Do-it-yourself brick pyrolysis oven ordering. Long-burning pyrolysis ovens: device and methods of making it yourself

Pyrolysis is a process by which the thermal decomposition of fuel occurs. That is, the fuel in this case does not burn immediately, but decomposes into solid residues with the release of pyrolysis gases. Further, these gases are mixed with oxygen, as a result of which both the gas itself and the remaining fuel are almost completely burned.

Important! It turns out that the combustion of fuel using this technology occurs in two stages. And if at the first stage the separation of solid residues is carried out, then it is possible to obtain a finished coke production. However, the main heating occurs as a result of mixing of pyrolysis gases with air, which is already observed at the second stage.

How does a pyrolysis oven work

In order to better understand what such structures are, it is necessary to consider in detail the principle of a pyrolysis oven. The high efficiency and economy of such heating devices are due to their design features. Classic pyrolysis ovens have the following operating principle:

There is a built-in firebox in the body of the device, into which firewood is laid... The peculiarity of the furnace design is that the air flow here is very small. For this, the firebox has a tight door that closes hermetically, as well as a supply and exhaust fan.
Firewood is put into the firebox which can be ignited either with the built-in burner or manually.

Some time is allotted so that the wood burns properly, after which air access is limited to the firebox.
In view of lack of oxygen, wood is charred, as a result of which gas is released entering another combustion chamber through a special air duct. Here, the incoming gas mixes with air, during the combustion of which most of the heat is released.

The video shows the design of the pyrolysis oven and how it works.

Important! There are various designs for the second chamber. It can assume the presence of a separate supply and exhaust fan, or it can be serviced by a combustion fan. There are also options for functioning on natural draft. In this case, the chimney system assumes the presence of several sealed dampers.

A rotary retort is available for coal extraction in industrial and artisanal furnaces. It most often has a round shape.
If the coal has not been removed from the furnace, then it is also burned, maintaining a constant temperature regime in the first furnace. As a result, practically no ash remains in the furnace, the loaded fuel is completely burned, which is one of the key features of this type of furnace.

Important! The pyrolysis furnace needs ash removal approximately once a week.

Advantages and disadvantages

The pyrolysis plant has a number of advantages, among which the following should be highlighted:

Due to the complete combustion of firewood and the duration of operation on one load, such stoves are highly economical.
Heats up quite quickly, providing effective heating of the room.
High efficiency of about 85% (higher than that of conventional ovens).
Environmental Safety. The combustion products of such stoves contain a small amount of dirty and harmful substances, which is why such installations are called smokeless.
The ability to work in a wide range of thermal power (5-100%).
Any heating circuit can be connected to this type of installation.
Pyrolysis ovens require minimal control during their operation. The fuel is loaded about once a day, and the ash is unloaded about once a week without stopping the operation of the unit.
Various fuels can be loaded into the furnace. It can be either solid or liquid. This includes raw firewood and various garbage (even tires from a car). Special designs have also been developed for the combustion of used engine oil.

There are disadvantages of such structures for long-term burning, but they are significantly less than the advantages:

They are very large in size.

A special area is needed to place the fuel.
Since some impurities and odors are emitted during the operation of the oven, the room where it will be installed needs ventilation.
Since the exhaust gases are at a low temperature, this leads to the accumulation of condensation. It is present in the chimney and exhaust duct. To collect it, a built-in storage is often provided.

Advice! Due to the formation of condensation, it is necessary to provide for a larger diameter of both the chimney itself and the outlet pipe, which must be insulated from the street. This will prevent it from freezing due to a drop in ambient temperature.

To provide the heating system with really high-quality work, it is necessary to install a fan in the furnace, and provide a pump for the heating system itself. All this leads to the dependence of the structure on the electrical network.

How to make a low power pyrolysis oven?

Despite the relative complexity of the design of pyrolysis furnaces, you can make such a heater yourself. The options for manufacturing the unit from a brick or from a gas cylinder are quite widespread, however, a sheet metal structure has the greatest aesthetics and efficiency in operation.

Pyrolysis ovens with low power (up to 25 kW) are perfect for country houses, garages, greenhouses and any premises not exceeding 100 m 2 in area. This design differs from a conventional pyrolysis oven in the following features:

Does not connect to the heating system.
There is no need to install a smoke exhauster, since in this case the combustion chamber is simply located above the gasification chamber. In this way, natural cravings are created.
Due to the fact that the design is not automated, it is necessary to periodically adjust the combustion mode and monitor the operation of the equipment.

