Embedded parts types. Embedded parts in construction

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What are embedded parts, and where are they used? No building is unthinkable without a solid frame. . To enhance the strength of structures cast from concrete, special metal products are used in the manufacture of the frame, which are placed in a mold before the pouring process begins. These products are called embedded parts, and they are used for various purposes in construction. Types of embedded parts. Among the variety of embedded parts, the following products stand out: Reinforcing embedded parts. In their manufacture, reinforcement and wire are used. With this combination, the reinforcement can be deformed, but the wire does not allow it to break. The structure becomes more durable. Formwork embedded parts. They are used to protect the concrete product from the effects of various external factors, since they are non-removable. Technological embedded details. Their role is played by various seals for technological holes, door frames, guides and other structures. Mortgage foundations are used where other parts will be mounted to the structure. Most often, metal plates and molds with reinforcement welded to them are used as foundations. Where are inserts used? As noted above, embedded parts are widely used in construction, as they serve as a frame that increases the strength of the entire building. In addition, such parts are used when installing lampposts. Parts of such a frame can be interconnected “tightly”, or fixed with bolts. In accordance with this, their fasteners can be open or closed. Also, all metal parts are usually treated with a special coating to increase the service life. Where can I buy? You can purchase embedded parts in the quantity you need on the website of the St. Petersburg plant "Severozapad". The catalog contains a large number of finished products, among which you can easily choose what you need. In the manufacture of parts, the workers of the Severozapad plant are guided by fundamental principles. They monitor the exceptional quality of raw materials, control the quality of products at all stages of its manufacture. Thus, the probability of marriage of the party is reduced to zero. In addition, the production process is constantly being optimized thanks to the work of engineers and designers. By ordering a batch of embedded parts on the website of the Severozapad plant, you can be sure that your order will be made on time and the quality of work will be perfect. You can learn more about working conditions on the website www.zavodsz.ru.

No building is unthinkable without a solid frame.

To enhance the strength of structures cast from concrete, special metal products are used in the manufacture of the frame, which are placed in a mold before the pouring process begins. These products are called embedded parts, and they are used for various purposes in construction.

Types of embedded parts.

Among the variety of embedded parts, the following products stand out:

Reinforcing embedded parts. In their manufacture, reinforcement and wire are used. With this combination, the reinforcement can be deformed, but the wire does not allow it to break. The structure becomes more durable.
Formwork embedded parts. They are used to protect the concrete product from the effects of various external factors, since they are non-removable.
Technological embedded details. Their role is played by various seals for technological holes, door frames, guides and other structures.
Mortgage foundations are used where other parts will be mounted to the structure. Most often, metal plates and molds with reinforcement welded to them are used as foundations.

Where are inserts used?

As noted above, embedded parts are widely used in construction, as they serve as a frame that increases the strength of the entire building. In addition, such parts are used when installing lampposts.

Parts of such a frame can be interconnected “tightly”, or fixed with bolts. In accordance with this, their fasteners can be open or closed. Also, all metal parts are usually treated with a special coating to increase the service life.

Where can I buy?

You can purchase embedded parts in the quantity you need on the website of the St. Petersburg plant "Severozapad". The catalog contains a large number of finished products, among which you can easily choose what you need.

Modern construction is on the rise. Buildings with 25 floors are no longer a rarity; taller buildings are also found in big cities. That is why it is so important to observe safety measures at all levels, from the first calculations of a future project to the exterior finish. The embedded part plays an important role in this whole process. It allows you to connect various load-bearing structures to each other, increasing the degree of their resistance to loads.

The materials of fasteners are diverse, it depends not only on the place of their application, but also on the further purpose. Metal is used to connect building blocks or tall lanterns, wood or plastic is used on less important objects.

In construction, embedded parts made of high-quality steel of a certain thickness are used. If you changed the lamps in your apartment, then you paid attention to the pieces of wood that are installed in the wall. They are fixed in advance, so that later you can install the device. Plastic elements are used in the installation of pools. These are specially prepared places where various hoses will be connected in the future.

