External plaster of the foundation of the house. The choice and application of plaster for the plinth

For the long-term preservation of its qualities, the foundation of a house needs protection from both natural factors and accidental mechanical damage. A proven, widely used tool is foundation plastering that protrudes above ground level.

The technology, the speed of application of the solution for a professional and for a beginner who wants to do everything with his own hands will be different. Lack of skill will affect the tool used. However, although the composition of the work is not very difficult, it requires careful execution.

How to plaster yourself, work procedure

The lower part of the house is more exposed to snow, rain, and living inhabitants than others. Cladding with panels is faster in terms of turnaround time. The solidity of the solidified mass gives reliable protection, maintainability of individual areas, thermal insulation and the ability to change the design by changing the outer layer. That is why we first plaster, and then the foundation of the house can be finished with other selected materials. You can also plaster under a stone. The work is divided into 4 main stages.

Surface preparation

Base priming

Regardless of the foundation material (concrete, expanded clay concrete blocks, brick, rubble stone), for a strong adhesion of the solution, it will be correct to perform the following operations:

Cut off protruding parts, sagging, cracked areas;
To cut cracks, clean out chipped pieces of seams;
Clean smooth areas with a metal brush;
It is recommended to make notches on concrete;
Treat with a primer.

A deep penetration primer will increase the adhesion of the surface of the foundation of the house. Deep cracks (cavities) are putty before applying the basic plaster. As a result, the plane should be vertical and rough. During the construction of the new house, the external walls were not exposed to prolonged exposure to the environment. Operations to thoroughly clean them, most likely, will not be required.

The area under the wall of the house is covered with roofing material to prevent the falling plaster mixes from mixing with the ground and debris. Subsequently, a blind area will lie here.

Markup

Installation of beacons for plaster

The result upon completion of the work is satisfying when everything is done, not only qualitatively, but also beautifully. The upper border looks good if the level is kept horizontally. When parallel to its ground, the building appears to be crooked.

For an even vertical surface and a given layer thickness, beacons are attached to the foundation stone. In the purchased version, it is a metal Ѵ-shaped profile with attachment planes. The profile is set by a plumb line or level. Secure with a thick enough mortar. The distance between adjacent landmarks is from one and a half to two meters.

Strength Belt

The composition of the protective belt covering the foundation of the house, before applying the solution, includes a reinforcing mesh (an ordinary chain-link or flatter plaster nets of various designs). Fastening is performed with a dowel at the rate of 20 - 30 pieces per square meter. At the corners, the mesh is overlapped with a double layer. It should not protrude beyond the beacons and sag in waves.

The tool you need

Plaster tools

For work, you will need a surface preparation tool, measuring devices and a tool for applying and leveling the solution. For decorative coating, their requirements. At all stages, depending on the possibilities, the execution of the operation greatly facilitates and speeds up the power tool. For example, dust, small pieces of stone from cracks can be removed with a paint brush, rotary soft brush or blown out with a compressor. It is correct to remove protruding parts of the foundation with a hammer, circular saw, and not with a powerful hammer drill. If the work is supposed to be done by hand, the use of devices and equipment for the first time can give the opposite result: tighten, complicate, affect the quality. What you should not refuse from an electric assistant - in the preparation of a solution.

Techniques and materials

Lightweight, breathable foundation plaster can be made of cement-lime mortar. From above, such a composition is usually whitewashed or painted. Facing it with ceramic tiles is not recommended - most likely, it will fall off over time. But it is easily repaired and slightly moldy in wet conditions.

Base layer

To create a strong and durable coating of the base of the house, choose cement grade 400 and always quarry sand in a ratio of 1 to 3. Mix dry in a concrete mixer. Add water in small portions to obtain a thick plastic mass. Depending on the climatic zone, experts will recommend which plasticizers are best used as additives in the main composition. Watch a video on how to plaster a foundation with your own hands.

Before plastering, a cement mortar of sour cream consistency with a thickness of 5-9 mm is sprayed onto the prepared base over the entire surface. After it dries up - cement "milk".

The covering layer should be applied to one side of the wall at a time. To facilitate the creation of even corners, the beginner can attach a bounding board to an adjacent surface (formwork option for stopping and aligning the line). The thickness was previously set by beacons.

Alignment

The plaster is allowed to set, and then a rough leveling with wooden grout is carried out on the damp surface. It is recommended to withstand until the strength is reached for up to 2 weeks. It is advisable to cover with a film and periodically moisten.

