Foam concrete blocks - characteristics of their dignity, disadvantages, selection criteria and tips on use. Why do you need to warm the house from gas, foam blocks? Comparative characteristics of masonry materials

The construction of a country house always carries many embezzlement, efforts and calculations that, however, cannot fulfill everyone. After all, it is not enough to build a house of foam concrete materials, you need to know the features and subtleties of the workflow. In this article, we will look at which thickness of the walls from foam blocks is required for a residential building, as well as erect it independently, according to all the rules and standards.

Product specifications

Before you decide which thickness there should be a wall of foam blocks, let's get acquainted with the advantages of this material:

• High compression strength - permissible indicators from 3.5 to 5 MPa. All this suggests that from foam blocks you can build two, or even three-story houses.
• With such a lightweight weight, the foam concrete unit has a low density (depending on the quality of the material - from 400 to 1600 kg / m), 2-3 times lower than that of the ceramisite.
• Foam block can be compared with wood with its thermal conductivity, and in comparison with ceramic brick, it even has an advantage. A wall of clay blocks with a thickness of 60 cm remains heat as well as the foam concrete masonry in 200 mm.
• It is worth noting the sound insulation properties of this material, you will not need additional protection against noise if the blocks are highly laid.
• And, of course, the price of foam blocks will not compare anything. This product, even taking into account the transport services, will cost you cheaper than all other building materials.

Finally, you can specify the availability of material masonry, that is, you are your own hands, without specially training, you can build a house of foam concrete blocks.

Note! Do not forget that too low the cost of foam blocks is not a sign of quality, most likely, these are second-rate products that were made from high-quality raw materials. So try to save with the mind.

Articles on the topic:

The thickness of the walls is a question with a trick

In search of how to choose a thickness for a wall of foam blocks, you can stumble upon a variety of different arguments and judgments, most of which will be inaccurate.

To protect yourself and find a right decision, we describe several features from which you should repel:

• FirstlyIt is important to understand how low the temperature is lowered in the winter. In areas where winter is very harsh, definitely require thickened walls with additional thermal insulation.
• SecondlyDecide with the insulation - whether you will mock it or bypass the usual plaster. For example, for houses where the thickness of the wall of the foam block is 300 mm, it is better to add a heat-insulating material with a thickness of 50-100 mm.
• ThirdlyThe insulation acts not only as a material that holds back heat, but it also prevents the effects of ultraviolet rays on foam block.

For your information! The choice of foam concrete products should affect their density, which differs, the higher the density, the more expensive material.

Determine the thickness

Now let's make a conclusion from the above, the recommended thickness of the outer walls from foam blocks for areas with a moderate winter is 300 mm with a D600 density and a layer of thermal insulation.

• This is, so to speak, and there is a golden middle, which suits almost all regions of Russia. Additional thermal insulation outside the house allows you to worry in winter without feeling cold in a residential room.
• As for strength, even if the house is planned to be a two-storey, the maximum load on the walls of the first floor will not exceed 20 tons (together with the roof, overlap plates and the decor). And from the technical characteristics, we know that every 100 mm foam block is capable of withstanding the load to 10 tons.

Important! The only thing that is worth paying attention is strength and resistance to physical impacts. 300 mm is enough enough, such a wall is easy to break through a sledgehammer, but 400 mm blocks are already denser and durable.

On the other hand, it can be clearly on the example of finding out which wall thickness from foam blocks should be.

Calculations on thermal conductivity

You should know that the resistance of the outer wall of heat transfer (with all finishing materials) should exceed 3.5 degrees per M2 / W.

To determine the thickness, let's consider this process on the basis of various density density:

• From the technical characteristics, you can find out that the D600 and D800 blocks have the coefficients of 0.14 and 0.21 degrees * m2 / W, respectively.
• As finishing materials, a facing brick is used (0.56 degrees * m2 / W) and decorative plaster (0.58 degrees * m2 / W).

We proceed to the calculation:

• To begin with, we define with a brickwork thickness and plaster, usually (for facades without heat-insulating materials) brick stacked in two rows, that is, 120 mm.
• Now we will transfer it to meters and divide the thermal conductivity of the facing material to the coefficient of thermal conductivity, the resistance is 0.21.
• The same is done with the plaster and as a result, the resistance is 0.03.