Advice! For the efficient operation of such a furnace, the following conditions must be met: air is supplied to the gasification chamber in limited quantities. For this, a special flap is used. The chamber in which the gas is burned must be equipped with an air duct through which the required amount of fresh air will be supplied to the system.

Instructions for the manufacture of such a furnace include several stages:

According to the scheme, a body of the structure is welded from heat-resistant steel, in which holes are provided for the ash pan door and combustion chamber. In this case, the combustion chamber should be located above the ash pan, separated from it by a cast-iron grate.

Important! The air supply to the combustion chamber is regulated by means of the ash pan door.

The combustion chamber is located exactly above the firebox. Between them there is a cut-off plate, which is made of heat-resistant steel. The furnace must have a special channel through which air will be supplied with the possibility of blocking it by means of a special damper.
For the manufacture of doors, the same sheet metal is used, which is additionally reinforced with a corner. Doors must be locked.

Advice! If you wish, you can buy doors made of cast iron in the store. They are available in various sizes.

The inside of the furnace chamber should be lined with fireclay bricks, which will not only save the structure from burning out, but also contribute to better heat distribution.

Advice! You can also cover the stove with bricks, which will eliminate the possibility of burns.

The chimney should be made of a thermally insulated pipe. To regulate the thrust in the structure, a gate is provided.

Conclusion

The pyrolysis oven is highly popular due to a number of advantages over analogues. The main ones are efficiency, high efficiency and the ability to use any type of fuel. If you wish and have drawings, you can make such a furnace yourself.

Brick ovens have been popular since ancient times. At first it may seem that this is one of the simplest designs for heating a private house. However, in the case of prolonged daily use, a large number of different nuances may arise. For example, for the construction of a stove, a special foundation will be needed, which is made by professionals. Such services are not cheap, as a result it turns out that a brick stove becomes a costly and troublesome business. A good substitute can be a pyrolysis oven, some elements of which can be easily made by hand.

Brick ovens are popular for their strength.

Structures of this type are often used in country and private houses, in summer cottages, that is, in places where there is no central gas main and heating.

Some people want to build one that works on the pyrolysis principle. It is quite simple to build such a structure if you know the manufacturing technology.

This device may not work cyclically, but regularly. You only need to add fuel a few times a day.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pyrolysis oven

The advantages of this type of construction include the following:

Maintaining the set temperature of the thermal carrier for a long period. This can be achieved by increasing the volume of the loading chamber.
The minimum content of harmful substances at the time of fuel combustion. With this design, a healthy and comfortable indoor environment can be maintained if it is installed correctly.
In such a stove, you can burn various waste, such as rubber, fiberboard or plastic. All such materials can be used as fuel. However, this does not mean that the fuel should be composed exclusively of waste. Waste should be 1/3 of the total fuel.

This stove also has disadvantages. The most significant of these are the following:

Fuel requirements. All fuel must be dry. It is not allowed to use damp wood, since with damp fuel the pyrolysis process will not be possible. Instead of receiving thermal energy, it will be lost with steam and combustion products.
Comparatively large size. This is a disadvantage if the stove is planned to be located in a small room.
Comparative volatility. A fan that will maintain traction will not be able to run continuously.
The stove needs constant maintenance. It will be necessary to put firewood in a timely manner and remember that it is necessary to close the dampers after the firebox. Before the next firebox, it is imperative to select coal from the stove, and then perform all the steps again.

Before performing the installation work, you will need to draw up a diagram of the structure to be manufactured and perform the necessary calculations. The easiest way is to take a ready-made scheme, for example, based on the calculations of Belyaev. It is calculated on a brick structure with a capacity of less than 40 kW.

The perimeter of the kiln is made of ceramic bricks. To arrange internal partitions, you will need to use fireclay bricks. You can use the structure after it is assembled and the fan is connected. It is imperative to take into account the burning time for all materials in order to add fuel on time. Pressed briquettes can be used as heating materials. After starting up a pyrolysis oven, it is quite important to determine its efficiency. This is easy to do: you just need to sniff the smell of smoke that comes out of the chimney. If it does not contain carbon monoxide impurities, then this means that the efficiency is at a high level.

