In a greenhouse with 1. Greenhouse business on cucumbers

The article provides detailed instructions for organizing a compact greenhouse economy, which includes the choice of greenhouses and equipment, as well as their comparative analysis, three-turn agricultural technology for growing cucumbers and methods of selling products.

The essence of such a business idea is as follows: we buy greenhouses and equipment, mount them on a plot of land with an area of ​​500m² (5 acres), establish year-round cultivation of cucumbers and at the exit we get up to 37 tons of fresh vegetables.

Why greenhouse cucumbers?

The idea of ​​growing vegetables in greenhouses with their subsequent implementation is far from new and, at first glance, lacks prospects. This is partly confirmed by the research of the consulting company "Technologies of Growth", according to which the domestic market for protected soil products is going through hard times. But it is precisely these circumstances that create almost ideal conditions for small entrepreneurs to do business.

1. Firstly, all large greenhouse farms, due to the impossibility of replacing old greenhouse complexes with new ones, are forced to close them. For example, only in the Moscow region, since 2000, there has been an annual reduction in the area of ​​greenhouses by 20-25 hectares, which creates demonopolization of the market and all the prerequisites for healthy competition.
2. Secondly, cucumbers, fresh and retaining their aroma, have always been in high demand among the population, which cannot be said about imported products, where vegetables are packed unripe for transportation. In addition, the growing interest of Russians in a healthy lifestyle and food products makes it possible to assert with confidence that the need for "living vitamins" in winter will only increase every year.
3. Thirdly, to organize their own small, but extremely profitable greenhouse economy is within the power of anyone. To do this, you do not need to be the owner of huge land plots, because a small plot of land for greenhouses (from 6 to 15 acres) can be rented out completely free of charge in any convenient rural settlement.

Organizational and legal forms of doing business

Personal subsidiary farm (LPH)

A personal subsidiary farm for entrepreneurs who begin such activities is the best option. And not only because the owner of a private household plots is completely exempt from paying taxes. According to the federal law of 7.07.2003, No. 112-FZ art. 2 p.m. 4, any sold products produced during the maintenance of subsidiary farming do not belong to entrepreneurial activity.

Note. To sell fresh vegetables through a network of grocery stores, owners of private household plots do not need to collect any permits, certificates or regulations. It is enough to confirm the origin of the products sold with a certificate from the local government and conclude a simple purchase and sale agreement in the form of a regular receipt.

Here is such an interesting legal paradox. You can grow tens of tons of cucumbers, earn millions of rubles, and this will not be regarded as an entrepreneurial activity.

To obtain the status of a private farm owner, it is enough to own or lease a plot of agricultural land with an area of ​​no more than 2 hectares. And a certificate from local authorities that such a site is available and that vegetables are grown on it.

Individual entrepreneur IP

Registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur is optimal in the case when the planned volume of production of agricultural products is quite impressive and for its implementation it is necessary to create a large retail sales network. As mentioned above, the Russian consumer prefers domestic cucumbers to imported cucumbers, and to prove their origin, a sticker on the packaging or a certificate along with a declaration of conformity is needed. And such papers are issued either to an individual entrepreneur or to a legal entity.

Peasant farm (KFH)

Peasant farming is perfect for partner business. The legal form of KFH is very similar to LLP (limited liability partnership), but it is a more simplified version. The owners of peasant farms receive a number of tax benefits and can count on government subsidies, and all decisions they make are legally binding.

What form of taxation to choose?

If the entrepreneurial activity was registered as an individual entrepreneur or a peasant farm, then it is better to choose unified agricultural tax to pay taxes. The unified agricultural tax exempts the owner of the enterprise from paying property tax, income tax and VAT. The tax rate is 6% and is deducted from net income. In the event of an unprofitable year, for example, cucumbers burn or freeze, such expenses are accounted for in the current taxable base.

OKVED code for growing vegetables in any kind of soil - 01.12.1.

Important! Vegetables grown in a certain region of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of their subsequent sale in the same region, do not require mandatory certification or obtaining a declaration of conformity. In the case of transporting vegetables to another region of the Russian Federation, region or country, the presence of a certificate and declaration of conformity for these products is required. For more detailed information on obtaining such documents, it is better to contact your local branch of the Rosselkhoznadzor.

Equipment selection

Greenhouses

For many vegetable growers, the phrase "greenhouse economy" is associated with huge greenhouse complexes, the construction of which requires multi-million dollar investments. And in most cases this circumstance was a deterrent for small entrepreneurs. It was until 10-15 years ago new technologies were introduced into the industry: it is durable polycarbonate and lightweight metal structures for greenhouses. Thanks to this, a novice businessman, relying on his real capabilities, can create his own greenhouse farm in the shortest possible time and almost immediately make a profit.

The advantages of KChM-5k-03M are obvious:

• Works on any type of solid fuel, which is many times cheaper than electric and gas heat carriers.
• At the request of the customer, it is completed with burners of various types: for gas or automobile mining.
• The heated area of ​​the room is 210 m2, which is optimal for industrial greenhouses of the "Farmer" type.
• The high heat transfer from the outer walls of the boiler allows you to quickly warm up the cooled vestibule of the greenhouse, including the tank for automatic irrigation.

However, it is impossible to solve the problem of heating the greenhouse with the help of a boiler and a water heating system, since a layer of fertile soil also needs to be warmed up. Previously, water or air heated pipes were used for this purpose, but this approach increased the risk of soil overheating and, as a result, led to the death of plants. Now, with the advent of the "warm floor" technology, it has become much easier and safer to warm up the soil in the greenhouse.

