.
- Performs automatic multi-operation work with a large number of holes.
The design of the machine is extremely simple. Its base is connected to the column, and the caliper moves along the vertical guides. Rigid installation of the feed reducer and gearbox was made on the column. The sled moves on the basis of the coordinate table. They move the desktop in the transverse direction. With the help of a gearbox, the table can move in the other direction.
The 2R135F2 model was awarded the highest quality category, and the numerical control simultaneously ensures the movement of the desktop along two axes - with precise positioning up to 0.05 mm.
Equipment of new models
CNC models are also in demand by enterprises - F6, F8, F10. They serve to drill through and blind holes with high accuracy in the planes and ends of furniture panels, blanks from timber. They then go to the manufacture of cabinet furniture.
Such equipment has found application in furniture factories engaged in mass or serial production. Machine tools have many advantages:
- in one pass of the workpiece, the process of drilling all the filler cards is ensured;
- ease of use: there is no need to reconfigure the machine for each part, the desired program is selected and a new type of workpiece is installed;
- ease of programming: the optimization program itself chooses the additive option (as fast as possible with this tool);
- possible through operation mode (the machine is served by two) or the panel return mode to loading (when one operator is working);
- reliable fixation of workpieces is provided by pneumatic brakes;
- equipment can be controlled using an ergonomic remote displaying all operations performed.
Machine operators have the ability to adjust the length, width and thickness of the material, and vertical spindles (there are 7 of them) and 1-2 horizontal ones are involved in the work.
Horizontal drilling centers
Horizontal CNC drilling machines are convenient to process massive workpieces in a short time, the spindle with a cutting tool - a large drill, is located in a horizontal plane. On many models, the workpiece is stationary. The tools themselves, due to the presence of a rotating drum (it has several movable spindle heads), approach the workpieces, accurately finding drilling points.
A range of modern drilling equipment, in addition to machine tools that can be found in garages, car repair shops, furniture production, in the aircraft industry and instrument making; is represented by reliable and extremely accurate high power CNC drilling centers that guarantee the highest quality.
Conclusion
Drilling equipment with numerical control capabilities is in demand in the field of industrial production, especially the vertical type of machine tools. When purchasing it, many are guided by the brand or are guided by financial considerations, choosing domestically produced equipment or manufactured abroad. The main thing is that the machine has a factory warranty from the manufacturer, corresponds to its intended purpose and clearly performs its functions.
CNC gantry drilling and milling machine is used for drilling, tapping and milling. Equipped with both external coolant supply and coolant supply through the tool. Mainly used for processing flanges, heat exchangers and tube sheets. can be used in mass production of various parts.
Design
The CNC coordinate drilling machine consists of a frame with longitudinal guides along which the portal moves with a support on which a vertical drilling spindle head is fixed. The machine is equipped with a main and auxiliary work table, three-jaw hydraulic clamp, chip conveyor, hydraulic system, coolant supply system, centralized lubrication system, axis drive control system, pneumatic system, etc. In the basic version, the CNC coordinate drilling machine is equipped with one drilling spindle. By order, up to 4 vertical drilling spindles are installed on the machine to increase productivity.
Advantages
CNC jig drilling machine with fixed table and movable gantry saves a lot of space compared to machines with movable table. The machine bed is welded. Through the use of artificial aging technology of the welded frame, the stability and accuracy of the machine is ensured. The reinforced portal significantly increases the rigidity of the entire system, providing significant cutting speeds. The working table is equipped with transverse T-slots for fixing clamping tools and workpieces.
Spindle
The CNC coordinate drilling machine is equipped with a spindle with a 37 kW motor. On request, you can install a spindle with a power of up to 56 kW and additional - up to 4 pieces - spindles. The BT50 precision spindle with internal cooling rotates at speeds from 30 to 3000 min-1.
Handwheel control panel
The handwheel control panel allows you to manually set the spindle position for drilling the first hole. This speeds up the whole procedure for holes of the same diameter. This saves a lot of time, improving production efficiency. In addition, the handwheel console can perform the following functions: it can break chips, it allows you to remove chips, pause processing and prevent drill breakage.