Outer cover

When the surface is planned to be embroidered "under the stone", then they do it until it dries completely. Then there is no spalling of grains and cracking. Joining, depending on the depth of the relief, is performed with a scalpel, trowel with the formation of smoothed edges and drops. The top layer is "iron" with wetting.

Decor

Now, after final drying, you can use a plastic compound (paint, fine crumbs, decorative dry or ready-made mixture) or hard tile materials as an external decorative coating.

conclusions

Textured plaster

The listed stages of work contain two key points:

Solution preparation;
Compliance with application technology.

Plastering is necessary without tearing off at least one side of the house. Then the superimposed composition dries evenly, grabs monolithically. It is advisable to limit as much as possible sudden changes in temperature, humidity, direct sunlight, weathering. For this, there are film materials.

If everything is done correctly, then the check will be long. If not, you will find out quickly.

Plastering the basement and foundation of a house performs several functions at once: practical - it protects the base from a harmful, aggressive environment, extending the service life, aesthetic - decorates the exterior of the house, collecting the architectural ensemble into a single, complete picture.

In the article, we will tell you about the main methods of plastering the foundation and basement, which solution is better to use, how to decorate the bearing elements of knowledge with your own hands.

Features of plaster basement and foundation

Basement - a supporting structure protruding above the ground surface, which is responsible for redistributing loads to the foundation. It is susceptible to harmful atmospheric, chemical and biological, mechanical influences, it experiences significant temperature deltas, and therefore needs strong protection. There are several options for cladding: tile, siding, stone, but the most affordable in terms of cost, quality, durability, maintainability and practicality is, of course, plastering the basement.

It is better to insulate the foundation and basement before plastering

Important steps for plastering a plinth

Prepare the plaster base with special care: beat off convex layers, bubbles, with a hammer. Remove dirt and dust, it is recommended to rinse with a stiff brush.

Block or brick base - scrape out weak layers of mortar, sweep and clean the seams with a brush.
We will inspect the monolithic concrete foundation. We identify cracks, gaps, ditch, knock down protrusions, clean.

We apply a deep penetration soil.

Requirements for mortar for foundation plaster

The plaster mortar for the foundation is prepared exclusively with cement, M400 and higher. Additives that improve waterproofing characteristics and plasticizers can be added to the mixture. The ratio for the foundation is cement: sand - 1: 3, the sandstone must be washed, without clay impurities.

Advice: You can buy ready-made plaster mix marked "for the foundation". The proportions of all components are correctly maintained in it.

Foundation plastering process

We make notches along the entire plane of the foundation with a hammer or chisel. We seal the cracks with a cement-sand mortar, along the pegs, we fix the reinforcing frame, we wet the surface. We spray on the foundation, a layer of up to 10 mm. Apply a primer on the dried layer again. Apply a covering layer of plaster to the foundation with a thick mixture. We rub the surface. It is applied to visible areas as in the technology with a plinth.

For a more detailed process, see the video on how to make decorative plaster of the foundation with your own hands, a video with detailed technology will help you not to make fatal mistakes.

The basement is the lower part of the building to the floor of the first floor. As a rule, it protrudes beyond the plane of the bearing wall, forming a step. It often acts as a building envelope for basements or semi-basements.

In cottage construction, the basement is assembled from reinforced concrete foundation blocks, monolithic concrete or red ceramic bricks. These materials need protection from rain, snow, seasonal temperature changes, and they should not stand out against the background of the facade. Therefore, in most cases, do-it-yourself plastering of the foundation of the house is performed.

Plastering a basement or a wet facade is the application of a cement-sand or other coating that performs protective and decorative functions:

Protective. The plaster layer alone or as part of a more complex coating (stone, ceramic granite, embossed plaster, insulation) partially or completely protects the surface from mechanical damage, freezing. It creates a water-repellent barrier, protects against the formation of fungus, Plaster does not transmit ultraviolet rays.
Decorative. Mosaic plaster for the basement hides all the flaws and irregularities, decorates the facade of the house. It helps to create a uniform color and stylistic composition.

Advantages and disadvantages

Plastering the basement is the most demanded method, but like any construction technology, it has a number of advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages

The plaster can be applied both on a clean surface and on insulation.
The plaster mix is easy to prepare at home, you can buy ready-made in bags. No special and expensive tools are required for application. All work can be done by hand.
Huge selection of dry textured plaster mixes. The finished surface can be painted in any color, which allows you to create a unique facade for each home.
High vapor permeability coefficient. The walls breathe without accumulating moisture in the thickness of the building structure.
Affordable price. Acceptable prices for material and work per square meter.