In the process of constructing a pyrolysis stove with your own hands, you must comply with all existing fire safety rules. If any of the rules are violated, then the structure can cause not only material damage, but also a threat to the health of residents and visitors of a private house in which a brick pyrolysis oven is installed with their own hands. It is recommended to place the structure in a separate non-living room. For the stove, you need to arrange a base of brick or concrete screed. The firebox chambers must be additionally protected with a thick sheet of metal.

The fuel for the pyrolysis oven must be dry.

One of the significant advantages of such a stove is that in this case you can use both water and air as a heat carrier. Consequently, in the winter period, the pipes will be protected from freezing, and therefore there is no need to drain the system.

A boiler of this type must be located at a distance of 20 cm from the walls. The room with the stove must be equipped with additional ventilation.

To build a stove with your own hands, you will need to prepare the following elements:

Ceramic bricks (approx. 400 pieces).
Fireclay bricks (about 100 pcs).
Steel sheet with dimensions of 6x1.5 m. The thickness of the product must be more than 4 mm.
Cast iron grates (3 pcs).
High power fan. The minimum possible power is 300 W.
Lever temperature regulator.
Blower door.
Fireplace door.
Electric welding machine.
Electric drill.
Several grinders with different circle diameters.
Pipes of various diameters.
Protruba.
Electrodes for electric welding.
Temperature sensor.

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Diy pyrolysis oven: manufacturing process

It is quite difficult to build such a stove with your own hands from bricks. If a complete set of the necessary technical support is available, a large number of nuances will remain, in connection with which you need to get advice from a specialist with relevant work experience.

You will need to work with a high combustion temperature and comply with existing sealing requirements, which is quite difficult to do yourself. You should be aware that such a structure does not need to be connected to a heating system, since this device will simply heat the air in the rooms.

To enhance the moment of heat transfer from the inside, you need to lining the stove with a special fireclay brick, outside the structure is lined with refractory bricks.

To build such a boiler, you will need not only to have skills in working with a grinder and measuring tools, but also to be able to weld metal.

It should be understood that the manufacture of a pyrolysis stove consists not only in laying bricks, but also in installing or constructing a boiler, which is the main element of the entire device.

The easiest way is to purchase a ready-made boiler, and then overlay it with bricks. Thus, you can get a brick structure that you just need to install and connect.

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How to install the boiler correctly?

It is worth remembering that the boiler is a fairly large piece of equipment that weighs a lot. Therefore, you will definitely need to make a base for the structure.

If in a private house there is a simple floor base without reinforcement, that is, there is no concrete slab under your feet, then you need to dig a hole 20-30 cm deep, and then pour concrete mortar into it. In some cases, the base is laid out with bricks, but here it all depends on the personal preferences of the owner of a private house.

The concrete base is a solid structure that can easily support the weight of the oven, while the foundation will not deform over a long period.

The first step is to decide where it is best to place the stove. You need to choose exclusively from non-residential premises. Despite the latest technology, the pyrolysis stove will produce toxic substances during combustion. If there is a depressurization of the structure, then big problems can arise.

In the process of laying, you need to use a special solution of sand and clay. It is not allowed to use a standard cement mixture, since at high temperatures it can form cracks and allow gases and combustion products to pass through.

Ordinary building bricks will be used to zero out the base. Thereafter, only refractory ceramic material may be used.

Solid fuel heating equipment will always be in demand. There are places where gas may never appear. In some settlements, gas supply is planned for the next 10-15 years. Some people just like to heat with wood, while others use wood stoves to heat their baths. The pyrolysis oven will be the ideal option for heating rooms for any purpose. It can be made of metal or brick. Our review-instruction will tell you about the manufacturing process.

How does a pyrolysis oven work

To begin with, we will look at the principle of operation of a pyrolysis oven. Traditional wood-burning stoves use the principle of direct combustion of fuel. The wood loaded into the combustion chamber (firebox) is ignited and begins to emit thermal energy. This energy heats up the walls of the unit, after which it penetrates into the heated rooms. Combustion products immediately escape into the chimney. Along with this, another 10-15% of the heat escapes there.

The disadvantage of a conventional oven is the high heat loss. The combustion products fly away into the chimney hot, they are full of heat, which can be collected and sent for heating. In the simplest case, users lengthen the pipe, making the horizontal section longer - it runs through the entire room. This reduces heat losses.