The purpose for which they will be used in further buildings affects the manufacture of embedded parts. Their form is determined by the requirements of various standards. The main elements are metal plates and rebar pins. They can be interconnected, but sometimes the pins are replaced with bolts, thus, it turns out. By type, the fasteners are divided into open and closed. They differ in the number of sites. In the first case, we have a metal plate with welded rods. In the second version, there are additional metal plates at the ends of the pins. They allow you to more rigidly connect the building blocks together.

In the direction of the pins, embedded parts are divided into several groups. This can be a perpendicular arrangement of the rods or inclined, at an angle to the plate. The pins can be parallel or directed in different directions. The size of the plate and the length of the rods are determined by the brand of embedded parts. The metal base itself is made in the form of a rectangle or square. Sometimes a rod with a loop or ring is used instead of a plate, this form is more suitable if it is necessary to fix various communications.

Embedded parts are connected to each other by welding, glue or bolts. It can be a tee connection or an overlap. Each option is interesting in its own way, but you should proceed from the specific place where the details are applied. If used, it is necessary in laboratory conditions to select the most suitable composition, designed for the loads that are planned to withstand.

When installing modern poles for street lighting or various supports, embedded parts are also used. First, the lower part is fixed in the form of a pipe with a round or square flange. Then the upper mast is attached to it with studs or bolts. The anchor mortgage is distinguished by its base, it is made of a set of studs connected by a jig from above and below. In order for all metal parts to last longer, they must be protected from the weather. The use of a primer, paint or zinc coating can increase their service life.

At the stage of pouring reinforced concrete structures, most of them require an embedded part, fully or partially sunk into concrete. These elements join (welding, threaded connections) separate parts of the prefabricated foundation or attach flights of stairs, wall panels, ceilings, and other enclosing structures to it.

What are mortgages for?

The foundations are made of concrete, it is very difficult to dock, attach two such products. Therefore, an embedded part is immersed in concrete, a thread, plate, and other seat remain on the surface. It is enough to weld these elements to each other in order to obtain complex spatial structures made of reinforced concrete. Mortgages are used for construction:

For the manufacture of mortgages, almost the entire range of rolled metal is used (circle, sheet, reinforcement, strip, channel, angle, bar).

Classification of embedded elements

To increase the strength, concrete structures are reinforced with wire meshes, rods of a periodic, constant section. These elements also apply to embedded parts of a closed type. The classification is based on:

Any embedded part must comply with GOST 10922-90, since they have a significant load. An anchor rod or reinforcement A-III - A-II class 25 - 8 mm in diameter is used for the foundation. If the temperature in the region of operation drops below 30 degrees, choose plates from VSt3ps6 steels. In other cases, VSt3kp2 steel is used.

Anti-corrosion treatment consists of galvanizing, galvanizing, painting. At small loads, stamped APs are usually laid in reinforced concrete products. With an increase in shearing, tearing forces, anchor rods welded to the plates are used.

Mortgage manufacturing technology

When designing metal elements inside the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the nuances:

Embedded part of a stamped type is made in accordance with the RS9903 album, developed by the leading designers of reinforced concrete: NIIZhB, MNIITEP. The sketches given in the album allow the use of ready-made schemes for the minimum possible reinforcement in the area of the WH.

The project should include the minimum possible sections of profiled steel, reinforcement. To do this, part of the effort is distributed to stops made of strip steel or short bars.

Welded joints

To increase the adhesion of stamped EPs inside the concrete parts of the foundation, 6 cm hooks with two or more ledges are created at the ends of the strips. The rods are connected to plates, shaped rolled products by welding in accordance with the requirements of GOST 19292:

tee weld - manual or automatic submerged arc (in some cases zigzag, relief welding), roller welds, contact relief, semi-automatic in carbon dioxide environment
inclined seam (joint) - submerged directly or at the end
overlap joint - an extended seam, along two, one relief (manual arc, contact, respectively)

Relief spot welding is prohibited for APs used in concrete products that experience vibration loads during operation (for example, flights of stairs).