Now it remains to substitute all our numbers into a simple formula:

• Foam concrete with a density of 600 \u003d 3.5 (total heat transfer resistance) - 0.21 (brick) - 0.03 (plaster) and all this is multiplied by 0.14 (foam block coefficient). As a result, we get about 450 mm (do not forget to translate from meters). This thickness should be a wall with the materials described above.
• Foam concrete with a density of 800 - (3.5 - 0.21 - 0.03) * 0.21 \u003d about 680 mm.

As you can see, in the second case it will take the wall thicker, it means that the costs will be more. On the other hand, add polystyrene foam (the most ordinary insulation) and the thickness of the facade is significantly reduced.

Important! The optimal thickness of the walls of the house of the slag block is calculated in the same way, with one but - it is necessary to take into account moisture protection material, since without it, this material will lose strength. On average, the walls of constructions from the slagoblock, in areas with possible cooling up to - 30 degrees, erected with a thickness of 70-80 cm.

Building process - erection wall

And now, as promised, the instructions for the construction of external walls, taking into account all the factors affecting the material:

• First you need to prepare the foundation for the work: clean from dust and dirt, align if there are irregularities.
• After, calculate the required amount of materials: foam blocks and adhesive mortar. To make it easier for you to navigate, in one cubic meter about 30 blocks with dimensions of 200x300x600 mm (we chose them so that the wall thickness was 300 mm). The calculation of the adhesive can be taken by approximate - about 30 kg per 1 m3 walls, so the main thing is to find out the total area of \u200b\u200bthe erected walls.

Note! Decide with the number of materials better at the design stage in order to avoid unnecessary costs, take into account all moments, up to window openings and internal partitions.

• When all materials and tools are in place, you can begin to harvest the solution if you, of course, did not buy the finished mixture.
• Initially, the glue is applied to the foam block surface, which is placed on the foundation or slab overlap.
• Before the adjacent block is lying, the end is basic glue, so that there are no volatile gaps between the products.

• To eliminate excess adhesive from under foam concrete, you should knock on it.
• The second row is laid out with the shift of the materials so that the vertical joints do not coincide, for this it is necessary to cut one block in half and start laying from halves.

Since foam concrete products are easily processed, you should not have any problems with hardening holes for window and doorways.

Now it remains to be separated and insulated the facade of the Floodlock House:

• For decoration, brick follows in the foam concrete wall, between blocks, secure several rods of fine fittings, it is necessary in order to connect the inner wall with brick masonry. However, it is necessary to install polystyrene foam plates before the dispensing nails.
• If you use only plaster, then initially, on top of the finished wall, you should consolidate the reinforcing grid. Then it is necessary to apply a thick layer of thermal insulation plaster so that it hides underly the grid. The finishing layer is a decorative finish that protects the inner layer from ultraviolet and humidity.

Features of work with foam concrete

In addition to the above, you should understand several important points regarding directly foam blocks:

• The calculation of the thickness of the wall should be carried out according to the rules if you are confident as a building material. Do not forget that the density is the main criterion for which the product is selected.
• For foam blocks it is better to use special glue solutions than the usual cement-sand mixture. If you are not sure that you can observe the correct proportions, it is better to purchase finished products that can be used immediately after opening the packaging.
• I would also like to clarify that foam concrete does not have elevated water-resistant, so it is necessary to use additional hydrophobic materials. A small investment in the protection of the walls and you will extend their operational period for several years.

• For interior partitions, it is enough to use foam blocks with a thickness of 200 mm, and some of the house builders generally erect the inner walls with a thickness of 100 mm. In fact, this is enough, but do not forget that the thinner the material, the lower sound insulation. Therefore, noise insulating films are usually installed with such partitions.

Output

As you can see the factors affecting what will be the thickness of the wall from the slag block and the definition of this parameter is not so much. These are mainly weather conditions and, of course, the presence of the second floor or the attic room.

In any case, it is necessary to adapt to the fact that you have, focusing on your financial opportunities. Trying to guess the thickness of the bearing walls, decide on it in advance if you use a ribbon foundation as a base.

In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.

In this article I will give my arguments in favor of the insulation of the wall of foam blocks. Not that I am a supporter of this particular construction technology, but it is precisely about the insulation of foam blocks a lot of disputes arise due to the fact that they have a sufficiently low thermal conductivity coefficient.