The Green Box Agro 14 GBA-1480 soil heating kit does a good job with this task. The set is designed for 15m² of usable greenhouse area, is able to create an optimal temperature regime for the underground parts of plants and is practically not subject to mechanical stress. Equipped with a moisture resistant thermostat.

Lighting and watering plants

Despite the fact that many parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids have now been bred that can bear fruit in conditions of high shade, they still need artificial lighting, especially in the winter months. And for full lighting of greenhouse cucumbers, it is better to use LED lamps rather than ordinary fluorescent lamps.

LED lamps, such as the Led grow light 90w UFO, have spectral characteristics that are completely identical to sunlight, ensuring the normal process of photosynthesis in plants. Thanks to such lamps, it is possible to save up to 60% of electricity for lighting the greenhouse, and their service life is really impressive, amounting to at least 50 thousand hours. In addition, LED lamps do not heat up at all and do not require cooling, unlike their similar sodium counterparts.

Caring for greenhouse cucumbers takes a lot of time and effort from the grower, especially with regard to timely watering. And, of course, when several acres of land are occupied under the greenhouses, watering cucumbers with a hand watering can will be laborious and ineffective. To solve this problem and, if possible, to mechanize the greenhouse economy as much as possible, it is recommended to use automatic plant watering systems, which include the "Kapel" drip irrigation system.

The Kapel autowatering system is easy to maintain and its principle of operation is elementary: a container for water is installed in the vestibule of the greenhouse of a given volume, hoses and an electronic sensor for water supply to the beds are connected to it. If possible, water-soluble fertilizers can be added to the container, which dramatically increases the yield of cucumbers.

Table 1. List of models of greenhouses and equipment for the organization of greenhouse facilities of any area.

Table 2. List of equipment for greenhouse facilities with an area of ​​500m² based on industrial greenhouses "Farmer".

Note. The price of 1m² of the greenhouse includes a metal frame and a polycarbonate covering of the best quality.

How to get 90 kg of cucumbers from 1m² of the greenhouse?

It is not difficult to achieve such high yields. To do this, you need to use a three-turn technique for growing cucumbers, where two harvests occur in the autumn-winter-spring months, and one harvest in the summer. It is in the summer harvest of cucumbers that one of the most important key points of this business idea lies.

• Firstly, growing cucumbers in a greenhouse in summer does not require heating and lighting, which means that the cost of production will be very low.
• Secondly, the vegetable grower controls the whole process and is completely independent of external weather conditions. That is, the plants receive timely watering, the recommended amount of fertilizers, the temperature of the air and soil meets the standards, they are easy to care for, etc.
• Thirdly, all the profit received from the sale of the summer harvest will fully (!) cover the future costs of heating and lighting the greenhouse in the autumn-winter period.

Practical example... So, we have 420m² of greenhouse land planted with cucumbers, where fruiting dates are from 20.06. until 20.09. During this time, 25 kg of cucumbers were removed from 1m² of greenhouse beds and sold at the lowest wholesale price - 20 rubles. per kg. As a result, the total harvest was about 10 thousand kg and the owner of the greenhouse farm earned about 250 thousand rubles. This amount is quite enough to stock up on solid fuel and pay electricity bills.

Selection of varietal cucumbers

Parthenocarpic hybrids are best suited for growing and obtaining stable fruiting of cucumbers in a greenhouse.

Reference. The parthenocarpic cucumber is a hybrid cultivar capable of forming ovaries without pollination. In this case, self-pollinated varieties should not be confused with parthenocarpic ones, since the process of fetal formation is different for them. In addition, parthenocarpic vegetables grow without seeds.

When it comes to choosing a specific variety, it is best to contact your local seed station or seed institute. In this case, the risk of acquiring a fake is practically excluded. There you can also get all the information about the cultivation of parthenocarpic hybrids.

Table 3. The economic benefit of growing parthenocarpic cucumber in 3 turns.

Greenhouse installation and maintenance

How to establish stable distribution channels for your products?

Based on the above figures, one greenhouse farm with an area of ​​500 m2 receives 37 tons of fresh cucumbers per year, which is just over 3 tons of vegetable products per month. Naturally, such a considerable amount of vegetables must be sold as quickly as possible, and here you need to use several distribution channels at once:

• Wholesale bases.
• Covered vegetable markets.
• Grocery store chain.
• Intermediary firms between wholesalers and grocery stores.
• Direct sales of products from the place of production.

Of course, all these sales channels have their own advantages and disadvantages regarding the final cost of greenhouse cucumbers, the volume of lots sold, etc. However, in order to establish them and not suffer losses from overproduction in the future, it is necessary to create a stable sales network several months before the mass harvest. That is, to agree in advance with the owners of retail outlets, to discuss conditions, prices, the size of the supplied lots, to conclude oral or written agreements. In this case, the problem of selling greenhouse cucumbers will be completely solved.

Feasibility studies for starting a business

Capital investments

• Components for the construction of 420m² greenhouses: 640.5 thousand rubles.
• Soil heating kits: 121.8 thousand rubles.
• Boilers for heating greenhouses: 69.9 thousand rubles.
• LED lamps: 579.6 thousand rubles.
• Automatic irrigation systems: 30.5 thousand rubles.
• Transportation costs: 60 thousand rubles.
• Other expenses (purchase of seeds, fertilizers, pipes, electrical wiring, etc.): 150 thousand rubles.
• Total: 1,649,000 rubles.

How much can you earn?

Revenue calculation:

• Cucumber production per year: 37 tons.
• Average cost per 1 kg: 60 rubles.
• Revenue for the year: 2,220,000 rubles.