Installation sites, application of embedded elements

The main operations for the construction of the foundation, other enclosing structures are:

For individual developers, the industry produces a range of embedded elements for a monolithic foundation. The simplest modification of the anchor for fastening a wooden rack has the following design:

Mortgages for fastening gates, gates to fence posts are made independently:

plate - used for hanging sections, wicket hinges
corner - connects the plate with the profile pipe of the armo-belt of the column

Home-made embedded elements are usually not calculated, they are made from improvised materials, immersed in concrete without connection with the armored belt of structures. Most often, an individual developer uses mortgages in the following operations:

For more serious reinforced concrete structures, buildings, it is necessary to purchase factory products with embedded parts. All of them undergo flaw detection, laboratory tests for permissible loads, have accompanying documentation, and manufacturer's warranty obligations.

Recently, the term "embedded parts" is found more and more often. In general terms, such a part is a metal plate with reinforcement (anchor) welded to it. Options for plates, as well as fittings, can be very diverse.

Why is this needed and where are they placed?

Embedded parts make it possible to ensure a reliable connection of reinforced concrete structures (RC), as well as reinforced concrete structures and metal structures. And this, in turn, significantly increases the overall reliability of a building or structure, simplifies installation and leads to other positive effects.

The laying of parts is carried out in a concrete structure (usually, at the production stage of the latter, but not necessarily). Moreover, this is done in such a way that the metal plate is in concrete, and the anchor comes out. Thanks to this anchor, a reinforced concrete block can be securely connected to another reinforced concrete block or to a metal frame element. In most cases, the connection of anchors is carried out by welding.

From this it is obvious that embedded parts increase the strength of prefabricated structures, allow certain elements to be rigidly fixed and, in general, significantly increase the reliability of the object. This is probably why modern monolithic construction is unthinkable without them.

Where are inserts used?

Wherever it is necessary to connect two or more reinforced concrete elements or metal structures. Among the most obvious areas of application, we note:

Installation of block structures, such as wells, channels and tunnels;
Installation of load-bearing or enclosing structures based on reinforced concrete structures;
Installation of columns;
Installation of external facades;
Installation of bases for masts, cell towers and other high-rise structures;
Hydraulic structures, including technical reservoirs and reservoirs;
Arrangement of window and door openings;
Creation of foundations for buildings based on metal frames;
Installation of frames from a metal profile.

This is far from a complete list, but it should already be clear from it that modern construction implies the active use of embedded parts.

What are the insert options?

As you already understood, the general design is quite simple - a plate and an anchor. However, the plate can be made of various alloys, have different thicknesses and shapes. The number and type of anchors can also vary within a fairly wide range - it can be round or profile reinforcement of various diameters. In some cases, the anchor may be threaded, which makes it possible to adjust the connection.

In addition, embedded parts are of open or closed type. In the first case, there is only one plate, in the second case, there is a plate on both sides of the anchor.

To give parts additional properties, they can have various coatings, for example, galvanization. This improves corrosion resistance and extends service life.

The technology for the production of embedded parts does not imply particular complexity:

A metal sheet of the desired thickness is cut into plates of the desired shape;
The required amount of reinforcement of a given type and length is welded to the plate;
The finished part undergoes additional processing (galvanizing, painting, etc.).

The rock goes up to the sky. There is a crack on the rock. I want to climb and not get killed. Traditional insurance is carried out by mortgage elements. We begin the classification of embedded elements with the classification of the cracks themselves.

So, cracks are:

vertical/horizontal/inclined

cracks are with pronounced narrowing and with parallel even walls

Well, finally, cracks come in different widths and different depths.

And there are also cavities in the rock. For each type of crack, any type of embedded elements is optimally suited.

Types of embedded elements.

There are not so many of them:

Stoppers

Stoppers are a truncated tetrahedral pyramid, usually with asymmetric and often curved edges, with a steel cable. Due to the asymmetric shape, the stoppers can be installed into the crack with a wide or narrow side. Stoppers are designed for relatively narrow cracks from 5 to 40 millimeters, with a pronounced narrowing. Microstoppers with a size of less than 5 mm can only be used as an artificial fulcrum (ITO). For installation, the stopper must be brought into the wide part of the crack and then wedged into the constriction. The narrowing should be on the side of the expected load. Stoppers are ideal for vertical and oblique cracks with a pronounced narrowing towards the bottom. Stoppers are also suitable for cracks expanding inward, including horizontal ones. The stoppers are easy to install and remove and are very reliable when installed correctly. An important advantage of the stoppers is their low weight and volume. A set of ten stoppers of different sizes weighs only 450 grams and takes up very little space in a backpack.