Flaws

The service life of a plastered base is much shorter than that of a stone one.
In some cases, the plaster layer is not strong enough. It can be destroyed or damaged. Even a small chip or crack gets water, which gradually destroys the plaster layer.
Ordinary cement-sand mortar absorbs moisture. Ready-made complex plaster mixes have a lower moisture absorption coefficient, but still not sufficient. Therefore, the finished surface is painted with special facade water-based paints.
In its pure form, the plaster freezes. There are heat-insulating types of plaster mix, but they do not give a good result without the use of sheet insulation.

Kinds

What is the best plaster for the basement. There is no direct and unambiguous answer to this undergrowth. Plaster mixes can be divided according to the composition and texture of the finished surface.

An example of textured plaster

According to their composition, they are subdivided:

Plaster based on Portland cement and sand. Inexpensive material that is used for the first leveling layer, exclusively on a clean stone or concrete base. It is also possible to plaster the basement on a grid and then apply a second finishing layer or. You can buy a ready-made mixture or mix the mortar directly on the construction site.
Plaster based on Portland cement with additives that allow it to be applied to surfaces sheathed with basalt mineral wool or foam. It is used to obtain a base layer or as the only finishing material.
Acrylic resin based plaster. It can be applied both on a clean concrete or brick surface, and used for the "wet facade" technology. It is moisture resistant and does not crack from seasonal temperature fluctuations. Due to the presence of mica, small stones or linen fibers in the composition, it is suitable for creating a decorative textured surface.
Silicone plaster. The most expensive and high quality material. It is elastic and durable, does not collapse from the action of shrinkage deformation and seasonal temperature fluctuations. She has a high coefficient of vapor permeability, which allows the base to "breathe". It is used only for finishing decorative facade coating.

By invoice

Classic smooth

The first base leveling layer is made of cement-sand or with plaster additives. The second layer is from. Then the base is painted.

Decorative

A more effective option. Due to additives in the composition of the solution or mechanical action on the surface, a relief pattern is obtained. There are several types:

"Bark beetle". A highly sought-after finish for plinths. After application, an original surface is obtained, covered with fine grooves;
A composition that imitates a surface covered with granite or marble chips;
"Venetian", After application, the effect of facing the basement with large pieces of marble is created.

Under the stone

Consists of natural binders, plasticizers and natural stone filler. To imitate different types of natural stone, a fine or medium-sized filler is used. The finished surface is very durable, protects the base from getting wet and mechanical damage.

Application technology

Plastering a plinth is available to everyone. You can do it yourself. The main stages of work are the same when using different materials, the set of tools is also the same.

Consider several options for plastering the basement of a residential building.

Under the stone

Do-it-yourself plastering of a basement under a stone consists of several stages:

Preparatory work. These include the application of a base layer of plaster to the base / plinth surface. All deep potholes and irregularities are repaired before application. Then the surface is treated with deep penetration soil, which dries for 3-4 hours. The base plaster coat is applied over a clean surface or over a mesh. It all depends on the roughness of the surface.
If the difference between the top and bottom of the basement is insignificant, then a layer of plaster without a grid with a thickness of 20-30 mm is sufficient.
If the difference between the top and bottom of the base is visually noticeable, then a galvanized stack with a mesh size of 25-25 mm is used.
The base surface is treated with deep penetration primer.
A finishing layer of plaster is applied under the stone with a thickness of 10-30 mm. The solution is mixed in a wide bucket using a mixer or perforator with a special attachment.

The masonry pattern can be chaotic or regular.

To obtain a surface from wild stone, the mixture is applied in small areas and compacted with a trowel. After setting, the plastered area is processed with a float.

With the help of a decorative plaster mixture and a chisel, an imitation of the surface cladding is created with pieces of stone of the correct or wrong size.

Basement of a house with a "wet" facade

In this case, the base is pre-installed or. They are mounted on a wet facade.

Base coat application. Plastering is always done over a fiberglass mesh. It is attached to the mortar and then sealed with a plaster mixture. For finishing the insulated basement, a simple cement mortar is not used. Ready-made mixtures with additives are used;
Application of the second layer. The surface of the base is treated with soil. Then decorative or smooth plaster is applied. The thickness of the layer of decorative plaster is 10 mm;
The finished base / plinth of the wet facade is painted. Paint in darker colors is often used than for the base surface.