Many believe that the thickness of 375 mm foam and aerated concrete blocks are quite enough to build a house in the western part of Russia. By making calculations, I can say that it is not, and insulate the houses from foam and aerated concrete blocks.

The minimum permissible thickness of the wall of foam blocks on the bearing capacity is 300 mm with a class of strength not lower than B2.0 for two-storey buildings, from it and will be repelled.

The reason for the need for outdoor insulation №1

If we separate the surface of the plaster, then the moisture will partially penetrate into the foam block and thereby worsen its heat engineering properties, so for comparison we will take trim bricks because In the long run, it is still more profitable plaster.

• Foam block D600 - 300 mm x 2800 rubles / m³ \u003d 840 rubles / m²;
• Glue for masonry, consumption 19.5 kg per 1 m³ of masonry, price 288 rubles / 25 kg \u003d 11.52 rub / kg, total 19.5 * 0.3 * 11.52 \u003d 67.4 rub / m²;
• The cost of the installation of foam blocks 2350 rubles / m³, total 705 rubles / m².

Total excluding finishing and facing - 1612.4 rubles / m².

Finishing facial brick:

• Brick facial price 10 rub / m², consumption 51 pcs / m² \u003d 510 rubles / m²;
• Masonry solution 2350 rubles / m³, consumption 0.0288 m³ / m² \u003d 67.68 rubles / m²;
• Flexible links 22 rubles / pcs., Consumption 4 pcs / m² \u003d 88 rubles / m²;
• The cost of work is 1100 rubles / m².

Total cost of finishing facial bricks 1765.68 rubles / m².

The final cost of the wall when finishing with bricks 3378.08 rubles / m².

Now compare with a wall of 375 mm.

Thermal resistance of a foam block with a thickness of 375 mm - 2.83 (m 2 ∙ ° C).

Calculate the cost of 1 m² of such a wall:

• Foam block D600 - 375 mm x 2800 rub / m³ \u003d 1050 rub / m²;
• Clay for masonry, consumption 19.5 kg per 1 m³ of masonry, price 288 rubles / 25 kg \u003d 11.52 rub / kg, Total 19.5 * 0.375 * 11.52 \u003d 84.24 rub / m²;
• The cost of the installation of foam blocks 2350 rubles / m³, total 881.25 rubles / m².

Total excluding finishing and facing - 2015.49 rubles / m².

The cost of finishing the same, we get that the wall thickness is 375 mm more expensive the walls of 300 mm per 403.09 rubles / m².

Now we calculate the amount of heat will go through these walls for the heating period for the Moscow region. Teplopotiery counting by the formula:

The inner temperature (tumbler) is +22 ° C;

the average air temperature on the street during the heating period (tan) for Moscow -2.2 ° C (see Table 3.1 SP 131.13330.2012);

F - surface area, we consider 1 m²;

τ - the heating period of 205 days is multiplied by 24 hours, and a total of 4920 hours;

R is the thermal resistance of the wall.

Total heat loss for the wall 300 mm Q \u003d (22 + 2.2) * 1 * 4920 / 2.3 \u003d 51767 W * h;

for the wall 375 mm Q \u003d (22 + 2.2) * 1 * 4920 / 2.83 \u003d 42072 W * h.

We translate kw * h to MJ (1 kW * h \u003d 3,6mge):

wall 300 mm - 186.36 MJ;

wall 375 mm - 151.46 MJ.

Savings on heating is 34.9 MJ.

Hello, Nikolay.

First of all, I want to draw your attention to what foam blocks represent and for what reason they should not be used for the construction of the house. And if the cellular concrete is considered, they do not use foam blocks, but gas-silicate / aerated concrete blocks.

I explain.

Foam blocks - This is a kind of cellular concrete, the production process is quite simple. Cement, sand and foaming agent are used. As a foaming agent, compositions on an organic or synthetic basis can be used. In most cases, a foaming agent on a synthetic basis is used, in view of the fact that its price is much lower than that of an organic foaming agent. But the minuses of synthetics include the presence in its composition of poisonous components related to the second hazard class. After mixing the components, the process of durability occurs "in the sun". In the case of foam blocks, most often we are dealing with handicraft production. When buying foam blocks, you are unlikely to provide protocols for strength tests, thermal conductivity, frost resistance. You will not see the SanEpidemadzor certificate.