Annual expenses:

• Solid fuel (coal, firewood): 145 thousand rubles.
• Electricity: 16 thousand rubles.
• Cucumber seeds: 17 thousand rubles
• Fertilizers and processing agents: 20 thousand rubles.
• Total: 198 thousand rubles.

Profit calculation:

Profit= RUB 2,220,000 - 198,000 rubles. = RUB 2,022,000 *

* The size of the profitability of the activity according to the expert opinion of the author of the article is conditional, it is presented for the reader's understanding of how profitability is calculated (note from the Moneymaker Factory).

• • 1. Seedlings
  • 2. Vegetables
  • 3. Flowers
  • 4. Strawberries
  • 5. Greens
• How much can you earn
• Tax system
• Permissions to open

What What What is it profitable to grow in a greenhouse? This question is asked by many novice farmers and owners of personal subsidiary plots who want to succeed in the difficult greenhouse business. However, before talking about the profitability of this or that greenhouse plant, it is worth mentioning the flip side of the issue - costs. Depending on climatic conditions, the profitability of growing individual crops, and in general the greenhouse business, can differ dramatically. On some forums you can meet people who are eager to start a greenhouse business in Siberia and the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Some enthusiasts even plan to carry out year-round production. In view of their inexperience, they still have no idea how much resources can be spent on maintaining a greenhouse.

The main disadvantage of the greenhouse business

The very first thing that can bring any greenhouse project to a minus is the heating of the greenhouse. To heat a brick house and a polycarbonate greenhouse are not the same thing. For example, heating a house of 50 sq. m costs in winter at 2500 rubles / month, then a thin greenhouse of the same area will take 5 - 10 times more. Even in the southern regions, farmers do not keep greenhouses all year round, and only open the season in February - March. A similar layout comes with greenhouse lighting. The dim light, as in the apartment, will definitely not work. Plants in the cold season need the same daylight hours as they receive in the warm season. The light must be bright, and this is a very high cost of electricity. What can I say, even for growing tomatoes additional light is needed on the windowsill. Someone may argue - "so after all, we will sell the product at a high price, look how much a tomato costs in February." The prices that can be observed in grocery chains should not be a guideline. Wholesale vegetables and greens are sold almost two times cheaper than the prices shown in the window. This is because retailers have their own costs associated with logistics, markdowns, taxes, salespeople salaries, and so on. Do you want to trade without intermediaries, with a wide variety of goods? Now this is not a problem at all, you can place your ad on Avito. Find out, how to get stable income from ads what is better to sell on the Internet and what is the best way to make money.

How much money is needed to start a successful business of growing vegetables and plants in a greenhouse

It is worth considering! If a farmer does not have any experience in growing a particular crop, he will not be able to get the required volume of production and the losses will be colossal.

Of course, this does not mean that year-round cultivation in greenhouses in temperate climates is impossible. It is quite possible that there are many such farms. But, all such projects cost a lot of money and, naturally, a small farmer cannot afford it. Before starting any business, it is advisable to learn how to manage money. Think about your future today. Go money management marathon and find out about the secrets of rich people and about where to invest to get stable passive income.

When is the best time to start a greenhouse business

What can we conclude - profitable cultivation in a greenhouse should start with small volumes and before the opening of the season. The main task of the greenhouse is to get a crop several weeks before a similar product appears on the market from summer cottages. Prices will still be very attractive, and demand is high, so the product can be sold without any problems. A small greenhouse, in the first place, will not ruin the farmer in case of failure. And secondly, it will allow you to evaluate the market and make it clear whether it is worth doing this business or not.

Greenhouse plant cultivation technology

So, let's go directly to the disclosure of the main question of our topic - which plants are more profitable to grow in a greenhouse? And here is our TOP 5 best greenhouse ideas.

1. Seedlings

Oddly enough, but it is the cultivation of seedlings that is one of the most profitable ideas for a greenhouse. In the spring, the demand for seedlings goes everywhere - they are bought by both the owners of summer cottages and adjoining territories, and other farms specializing in crop production. There can be a lot of options here. Take strawberry seedlings, for example. Even in the fall, you can make blanks of frigo seedlings (for more details about frigo seedlings, see the article " The Strawberry Business - 4 Ways to Grow Your Strawberry Profitably"), And in the spring to plant these seedlings in a greenhouse and sell them for several months. On one square meter, you can safely arrange up to several hundred roots. The retail price of one bush, depending on the variety, ranges from 50 to 100 rubles. We sold 10,000 roots - earned from 500 thousand rubles. To be convinced of the real demand for strawberry seedlings, just look at the statistics of Yandex search queries. So, according to Wordstat data, the phrase "buy strawberry seedlings" in the month of April alone is trying to find about 18,000 times. Of these, Moscow accounts for just over 4,000 requests. This suggests that the sale of seedlings can be carried out not only through markets and nurseries, but also via the Internet.

The same can be said about seedlings of flowers (petunias), tomatoes, cabbage. The demand is colossal.

2. Vegetables

Cucumbers and tomatoes are the most proven greenhouse crops. Vegetables are bought always and everywhere, regardless of the crisis. A big plus of the same cucumbers is that they are stored for a long time. The harvested crop can be stored for weeks, although fresh cucumber is sold out very quickly. Moreover, if it is grown in the same region where it is sold. The yield of greenhouse cucumbers and tomatoes, with proper technology, is 30 - 45 kg per sq. m. Greenhouse for 300 sq. m. can bring up to 12 tons of vegetables per season. In May 2016, cucumbers in our stores (Ulyanovsk) cost an average of 80 rubles / kg. If for some reason it is not possible to agree with vegetable stalls and grocery stores, then you can sell the goods without any problems on your own. If the farm has a roomy car, then you can just stand by the road with good car traffic, hang a signboard "vegetables from private household plots", indicate the price tag just below the store prices and there will be no end of customers. Each customer can be given business cards and soon you will be selling products directly from your greenhouse area.