Eccentrics (hexes)

Eccentrics, or they are also called "hexes", have the form of an asymmetric hexagonal prism. Due to its shape, the hexa can be installed in four different positions. Thus, one hexa spans a fairly large range of crack widths. Under load, the hexa tends to rotate around the central axis and thus firmly wedged in the crack. Cracks with a less pronounced narrowing are suitable for installing hexes than for stoppers. The minimum hex size is 11mm, which in fact partially overlaps the range of stoppers. However, for narrow cracks, stoppers are more convenient. The most relevant are hexes of large sizes. The maximum size is 91mm. Hexes are produced in two versions: with a guy from a sling or with a steel cable. The cable option may be more convenient to install and place on the leader harness, but this is a matter of habit. Just like stoppers, hexes are easy to install and remove, and very reliable. In terms of weight and volume, hexes are only slightly smaller than the corresponding size of a friend, but are much more convenient for transportation and placement on a harness.

Friends, camalots

Friend consists of:

four movable spring-loaded cams mounted on the same axis;

a flexible rod - a handle made of a steel cable covered with a plastic sheath (in some models - two rods), to which a guy is attached;

control bar with rods that drive the cam mechanism.

Camalots differ from friends in that the working cams are mounted on two separate axles, two cams per axle. This increases the reliability of the structure and somewhat increases the operating range along the width of the crack. During installation, all four cams can move independently of each other, which allows you to install friends in a crack with a complex wall surface shape. In addition, Omega Pacific offers "Link Cam" friends, in which each working cam is divided into three parts. This allows you to significantly increase the operating range and cover several numbers of ordinary friends with one friend.

Ideally, installing and removing friends is easy and convenient. He clenched his fists and inserted the device into the crack, released the fists and the device was securely wedged in the crack. To extract it, he clenched his fists and took out the friend. Beauty! But there are nuances...

Firstly, due to the mobility of the cams, a wide range of use of the friend is achieved. However, the friend cannot be used in extreme positions. If the friend is set in a position close to the extreme opening, it will most likely fly out under load. If the friend is installed completely compressed, it will be extremely problematic or impossible to pull it out. A common situation on a climbing route - the leader inserts the friend into a narrow deep crack, deeper for reliability. In the depths, the crack turns out to be narrower and the friend gets stuck. And then the second participant spends half an hour to extract the ill-fated device from the crack. And even after long fruitless attempts, he states that it is impossible to extract a friend.

Secondly, in order to extract the friend, it is necessary, as already mentioned, to compress the fists, and in order to compress the fists, it is necessary to move the friend a little forward. Just a little! However, if during installation the friend is inserted into the crack until it stops and it is not possible to move the friend forward, it will be problematic to remove the friend from the crack.

And thirdly, friends have the unpleasant property of walking along cracks with parallel walls, for which they are actually intended. It happens like this. The leader inserted the friend into the crack in the correct position with the handle down and fastened the guy. If the line of further movement goes to the side, and this happens often, the rope pulls the friend to the side through the quickdraw, and turns the handle to a horizontal position. In this case, a pair of cams remains in place, and the second pair, located closer to the rope, moves around the first two cams and steps a little deeper into the crack. Then a slack is formed in the tension of the rope, and under the influence of gravity, the friend again turns the handle down, and now the first pair of cams takes a step a little deeper. During the work of the leader, the tension and loosening of the rope is repeated many times, and with each cycle the friend becomes deeper and deeper. There may be several results of such a walk. A friend can walk so deep that it will be impossible to reach the control bar, he can get stuck in a narrow place, having taken an extreme position, he can rest against a wall.

In all these cases, extracting a friend will be problematic or impossible. On many popular routes, you can find friends and camalots wedged forever. Kamalots left forever not only violate the primordial beauty of the mountains, but also hurt the climber's wallet, since the cost of an average kamalot is about three thousand rubles. And yet, as a result of walking, the friend can get into a wider place of the crack and simply fall out, which is not good at all. Therefore, if it is possible to install a stopper or an eccentric instead of a friend, I prefer simpler devices. If this is not possible, I carefully study the installation site for hidden traps, and fasten a long guy so that the rope does not pull the friend to the side when passing.