Gasilicate or aerated concrete blocks - Also a variety of cellular concrete, the release of which is carried out on serious production. The foaming agents are not used. The process of durability occurs in autoclaves, where under a certain mode: pressure, humidity, temperature can be obtained to obtain a higher strength of the unit with an equal to the density foam block. At a density of 500 kg / m 3 gas-silicate blocks have strength 35kgs / see 2 (M35), with the same density, foam blocks will have durability not higher 15kgs / see 2 (M15).

Build bearing walls from a block with strength M15 is unacceptable.

If you stop your choice on blocks of cellular concrete, I recommend using gas-silicate blocks.

If you still risk building a house, worth a few million rubles, using the bearing walls as material falo blocks of handicraft production (2 100 rub / m3), characteristics (strength, thermal conductivity, frost resistance) of which will not be supported by any documents, then the final costs will be lower only on 42 515 rubles in comparison with the cost of building a house using the most heat efficient, among produced in Russia, ceramic blocksKaiman 30 keracks.

A detailed comparative calculation of costs, the result of which is the specified difference, is shown at the end of this answer.

Choosing between different materials of the outer walls, usually compare the basic characteristics, such as strength, thermal conductivity. Compare the final costs.

In order.

1. Strength.

We design at home using gas-silicate blocks with a density of 500 kg / m3 (D500). Compression strength gasilicate blocks With such a density - B2.5, which is equivalent to the strength grade M35 (35 kgf / cm2).

Also for external walls, we use ceramic blocks Kaiman 30 keracks, whose strength brand M75 (75kgs / cm2).

What follows - by strength ceramic blocksKaiman 30 keracks Excellent gas-silicate blocks of more than 2 times.

Due to the fact that gas-silicate blocks have low strength according to the manufacturer's instructions, it is necessary to roaming the masonry (every third row), with the device of the stroke, the laying of the rods of the reinforcement and the filth of the latter in the glue layer.

Ceramic block laying Kaiman 30 keracks Ruined only at the corners of the building, on the meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basaltoplastic grid is used, laid in masonry seam. The time-consuming sticking and subsequent shelter of the reinforcement in the glue is not required.

The masonry solution when installing ceramic blocks is applied only horizontal seam laying. The mason delivers a solution at once to one and a half or two meters of masonry and makes each next block on a groove-crest. The laying is done very quickly.

When installing gas-silicate blocks, the solution must be applied to the side surface of the blocks. Obviously, the speed and complexity of masonry with this method of installation will only increase.

For professional masonry, it is not difficult to saw ceramic blocks. For this purpose, a saber saw is used, with the help of the same saws, gas-silicate blocks are collected. In each row of the wall you need to stack only one block.

The builder known to you recommends applying three-layer laying technology.
When choosing this technology should be understood.
The weak link in the three-layer design of the outer wall is the insulation.

The service life of minvati or polystyrene is 20-25 years. This is due to the fact that the glue is gradually evaporated, connecting fibers in the Minvat.
Some developers believe that expanding the expanded polystyrene foam. This is not true. Over time, the thermal inspiration of polystyrene balls between themselves is disturbed, as follows with the fact that in the heating period, the wet pairs entering the polystyrene from the heated premises will be condensed in the polystyrene and freeze and freeze at negative temperatures. And as it is known, ice has a larger amount than water, it leads to the fact that the ice "squeezes" thermopolded balls, the cycle behind the cycle destroying the thermal impact of the latter.

The use of polystyrene foam in a pair with blocks of cellular concrete is not desirable, because The basic principle of the device of multilayer structures is disturbed - the vapor permeability of the layer should increase from the inside to the outside. The violation of this principle will lead to an increase in the mass ratio of moisture in the design from the cells of the cellular concrete, which in turn will incorporate the comfort of living in the house and worsen the heat engineering characteristics of the entire design as a whole. Will reduce the service life of the building as a whole.

The processes that will develop during the destruction of the insulation in the three-layer design of the outer wall.