3. Flowers

A slightly more complex and rather southern option for the greenhouse business is the idea of ​​growing a cut flower. The primary task in this case is to get the main harvest by the March and then May holidays. How much can you earn here. So, modern technologies for growing roses make it possible to get up to 250 cuts per year from one bush. Up to 4 bushes can grow freely on one square meter. That is, from 1 sq. m. 1000 slices are collected per year. Greenhouse for 100 sq. m. will allow you to grow up to 100 thousand slices! The average wholesale price for one cut of a rose is 40 rubles. By not cleverly calculating, we get a revenue of 4 million rubles per year. This is a lot of money, and even with the high costs of maintaining the greenhouse, the profit remains high. There are, however, several serious "pitfalls" that hinder the widespread development of this business. Firstly, flowers, and even more so roses, are very capricious and require special care. Small deviations from the norm - the flowers are frail and not marketable. Secondly, the cost of creating greenhouse conditions for growing flowers is slightly higher than in the case of vegetables. Finally, thirdly - sales! More and more farmers are growing flowers today, and the lion's share of the goods comes from abroad. The competition is extremely high and not everyone is able to withstand it.

4. Strawberries

In more southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, Kuban), strawberry cultivation in a greenhouse is quite common. Today there are several effective strawberry cultivation technologies in greenhouses: Dutch and Israeli technology, vertical beds (trukars), growing frigo seedlings, hydroponics. For some of them, it is possible to achieve a yield of 30 tons per hectare. In the south, fresh strawberries can be seen on the shelves as early as May. But in the central and Volga regions, finding early locally produced strawberries is not an easy task. This is due to the fact that the berry has an extremely short shelf life (only 2 days) - it simply does not reach solvent buyers in the northern regions. And the one that arrives, as a rule, is unbearably expensive and does not look very much like a berry. On May 25, I decided to "monitor" the prices for strawberries in our city (Volga region) and somehow found a berry on sale, which was surprisingly delivered from Uzbekistan. Price - 350 rubles / kg! And surprisingly, people took it. What can we conclude - at such prices, growing strawberries in a greenhouse, even in a temperate climate, looks like a very promising idea. You can start small - with a greenhouse of 50-100 sq. m. Even with a primitive technology with the use of drip irrigation and agrofibre, you can get a good harvest 10 to 12 days earlier than a summer cottage berry. And this will be enough to sell strawberries at a high price. Even 200 r. per kilogram will allow you to get a plus. When people see imported berries for 350 rubles. and local for 200 rubles. their choice will be obvious.

5. Greens

It may turn out to be a profitable business growing greenery in the greenhouse. First of all, these are: onions, salads, parsley, dill, cilantro, basil and sage. A big plus of greenery is that, unlike other greenhouse crops, the period from sowing to harvest is the shortest here. So, onions for a feather, spinach and parsley can be obtained within 30 - 35 days after sowing. Productivity with hydroponic technology can be up to 6 kg per 1 sq. m. And the price per kilogram, as you know, reaches 200 rubles in the spring. per kg. In just three to four months, up to three harvests can be harvested. Another plus of growing greens is the cost of planting material. They are, in fact, "penny", in contrast to the same strawberries or flowers. The only difficulty that will certainly await any entrepreneur is the sale of products. It will not be possible to get into retail chains, the volumes are not the same, and the entry price may not be profitable. Many farmers find a way out by selling greenery in public catering establishments: cafes, restaurants and canteens. Such organizations are always happy to cooperate, since in their activities they are constantly faced with the problem of supplying ingredients.

How much can you earn

In this type of business, it is difficult to calculate income, since some individual entrepreneurs already have greenhouses, while others will invest in their construction, and the income also depends on the size of the greenhouse. A sample business plan will look like this. To grow seedlings you need:

1. Greenhouse (foil or made of polycarbonate) with an area of ​​18 sq. M. If you grow seedlings in two-level boxes, then the usable area doubles and is 36 sq. M. On such an area, 7,500 cups of seedlings are obtained. The cost of one glass of seedlings is from 8 to 15 rubles, depending on the region. Thus, 7,500 glasses of at least 8 rubles each will bring an income of 60,000 rubles.
2. Purchase of varietal seeds, bulbs, with a germination rate of up to 80%. The cost of one seed is about 12 kopecks per piece. For growing 7 500 pcs. seedlings need to be purchased 9,000 pcs. seeds, 1,080 rubles will be spent on this.
3. Purchase of soil, for cups, approximately 10 cubic meters. will amount to 8,000 rubles.
4. The cost of 1 glass is 1.8 rubles, in total 13,500 rubles will be needed.
5. Arrangement of heating a greenhouse during the growth of seedlings will cost 2,000 rubles.

Total costs will be: 1,080 + 8,000 + 13,500 + 2,000 = 24,580 rubles. The net profit will amount to 35,420 rubles. (Read more in the article “ Greenhouse business plan») Which OKVED to indicate in order to register OKVED 2 Section A: agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming. OKVED 2 01 Plant growing and animal husbandry, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas. OKVED 2 01.3 Growing seedlings OKVED 2 01.30 Growing seedlings

What documents are needed to open

This business will require a package of documents related to agricultural production and retail trade. It is necessary to register a business entity: it can be an individual entrepreneur or a collective farm. The prepared documents must be submitted to government authorities or to multifunctional public service centers (MFC).