Optical device for finding the edge of the workpiece
The CNC coordinate drilling machine is equipped with an optical device for finding the edge of the workpiece, which makes it easy to determine the position of the edge of the workpiece in automatic mode.
CNC SIEMENS 808D
The CNC system SIMENS 808D (Germany) with LCD screen and RS232 interface is installed on the portal drilling machine. Drilling coordinates can be set by direct CAD / CAM transformation or by using a dialog interface. The CNC system can compensate for errors, has an automatic alarm function, etc. Holes in the workpiece can be automatically repeated. With the function of previewing and rechecking the position of the hole before drilling, the machine is very easy to operate.
The best components
To ensure accurate and stable operation, all important parts of the gantry drilling machine, such as precision spindle, ball screw, linear roller guide, CNC and servo drive system, hydraulic pump, valves, etc., are used only from the best famous brands in the world.
| Specifications | GZC2020 | GZC2525 | GZC3030 |
| Maximum workpiece size, mm | 2000x2000 | 2500x2500 | 3000x3000 |
| Maximum workpiece thickness, mm | 300 | 300 | 300 |
| Width of T-slots of the desktop, mm | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Number of vertical spindles, pcs. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Spindle type | BT50 | BT50 | BT50 |
| Maximum drilling diameter, mm | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Maximum drilling depth, mm | up to 300 | up to 300 | up to 300 |
| Spindle speed, min-1 | 30-3000 | 30-3000 | 30-3000 |
| Spindle motor power, kW | 37/56 | 37/56 | 37/56 |
| Maximum spindle torque, Nm | 700 | 700 | 700 |
| Distance between spindle and table, mm | 280-780 | 280-780 | 280-780 |
| Movement along the X-axis (gantry), mm | 2000 | 2500 | 3000 |
| Travel speed along the X axis (gantry), m/min | 0-10 | 0-10 | 0-10 |
| X-axis servo motor, power/torque, kW/Nm | 2x3.5/28.4 | 2x3.5/28.4 | 2x3.5/28.4 |
| Movement along the Y-axis (caliper), mm | 2000 | 2500 | 3000 |
| Movement speed along the Y axis (caliper), m/min | 0-10 | 0-10 | 0-10 |
| Y-axis servo motor, power/torque, kW/Nm | 3.5/28.4 | 3.5/28.4 | 3.5/28.4 |
| Movement along the Z axis (drilling head), mm | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Movement speed along the Z axis (feed), m/min | 0-5 | 0-5 | 0-5 |
| Z-axis servo motor, power/torque, kW/Nm | 3.5/28.4 | 3.5/28.4 | 3.5/28.4 |
| Positioning accuracy along the X axis, mm | 0.06/full length | 0.06/full length | 0.06/full length |
| Positioning accuracy along the Y axis, mm | 0.06/full length | 0.06/full length | 0.06/full length |
| Repeatability along X-axis, mm | 0,03 | 0,03 | 0,03 |
| Repeatability along the Y axis, mm | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Hydraulic pump pressure/capacity, MPa / L/min | 6,5/25 | 6,5/25 | 6,5/25 |
| Hydraulic pump engine power, kW | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Compressed air pressure, MPa | ≥0.4 | ≥0.4 | ≥0.4 |
| Chip Conveyor Type | leaf chain | ||
| Number of chip conveyors, pcs. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Chip conveyor speed, m/min | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Chip conveyor motor power, kW | 0,75 | 0,75 | 0,75 |
| Coolant supply motor power through the tool, kW | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Engine power of external coolant supply, kW | 0,75 | 0,75 | 0,75 |
| Pressure in the automatic lubrication system, MPa | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| The volume of supply of spot lubrication, ml. | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
| Siazki cycle, min. | 6-10 | 6-10 | 6-10 |
| CNC system | SIEMENS 808D | ||
| Number of CNC controlled axes, pcs. | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Total power consumption of the machine, kW | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| Machine size, LxWxH, m | 6.2X5.3X3.6 | 7.1X6.0X3.6 | 7.5X6.4X3.6 |
| Machine weight, t. | 25 | ||