• Losing adhesive connection with each other, the fibers of the Minvata or the balls of polystyrene foams will begin to be asked inside the wall design, scoring the ventilation gap and ogolyai Sections of the external wall of the house.
• The insulation fibers dried the ventilation gap will cease to perform its function - the removal of wet vapors / promotion of drying the layer of the insulation.
• As a result, this will lead to a significant deterioration in the heat engineering characteristics of the insulation residues, which in turn will affect the heat engineering characteristics of the outer wall and heating costs.
• The moisture content of the external wall will increase from year to year, with what it will relate not only to the insulation but also the material of the bearing wall, as well as facing bricks.
• And if in such a situation, it does not make overhaul of the facade of the house - to break the facial laying, clean the facade from the remnants of the insulation, to install a new insulation, lay out a new facial brickwork, will begin the process of accelerated destruction of facial masonry and the supporting structures of the house.

The second substantial minus three-layer masonry It is the complexity of the design, not all builders own skills and knowledge of how to properly build three-layer masonry. This is one of the most complex designs of external walls.

2. Heat conductivity.

To begin with, we define the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Moscow, as well as the thermal resistance created by the designs in question.

The ability of the design is to maintain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as thermal design resistance ( R, M. 2 * C / W).

We define the degree and day of the heating period, ° C ∙ day / year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings") for the city of Moscow.

HSOP \u003d (T B - T from) Z from,

where,
t. in - the estimated temperature of the inner air of the building, ° C, received when calculating the enclosing structures of groups of buildings specified in Table 3 (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings"): Pos. 1 - by minimal values \u200b\u200bof the optimal temperature of the corresponding buildings according to GOST 30494 (in the interval 20 - 22 ° C);
t. from - average outdoor temperature, ° C in the cold period, for Moscow value -2,2 ° C;
z OT. - Duration, day / year, heating period, received in the form of rules for a period with the average daily air temperature of no more than 8 ° C, for the city Moscow value 205 days.

HSOP \u003d (20- (-2,2)) * 205 \u003d 4 551.0 ° C * SUT.

The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings Determine by the formula (SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings)

R Tr 0 \u003d a * HSOP + B

where,
R Tr 0 - required thermal resistance;
a and B.- coefficients whose meanings should be taken according to Table No. 3 SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings" for the relevant groups of buildings for residential buildings but It should be taken equal to 0.00035, value b. - 1,4

R Tr 0 \u003d 0.00035 * 4 551.0 + 1,4 \u003d 2,9929 m 2 * C / W

The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the design under consideration:

R 0 \u003d Σ Δ n. /λ n. + 0,158

Where,
Σ - symbol of summation of the layers for multilayer structures;
δ - layer thickness in meters;
λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material of the layer under the condition of operational humidity;
n. - layer number (for multi-layered structures);
0.158 - correction coefficient that can be taken to simplify as a constant.

Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.

R R 0 \u003d R 0 x R

Where,
r. - The coefficient of thermal uniformity of structures having inhomogeneous areas (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, focus, etc.)

According to Standard STO 00044807-001-2006. Tasch No. 8 The value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r. for masonry from large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas-silicate blocks should be taken equal 0,98 .

At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that

1. we recommend leading with the use of a warm masonry solution (heterogeneity at the joints is significantly protected by this;
2. we use non-metallic, but basaltoplastic bonds as bonding walls and facial masonry, which are literally 100 times less heat than steel bonds (the heterogeneity of the heat-conducting inclusions generated by thermal conductivity) are significantly disturbed;
3. the slopes of window and doorways, according to our project documentation, are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which levels inhomogeneity in the places of window and doorways, the fabrics).

From which it is possible to conclude - when performing the prescriptions of our working documentation, the coefficient of masonry is striving for unity. But in the calculation of the above thermal resistance R. r. 0 We will still use a table value of 0.98.

R R 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 Required.

Determine the mode of operation of the building in order to understand what coefficient of thermal conductivity λ a.or λ B. Take when calculating conditional thermal resistance.

The method of determining the operating mode is described in detail in Snip "Thermal Protection of Buildings" . Based on the specified regulatory document, perform step-by-step instructions. 1st step. We define Z.oNU humidity of the building region - Moscow using the application in SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings".

According to the table city Moscow Located in Zone 2 (Normal Climate). Take the value of 2 - normal climate. 2nd step. Table No. 1 Snip "Thermal Protection of Buildings" Define the humidity regime into the room. At the same time, I pay attention to the heating season, the humidity of the air into the room drops to 15-20%. In the heating period, air humidity must be lifted at least up to 35-40%. Comfortable for a person is considered humidity 40-50%. In order to raise the level of humidity, it is necessary to air the room, you can use air humidifiers, help the aquarium installation will help.