Tax system

This business is related to the production of agricultural products, therefore, a taxation system for agricultural producers is applied, the so-called unified agricultural tax. (ESHN). The main condition for this tax is that the proceeds from the sale of these products is at least 70% of all proceeds, and also that the enterprise should be engaged in the production of agricultural products, and not in their sale. Unified agricultural tax is calculated as follows: SthB, where St is the tax rate, B is the tax base. The tax rate is 6%, and the tax base is calculated from income received in the reporting period, less expenses.

Professional business plans on the topic:

• Farm business plan (14 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
• Plant nursery business plan (25 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
• Business plan for growing potatoes (15 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇

Permissions to open

For this type of activity, the seller of seedlings must obtain a sanitary phyto-certification. You can get it from the sanitary inspection. It is also necessary to register an enterprise with state authorities, register with the tax office as an agricultural producer, purchase land or conclude a lease agreement. In fact, there are many more ways to get rich. The author of this blog writes in great detail about these methods in an article about ways to invest and start a business.

Growing strawberries in greenhouse conditions requires the creation of special conditions and certain cash costs. How justified are the latter interests of every gardener. Especially the question of self-sufficiency and profit is important when the crop is grown for further implementation.

To calculate the possible income, a corresponding business plan is drawn up. Its main point is the yield of harvested strawberries in a greenhouse with 1 m2, which is multiplied by the total usable area. The resulting revenue, net of expenses, is profit.

What criteria affect yield?

The fundamental factors on which the fruiting of a crop depends are the following:

1. Landing density. What matters is the size of the landing tanks involved, the layout.
2. Conditions of detention. Properly organized care directly affects the fruiting of the crop.
3. Variety. It is necessary to choose only the best and high-yielding varieties.
4. Technology. The year-round cultivation of strawberries involves a choice between the Dutch and Russian methods.

Each nuance is reflected in the final volume of products received.

It's interesting to know! Sweet and juicy, strawberries are practically sugar-free. There are even whole weight loss systems for those who want to find harmony.

The best greenhouse varieties

When cultivating strawberries for themselves, gardeners choose varieties according to their taste and preferences. Farmers interested in the success and profitability of the event should focus on the following features:

• the number of blooms per year;
• the regularity of the release of ovaries;
• disease and pest resistance;
• the quality of the berries.

Fruits should be large, bright red and taste good. Fragrant berries are the most popular among buyers.

Time-tested varieties

They have been successfully grown for many years in a greenhouse and consistently bring a rich high-quality crop. Each has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account before planting.

Evie 2

Repaired high-yielding variety with large sweet berries. The variety is intended for protected ground. The main advantage is that the culture tolerates transportation well. If agrotechnical standards are observed, about 2 kg of harvest is harvested from each Evi bush.

Honey

Can be grown outdoors. The variety is highly resistant to one of the biggest attacks of all indoor varieties - gray mold. The culture is not afraid of a temporary increase in humidity and a decrease in temperatures, does not deteriorate during transportation. Fruiting of the variety is not the highest. About 500 g of sweet and sour berries are obtained from a bush.

Alba

An early ripe variety with tasty conical berries. Like most varieties grown in greenhouses, it tolerates transportation well. For a long time it can be kept in unfavorable conditions, but 1.2 kg from each bush gives only if all the rules of cultivation are observed.

Elsanta

On average, it gives about 1.5 kg of medium berries from each bush. Differs in excellent taste, but demanding care. This strawberry can only be kept in a heated greenhouse, since it may die during the frost period. With the exception of low temperatures, the variety almost never gets sick and is not affected by pests.

Octave

It bears excellent fruit in greenhouses. The berries have an excellent aroma and excellent taste characteristics. An early ripe variety tolerates low temperatures well, so a short lack of heating will not lead to the death of the bush, and it is also resistant to many pests.

Sonata

Dutch variety with large aromatic dessert berries. Perfectly resists powdery mildew and gray mold. It has proven itself well in greenhouse conditions.

Daryonka

How to improve yields?

We are constantly receiving letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year there is a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS on this matter. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulants that will help increase the yield up to 50-70%.

Read ...

Non-remontant early ripening variety, bred by Russian breeders, for planting in greenhouses. The culture is resistant to almost all diseases. On the bushes, sweet berries with a characteristic strawberry flavor ripen.

High-yielding varieties

If strawberries are grown in a greenhouse for commercial purposes for large supplies, farmers give their preference to the following varieties:

• Baron Solemacher. Bred by Dutch breeders, the variety allows you to collect up to 4 kg of sweet small berries.
• Albion. It does not belong to remontant varieties, but it has a good yield. When grown correctly, it yields from 2 to 4 kg. Small berries ripen on the bush, each of which weighs about 12 g on average.
  Picture 7
• Brighton. Repaired variety. It is especially attractive for commercial cultivation, since one berry weighs about 80 g. In addition, the variety is characterized by excellent resistance to transport and a long shelf life.
• Diva F1. A remontant Dutch variety, perfectly suitable for cultivation in our country. The hybrid tolerates transportation well and has a sweet fruit.
• Elizabeth II. Juicy and sweet strawberries ripen on the bushes. From one plant, you can get up to 4 kg of fruits. Poorly tolerates transportation.

The choice is due not only to yield, but also to the characteristics of the variety.

What yield per year can you get from one bush?

Fruiting of each variety has its own limitations. The maximum amount of berries can be obtained only with ideal compliance with all conditions of detention. The largest yield per plant does not exceed 4 kg. You can take care of the hybrid as much as you like, but it will not allow you to get more fruits.

If we talk about early selection varieties, they give up to 400-500 g per fruiting. A similar result can be achieved without any special effort, but if yield is a priority, care and maintenance are given top priority.