Pyrolysis ovens are arranged in a slightly different way. There are two chambers in them - in the first, fuel is burned, in the second, afterburning of combustion products is carried out. In the process of burning wood, pyrolysis products are released - these are flammable gases that burn at high temperatures. For their combustion, secondary air is required - it enters the afterburner, mixes with pyrolysis gases, as a result of which this mixture is ignited.

Long-burning pyrolysis ovens are the optimal equipment for your home, summer cottage or bath.

The advantages of pyrolysis ovens:

Higher efficiency compared to traditional stoves - the pyrolysis process allows a higher amount of heat to be released from the same amount of wood.
The ability to control the combustion process - by adjusting the draft or air supply through the blower (and the supply of secondary air), you can set a certain combustion intensity by setting the desired temperature regime.
Long burning - usually pyrolysis ovens are equipped with large fireboxes, which can hold a significant amount of firewood. The burning time also provides the ability to control this process (the adjustment range is from 10 to 100%, depending on the design).
Fuel savings - with a not the most complicated device, pyrolysis ovens save up to 10-15% of firewood.
A wide range of applications - from baths to residential buildings.

The main types of ovens

Pyrolysis ovens for heating homes and saunas fall into two broad categories. The first category includes metal stoves made from sheet metal or old gas cylinders. The second category includes brick aggregates, which are more bulky, but also more efficient in operation. The advantage of metal ovens is the ease of assembly. The advantage of brick stoves is the long-term preservation of heat and its soft return.

How to make a pyrolysis oven with your own hands

To begin with, we will figure out the process of making a simple pyrolysis potbelly stove. Let's take the following drawing as a basis:

This oven is made according to the following scheme:

A couple of metal pipes for air supply - and an ordinary wood-burning stove turns into a pyrolysis stove.

How to make a metal stove

Do-it-yourself portable pyrolysis oven is very simple. Make sure of this by reading the drawings in our review. To assemble it, you need sheet metal. We recommend choosing sheets with a thickness of 3-4 mm, which is necessary to extend the life of the unit. Thin iron will quickly burn out, the efficiency of the stove will begin to decline. A year or two of such exploitation - and it can be thrown into a landfill.

By the way, if you need a pyrolysis oven for a bath, pay attention to the following diagram - here we see an enlarged combustion chamber, all the same smoke flows, only in the very upper part there is a heater.

The design of the stove must be modified so that its firebox goes into the next room, and not into the steam room (it protrudes forward).

Before assembling a bath or pyrolysis oven with your own hands, prepare the iron sheets and mark them in accordance with our initial diagram. The furnace body consists of six metal plates, two more form smoke flows. You also need to assemble the grate - to solve this problem, use reinforcement with a diameter of 12-15 mm. The grate is fixed at a distance of 80 mm from the bottom of the furnace by welding.

The most difficult task is to prepare the doors. Cut holes in the sheet for the front wall, save the cut pieces. Weld 2 cm wide pieces of sheet metal around the perimeter of these pieces, welding them from the outside. As a result, we get tightly closing doors. They will remain equipped with loops and simple hooks for fixing.

If you don't feel like messing around with homemade doors, buy ready-made doors for making wood stoves.

Pyrolysis ovens for home heating should give off maximum heat. This is what smoke turns are needed for. Mount them according to the above diagram. Now it remains to make holes in the back wall and weld pipes into them for supplying hot air. Final stages of assembly:

Welding a piece of pipe with a diameter of 100 mm into the top cover - the chimney will be connected to it.
Welding door hinges to the body.
Preparing the legs - make them from pieces of an inch metal pipe.

Our homemade wood burning pyrolysis oven is ready. It turned out to be compact, thus ensuring its ease of transportation from place to place. Install it on a non-combustible base, connect the chimney and start.

The bath model is done as follows. Extend the firebox by moving the doors forward, and leave the chimney the same. In the upper part, make a container for the heater - stones are placed here that hold and give off heat to the steam room. The stove is ready - now mount it in the bath and proceed to the bath procedures.

How to make a brick stove

You will also need an ordering that is suitable in size and power. Finding a normal order on the Internet is a whole problem, only traditional stoves are available in the public domain. We recommend ordering its development from specialists or experienced people.