Plastering the plinth for tiles

Finishing a basement with a plaster mixture is a good way to quickly, efficiently and inexpensively equip a basement at home. It is necessary to follow the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturers of finishing materials, as well as to carry out the work under acceptable weather conditions. The end result is a beautifully executed and durable base for your home.

Ready-made base plasters

Manufacturers of dry building mixtures offer many ready-made compounds for finishing plinths. In addition to sand and cement, they include various additives: plasticizing, waterproofing, increasing frost resistance of plaster, etc.

Among the most popular are the following:

Volma-Base... Water- and crack-resistant high-strength fiber-reinforced plaster based on Portland cement.

Eunice Silin basement... Water-repellent, frost-resistant, weather-resistant cement mixture.

Sokelputz Knauf... High-quality base plaster with high adhesion properties. Waterproof, frost resistant.

In addition to the basic leveling, there are also cement plasters, with the help of which the plinth can be given a decorative look. They can have different colors and structures.

Decorative compositions are applied after the base layer has completely dried.

Homemade plaster basement

The most affordable and budgetary way to finish the foundation is to prepare a solution and plaster it with your own hands. In order for the coating to be of high quality and durable, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions of cement and sand and add water-repellent additives to the composition.

Advice. As such an additive, you can use PVA construction glue, which is added to the water for mixing. It imparts plasticity to the solution and improves its adhesion. A more modern tool is a dispersion of synthetic polymer Latex Profi, which is perfectly compatible with cement.

Instructions for preparing plaster mortar:

Sift dry quarry sand through a fine mesh metal mesh to get rid of dirt, plant residues and coarse fractions;
Pour it into a mixing container or concrete mixer;
Add cement. If it is M500, then the ratio should be 1: 4 (for 1 part of cement 4 parts of sand), and if M400, then 1: 3;
Mix the dry ingredients thoroughly so that the mixture acquires a uniform color without streaks and stains of clean cement;

Before preparing a solution for plastering the foundation, dilute waterproofing additives in clean water;
Add water, stirring the solution constantly to achieve the desired consistency. Its amount depends on the type of work: for the first primer layer, the solution must be liquid, and for the main covering layer - plastic, not fluid.

Note. It is necessary to prepare the solution after all the preparatory work for cleaning the foundation has been completed.

Stages of plaster

Before plastering the foundation of a house, you need to examine it for cracks, crumbling areas, deformation protrusions and other defects.

Preparatory work

Preparation of the foundation for plastering consists in removing poorly adhering materials from its surface. For example, if it is lined with bricks or blocks, you should clean the seams from the destroyed mortar. If it is a concrete tape with cracks, then they are embroidered in width and depth until they reach strong sections.

You also need to knock off all the protrusions so that you do not have to make a too thick leveling layer.

The final stage of preparation before plastering the foundation is its primer (see What a primer is for: technological nuances of finishing work). For this, it is advisable to purchase a special composition suitable for your base.

Main works

Now you can talk in detail about how to properly plaster the foundation. Compliance with this technology will allow you to get a durable and even coating, on which you can subsequently apply a decorative composition or stick tiles, natural stone, and other facing materials.

So:

Moisten all masonry joints, cracks and potholes with water and seal them with mortar, roughly leveling the surface;
Fasten a reinforcing mesh or a chain-link with small cells to the base. To do this, you can use special brackets or dowels with a wide head;

Using a level, draw a straight line along the foundation, departing from the most protruding part by 2-4 cm, install vertical long pegs along it;
Cover the gaps between the pegs and the plinth with mortar, constantly checking the vertical with a level. Let the resulting bumps dry well - you will get beacons along which it will be convenient to level the plaster;

After removing the pegs, moisten the entire surface with water from a spray bottle or spray with a broom, then apply a liquid primer cement mortar to it;
When the primer seizes, you can start leveling: a thick layer of a plastic working solution is poured onto the foundation with a trowel, which is leveled with a rule according to beacons;

Since it is necessary to plaster the foundation of the house so that it looks aesthetically pleasing, the finished surface should be wiped off. This is done after the plaster has started to set, but while it is still wet. To do this, use a wooden float on which you can install the mesh;
Immediately after grouting, if you wish, you can "embroider" the surface under a stone or under a brick by drawing grooves on it.

If you want to revet the basement with tiles or stone, then you need to wait until the plaster is completely dry, which will take about two weeks.

Advice. To ensure that the coating dries evenly and does not crack, cover it with plastic wrap and protect it from direct sunlight.