How to properly grow strawberries in greenhouse conditions?

The disembarkation is carried out from the end of February to the first half of March. The ideal land is considered to be where cereals grew as green manure. It is brought in from the fields, which is not always possible. You cannot take the soil in which potatoes or cabbage were grown. Sod land can become an alternative to the imported substrate. It is preliminarily loosened by adding sawdust.

The culture is quite demanding on the length of daylight hours. During the flowering period, strawberries in the greenhouse should be illuminated from 14 to 17 hours a day. This is one of the main conditions for obtaining a rich year-round harvest. It is also important to monitor the humidity of the air. The first 3 weeks after planting the seedlings, it should be 80%, before the flowering period - 75, and during the growing season - 70%.

The maximum size of the berries on the bushes grow under the condition of correctly selected dressings. Experienced farmers advise using complex fertilizers, which include superphosphate, magnesia, potassium, urea. Obtaining organic fruits involves the use of compost or manure, but from such dressing, fruiting will be more scarce.

Temperature regime

The most difficult part of strawberry keeping. To get a good harvest, it is necessary to achieve a gradual decrease in temperature. Otherwise, fruiting will be rather poor or will not come. Mustaches and fruits do not form on bushes if the air temperature drops below +12. Most varieties do not tolerate temperature fluctuations well from the beginning of the flowering period, even within 5 degrees.

The optimal regime of detention is considered:

• from planting to rooting +25;
• when flowering from +22 to +15 degrees.

The temperature drop should be smooth. Any sudden jumps during the flowering period or lowering the thermometer below +15 threatens the lack of full-fledged pollination, which negatively affects fruiting. Hybrid varieties normally relate to drafts, but it is allowed to ventilate the greenhouse only at a temperature of 7 degrees above zero.

How is greenhouse pollination carried out?

If the choice is not made in favor of a self-pollinated hybrid, the plants will have to be pollinated artificially. In greenhouse conditions there is no wind, insects, rain. The exception is constructions with an open roof. If this was not foreseen, you have to resort to other methods.

Making artificial wind

It is carried out by installing fans that drive air streams directed in different directions. One device is required for an area of ​​30 square meters. The fans are turned on once a day for several hours. This is done during the period of active flowering.

Repaired hybrids bloom almost constantly. They require regular pollination with "artificial wind" turned on for at least 3 hours. In large greenhouse areas, it is better to mount several units, and in small greenhouse areas, you can use a conventional portable device.

Bees

The most efficient pollination method, but also the most labor intensive. The hive requires additional space in the greenhouse. Another disadvantage is that the bees must be released, and therefore, it is impossible to stay indoors without a protective suit. Otherwise, there is a risk of being stung.

Shower

Created by powerful sprayers. Flowering bushes are watered from installations. The expediency of this method is questionable, since the pollination efficiency is no more than 45%. More than half of the pollen is washed away by an artificial rainstorm.

Draft

Formed by opening opposite windows. Such pollination is especially effective in warm weather with an average wind speed. The technique is suitable for greenhouses with a strong frame that can withstand the load from gusts of air masses.

Which technology should you choose?

Two systems for cultivating strawberries in a greenhouse - Russian and Dutch - have become widespread. Each has its own characteristics. Profitability and fruiting directly depend on the choice of a specific technology, strict adherence to agrotechnical standards.

Russian

Strawberries are planted directly in ground beds, and not in a container. Each is one meter wide. Necessarily provide for the presence of passages. On top of the beds fall asleep 5 cm of fine gravel or expanded clay crumbs, 10 cm of sand and 8 cm of fertile soil.

For each square. m. add 10 g of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate. The rosettes are planted in a checkerboard pattern or with a step of 30 cm. The holes are made 8-10 cm deep. To increase the humidity and prevent the growth of weeds, covering the plantings with film or agrofibre allows.

Watering is organized by drip. The first 3-4 weeks it should be daily, and after rooting - once a week. Nitrogen fertilizing is applied with the transition to nitrate, potassium, superphosphate after 2 months. The development of bushes is facilitated by carbon dioxide.

The advantage of the technology is that there is no need to replace the bushes after each flowering, but this leads to a lower yield.

Dutch

It has a lot of advantages and is most widespread far beyond the borders of the Netherlands. Landings are placed in several tiers, which allows you to "plant" 1 sq. m. not less than 50 bushes, and with a competent location and more.

Fruits are much easier to pick from pots, pipes or bags than from garden beds. Increased productivity is achieved due to a compact layout of outlets, better access to light and oxygen. Cold air stays at the bottom, and watering savings of up to 50%.

The only drawback is the renewal of plantings after the end of the fruiting period. The gardener needs to constantly buy new seedlings or prepare his own.

What is the real yield of strawberries in a greenhouse from each square meter?

It all depends on the technology, variety, compliance with agrotechnical standards. Russian technology is less labor-intensive, but gives a smaller yield, which can vary from 5 to 15 kg. The Dutch method is much more effective. On average, if all the conditions for correct maintenance are fully met, from 1 sq. m. you can collect 25 kg of berries. Considering that 3-4 harvests are obtained per year, 75-100 kg of strawberries are obtained, and the total volume depends on the size of the greenhouse itself.

Crazy strawberry harvest

And a little about the secrets of the Author

Have you ever experienced unbearable joint pain? And you know firsthand what it is:

• inability to move easily and comfortably;
• discomfort when going up and down stairs;

Around the perimeter must be equipped with thermal insulation from expanded clay to protect plants during severe prolonged cold weather. Frame lintels must be positioned longitudinally at a distance of 75–90 cm from each other. This design will help to avoid damage to the walls during heavy snowfalls.