The metal oven is easy to assemble. If you have the right hardware, cutting and assembling it will take at most a few hours. But the brick pyrolysis oven is not easy to manufacture. You will need:

Refractory brick for laying out the heating unit.
Special refractory cement mixture - it must withstand up to +1500 degrees.
Experience in bricklaying - if not, seek help from more experienced people.

A brick pyrolysis oven is an analogue of a conventional metal oven. Only in size it turns out to be large and complex. The larger the brick, the softer and better the heat dissipation. There are no special design features here. Firewood is burned in the main combustion chamber (firebox). The resulting pyrolysis products are sent to the afterburner. For its operation, holes for secondary air supply are provided in the furnace design. They are equipped with doors, adjusting their clearance allows you to adjust the intensity of combustion.

Bottom combustion pyrolysis units are in some demand. Firewood burns / smolders in the main combustion chamber, the pyrolysis products are drawn down through the grate into the afterburner. Secondary air is also supplied here, which causes intense combustion. The thrust is realized naturally or artificially. In the first case, the stoves are equipped with efficient chimneys, and in the second case, blowing fans are placed here.

The interior of the furnace, where combustion and pyrolysis reaction take place, is created from fireclay bricks. It can withstand heating up to +1000 and more degrees, without cracking or bursting from the heat. All other layers are made of ordinary red brick. The chimney can be brick or metal. Doors are purchased from specialized stores. The operation of a brick pyrolysis stove will delight you with long burning and pleasant heat, which persists even after it dies out.

Stove modernization

Almost any pyrolysis oven can be turned into a hot water boiler. For this, ready-made or home-made (from metal pipes) heat exchangers are built inside. Radiators are installed in the rooms, water is poured into the system - full heating is ready.

For these purposes, it is best to adapt a pyrolysis oven with a blower fan - equip it with an external control unit that monitors the temperature and controls the operation of the fan.

Hobs and built-in ovens are what else you can equip any oven with. The energy of pyrolysis combustion is enough not only for heating, but also for cooking. Hobs and oven boxes are available from specialized stores. The oven can be made yourself from sheet iron. As for the hobs, they are made of cast iron - you cannot do this yourself.

Video

When choosing a method of heating and hot water supply at home, people pay special attention to its cost and practicality, since this will affect the regular monthly costs for many years. Of course, each solution has its own pros and cons. The advantages of pyrolysis furnaces over traditional solid fuel boilers include low environmental impact, reduced fuel consumption and reduced maintenance costs.

Do-it-yourself pyrolysis oven

History of technology

Heating organic materials in the absence of oxygen leads to chemical and physical changes in them. In the past, these phenomena have been used to produce charcoal. The most primitive method looked like this: the wood was covered with a clay mound and heated in the relative absence of air. With the help of this technology, coal production reached its peak in the 11th-12th centuries.

The serious consequences of such reforestation are now being felt in parts of Africa and Asia. Despite its apparent simplicity, this method is not environmentally friendly. As a result of wood pyrolysis, resins are released, which are volatile products with a large molecular weight. They condense easily at normal ambient temperatures. But despite this, the solid residue (coal) is traditionally a valuable fuel for primitive agricultural communities, thanks to such qualities:

high carbon content in comparison with the original wood;
negligible sulfur content.

Previously, steel production, including successful attempts to cast guns from it, was based on the reduction of iron oxide with carbon in coal. A similar technology using charcoal based on the processing of eucalyptus is also practiced in modern Brazil as economically viable.

The pyrolysis oven is very economical to use

Pyrolysis has found wide industrial application in coking operations. Furnace designs and reaction conditions in them varied depending on demand and prices for end products. In mid-19th century Europe, coal carbonation was used to produce gas, which was used to heat and illuminate homes. At that time, only royal palaces could benefit from such innovations. Household use of pyrolysis gases stopped with the development of transportation of natural hydrocarbons.

How to make a pyrolysis oven with your own hands:

During World War II, many cars and trucks were converted to wood gas generated from vehicle-mounted mobile plants. Their productivity was low due to the low energy density of the gas, which, as a rule, contained large amounts of nitrogen and other non-combustible compounds.

The durability of engines running on such fuel was short and was reduced primarily due to fly ash entering the cylinders along with wood gas. But despite these shortcomings, the use of such machines was justified by the lack of fuel. After the end of the war, these installations were forgotten up to the present time.