According to Table 1, humidity regime into the room in the heating period at air temperature from 12 to 24 degrees and relative humidity up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. Table # 2 SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" determine the conditions of operation. To do this, we find the crossing of the row with the value of the humidity regime into the room, in our case - is dry, with a moisture column for the city Moscowhow it was clarified earlier - this value normal.

Summary. According to the method of SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings" in the calculation of the conditional thermal resistance ( R 0) It should be applied when operating conditions BUT. It is necessary to use the thermal conductivity coefficient λ a.. Here you can see Distribution test report for ceramic blocks Kaiman 30 . The value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity λ a. You can find at the end of the document.

Consider the laying of the outer wall using ceramic blocks Kaiman 30 keracks and foam blocks of handicraft production, lined with ceramic hollow bricks. For the use of a ceramic block Kaiman 30 keracks Total wall thickness without taking into account plaster layer 430mm (300mm ceramic block Kaiman 30 keracks + 10mm Technological gap filled with cement-perlite solution + 120mm Facial masonry). 1 layer (pos.1) - 20mm thermal insulation cement-pearlite plaster (thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.18 W / m * c). 2 layer (pos.2) - 300mm Wall Laying with Block Application Kaiman 30 keracks (thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in operational / moistened condition A 0,094 W / m * with). 3 layer(pos.4) - 10mm ( Superternum30.) Light cement-perlite mixture between the masonry of the ceramic block and facial masonry (density 200 kg / m3, the thermal conductivity coefficient under operational humidity is less than 0.12 W / m * c). 4 layer (pos.5) - 120mm masonry wall with the use of slotted facing brick (thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in operational state 0.45 W / m * s. Pos. 3 - Warm Masonry Solution pos. 6 - colored masonry solution.

Consider the laying of the outer wall, with the use of foam blocks, with a mineral wool insulation, lined with ceramic hollow bricks. For the use of the foam block, the total thickness of the wall without taking into account the plaster layer 510mm (300mm gas-silicate block D500 + 50mm mineral wool insulation + 40mm ventilation clearance + 120mm facial masonry). 1 layer (without a number) - 20mm thermal insulation cement-pearlite plaster (thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.18 W / m * c). 2 layer (pos.4) - 300mm masonry wall with the use of foam block 500kg / m 3 (thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in operational condition 0.123 W / m * withThis value is taken from the test for the thermal conductivity of the YTong D500 gas-conducting unit, the thermal conductivity protocol on the thermal conductivity of masonry from foam blocks could not be found). 3 layer (pos.3) - 50mm mineral wool insulation (thermal conductivity coefficient in operational state 0.045 W / m * c). 4 layer (pos.1) - 120mm masonry wall with the use of slotted facing brick (thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in operational state 0.45 W / m * p. * - layer of masonry of facing bricks in the calculation of thermal resistance of the structure is not taken into account, because According to the wall laying technology with insulation, the facial laying is carried out with the ventilation gap device, and the provision of free air circulation. This is a prerequisite for ensuring the regulatory humidity of the structure, and first of all, the insulation.

We consider the conditional thermal resistance R 0 for the designs under consideration.

Kaiman 30 keracks

R 0 Cayman30 \u003d 0.020 / 0.18 + 0,300 / 0.094 + 0.01 / 0.12 + 0.12 / 0.45 + 0.158 \u003d 3.81 m 2 * C / W

D500.with a 50mm insulation

R 0 \u003d 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.300 / 0,123 + 0.05 / 0.045 + 0.158 \u003d 4.21 m 2 * C / W

We consider the above thermal resistance R R 0 of the designs under consideration.

The design of the outer wall in which the block is used Kaiman 30 keracks

R. r. 0 Cayman30. =3.81 M. 2 * C / W * 0,98 \u003d 3.73 M. 2 * C / W

The design of the outer wall in which a gas-silicate block is used D500.(500kg / m 3) with a layer of mineral wool insulation 50mm.

R. r. 0 D500. \u003d 4.21 m 2 * C / W * 0.98 \u003d 4.13 M. 2 * C / W

The above thermal resistance of the two designs under consideration is higher than the required thermal resistance for the city of Moscow, and this means that both structures satisfy the SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings" for the city of Moscow (2,9929 m 2 * C / W .