A greenhouse for growing tomatoes all year round should not just stand on the ground! Its recommended set on a wooden platform from thick bars. In addition, it is required to make a concrete base, on top of which to lay the foam. Otherwise, the plants may freeze out when the soil is very cold.

The greenhouse must be equipped with good lighting and heating. For backlight usually sodium and fluorescent lamps are used... As on the site, read on our website.

In the fall, the room must be prepared:

1. Clean the greenhouse from dirt and debris.
2. Check all electrical appliances, plumbing, troubleshoot and repair.
3. Everything disinfect surfaces solution of potassium permanganate. You can fumigate the room with sulfur bombs.

Suitable varieties

When choosing varieties, preference should be given to those that meet certain requirements:

• indeterminacy... Bushes can be allowed to grow upward, making the most of the area of ​​the room;
• high productivity;
• early and very early periods of fruit ripening;
• excellent taste properties;
• high resistance to various diseases and attack of harmful insects;
• long keeping quality.

These varieties include: tomato tree Octopus, Malyshok, Annabelle, Dobrun, Flamenco, Pink Flamingo, Junior, Samara, Amber, Hurricane.

Hurricane- high-yielding, early ripening variety. It is versatile in use, has excellent taste properties and a high content of vitamin C.

Amber- ultra-early ripening, productive variety, very resistant to late blight and macrosporosis (see photo below).



Samara- indeterminate early ripening hybrid variety. The use is universal, high resistance to most diseases (see photo below).



Junior- ultra-early ripening, super-determinant hybrid. Differs in strong resistance to many diseases and excellent fruit taste.

Pink flamingo- early maturing, indeterminate variety. Produces delicious and mature tomatoes. The shelf life is about 60–70 days (see photo below).



Flamenco- early maturing, semi-determinant hybrid. The use of fruits is universal, the taste is excellent, the yield is high. In addition, the variety is resistant to most diseases.

Dobrun- hybrid indeterminate variety with high disease resistance and excellent keeping quality.

Octopus- a unique variety of tomatoes that are grown on a tree. Differs in phenomenal productivity (see photo below).



Annabelle- indeterminate high-yielding hybrid. It is highly resistant to a whole range of diseases and root-knot nematodes.

Baby is an early maturing super determinant variety intended only for cultivation in a greenhouse. The hybrid is genetically resistant to disease.

Soil preparation

Before planting seedlings, the soil can be replaced with a new one or the old one can be disinfected. For this potassium permanganate solution is used medium concentration. All soil is carefully spilled with it.

After the earth dries out, it is recommended to dig it up. At the same time, compost is introduced in an amount 1.5-2 buckets per square meter area. It can be replaced by the California worm family. Their activity will improve the porosity of the soil and will regularly enrich it with vermicompost.

It is also desirable to improve the soil with mineral fertilizers. For this, the following complex is being prepared:

• copper sulfate (5g);
• potassium magnesium (50g);
• ferrous sulfate (5g);
• potassium chloride (30g);
• double superphosphate (50g).

Care features

How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter? Young sprouts are moved to the greenhouse only after they reach a height of 18–21 cm. Before that, they fed several times a mixture of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. In greenhouses, it is most convenient to use the tape planting method.

The distance between the ribbons should be at least 80 cm, between the plants about 55–65 cm. It is recommended to tie a rope or wire along the ribbon of the planted bushes so that the seedlings grow vertically. Form the correct bushes as they grow, carrying out timely pinching.

Indeterminate varieties are made in one shoot, the rest - in two. The tops of all extra stems are pinched off. It is also advised to remove all the lower foliage.

Optimum soil temperature is about 19ºC, air temperature - 23ºC – 26ºC. It is better to water before lunch., moisturizing the earth as it dries. With a constant moisture deficit, the development of bushes stops, the ovaries and inflorescences begin to fall off. Loosening of the soil between the belts and under the bushes is carried out regularly, the entire period of plant life.

When growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, top dressing is necessary. Without the constant introduction of mineral complexes into the ground, plants will cease to bear fruit and fully develop.

Feed bushes desirable every 13-15 days... To do this, use a mixture of ammonium nitrate (15g), superphosphate (40g) and potassium salt (20g).

Before the formation of inflorescences, a 0.6% concentration of the working solution is used, and then it is increased to 1%. Consumption rate - bucket of solution per square meter p soil. To ensure normal photosynthesis under artificial conditions, open containers filled with a mixture of mullein and water are required in the greenhouse. This will enrich the air with carbon dioxide, which is necessary for the process of photosynthesis.

When grown outdoors, the inflorescences are pollinated by bees. They are not in the greenhouse, so pollination have to produce by yourself... To do this, each brush with flowers is slightly shaken, and then gently watered from above from a watering can.

Yield

The yield of tomatoes in a greenhouse from 1 square meter per year can average 50 ... 55 kg.

With the right maintenance and creation of the most suitable conditions for plants from one bush you can collect from 11 to 24-26 kg of fruits... This figure varies depending on the variety.

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter is more difficult than growing in open soil. This requires financial investments and high physical costs... But the results can be achieved amazing!

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

What gardener does not want to get a good harvest from his plot. In order to increase the number of cucumbers grown in greenhouses, you need not only good plant care, but also the right choice of crop variety. Recently, a lot of seeds have been sold in stores, and it is very difficult for a novice vegetable grower to decide. Consider the main high-yielding cucumber hybrids, time-tested.