Now the problem of obtaining fuel from biomass instead of fossil fuel is again urgent.

Modern technologies make it possible to obtain, by means of pyrolysis, high quality purified gas suitable for heating from wood and agricultural waste.

Furnace working principle

Pyrolysis of organic raw materials is the heating of biomass to a high temperature without air access.

Detailed structure of the pyrolysis oven

Under these conditions, the fuel is converted into a mixture of three types:

coal (solid);
organic gases (gaseous);
oils (liquids).

Depending on the temperature fluctuations and the speed of the ongoing processes, the percentage of charcoal, gas and oils changes.

The advantages of such wood burning in comparison with traditional ones:

greater efficiency with the same amount of raw materials;
insignificant negative impact on the environment (for example, in terms of such a parameter as CO2);
small formation of solid unburned particles (ash).

Most household pyrolysis stoves and boilers run on wood or briquettes. High-quality installations are capable of operating on mixed raw materials (cuttings, bark, shavings, sawdust, logs). Regardless of the type of fuel, three processes take place in them:

Drying and heating of wood material in a hopper with the release of gaseous components.
Combustion of gaseous products.
Combustion of solid components (charcoal).

The pyrolysis oven is perfect for giving

Each of these stages requires different conditions, therefore, the correct distribution of temperature and other factors affecting the chemistry of the processes is the basis for the efficient operation of the installation. The wood is dried at temperatures below 200 ° C. The pyrolysis process starts around 300 ° C. At this temperature, cellulose, as the main component of wood, breaks down to form light compounds. Closer to the nozzle, the temperature in the pyrolysis combustion furnace rises to 200-700 ° C. There, the biomass is freed from volatile compounds and converted into charcoal.

The released gases are injected into the combustion chamber, where they gain access to the required amount of air for combustion, burn and release heat. Charcoal is burned on a grate. Unfired residues fall into the ash collector.

More about the pyrolysis oven:

Fuel requirements

Pyrolysis ovens for home, working on briquettes, can be fully automated and the comfort of their maintenance in this case is comparable to gas ones. Their fuel is high-pressure compressed waste without chemical binders. This technology makes it possible to produce relatively dry briquettes with a high calorific value. Their properties, however, can be different.

Pyrolysis ovens and boilers run on a wide variety of fuels

Most of them are not destroyed during combustion in the furnace, while others can only be used in a mixture with lump wood or brown coal. Small briquettes are fed using screw conveyors, and therefore they are used in automated systems, larger ones are suitable only for long-burning pyrolysis ovens with manual control. Wood pellets intended for automatic installations are produced in the same way as conventional briquettes. Their only significant difference is size. The best quality is considered to be white softwood pellets without bark.

For wood burning pyrolysis ovens, the size and type of raw material can have a significant effect on productivity - a larger wood surface area translates into more release gas per unit time. Hard rocks gasify more slowly.

Service features

An important point is to keep the fuel always dry - the recommended humidity is 12-20%. This is necessary not only for the efficiency of combustion, but also affects the life of the stove. Water vapor and some gases released during drying form tars and acids that corrode equipment during condensation. Due to the fact that the calorific value of wood decreases along with moisture, its consumption increases. Burning raw fuels can cut the life of the stoves in half.

The pyrolysis furnace does not require constant fuel filling

During pyrolysis combustion, less ash is produced than with conventional combustion. In practice, this means that gasification furnaces require less concern for the removal of heavy ash residues. But fly ash is capable of settling in significant quantities on the ceramic fittings of the combustion chamber, leaving less and less space for combustion. The latter can threaten overheating and equipment failure. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the fan blades and chimneys at least once a year.

Almost all types of pyrolysis ovens require similar maintenance.

In addition to high efficiency, saving time for preparing firewood and kindling, pyrolysis ovens, in comparison with conventional ones, have another serious advantage - the ability to stepless power control. This property, together with efficiency, environmental friendliness and automation of combustion processes, makes pyrolysis ovens the best alternative to traditional heating methods for country houses.

How to make a pyrolysis miracle oven:

From the author: hello dear readers! Many owners of country dwellings, whether it be a small country house or a large cottage with outbuildings, are interested in the question of how to make a pyrolysis oven with their own hands.

I must say that solid fuel equipment has been in great demand for many years. It is quite efficient, environmentally friendly, the extraction of fuel is usually not difficult, and from an aesthetic point of view there is an advantage - after all, many people like to watch the dancing flames. Of course, this is best done while sitting by a large stove or fireplace. But small stoves are equally popular.