Conclusion

You can learn more about the process of plastering the foundation from the video in this article. In principle, this is not a difficult matter, minor flaws are quite acceptable, so even an amateur can handle it. The main thing is to observe the proportions in the manufacture of the solution and the technology of its application.

Regardless of what kind of foundation is made, sooner or later it will start to collapse anyway. Cracks and damage appear especially quickly on brick and block foundations. It's no secret that cement is short-lived. He is not able to resist the influence of rain, and therefore is quickly washed out. It goes without saying that every home owner thinks about protecting the foundation. In this case, plaster of the foundation will be the best defender, and plaster of the foundation with your own hands is quite within the power of everyone.

What are the positive sides of foundation plaster? First of all, of course, it is its easy renewal and simple repair. It is very important to remember that plastering the foundation and interior spaces are two completely different processes. In order for the plastering work to be carried out correctly, and the coating to serve for many years, it is necessary to know some secrets of the preparation of the plaster solution together with the rules for its application. It is worth noting that adding color pigment to the solution will further decorate the foundation.

What kind of cement slurry is needed?

Today, there are several options for solutions suitable for plastering work. Among them, solutions are distinguished based on:

Gypsum;
Clays;
Lime;
Sand;
Cement, etc.

It should be said that solutions with the first three additives in no case can be used for plastering the foundation, since they are intended for interior decoration. It is important to remember that plastering the foundation of a house, more precisely, its basement, can be carried out exclusively with a cement-based mortar.

What should be included in the solution? In this case, only plasticizers, as well as various waterproofing components, can serve as additives. Today it is not difficult to find such solutions - there are quite a few of them in hardware stores.

It is worth saying that at first glance, these solutions are practically no different from each other. However, if you look closely, you will notice a difference in the percentage of supplements. This difference is very important. So, for example, the most plastic solution is applied much easier and is ideal for the subsequent decoration of the foundation. Mixtures with a large amount of waterproofing additives are perfect for places with high humidity.

There is a rule of thumb that a cement to sand ratio of 1: 5 will be acceptable for plastering. However, this rule is incorrect, since such a solution for plastering the foundation will "crumble" after a while. The optimal proportion in this case is 1: 3, while it is important to remember that sand can be used exclusively quarry, and sieved. The volume of water is selected individually each time. So, for the primer layer, liquid plaster is quite suitable, while for the covering layer - plastic, sour cream type.

Preparation of the solution

The preparation of the solution includes five stages:

Foundation preparation

Plastering the foundation with your own hands is not difficult, but painstaking. In order to properly and correctly apply the plaster, the foundation must be prepared in advance. In this case, you must adhere to 4 rules:

Stages of finishing the foundation

Before starting to plaster the foundation, you must:

Beacons are installed as follows:

Using the hydro level, an even strip is drawn on the ground near the foundation. It is important that the indentation from the foundation is almost invisible (2-3 cm), the strip should run close to each other.
At the place where the corner of the wall will intersect with the strip, the peg is installed strictly vertically, and the height of the peg must correspond to the height of the base.
The distance between the peg and the foundation must be filled with mortar. A vertical bump should form, the alignment of which should be done using a building level. Such beacons should be made in all corners, as well as every 1.5-2 meters.
3 nails should be driven into the pegs intended for corner beacons, on which it is necessary to pull the lace. This lace will work as a reference point for plastering the foundation under the stone. Accordingly, after pulling the lace, 3 lines will appear: below, in the middle and on top of the base. It is important to remember that between the laces and the beacons themselves, there is an opening of 1 mm.

How to plaster a foundation? There is nothing complicated in the further process.

First of all, you should wait for the lighthouses to dry, after which it is necessary to spray the foundation. First of all, it is wetted with water. After that, using a ladle or trowel, the cement mortar is sprayed, prepared in advance according to the above rules. The permissible layer thickness varies between 5-9 mm.
After the "spray" dries up, a more liquid primer should be applied on top of it.
After the primer has set, the coating composition should be applied - thicker and more plastic. It is this composition that is a plaster mortar with waterproofers and plasticizers.
The last step involves mashing the surface. This process achieves the smoothest surface possible and also allows it to be leveled. Grouting is carried out using a special grater, which has a fine metal mesh. You can also use foam or some other special tools. The most important thing is to choose the right moment for mashing. In this case, the plaster should not be completely dry, but it should already be seized. You can make plaster in a variety of ways - under a stone, or give it a relief surface.