Often, when buying seeds, gardeners are guided by the yield that the manufacturer stated on the package. But it should be understood that the figure on the bag is conditional. The fact is that the agrofirm creates, in fact, optimally favorable conditions for the growth and fruiting of a crop, which is not always possible to do at a summer cottage. Let's compare the yield of the most popular varieties:

Name	Productivity from 1 m 2 kg	Yield per hundred kg	Productivity per hectare
Bochkova	10,5	1050	1050
Alligator	9,4	940	940
Timi	11	1100	1100
Friendly family	10,3	1030	1030
Amur	30-50	3000-5000	3000-5000
Prestige	28	2800	2800
Courage	16	1600	1600
Hermann	25	2500	2500
northern Lights	29,3	2930	2930

As you can see from the table above, the yield of different varieties is very different. This indicator directly depends on genetics, which determines the length of the main stem and additional lashes, the number of female inflorescences in each node. The work of breeders in our time is aimed at breeding hybrids of the beam type of flowering, therefore, the yield of such hybrids is much higher than simple varieties.

High-yielding, disease-resistant greenhouse cucumber varieties

To get a good harvest, it is not enough to plant high-yielding hybrids, as often common diseases and infections can keep all attempts to get a lot of fruit to a minimum. Therefore, when choosing seed, you need to pay attention to the resistance of the variety to common diseases. Let's consider the most popular ones:

Goosebump F1

An early ripening variety that will delight cucumbers on the 45th day after sowing seeds in a greenhouse. It is a parthenocarpic hybrid that does not need insects for pollination. The flowering of the variety is bunchy, and as a result, a high yield. The hybrid is resistant to many types of diseases. Good-tasting fruit is versatile.



Tom Thumb

Early ripening variety, fruiting period begins at 38 days, with a female flowering type. Small fruits weighing no more than 60 g, this variety is ideal for any type of greenhouse and gives a friendly and good harvest. Resistant to diseases and viruses.



Benefit F1

An early ripening, self-pollinated hybrid capable of producing a good harvest for 45 days. These versatile cucumbers taste very good without natural bitterness. The advantage is that the plant practically does not suffer from diseases common for this culture.



Alekseich F1

Early maturing culture with an average bush height. Parthenocarpic hybrid with self-pollination. Resistant to disease, not susceptible to viral infections. Differs in high yield when grown indoors.



Emelya F1

Universal hybrid, early maturing, self-pollinating, thermophilic. It is worth noting that this variety has unlimited growth of the main stem, therefore, it is necessary to carry out the formation of a bush to increase productivity. Resistant to disease. The hybrid gives off the harvest in unison; during the active growing season, harvesting is carried out daily.



How to increase the yield of cucumbers in a greenhouse

So how to get a big harvest of cucumbers in the greenhouse? To harvest a good harvest of cucumbers from the greenhouse, you need to follow certain rules for caring for the plant - pinch, water and fertilize on time.

The bush is formed as follows:

1. Parthenocarpic varieties form in one lash, removing not only shoots, but also flowers on the fourth true leaf. Then, in four sinuses, layering is formed up to the first ovary, and pinching is performed. In the next 4 internodes, layers are formed up to the second ovary. And then the layers are pinched after the third ovary.
2. Bee-pollinated species cucumbers are formed in several layers, since the main crop can only be harvested from additional lashes. To do this, after the sixth true leaf, the top of the plant is cut off. After that, they begin to form a bush from side lashes, preventing thickening.

What kind of cucumber do you prefer?

ParthenocarpicBee-pollinated

Top dressing is another important factor that greatly affects the yield of crops in greenhouses. Usually three dressings are carried out over the summer, but when growing hybrids with a long growing season, at least 4 of them will be required:

• 14 days after planting in the greenhouse;
• as soon as the whips begin to gain color;
• at the time of the formation of zelents;
• during the main fruiting period.

It is worth noting that mulching of the soil will help to increase the yield of cucumbers in the greenhouse. Mulch helps to retain moisture, inhibits the growth of weeds, and provides additional plant nutrition.

The plant itself will tell you what fertilizer it lacks at the moment. If the following symptoms appear:

• small formation of lashes, the plant grows very slowly;
• on the main stem, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off;
• few flowers and ovaries, and the formed cucumbers are small and not juicy.



Your culture is signaling a nitrogen deficiency. And also you should pay attention:

1. The leaves turn red or take on a bluish tint, which indicates that it is time to introduce phosphorus-containing dressings.
2. The leaves darkened strongly, a yellow border appeared. At the same time, the fruits are watery and bitter, and the lateral shoots are strongly stretched, without forming ovaries, it is time to add potassium to the soil.
3. Lack of calcium can be identified by the ugly and sometimes ugly shape of the fruit.

If you carefully observe the crop planted in the greenhouse, you can immediately understand how to feed the cucumbers at the moment.

If you do not have the opportunity to constantly be on the site and take care of the plants, then equip the greenhouse with a simple drip irrigation system. For this, a plastic bottle is taken, the bottom is cut off, and several holes are made in the lid. Then the bottle is added to the cucumber bush. Pour water into a bottle, and you can safely not appear on the site for several days.

To increase yields, many gardeners water cucumbers under the root with milk. To do this, add 2 liters of milk to 10 liters of heated water. Such watering promotes good flowering and fruit formation.

Video

You can also watch a video where an agronomist will tell you how to determine the number of cucumber fruits from one bush.

As you can see, the yield of cucumbers depends not only on good care. But if you are just starting to grow vegetables, it is useful to understand that you need to buy good seeds, properly prepare them for planting. Sow the planting material in fertile soil and monitor the growth and development of the plant.

It is worth noting that if you ate during abundant fruiting, you will not be on the site and collect greens daily, then you will not see high yields.