For example, they are very convenient to use where there is no heating: in sheds and other outbuildings, in a garage and even on the street. This heating structure can be equipped with a hob, and then you can cook delicious meals in the fresh air.

Of course, not every homemade stove is highly efficient. Some of them are, in fact, just a bonfire limited from all sides. This approach also has the right to exist, but today we will talk about a different type of design - namely, pyrolysis.

The principle of operation of the oven

The difference between this design and a conventional stove is that the fuel burns for a long time, which leads to a much higher level of heat transfer. In simple solid-fuel heating structures, the process occurs as follows: firewood burns, the walls of the structure are heated by the flame, and heat goes from them to the room. The smoke from the burning fuel goes directly to the street through the chimney.

But the fact is that it is in these combustion products that a very large amount of thermal energy is contained, which, in fact, is launched in the wind. If the smoke did not fly away so quickly, then due to it a lot of heat would get into the room.

Some homeowners are aware of this factor and lay a chimney pipe through the entire room, dividing it as long as possible. Of course, they also receive some more heat in the process. But most of it still continues to leave. That is why simple solid fuel stoves require constant "feeding" - laying firewood is done very often.

With regard to pyrolysis equipment, a different approach is practiced here. The ovens are equipped with two chambers. One of them is loaded with fuel - usually firewood - and there it burns. In this case, pyrolysis products are produced - that is, gases that can burn at high temperature conditions. They enter the second chamber, and there comes the secondary air, which is necessary for ignition. What, in fact, is happening.

Naturally, in the process of combustion of pyrolysis products, a large amount of heat is generated, which also works to heat the room, like the heat energy that comes out during the direct combustion of fuel. Thus, these ovens have several advantages:

high efficiency, compared to conventional ovens. The efficiency of pyrolysis structures can be up to 95%, which is very good;
long burning process. This is due to both the high heat output and the fact that the main chamber is made quite large. Therefore, quite a lot of firewood is placed in the stove. This is very convenient from the point of view of operation - as a rule, fuel is loaded only once a day;
the ability to adjust the fuel combustion process. You can control the supply of both primary and secondary air. The intensity of burning wood and pyrolysis products depends on this. Thus, you can set the heating temperature depending on your current needs;
saving fuel resources. Since firewood in this case gives off the maximum amount of heat, less of it is required than for a conventional stove;
wide range of applications. Pyrolysis ovens can be used both in residential premises and in utility rooms, as well as in a bathhouse and on the street;
ease of manufacture. You can easily build the structure yourself. Of course, the simplicity varies with the manufacturing method. For example, to make a furnace out of metal lighter than lightweight, you will not need any special skills, and this process will take a little time. But a brick pyrolysis structure takes longer and is physically harder - at least because of the weight of the blocks. But still, any of these varieties are available for self-production, which will be discussed below.

As a disadvantage of the structure, one can name, perhaps, the presence of certain requirements for the quality of fuel. Damp firewood will definitely not be in demand here, since water vapor will negate the entire efficiency of the stove - they will actively interfere with the processing of emitted gases. Therefore, the initial selection of high-quality fuel and its proper storage are also important.

Now you know the general principle of operation of the oven, and you can also decide if it is necessary. Of course, you can buy the design in the store. But why, if it is quite possible to do it yourself, at the same time practicing working with metal or brick. Let's start with the first option.

Metal stove

A metal oven is much easier to make than a brick oven. True, its efficiency is also lower, but in most cases this is quite enough. In general, the design resembles with a slightly complicated smoke exhaust. You can focus, for example, on this drawing:

A source: remont-system.ru

As you can see, the combustion products go like a snake. If you provide secondary air access to the first smoke cycle, then you will get the same pyrolysis process.