In our time, it is increasingly possible to meet cottages and country houses built from foam blocks. It can be both gas-silicate and foam concrete blocks. Such houses can have a thickness of 300 to 500 mm. As a rule, after the construction of such walls, it is necessary to additionally make finishing works. However, in some cases, the bearing walls of the structure made of foam blocks are a decorative decoration.

According to experts, a house built from foam blocks should not be insulated in principle. If people want to build a stone house, and then insulate it, in this case, it is worth using a brick for carrier walls, and not foam blocks, and then separate it with natural or artificial stone. After all, you should not forget that gas-silicate or foam concrete blocks were originally created for buildings that do not have the necessary levels of heat resistant, or with thin walls.

A foam concrete unit 250 mm thick replaces a brickwork 650 mm. But if it is cold in the room, it is necessary to produce additional insulation of the walls. One of the proposed insulation:

• Polyurene foam - 25mm
• Polystyrene - 60 mm
• Cork -70 mm.
• -80 mm.
• Tree -140 mm.

According to the characteristics from the figure, it can be seen that the sheet of polyurethane foam has the highest thermal conductivity. 25 mm sheet of polyurethane foam will replace 250 mm foam block, so polyurethane foam can be used as an additional heat insulation.

Monolayer walls also have their advantages. If they are erected, condensate can be eliminated. After all, it can be quite often discovered inside the insulation of the walls. Therefore, after a certain time, you can witness the peeling of plaster. Many simultaneously notice as the appearance of mold plaque and increasing thermal conductivity. In order for such a problem, it is necessary to take into account the latest technological solutions. Here can help the technology "Wet facade". You can also resort to the "Ventilable Facade" method. Specialists argue that at present the construction of single-layer walls using foam blocks will help to avoid numerous problems. In addition, the walls erected on new technologies will fully comply with the standards of heat saving.

However, one should not forget that the mechanical properties of gas silicate and foam concrete are reduced compared to ceramic bricks. The same applies to monolithic concrete. Therefore, they have significantly lower strength than the above materials. All this is due to the fact that such blocks are characterized by a porous structure. Therefore, in the construction process of buildings from blocks, it will be necessary to use Mauerlat, beams, as well as reinforced concrete belts that will need to be located under the overlaps. All this is necessary so that the load is distributed evenly. By the way, the belt data will need to be insulated additionally outside. Outdoor finishing works using artificial or natural stone also constitute certain difficulties. After all, foam concrete and gas silicate cannot be attributed to sufficiently durable materials capable of withstanding a weighty attached facade.

A counterweight can be said that the brickwork will perfectly cope with this task. After all, brick can easily withstand an excess load to which the ventilated facade can be attributed. In addition, any material can be used in the finishing works of such a facade. This design is erected much easier, it is on a brick wall, which cannot be said about foam block walls. Therefore, in the construction of bearing walls, it is preference to bricks, and not foam blocks. In the future, it will be possible without any special problems to produce their outdoor insulation, building a ventilated facade having a stone finish. Undoubtedly, such a structure will be more durable and durable, unlike a foam block house. And the use of the insulation will contribute to excellent heat saving.

For comparison, it is worth noting that the costs produced during the construction of a brick house with a ventilated facade and costs, when the structure is erected from gas-silicate blocks, will not differ in each other. Therefore, I do not have to talk about anything about what kind of price. The total cost affects both the cost of the work itself and the price of the material. Despite the fact that gas-silicate blocks compared to masonry bricks have an advantage in price about 20%, they may need significantly more. After all, the wall of the brick can be quite fine, unlike the same wall, for the construction of which silicate blocks will be used. Exact numbers must be calculated in each individual case.

However, it is worth noting that the brick is losing at the cost of work, but slightly. Specialists argue that such a difference fluctuates within 30%. Here it is necessary to take into account that masonry work will have a much smaller volume, compared with stacking foam blocks. After the implementation of all engineering, as well as finishing works, the price difference will be practically inconspicuous. When building a turnkey structure, it will fluctuate in the range of 10%.

Therefore, it is necessary to remember that when erecting a house of foam concrete, it is better not to carry out work on its insulation. And if necessary, warm buildings, it is worth preferring the construction of a brick house.