To make a metal pyrolysis stove, you will need:

steel. Prepare sheets that are at least three millimeters thick. If the material is thinner, it will burn out very quickly to holes, and you will have to start the whole process all over again. In principle, instead of steel, you can take what is often found in private households: a metal barrel or a gas cylinder. If you decide to use the latter option, please note that the container must be prepared in advance. Any cylinder contains gas residues. Even if there are few of them, it can still provoke a fire during operation - one spark is enough. Therefore, be sure to first fill the bottle with water through the hole by unscrewing the shut-off valve, and then leave it outside. Empty the container after 24 hours. The smell will not be the most pleasant, so do it somewhere away from living quarters. Only after the flushing procedure can the gas cylinder be used for the production of a pyrolysis oven;
welding machine. If you do not know how to work with him - it's okay, just there will be a reason to learn. At the same time, stock up on protective equipment: at least glasses and gloves. Welding work has an increased level of danger, so be sure to take care to prevent injury;
marking tools. A flexible tape measure and a marker will definitely come in handy. It is also advisable to use a building level to avoid distortions;
various small tools. Pliers, hammer and other improvised means that may be needed in any such work;
doors and grate. The simplest solution is to purchase these items at a smithy or store. The advantage of this approach is the aesthetic appearance of the doors. But you can do it all yourself to avoid unnecessary costs. The doors are made from the same sheets of steel that will go to the stove itself, or from pieces of metal cut from the body of the gas cylinder (if you decided to use it for the manufacture of the structure. The grate can be made from steel strips or thick wire to which reinforcing rods are soldered with small gaps between each other.

So, after you have prepared everything you need, you can get to work. Take steel sheets, mark them according to the above diagram, and then cut 8 plates along it: six for the furnace body and two for the formation of smoke circuits.

Now build the grate and doors if you decide not to buy them. How to do the first has already been written above. As for the doors, you need to weld hinges, sides and a place for fixing the latch on them.

Mount the smoke ducts inside the furnace body. Make several holes in the back wall and weld pipes to them. Then weld another pipe to the top cover, the diameter of which is 10 centimeters - it is needed for the subsequent connection of the chimney.

Finally, weld the doors with hinges to the places where they should be located. At the same time, be careful and strictly follow the markings so that there are no distortions. The last step is to install the legs. You can make them from steel corners or something similar.

There is another version of the metal pyrolysis stove, which is used in the bath. The base is done in the same way, but the firebox must be lengthened by moving the doors forward. The size and number of chimneys remain the same. You also need to make a heater. To do this, weld the container to the upper part of the body. It will be possible to pour stones into it, which will qualitatively retain the heat coming from the stove, and then give it to the steam room.

A pyrolysis furnace made of metal is quite compact and lightweight. You can easily move it from room to room. Mobility, ease of installation and high efficiency make such a structure practically indispensable for any private household.

Brick stove

The pyrolysis brick oven is even more efficient than the metal one. This is due to the excellent characteristics of the brick. The blocks are able to retain heat with high quality, and then give it to the surrounding air. Thus, the heating of the room is softer and more durable.

The disadvantages of such a stove include the complexity of its manufacture. As mentioned above, this will take more time and effort than in the case of a metal structure. In addition, for work, it would be nice to have some experience in the construction of brickwork. However, it's never too late to learn, and creating just can give you the necessary skills that are likely to come in handy in the future.

As for the materials, then their selection also needs to be approached carefully. You cannot take the first brick that comes across, since here we are talking about prolonged exposure to high temperatures. For example, a furnace that is in direct contact with an open flame should be made exclusively of fireclay bricks. These are refractory blocks that perfectly resist high temperatures and at the same time conduct heat well.

As for the rest of the structure, you need to take ordinary ceramic red bricks for them. This material has good thermal capacity characteristics, so it is perfect for building a case.

The process of building a brick pyrolysis furnace occurs in the same way as in the case of a metal one: a chamber is made for combustion of fuel and several smoke flows. Then the doors, plugs and chimney are mounted. The finished structure is rather large. This must be taken into account when planning its placement.

Also, remember that bricks are heavy. Therefore, it is advisable to put a solid board or something like that under the structure as a basis.

In the process of laying bricks, it is important to follow the order. In each row, the blocks are stacked in a certain way: somewhere on the "bed", somewhere on the edge. This is necessary in order for the structure to be strong. Unfortunately, there is no single ordering scheme for any stove, so it is better not to look for it on the Internet, but to contact a specialized organization to draw it up. This approach will give you the confidence to do everything right.

To get even more knowledge on how to make a pyrolysis oven, watch the video:

Despite the seemingly complicated principle of operation, in fact, a long-burning stove is a rather simple structure. It is enough to understand in detail the basics of its creation - and you will probably cope with this matter easily and simply. Good luck!